DSS Corrosion Inhibitor Evaluations(Hycrete)
Scott A. Civjan
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Northeastern States Materials Engineers’ AssociationOct. 19, 2004
Outline
Corrosion Testing (UMass, UConn)
Materials Testing (UConn, UMass)
Field Applications
NETC Project 03-2
References UMass (NETC 97-2)
Civjan S. A., LaFave J. M., Lima J., and Pfiefer D. “Effectiveness ofCorrosion Inhibiting Admixture Combinations in Structural Concrete”Cement and Concrete Composites, Elsevier – In Publication
Civjan, S. A., LaFave, J. M., Lovett, D., Sund, D. J., and Trybulski, J.“Performance Evaluation and Economic Analysis of Combinations ofDurability Enhancing Admixtures (Mineral and Chemical) in StructuralConcrete for the Northeast U.S.A.” Final Report (NETC 97-2).http://docs.trb.org/00960060.pdf
UConn (CT DOT Project 96-2) Allyn, M. and Frantz, G. C. “Strength and Durability of Concrete
Containing Salts of Alkenyl-Succinic Acid.” ACI Materials Journal2001; V. 98 (1); 52-58.
Allyn, M. and. Frantz, G.C. “Corrosion Tests with Concrete ContainingSalts of an Alkenyl-Succinic Acid.” ACI Materials Journal 2001, V. 98(3): 224-232.
Corrosion Testing
UConn
Corrosion Testing – UConn (Allyn and Franz 2001a)
48/100 Weeks
w/cm of 0.38 to 0.45
1 or 2 Percent Hycrete DSS Addition by Cement Weight
Linear Polarization Testing
Sponsor: Connecticut DOT Project 96-2
UConn
Lollipop (2”and 3”) and Slab Specimens
15% NaCl Ponding
4 Days Wet, 3 Days Dry
Up to 2 Years
Sponsor: Connecticut DOT
From UConn Project 96-2Phase II Report
From UConn Project 96-2Phase II Report
From UConn Project96-2 Phase II Report
UConn
“Complete lack of corrosion in specimens containingthe new chemicals”
Specimen dropped/cracked
Saw Cut Specimens
Sponsor: Connecticut DOT
UMass
Slab Specimens – 24 week ponding cycles
Visual Inspection
Half-Cell
Macrocell
Destructive Evaluation
Chloride Testing (Minimal)
Sponsor: New England Transportation Consortium
Goal: Evaluate Performance of Admixture Combinations
Mix Design
14 Mix Designs
12 w/cm=0.40, 2 w/cm=0.47
Single: CN, SF, FA, GBFS, Hycrete DSS
Double CN+(SF, FA, GBFS or Hycrete DSS)
Triple CN+SF+(FA or GBFS)
Hycrete DSS: 2 Mixes
Additions 1/2% Cement Content
Mix Design
Dosages
CN: 14.8 l/m3 (3 gal/yd3)
SF: 6% Cement Replacement
FA: 15% Cement Replacement
GBFS: 25% Cement Replacement
Hycrete DSS: Additions 1/2% Cement Content
Replacements/Additions = Weight Basis
10Ω
305
75180
25
25
50 50305
NaCl Solution
Wiring toelectricallyconnect anodeand cathode steel
Specimen raised to allowair flow to bottom surface
Sides Sealed with Epoxy
Reinforcing Bars
Plexiglas Dike
Specimen Details
Modification of ASTM G-109
Specimen Details
Replicates of 3
A and B: Non-Cracked
C: Pre-Cracked
Test Protocol
1st 12 Weeks - Cycled
4 Days Ponded/3 Days Dry
Ponded: Min. 21°C (70° F)15% NaCl Solution
Dry: Min. 38°C (100° F)
2nd 12 Weeks – Ponded
24 Week Cycles
108 Weeks Total
Some Specimens Continued to 204 Weeks
Test Protocol - Enclosures
ThermostatHeat Lamp
Temperaturecontrolledenclosure
Specimens
Macrocell Readings – Iron Loss
Metal loss in grams/amp-hour
=atomic weight/[(Faraday’s Constant) * (electron charge change)]
= ( )( )
( )electronsmolsamphrsmolgrams
2/)*(96489
/3600/8.55 =1.04 grams/amp - hr (1)
Iron Loss – Control/Single
Iron Lost (Non-Cracked Specimens): Control/Single Admixtures
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
M1A
1-R
M1A
2-R
M1B
1
M1B
2
M2A
1
M2A
2
M2B
1
M2B
2
M3A
1
M3A
2
M3B
1-R
M3B
2-R
M4A
1
M4A
2
M4B
1-R
M4B
2-R
M5A
1
M5A
2
M5B
1
M5B
2
M6A
1
M6A
2
M6B
