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(gynvcurrensect` 2007)| iumliaelig dagger_DaggerKB wZbwU `vexDaggerK daggerKrsaquo`ordf KDaggeri G AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb `vbv daggereuDaggera DDaggerV hvDaggerZ Gme
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(Faruque 2017)| weweqvbv MumlvmDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK fviDaggerZ Mumlvm iszligvwbi weiaeligDaggertimes 2002-2003 mvDaggerj
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2005 8 wWDaggermcurren^i 2005)| 2 G mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerZ dagger`LybDaggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbRmcurrenuacute` I we`umlyr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwUi daggergwbDaggerdDaggerdividev daggerNvlYv I
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2005 mvDaggerji GwcOumlj dagger_DaggerK 2006 mvDaggerji RyjvB chcopyšIacute macrrsquovbxq I RvZxq msMVKDagger`i dyjevox
I XvKvq AvDaggerqvwRZ bvbv Kgcopym~wPi RevDaggere miKvi I Gwkqv GbvwRcopy daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac daggerbqwb|3
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RbMY wKsev AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi msMVKiv miKvwi daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv dagger`LDaggerZ cvbwb| AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi ZxeordfZv
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2006 mvDaggerji 26 AvMdivide dyjevoxDaggerZ Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Awdm daggerNivI Kgcopym~wPi DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml wecyj
msLumlK (60-70 nvRvi) gvbyDaggerli mgvDaggerekDaggerK daggerKrsaquo`ordf KDaggeri daggerh mwnsm NUbv NDaggerU Zvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ
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G Lwb mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ bvbv welqvejx MZ GK `kDaggerKiI daggerewk mgq aDaggeri GKUv cOumlkœwetimes cOumlKDaggeriacutei macrsectviK
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bvbv `wjjcIcirc m~sup2fvDaggere cixparav-wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| hviv G Lwbi weiaeligDaggertimes 2005 mvj dagger_DaggerK
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cvV Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2009-2012 mvDaggerj yB cDaggerecopy daggerjLv dyjevox AAcircDaggerj AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvix I rsquovbxq
bvbv daggerckvi kni I MOumlvDaggergi gvbylDagger`i mvparavrKvi Daggerbqv nq| 2013 mvDaggerj XvKvq AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvix
msMVDaggerbi Kgcopyx I msMVKDagger`i KDaggerqKRb Avw`evmxDagger`i AwaKvi welqK Kgcopyx I LumlvZbvgv
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Kivi Rbuml 2015 mvDaggerj cybivq wKQy mvparavrKvi daggerbqv nq| cvkvcvwk G welDaggerq 2004-2017
mgqKvDaggerj dyjevox I XvKv dagger_DaggerK cOumlKvwkZ msev`cDaggerIcirci bvbv cOumlwZDaggere`bI eumlenvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
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macrrsquovbxq cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai fvlv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ PZz_copy AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger`| cAcircg AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger` Riexclvjvwb
wbivcEumlvq macrrsquovbxq Kqjvi eumlenvi welqK `vcyDaggerU eqvDaggerb Khellipwl I `vwi`ordfuml welqDaggerK AeDaggernjv Kivi
cOumleYZv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvKcvZ Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| mecopyDaggerkl AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger` G Lwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei bvbv welDaggerq wKQy
weDaggerkoslashlY hysup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ GLvDaggerb LwbRmcurrenuacute` eumlemacrrsquovcbvq wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerYi ivRbwZK A_copybxwZ I
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3 Dcišlsquo ZrKvjxb cOumlavbgšiquestx w`bvRcyDaggeri GK mgvDaggereDaggerk 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm daggerNvlYv dagger`b daggerh miKvi dyjevox Lwb
ZwiDaggerZ etimescwiKi (dagger`Lyb daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g cvZv)|
