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CORNELLUNIVERSITY LIBRARY
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY
HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE
PE 1591.S72
Cornell University Library
Dictionary of Enalish
synonymes and syno
3
1924 027 441 033
Thetine
original of
tiiis
book
is in
Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright
restrictions intext.
the United States on the use of the
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027441033
A DICTIONARYOF
ENGLISH SYNONYMESAND
^pnonpmous
or |&araUel d^jcpressions
DESIGNED AS A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO APTNESS AND VARIETY OF PHRASEOLOGY
By
RICHARD SOULE
The
exertion of clothing a thought in a completely
new
set of
words increases
both clearness of thought and mastery over words.tliat it will
It is
the test of a solid thought
bear a change of clotliiug.
J.
R.
Seeley
NtijJ EDttion, l^rijiseB auB lEnlarpJJ
By
GEORGE
H.
HOWISON,
LL.D.
MILLS PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
BOSTON
BOSTON BOOK COMPANY1893
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year
1
871,
by
Richard Soule,in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
Copyright, 1S91,
By Harriet W. Soule.
Pbpnted by
J, B.
LippiNOOTT Company, Philadelphm, U. S. A.
PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION.
n^HE-*-
present edition of a work which,
now some twenty
years before
the public,
may
justly
be said to have maintained a standard char-
acter,
has been undertaken at the request of the author's family.that, in
The
Editor takes pleasure in saying
the minute revision to which thelittle
book has been subjected, he has foundto
more
to
do than to carry outThatits
a greater completenesits
the lines of Mr. Soule's original design.
design, not only indetails,
general conception, but in the execution ofsingle
seems to him, on the whole, the best that anyin
work on
Synonymes
our language
affords,
an
impression which has grown
stronger during the process of comparison with the chief works of thatclass
rendered necessary in preparing
this edition,
and which
it is
believed
a
like
comparison on the part of readers
will surely corroborate.
The
judicious consulter of a synonymic dictionary will readily acquiesce
in the statement that
a perfect manual of that sortof convenient sizefulfil
is
impossible within the
compass of a
single
work
and arrangement.
Three
dis-
tinct points of
view are necessary to
the wants that are sure to arisewriter, seeking for the
when such a work hassuitable expression,
to be consulted,set out
the
most
may
from the
less suitable
word; or from the;
vague general notion that he obscurely aims to express
or, finally,
from
several words of cognate meaning, the exactly suitable one of which he
would determine by a close discrimination between them.
A
work onlist
Synonymes may thus havethe
for its
purpose either an alphabetic
of
all
more important words
in the language, with their various
meaningsits
or shades of meaning setpriate
down under them, each
followed by
appro-
synonymes
;
or a
list
of general notions, duly
named and
properly
divided and subdivided, with the words and phrases that belong to the
vi
PREFACE.themas fully as possible;
expression of each collected under
or, again,
the collocation of words allied in
meaning with subjoined
disquisitions
on the shades of
difference
between them.
The
latter
conception hasdictionaries,
been the prevailing one among English makers of synonymic
andthe
is
represented by the well-known work of Crabb, as well as by anyis
second
that
of Roget's Thesaurus
;
while the
first
is
that offul-
Soule.
It is safe to say that while
each
is
indispensable to a perfectthat
filment of a writer's possible wants, the
first is
which
is
most com-
prehensive, most convenient
and rapid in use, and most likely to meet
the requirements of the greatest
number of
persons.
In endeavoring to carry out Mr. Soule's plan to greater perfection, thechief aim,
beyond the correction of
press-errors
and obvious lapses of the
pen, has been to discriminate the various senses of leading wordsexactly, completing the distinction
moreand
whereBesides
it
already existed in part,
supplying
it
where
it
was lacking.lists
this,
the labor has been mainly
confined to enlarging the
of synonymic wordsincreased,
and phrases.
The
number of such expressions has beenathird.
on an average, by aboutof the
For
this
purpose free use has been
made
new
editions
of Roget's Thesaurus and the Imperial Dictionary.
The Editor
takes pleasure in
making special acknowledgment of th
assistance rendered
him by Miss C. N. Bvnner.
The primary;
revision of
nearly one half of the text has been done
by her
and the thoroughness
and accurate knowledge of our vocabulary, with which she has performedher task, have rendered the labor offinal revision in that
portion of the
book comparatively
lightdetails,it is
In a work involving so manyhave beenleft
impossible but that errors
will
or committed, in spite of
all
endeavors to the contrary.
Notice of any such, detected by readers,
will
be received with thanks.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.
' I-*-
"*HE main design ofassistance
thisis
Dictionary
is
to provide a ready
means ofthat
when one
at a loss for a
word or an expressionof the mind, or that
best suits a particular turn of thought or
mood
may
obviate an ungraceful repetition.
Even
practised
and
skilful writers are
sometimes embarrassed
in the
endeavor to make a sentence moresubstitution of
clear,
simple, terse, or rhythmical,
by the
one form of diction
for
another.
It is
presumedwork
that they, as well as novices in composition, will
find the present
useful in
overcomingit:
difficulties of this sort.