1
M6B
2
Specimen Label
108 weeks
96 weeks
84 weeks
72 weeks
60 weeks
48 weeks
36 weeks
24 weeks
12 weeks
Control SFCN GBFS DSSFA
Iron Loss – Control/Single
Iron Lost (Non-Cracked Specimens): Control/Single Admixtures
0.00
0.05
0.10
M1A
1-R
M1A
2-R
M1B1
M1B2
M2A1
M2A2
M2B1
M2B2
M3A1
M3A2
M3B
1-R
M3B
2-R
M4A1
M4A2
M4B
1-R
M4B
2-R
M5A1
M5A2
M5B1
M5B2
M6A1
M6A2
M6B1
M6B2
Specimen Label
108 weeks
96 weeks
84 weeks
72 weeks
60 weeks
48 weeks
36 weeks
24 weeks
12 weeks
Control SFCN GBFS DSSFA
Iron Loss – Double
Iron Lost (Non-Cracked Specimens): Double Combinations
0.00
0.05
0.10
M7A
1
M7A
2
M7B
1
M7B
2
M8A
1
M8A
2
M8B
1
M8B
2
M9A
1
M9A
2
M9B
1
M9B
2
M10
A1
M10
A2
M10
B1
M10
B2
Specimen Label
108 weeks
96 weeks
84 weeks
72 weeks
60 weeks
48 weeks
36 weeks
24 weeks
12 weeks
CN/SF CN/GBFSCN/FA CN/DSS
Iron Loss – Triple and High w/cm
Iron Lost (Non-Cracked Specimens): Triple Combinations/High w/cm
0.00
0.05
0.10
M11
A1
M11
A2
M11
B1
M11
B2
M12
A1
M12
A2
M12
B1
M12
B2
M13
A1
M13
A2
M13
B1
M13
B2
M14
A1
M14
A2
M14
B1
M14
B2
Specimen Label
108 weeks
96 weeks
84 weeks
72 weeks
60 weeks
48 weeks
36 weeks
24 weeks
12 weeks
**= Values Negative for M14B **
CN/SF/FA CN/SF/GBFS CN/SF/FACN/SF
MacroCell Readings
Hycrete DSS
Calcium Nitrite
3 years
3 1/2 years
MacroCell- Pre-Cracked
Voltage vs. Time for M1C1
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
1 85 169 253 337 421 505 589 673 757
Time (Days)
Vo
lta
ge
(m
V)
Voltage vs. Time for M2C1
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
1 85 169 253 337 421 505 589 673 757
Time (Days)
Vo
lta
ge
(m
V)
3 1/2 years
3 1/2 years
Iron Loss – Pre-Cracked
Iron Lost (Pre-Cracked Specimens)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
M1C1
M1C2
M2C1
M2C2
M3C1
M3C2
M4C1
M4C2
M5C1
M5C2
M6C1
M6C2
M7C1
M7C2
M8C1
M8C2
M9C1
M9C2
M10C1
M10C2
M11C1
M11C2
M12C1
M12C2
M13C1
M13C2
M14C1
M14C2
Specimen Label
108 weeks
96 weeks
84 weeks
72 weeks
60 weeks
48 weeks
36 weeks
24 weeks
12 weeks
M6 and M10
SpecimenRankings
Mix Average Cumulative
Iron Loss (%) Through 108 Weeks
Magnifier Over M10AB Notes
M10AB 4.93E-03 1X No Cracking M6AB 5.39E-03 1X No Cracking M2AB 5.45E-03 1X No Cracking
M11AB 6.80E-03 1X Cracking in one specimen only M9AB 9.54E-03 2X No Cracking
M12AB 2.22E-02 4X Cracking in one specimen only M8AB 2.33E-02 5X No Cracking
M14AB 3.78E-02 8X Cracking in one specimen only M3RB only
6.52E-02 13X Specimen with no initial cracking
M4AB 7.82E-02 16X Cracking in one specimen only M5AB 8.13E-02 16X Cracking in one specimen only M10C 8.54E-02 17X No Additional Cracking M6C 8.88E-02 18X No Additional Cracking
M13AB 9.54E-02 19X Cracking in one specimen only M14C 2.51E-01 51X M4C 2.52E-01 51X
M11C 2.54E-01 51X M9C 2.55E-01 52X
M12C 2.96E-01 60X M1AB 3.22E-01 65X Control M8C 3.84E-01 78X
M7AB 3.96E-01 80X M3AB 4.86E-01 98X Premature Cracking in A M7C 5.31E-01 108X M5C 5.67E-01 115X
M13C 5.76E-01 117X M3C 5.80E-01 118X M2C 6.65E-01 135X M1C 8.11E-01 164X Control
Chloride Results (Water Soluble)Table 7: Water Soluble Percent Chloride by Weight of Concrete
Depth Specimen 0 to13 mm 13 to 25 mm 25 to 38 mm
M1B 0.53 0.49 0.46 M2A 0.49 0.28 0.25 M3A 0.42 0.39 0.37 M4A 0.46 0.42 0.26 M5A 0.46 0.38 0.17 M6A 0.23 0.06 0.05 M7A 0.79 0.71 0.64 M8A 0.65 0.54 0.36 M9B 0.48 0.29 0.11
M10A 0.22 0.13 0.04 M11A 0.30 0.25 0.13 M12A 0.51 0.30 0.13 M13A 0.54 0.50 0.43 M14B 0.79 0.68 0.45
*Notes: All data is from autopsied specimens, after 108 weeks of testing for all but M6A and M10A which were after 84 weeks of testing
New Results Pending
(Assistance?)