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125
2| dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKiacute
1990 cieZcopyx mgDaggerq MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZK eumlemacrrsquovi ElvjDaggerMœ Avwki `kDaggerK mvgwiK AvgDaggerj
iumliaelig nIqv A_copybwZK D`vixKiYI `ordfaeligZ MwZDaggerZ hvIcircv iumliaelig KDaggeri| Gi GKwU cOumlavb jparauml nDaggerrdquoQ
macrrsquovbxq Drcv`b wecYb I eumlemacrrsquovcbvq weDagger`kx cyuwRi wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi c_ myMg Kiv (World Bank
1992)| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh 1980 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml daggerek D`vi bxwZ
MOumlnY KDaggeri AvBb cvm KDaggeri (MLJPA 1980)| G AvBbDaggerK DaggerKrsaquo ordf KDaggeri Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ wekbrvbareumlvsDaggerKi
A_copy mvnvDaggerhuml I KvwiMwi mnDaggerhvwMZvq daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvDaggerbi Rbuml weDagger`kx cyuwR AvKlcopyDaggerYi bvbv
daggerPoacutev PvjvDaggerbv nq (World Bank 1991)| 1982 mvDaggerjB wekbrvbareumlvsK I BDGbwWwc hysup3fvDaggere
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvZ wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYv KDaggeri GLvDaggerZ iszligvwbgyLx weDagger`kx cyuwRi wewbDaggerqvM
wbfcopyi GKUv KvVvDaggergv `vuo KivDaggerbvi civgkcopy Dagger`q (World Bank 1982)| KDaggerqK eQDaggerii gDaggerauml
weDagger`kx daggerZjMumlvm daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK AvKbdquooacute Kivi Rbuml GKUv Drcv`b-eEgraveb Pywsup3i gDaggerWjI uvo KivDaggerbv
nq Ges XvKv jUcircb I wnDdivideDaggerb cOumlDaggergvkbvj daggermwgbvDaggerii AvDaggerqvRb Kiv nq (World Bank 1991)|
GZ`mDaggerEumliexclI weDagger`kx cyuwRi daggerZgb mvov daggergDaggerjwb mcurrencenteZ mvgwiK kvmDaggerbi weiaeligDaggertimes ivRbwZK
cOumlwZcDaggerparai bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY| 1990 Gi cDaggeri kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi cwieZcopyDaggerbi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ Hme
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb evsjvDagger`Daggerk AvmDaggerZ iumliaelig KDaggeri | ZvDagger`i KgcopyKvETHDaggerK ZiexclivwšZ Kivi jDaggerparauml Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq
RvZxq daggercDaggerUlaquovwjqvg bxwZ 1993 Ges RvZxq Riexclvjvwb bxwZ 1996 bullZwi KDaggeri (Bmjvg 2001)|
Gi gvaumlDaggerg miKvi GLvDaggerZ beuml D`vixKiY avivi bxwZ KvVvDaggergv daggerRvi`vi KiDaggerZ _vDaggerK| GB bxwZ
KvVvDaggergvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbI weDagger`kx cyuwRi wewbDaggerqvM AZumlšIacute KvwbullyumlZ wQj| 1994
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq ADaggerdividelaquojxq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb weGBPwci mvDagger_ evsjvDagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj Kqjv
AbymUumlvDaggerbi Rbuml Pywsup3 KDaggeri| weGBPwc 1997 mvDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv Lwb Avweregvi KDaggeri| iumliaelig
dagger_DaggerKB weGBPwci cwiKiacutebv wQj Kqjvi mUumlvb daggercDaggerj Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ gvwU Lbb KDaggeri Kqjv
DDaggerEumlvjb Kiv nDaggere| mvaviYZ Kqjvi MfxiZv Kg nDaggerjB Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kiv hvq| wKšlsquo
dyjevoxDaggerZ weGBPwci Avkv Abyhvqx 130 wgUvi MfxiZvi gDaggerauml Kqjv cvIqv hvqwb | Kqjvi
MfxiZv 150 wgUvDaggerii AwaK nIqvq weGBPwc Lwb DbœqDaggerbi cwiKiacutebv ev` w`Daggerq evsjvDagger`k dagger_DaggerK
Zvi eumlemv cedilwUDaggerq daggerbq (DaggerWBwj dividevi 28 AMvdivide 2006 cOuml_g cvZv)|4
evsjvDagger`k dagger_DaggerK me wKQy cedilwUDaggerq daggerbevi AvDaggerM weGBPwc dyjevox cOumlKiacute msmicrovšIacute me MDaggerelYv
miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ macrvparawiZ Pywsup3 I Gi AaxDaggerb cvIqv AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacutemg~n ADaggerdividelaquojxq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb
Gwkqv GbvwRcopy KDaggerccopyvDaggerikb (evsjvDagger`k) daggercOumlvcOumlvBUix wjwgDaggerUDaggerWi KvDaggerQ wewmicro KDaggeri dagger`q| evsjvDagger`k
miKvi weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3i kZcopy daggergvZvDaggereK GB n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ Pywsup3etimes nq 1998 mvDaggerji daggerdeordfaeligqvwi gvDaggerm| evsjvDagger`Daggerki we`umlgvb Lwb
