European Renaissance and ReformationChapter 17
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance•Italy’s Advantages
Renaissance – revival of art and learning
▫City-States Overseas trading led to the
growth of larch cities in northern Italy
▫Merchants and the Medici▫Looking to Greece and
Rome
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance• Classical and Worldly Values
▫ Classics Lead to Humanism An intellectual movement that
focused on human potential and achievements
▫ Worldly Pleasures Secular – worldly rather than
spiritual and concerned with the here and now
▫ Patrons of the Arts Patrons – financial supporters
▫ The Renaissance Man A man who excelled in many
fields▫ The Renaissance Woman
Know the classics and be charming
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance•The Renaissance
Revolutionizes Art Perspective – technique
using three dimensions on a flat surface
▫Realistic Painting and Sculpture
▫Leonardo, Renaissance Man
▫Raphael Advance Realism
▫Anguissola and Gentilischi
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance•Renaissance Writers
Change Literature Vernacular – native language
▫Petrarch and Boccaccio▫Machiavelli Advises Rulers
The Prince▫Vittoria Colonna
The Courtier
The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance•The Northern
Renaissance Begins
•Artistic Ideas Spread▫German Painters
Albrecht Durer Hans Holbein
▫Flemish Painters Jan van Eyck Piter Bruegel
The Northern Renaissance•Northern Writers Try
to Reform Society▫Christian Humanists
Desiderius Erasmus Thomas More
Utopia▫Women Reformers
Christine de Pizan•The Elizabethan Age
▫William Shakespeare
The Northern Renaissance•Printing Spreads
Renaissance Ideas▫Gutenberg Improves
the Printing Process•The Legacy of the
Renaissance▫Changes in the Arts
Secular and religious Realistic and lifelike Vernacular
▫Changes in Society Available information Desire for learning
Luther Leads the Reformation•Causes of the
Reformation Spread of secular ideas Resentment of paying
church taxes▫Criticisms of the
Catholic Church Extravagant spending
on personal pleasure and fighting wars
▫Early Calls for Reform John Wycliffe, Jan Hus,
Desiderius Erasmus, and Thomas More
Luther Leads the Reformation• Luther Challenges the
Church▫The 95 Theses
Indulgence – pardon from sin
Reformation – a movement for religious reform
▫Luther’s Teachings People could win salvation
only by faint in God’s forgiveness.
All Church teachings should be based on the Bible
All people with faith were equal.
Luther Leads the Reformation• The Response to Luther
▫The Pope’s Threat Pope Leo X excommunicated
Luther▫The Emperor’s Opposition
Charles V brought Luther to Worms to stand trial
Edict of Worms – Luther was a heretic and an outlaw
▫The Peasants’ Revolt German peasants were encouraged
to try to end serfdom by Luther’s teaching on Christian freedom
▫Germany at War Protestant princes vs. Catholic
princes Peace of Augsburg
Luther Leads the Reformation• England Becomes Protestant
▫ Henry VIII Wants a Son No woman had successfully claimed
the English throne Anul – set aside Catherine was Charles V’s aunt
▫ The Reformation Parliament Act of Supremacy – Henry would be
the head of England’s church▫ Consequences of Henry’s Changes
Edward was 9 and died at 15 Mary restored the pope’s power but
met heavy resistance Elizabeth took the throne in 1558
▫ Elizabeth Restores Protestantism Anglican Church – Church of
England▫ Elizabeth Faces Other Challenges
The Reformation Continues• Calvin Continues the
Reformation▫Calvin Formalizes Protestant
Ideas Predestination – the belief
that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved and chooses those to save
▫Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerland Theocracy – a government
controlled by religious leaders
▫Calvinism Spreads Presbyterians – followers of
the Scottish preacher John Knox
The Reformation Continues•Other Protestant Reformers
▫The Anabaptists Believed that persons who had been baptized as
children should be rebaptized as adults▫Women’s Role in the Reformation
The Reformation Continues•The Catholic
Reformation Catholic Reformation
▫Ignatius of Loyola Jesuits – founded
schools throughout Europe, convert non-Christians to Catholicism, stop the spread of Protestantism
▫Reforming Popes – Pope Paul III and Pope Paul IV Council of Trent
The Reformation Continues•The Legacy of the
Reformation▫Religious and Social
Effects of the Reformation
▫Political Effects of the Reformation