Spray Application
>36 weeks
Materials Testing
UConn
Materials Testing
_, _, 1 and 2 %
Sponsor: Connecticut DOT
Absorption
Freeze Thaw
Compressive Strength
From UConn Project96-2 Phase II Report
UConn
Absorption – Dried at 100oC
Control 8.5
_ % 5.1
_ % 3.8
1 and 2 % 3.0
Absorption - Dried at 40oC
Relative Values Similar ASTM C642-90
Control 8.5
_ % 5.1
_ % 3.8
1 and 2 % 3.0
UConn
Freeze-Thaw -18 to 4 oC >300 cycles
Reported Acceptable for HPC
ASTM C666-92
From UConn Project 96-2Phase I Report
UConn
Stable Air Entrainment
Better Without De-foaming Agent
Likely Best with Full De-Foamingand Air-entraining Admixture
ASTM C666-92
If allowed to dry before testing“resistance to freeze-thaw damagemight increase very significantly”(Phase II pg. 124)
UConn
Strength Loss
10 to 20 % Reduction
up to 37% reduction
_, _ %
1 and 2 %
Possible De-foaming Agent Issue
From UConn Project 96-2Phase I Report
UMass
Compressive Strength – NETC Test
_ % Hycrete DSS
Triple Combinations: Strength Increased 15%
GBFS, CN/GBFS: Strength Increased 15%
CN+Hycrete DSS: Strength Reduced 25%
Hycrete DSS: Strength Reduced 10%
Compressive Strengths
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 14 28 42 56 70 84 98 112 126 140 154 168 182 196Days
Control
1/4% DSS
1/2% DSS
1% DSS
Field Implementation
Field Implementation
Guard Rails – Connecticut DOTPhoto Courtesy of CT DOT
1 Year
50 Barriers
I-84
New York/New Jersey Port Authority - Sidewalks
Ohio – Noise Barriers/black steel
Florida
Rhode Island
Texas
Ohio DOT Spec Approval
New Jersey Turnpike Authority
Field Implementation
100 yd3 Deck
Hycrete
High Performance
Bridge Decks
Kansas Bridge Project Photo Courtesy of Broadview Technologies
Field Implementation
2-decks with black barsembedded @ 1”
560 yd3
Hycrete vs. NormalHigh Performance
Corrosion Readings @28 days and once/twiceyearly for 10 years
FHWA Funding
Kansas» KU and KS DOT
» Lab and Field Studies
Virginia DOT
NETC 03-2“Field Studies of Concrete Containing Salts of
an Alkenyl-Substituted Succinic Acid”
NETC 03-2
Large Scale Mix Design
Materials Testing
Project Selection
Field Implementation
Long-Term Corrosion Monitoring
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Initiated 09/15/04
Questions?
References [email protected] UMass (NETC 97-2)
Civjan S. A., LaFave J. M., Lima J., and Pfiefer D. “Effectiveness ofCorrosion Inhibiting Admixture Combinations in Structural Concrete”Cement and Concrete Composites, Elsevier – In Publication
Civjan, S. A., LaFave, J. M., Lovett, D., Sund, D. J., and Trybulski, J.“Performance Evaluation and Economic Analysis of Combinations ofDurability Enhancing Admixtures (Mineral and Chemical) in StructuralConcrete for the Northeast U.S.A.” Final Report (NETC 97-2).http://docs.trb.org/00960060.pdf
UConn (CT DOT Project 96-2) Allyn, M. and Frantz, G. C. “Strength and Durability of Concrete
Containing Salts of Alkenyl-Succinic Acid.” ACI Materials Journal2001; V. 98 (1); 52-58.
Allyn, M. and. Frantz, G.C. “Corrosion Tests with Concrete ContainingSalts of an Alkenyl-Succinic Acid.” ACI Materials Journal 2001, V. 98(3): 224-232.