ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ELECTRIC
TRACTION SUPPLY
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY FROM SUBSTATION TO
PANTOGRAPH… AND BACK
Control strategies
Power Electronics
OVERVIEW
Higher Efficiency
Lower Resistance
more copper in overhead
lines
smaller distances
Higher System Voltage
Brussels - Luxembourg
3 kV 2x25 kV
Norway 1x15 kV
2x15 kV
Netherlands 1.5 kV 3 kV?
Discussion: other system voltages
possible/desirable?
Better Recuperation of Braking Energy
Improve interchange
between trains: RPC, Japan
Energy Storage
•Flywheels
•Battery storage
•Ultracaps
Feed back to utility grid/own grid
•STIB-MIVB, Brussels
Other?
OVERVIEW
• Speakers: • Energy utilisation in a.c. traction power supply system by
introducing RPC (Railway Static Power Conditioner)
Kazumi Nagano, East Japan Railway Company, Japan
• Braking Energy Recovery – from simulations to tangible results
Ricardo Barrero, STIB-MIVB, Belgium
• Energy efficiency by increasing the traction power supply voltage
Fedor ten Harve & Marcel Walraven, ProRail, The Netherlands
Braking Energy Recovery From simulations to tangible results
Ricardo Barrero
Environmental Technology Officer
STIB-MIVB
PRESENTATION AS PREZI
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The next slides are some screen shots from this Prezi.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY
INCREASING THE TRACTION POWER
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MARCEL WALRAVEN AND FEDOR TEN HARVE
Introduction ProRail • Independent
• Railinfrastructure manager
• Railinfra network operator
INTRODUCTION PRORAIL
FACTS & FIGURES
HISTORY OF TRACTION ENERGY
ENERGY USAGE / BALANCE Energy from
public grid
Energy for pantograh
auxiliary systems train
Power for Traction
Energy needed for driving
energy uses air-resistance
energylosses during braking
energy uses mass, friction
Power efficiency installation
Energy losses
Power supply
Catenary
earthing
energy use of assets in the railway
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFECTS
RE-EVALUATION OF TRACTION SYSTEM 2011/2012
rlil bij 1,5 kV
Po
we
r co
nsu
mp
tio
n s
ub
stat
ion
Po
we
r co
nsu
mp
tio
n t
rain
Syst
em
lo
sse
s
Re
gen
. b
reak
Po
we
r co
ns.
su
bst
atio
n
Po
pw
er
con
sum
pti
on
tra
in
N L
Reg
ener
ativ
e b
raki
ng
Savings at substation
by regenerative
breaking at 3 kV
More traction power at 3 kV
rlil bij 1,5 kV
3 kV 100%
regenerative breaking
1500 V Current situation 50% regenerative
breaking
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFECTS less energy
consumption
Power per train Achievable acceleration
ANALYSIS OF TRAVEL TIME SAVINGS EFFECT
MONETARY BENEFITS (INDICATIVE)
Energy
- Efficiency
- More recuperation
- 20 - 22% saving
- 290 GWh/yr or 133 kton CO2/yr
€.. mio/yr
Travel time
- Travel time savings (passenger)
- Excl benefits intercity trains
- Rolling stock reduction
7 - 14 sec saving in timetable per stop
€.. mio/yr
• Exclusing freight and regional traffic
MIGRATION PLAN
COSTS (INDICATIVE)
.. mio .. mio*
.. mio
Exclusing freight and regional traffic
INDICATION OF CASH FLOWS (INDICATIVE)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49Ast
ite
l
Basis variant 3 kV
Baten energiebesparing
baten rijtijden winst
baten co2 reductie
ncw
investering materieel
investering infra
CONCLUSION
• Increasing power supply voltage effects energy
and travel time savings.
• A decision has not made yet
REGENERATIVE ENERGY UTILIZATION
IN A.C. TRACTION POWER SUPPLY
SYSTEM BY INTRODUCING RPC
( RAILWAY STATIC POWER CONDITIONER )
KAZUMI NAGANO
EAST JAPAN RAILWAY COMPANY
OUTLINE
• BACKGROUND
• INTRODUCTION
• BODY
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
• BACKGROUND
• INTRODUCTION
• BODY
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
High Speed Railway
Conventional Railway
A.C. 25kV
D.C. 1.5kV
A.C. 20kV
Tokyo
Sendai
Aomori
Sapporo
Nagoya
Kyoto
Osaka
Akita
Niigata
Hiroshima
Hakata
Nagasaki
Kagoshima
Fukushima
Kumamoto
Morioka
Nagano
Hakodate
TRACTION POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN JAPAN
13.2%
65.6% 21.2%
D.C. traction power supply system is
usually applied in subway and urban area.
