Scientist’s Notebook
Pen Pencils
Art Supplies
You Need:
Make a list of everything you did this morning from the time you got up until the time you walked into the school.
Did you use any of these things?
What is one thing that they all have in common?
They all involve energy
Energy•The ability to do work or make something happen
But….
What is work?
WorkUsing force
(a push or pull) to make something move through a distance
So energy is…The ability to make something move or make something happen or the ability to do work
What are the different types of energy?List as many as you can think of
in your Scientist’s Notebook.
There are only 2 types of energy:
PotentialKinetic
PotentialKinetic
Potential EnergyEnergy that is stored. Hasn’t been used yet.2 Causes of Potential Energy:
◦1. An object’s position
An object’s position
Caused by gravity
Because of vertical position or height
More height = more energy
(2 Ways)
Potential Energy based on Position
•Caused by Gravity•Because of vertical position or height.•More height = More energy
More height = more energy…Which has more potential
energy?
What about this? When they both finish moving their objects to the top, which object will have more potential energy?
An object’s position
Caused by gravity
Because of vertical position or height
More height = more energy
Position can be like spring or bow and arrow
Because of Elasticity - elastic
(Being stretched beyond its normal position)
(2 Ways)
PE because of PositionBecause of Elasticity - elastic
PE because of position…
PE because of position…gravity or elasticity?
•An object’s condition
Because of its atoms
Like a battery,Gasoline or the bonds between something’s atoms
Potential energy can also be because of an object’s condition.
PotentialKinetic•Energy that is stored•Hasn’t been used yet.•Comes from:• An object’s position
• An object’s condition
Caused by gravity
Because of vertical position or height
More height = more energy
Position can be like spring or bow and arrow
Because of its atoms
Like a battery,Gasoline or the bonds between something’s atoms
Once the energy is put to use it becomes….Kinetic EnergyEnergy in motionEnergy that’s being used
Potential energy (stored energy) gets converted to kinetic energy, (or energy of motion).
More examples….
What are some examples of potential and kinetic energy?
More about Potential and Kinetic Energy
Brainpop on Potential and Kinetic Energy
Now it’s your turn:
•Think of an example of potential and kinetic energy.•You will be making a flip book to illustrate your example.•Let’s make our book first.
Take your white paper and fold it in half horizontally.
•Fold in half again.•Unfold the last fold you made.•Take your scissors and cut along the fold line on the top flap only.
Label one side “Potential Energy” and the other side “Kinetic Energy”
•On your other sheet of white paper, make a practice drawing. Don’t use much detail. It’s not your real one.•Give me the signal to approve it.•Start your real drawing in your flip book.•It must be colored, and your words must be in ink.•Do the whole thing in pencil first, then go over it with markers, colored pencils, etc. (In case you mess up!)
BBC Web Activity
There’s more!
There are 2 types of energy:
Potential Kinetic
Energy can exist in many forms:(Video Clip)
Forms of energy:http://www.brainpop.com/science
/energy/formsofenergy/
Forms of energyMechanical Heat ChemicalElectricalRadiantNuclearSound
Make your notes look like this:
Draw a quick picture of one example of each energy form
Fit 2 energy forms per page!
Mechanical EnergyEnergy of moving objects
Heat (or thermal) Energy•Energy from quick moving molecules or atoms
Chemical•Energy stored in atoms and molecules because of their bonds.•Ex: natural gas, propane, coal, biomass
ElectricalEnergy produced when electrons
flow (or move).Ex: Lightning, electricity
RadiantElectromagnetic energy that
travels in waves through empty space
Ex: light, x-rays, radio waves, solar energy
NuclearEnergy stored in the nucleus of
an atomThe force that holds the neutrons
and protons together is very strong. If you break that bond, it releases LOTS of energy!!
•Intro to Nuclear Energy•Nuclear Medicine•The Bomb
Sound
Sound is energy??? You bet!!Energy that moves in waves
through substances.
Sound energy travels in waves.
Let’s talk more about Heat Energy or Thermal EnergyRemember that it’s the energy
caused by the movement of particles in an object.
Turn to the next available page in your Scientist’s Notebook.
At the top write HEATMake a T-Chart
I knew that! I didn’t know that…
Let’s compare lists.
What is heat?
Energy from an object’s moving particles.
The faster the particles are moving, the more heat energy the matter has.
Thermal Energy
Temperature is…A measure of how fast an
object’s particles are moving.Measured with a thermometer
SO…THERMOMETERS DON’T
MEASURE HEAT. THEY
MEASURE TEMPERATURE!
Heat…Always moves from warmer
matter to cooler matter! Memorize this!!!!
WHEN HEAT MOVES,IT’S CALLED…
Heat Transfer(or How Heat Travels)
•Conduction•Convection•Radiation
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=SCE304
Conduction•When heat moves from particle to particle because they are touching each other.•Happens mostly in solids•Only happens when particles are TOUCHING!!!•Example: A pot on a stove eye heats up because the fast moving particles of the eye bump into the particles of the pot, and the energy is transferred.
•When an object’s particles get heated, the particles move faster and bump into the nearby particles.
Convection•Heat is transferred by the heated matter moving.•Occurs in liquids and gases•Steps:•Matter is heated and becomes less dense.
•Since the heated matter is less dense, it rises.•The cooler matter slides in to take its place.
Convection, cont.•Example: Boiling water- The water at the bottom is heated, expands, becomes less dense, then rises. The water above is still cool, so it sinks
Convection causes thunderheads.
Convection causes wind – especially at the beach!
Convection helps us heat our home, cool our food, and even cook our food!
Radiation•When heat moves (or radiates) through empty space.•Doesn’t need to travel through matter like conduction or convection.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/energy/energytransferrev6.shtml
Links about heat transfer
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=SCE304
Discovery Science – Heat Transfer