As
to the
method
of using
Whenever a doubtoneis
arises in regard tolet
the fitness of any word,writer turn to this
and ainits
better
not readily suggested,
the
word
alphabetical place.to the
Under
it
will
be foundin
the words and phrases, or
some clew
words and phrases, which,
any connection, have the same meaning asthe same.
itself,
or a meaning very nearly
That one of them which comes nearest to expressing the exactwill
shade of thought in the writer's mind,
be
likely to arrest the attention
and determine the choice.In mostthat group.cases, all the
words that belonginstances, as
to
any groupthe
will
be foundfalls
in
But
in
some
when
same word
into
two
or more groups that are near to each other, or when there are so
many
synonymesinits
for a
word
that a repetition of every
one of them under eachprolix, the
alphabetical placeis
would seem to be too formal andfor
inquirer
referred to
some prominent word among them
a view of theis
whole.to the
Under the word Blockhead, for example, referenceword Dunce, under whichit.
made
willis
be found
all
the words that areit is
synonymous with
This example
given becausefor the
the mostidea.
marked
one in our language ot a multiplicity of terms
same
Viii
PREFACE.in ness,
Many nouns ending
and adverbs ending
in
ly,
have been
omitted in their alphabetical places, for the reason that their synonymesare sufficiently indicated
by the corresponding
adjectives.
The aim has been
to present at a single glance theobject,
words or modes
of speech which denote the same
or which express the same
general idea, with only slight shades of difference.
There has been no
attempt at elaborate discussion of the nice distinctions that obtain between
words apparently synonymousgiven wheneverit
;
but hints of such distinctions have beenbriefly in a parenthetical
was practicable to give them
remark.
In preparing
this Dictionary, free
use has been;
made
of the following
works
:
Roget's Thesaurus of
Words and Phrases
the Quarto Dictionaries
of Webster and of Worcester;
Crabb's Synonymes;Piatt's
Graham's Syno-
nymes
;
Whately's Synonymes
;
Synonymes
;
the Dictionaries of;
Synonymes by Fenby,tionaries of
Sherer, Mackenzie,
and Smith
the Medical Dic-
Dunglison and ofBache.field
Thomas
;
and the United States Dispenmuch, however, that has been
satory
by
Wood and
It contains
gathered from a wideof years.
of miscellaneous reading during a long series
The
author
is
under special obligations toA.
his
friends,J.
Mr. Justinforfor
WiNSOR, Mr.
WiLUAM
Wheeler, and Mr. Loomisand
Campbell,
the interest they have manifested in the progress of the work,their valuable suggestionscriticisms.
and
Brookline, Mass.,
1871.
EXPLANATORY TABLE.
stands for Adjective.
Log.
stands for Logic.,_
ad,Alg.
,.
,,
Adverb.Algebra.
Mai&Med. ^^Meteor.
Mathematics.Medicine.
'
Anai. Arch.Arith.Astral.
Anatomy.Architecture,
Metaphysics.
........
Meteorology.Military.
Arithmetic.Astrology.
Mil.
Astron.Bot..
Astronomy,Botany.Chemistry,Colloquial.
Min MusMythol.
Mineralogy.Music.
,. I.
Mythology,Nautical.
Chem.Cottoq,
NazaOrnith Phys.Physiol.pi-
Noun.Ornithology.Physics.
Com.conj,
,
Commerce.Conjunction.Ecclesiastical.
, . . .
Eccl.
.... .... ....
Physiology.Plural.
Eng.Ent.Fori.
England, or English. Entomology.Fortification.
//Psychol.
Preposition.
. .
Psychology.Rhetoric. Sculpture.Singular.
Fr.Geol.
French.Geology.
.
Rhet Sculp
Geont,
Geometry.
Gram.Gr.ffer...
Grammar.Greek.Heraldry.
Sp SrgTheol.
Spanish.Surgery.
....
,,
Ich.inter/.It.I-..
.
Ichthyology.Interjection.
U.S.erratloil, . I. Deviation, divergence, wandering, rambling, departure. 2. Irregularity, eccentricity, singularity, peculiarity, strangeness, unconformity, anomaly, abnormity, monstrosity. 3, Illusion, delusion, hallucination, monomania, self-deception, A1}et, V. a. I, Aid, assist, help, support, succor, second, sustain, uphold, back, co-operate with, take part with, give support to, embolden, subsidize.
out
ness. See Abject. Abjuration, . I. Renunciation (/? eculiarity,
unconformity, eccentricity,
mon-
Anon, ad' Soon, quickly, shortly, immediately, forthwith, on the instant, directly, in a short time, ere long, at another time, agafn, afterward. Anonymous, a. Nameless, without the name of the author, of unknown authorship, unacknowledged {pf writings). AnoUier, a, I, bome other, any other, not thesame, a different. 2. One more.
0. I. Date before the true time, date back, date earlier than the fact. 2. Anticipate, forestall, foretaste, experience beforehand. Antenatal, a. Prenatal, prior to birth, fetal, in the womb. Antepast, - Foretaste, prelibation, forestaUmg, presentiment. See Anticipation. Anterior* a. I. Preceding, prior, previous, foreSee Antecedent. going, going before2. Fore, front, in front. Anteriority* . I. Priority (//iw