A.C. traction power supply system is
usually applied in high speed railway and local line.
East Japan
Railway Company
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1994 2008 2010 2012
vehi
cle
num
ber
year
conventional
regenerative braking, VVVF inverter
TRAIN IN EAST JAPAN RAILWAY COMPANY
90%
Most vehicle use regenerative braking system in 2012.
We have continuingly made effort to reduce energy consumption by
regenerative energy utilization.
JNR 415 series (1971)
JRE 531 series (2005)
REGENERATIVE ENERGY UTILIZATION
• Regenerative inverter
• Energy storage system
• RPC (Railway static Power Conditioner)
Regenerative energy utilization methods
Haijima Substation Energy storage system has
already introduced in DC traction
power supply system.
First Li-ion battery has introduced
at HAIJIMA Substation in
February 2013.
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Consumption power is reduced about 1MWh/day. (5% of total)
Diode Rectifier
(ex. AC1.2kV/DC1.5kV)
Traction Transformer
(ex. AC22kV/AC1.2kV)
Distribution Transformer
(ex. AC22kV/AC6.6kV)
Traction loadsStation and
signaling loadEnergy
Storage
Battery
Battery system is connected to DC 1.5kV bus and charge and
discharge of the batteries are controlled by DC/DC converters.
• Li-ion battery
• battery capacity : 170V, 5.5Ah
• rated capacity : 2000kW
Specification
Figure : circuit configuration of energy storage system
• Regenerative inverter
• Energy storage system
• RPC (Railway static Power Conditioner)
Regenerative energy utilization methods
Hachinohe Substation RPC has already installed some
traction substations for high
speed railway in Japan.
The purpose is not for
regenerative energy utilization.
OUTLINE OF RPC
effective power interchange
var compensation
PT QT
PT + PC PM - PC
QT PC PC
PC QM
QM
PM
Scott connected transformer
inverter inverter
var compensation
Main phase Teaser
RPC
We introduced RPC as regenerative energy utilization for the fist time.
Purpose
• Compensation for three phase unbalance
• Voltage compensation
OUTLINE OF RPC
power grid
Regenerative power is back-flown to the power grid.
Substation Substation
power grid
regenerative powering Neutral section
Sectioning
Post
AC TRACTION POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
The regenerative power is not consumed unless powering train is in the same feeder section.
classify the feeder section between substations
Substation Substation
power grid power grid
regenerative powering
Sectioning
Post
inverter inverter RPC
AC DC AC
Neutral section
It becomes possible to increases the utilization opportunity of the regenerative energy
in ac traction power supply circuits.
AC TRACTION POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
• BACKGROUND
• INTRODUCTION
• BODY
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
High Speed Railway
Conventional Railway
A.C. 25kV
D.C. 1.5kV
A.C. 20kV
Tokyo
Sendai
Aomori
Sapporo
Nagoya
Kyoto
Osaka
Akita
Niigata
Hiroshima
Hakata
Nagasaki
Kagoshima
Fukushima
Kumamoto
Morioka
Nagano
Hakodate
ENVIRONMENT OF USHIKU SECTIONING POST
Tokyo St.
Ueno St.
JOBAN Line
Mito St.
TSUCHIURA
Substation
FUJISHIRO
Substation
USHIKU Sectioning Post
50 km
E531 E657 EH500
Train type local train limited express freight car
Brake type regenerative brake regenerative brake dynamic braking
Number / day 136 74 6
Rated power 3360 kW 3480 kW 3390 kW
10.51 km 14.07 km
Arakawa
oki St.
Tsuchiura
St.
Hitachino
ushiku St.
Sanuki
St.
Ushiku
St.
Fujishiro
St.
Fujishiro
Substation
Tsuchiura
Substation
Ushiku
Sectioning Post
ENVIRONMENT OF USHIKU SECTIONING POST
Teaser
DC
feeding
AC feeding
Ushiku
direction
signal high
voltage
distribution
Fujishiro Substation Tsuchiura Substation
signal high
voltage
distribution
AC feeding
Ushiku
direction
AC
feeding
Main phase
66/22kV 66/6.6kV 66/22kV 66/
6.6kV
66/
1.2kV
ENVIRONMENT OF USHIKU SECTIONING POST
Fujishiro
Substation
Tsuchiura
Substation -9.8MWh -7.0MWh 53.6MWh 92.1MWh
Surplus regenerative power is about 500MWh per month
consumptionsurplus
regenerativeconsumption
surplus
regenerative
53.6 MWh / day -9.8 MWh / day 92.1 MWh / day -7.0 MWh / day
Fujishiro Substation Tsuchiura Substation
regenerative rate : 18.3 % regenerative rate : 7.6 %
ENVIRONMENT OF USHIKU SECTIONING POST
• BACKGROUND
• INTRODUCTION
• BODY
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
CONTROL SYSTEM OF RPC
Teaser
Fujishiro Substation Tsuchiura Substation
Main
phase
Ushiku Sectioning Post
22/
3.25kV
calculate
power
calculate
power
calculate interchange power
When consumption power of a substation is plus and other substation is minus
RPC interchanges regenerative power
22/
3.25kV
RPC
-5
-1 +1
+1
-1
-1 3
+2 +1 -5
+2 +1
+1
-4
-4
+2 +1
+3
Ex2 regenerative:5 , consumption:1 (Fujishiro) / consumption:2 and 1 (Tsuchiura)
RPC
-3
+1 +1
+1
-1
2
+3 +1 -3
+3 +1
+1
-3
-2
+3 +1
+4
Ex1 regenerative:3 , consumption:1 (Fujishiro) / consumption:3 and 1 (Tsuchiura)
+2
+1
+1
CONTROL SYSTEM OF RPC
RPC INV/CONV
DC 6kV
Tr.1
22/3.25kV
Tr.2
22/3.25kV
transformer
INV/CONV
RPC control panel
• rated output : 1.3MVA
• rated voltage : 22 / 3.25kV
• rated frequency : 50Hz
• overload capacity : 5.3MW , 1
min.
• response speed : within 1 sec.
Specification of RPC
CONTROL SYSTEM OF RPC
EFFECT OF INTRODUCING RPC
0
1000
2000
3000
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Pow
er [
kW ]
Time [hour]
Interchange power ( Fujishiro ⇒ Tsuchiura )
0
1000
2000
3000
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Pow
er [
kW ]
Time [hour]
Interchange power ( Tsuchiura ⇒ Fujishiro )
First train Last train
First train Last train
RPC interchanges regenerative power from the first train to the last train.
Figure : Interchange power by RPC for one day
Surplus regenerative power is reduced about 220MWh / month.
Fujishiro TsuchiuraFujishiro →
Tsuchiura
Tsuchiura →
FujishiroTotal
day 1 (Jan. 31) 57.1 MWh 101.3 MWh 4.8 MWh 2.8 MWh 7.6 MWh
day 2 (Feb. 1) 54.1 MWh 101.0 MWh 4.9 MWh 2.7 MWh 7.6 MWh
day 3 (Feb. 2) 44.8 MWh 94.3 MWh 4.0 MWh 2.2 MWh 6.2 MWh
day 4 (Apr. 24) 47.3 MWh 83.5 MWh 4.7 MWh 3.0 MWh 7.7 MWh
day 5 (Apr. 25) 48.8 MWh 85.0 MWh 4.6 MWh 3.1 MWh 7.7 MWh
Interchange powerconsumption power
Table : Interchange power after introducing RPC
delay of trains
RPC will turn a profit after 14 years, when this energy saving effect continues.
Total interchange power is about 7.6MWh / day.
EFFECT OF INTRODUCING RPC
• BACKGROUND
• INTRODUCTION
• BODY
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
CONCLUSION
• RPC has started operation since the February 2014 at
Ushiku sectioning post of Joban Line.
• Before RPC introduction, surplus regenerative power is
about 500MWh per month.
• Surplus regenerative power is reduced about 220MWh per
month by introducing RPC.
FUTURE WORK
• Stable operation of RPC is a future work.
• We verify the effect of RPC continuingly.
This is the end of my presentation.
Thank you for your kind attention.