wewagvjv Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerb daggerKvDaggerbv Pywsup3 nDaggerj Zv hZ kxNordf mcurrencente daggerMDaggerRU AvKvDaggeri cOumlKvDaggerki weavb
AvDaggerQ| dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ weGBPwci Pywsup3 I jvBDaggermYacute n IacutevšIacutei welDaggerq
4 evsjvDagger`k dagger_DaggerK eumlemv cedilwUDaggerq wbDaggerjI weGBPwc Zvi Avw_copyK macr^v_copy RwoDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ G cOumlKDaggeriacutei mvDagger_ fwelumlDaggerZ
dyjevox Lwb dagger_DaggerK Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb KiDaggerj cOuml_g AvU wgwjqb Ub Kqjvi Rbuml kZKiv 1 fvM nvDaggeri iqumlvjwU weGBPwc
cvDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ Pywsup3 iDaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004a)|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
126
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Pywsup3etimes nevi welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv daggerMDaggerRU cOumlKvwkZ nqwb| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq MwVZ GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU daggerMDaggerRU wbDaggerq Zjoslashvwm iumliaelig KiDaggerj H mvDaggerji Ryb gvDaggerm Pywsup3
macr^vparaDaggerii 8 eQDaggeriiI daggerewk mgq cDaggeri mswparaszlig GKwU daggerMDaggerRU cOumlKvk Kiv nq|5
weGBPwci KvQ dagger_DaggerK gumlvDaggerbRDaggergrsaquoU evB-AvDU ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKDaggeriacutei Pywsup3
MDaggerelYv I AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute wKDaggerb daggerbevi mgq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi g~j cwiKiacutebv wQj macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri
Kqjvi Pvwn`v c~iDaggerYi wbwgDaggerEuml GKUv f~Mfcopy rsquo ctimeswZi (eo cyKywiqv Lwbi gDaggerZv) Lwb Zwi Kivi
(Islam 2008)| daggermRbuml 2000 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wKQy f~ZvwEumliexclK MDaggerelYv KDaggeri Lwb
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy AviI Z_uml msMOumln KDaggeri| 2001 mvDaggerji ci bZyb miKvDaggerii KvQ dagger_DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb bullZwi Kivi Avkbrvbarvm daggercDaggerq AviI wKQy KvwiMwi mgxparav KDaggeri| Gi AvDaggerjvDaggerK
2003 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK evwlcopyK 9 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi UvDaggerMcopyU KDaggeri hvi 6 wgwjqb Ub dagger`Daggerk
we`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi Rbuml eumlenvi nDaggere evwK 3 wgwjqb Ub rsquovbxq Abumlvbuml Pvwn`v (BDaggerUi fvUv)
c~iDaggerYi Rbuml mieivn Kiv nDaggere (AEC 2004b)| G mgDaggerq AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK evRvDaggeri bvbv LwbR
c`vDagger_copyi `vg eumlvcK nvDaggeri evoDaggerZ _vDaggerK| Kqjvi evRvi DrdquoPgyLx nIqvq I Gwkqvi evRvDaggeri weDaggerkl
KDaggeri Pxb I fviDaggerZ Kqjvi Pvwn`v eumlvcK nvDaggeri evovq Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Zvi wewbDaggerqvM cwiKiacutebv
cwieZcopyb Kij | G bZyb cwiKiacutebv Abyhvqx evwlcopyK 15 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv Drcv`b Kiv nDaggere hvi
12 wgwjqb Ub fviZmn Gwkqvi Abumlvbuml dagger`Daggerk iszligvwb Kiv nDaggere 3 wgwjqb Ub w`Daggerq macrrsquovbxqfvDaggere
we`yumlr Drcv`b (AbwaK 500 daggergMv IqvU) I Abumlvbuml Pvwn`v (BDaggerUi fvUvi eumlenvi) c~iY Kiv
nDaggere (AEC 2004b)| macrrsquovbxq Pvwn`v c~iDaggerYi cwieDaggerZcopy iszligvwbi gvaumlDaggerg AwaK AvDaggerqi jDaggerparaumlB
AMOumlmi nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopy|6 Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi mcurrensectwZ daggercDaggerq 2004 mvDaggerji AvMdivide gvDaggerm G
gvDaggerci Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi jDaggerparauml Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2 eQi daggergqvw` mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparavi KvR iumliaelig KiDaggerjI
`ordfaeligZ (2007 mvDaggerji gDaggeraumlB) Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig Kivi Rbuml 1 eQDaggeriiI Kg mgDaggerqi gDaggerauml Gme
mgxparav daggerkl KDaggeri 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerq AbyDaggergv`Daggerbi Rbuml Rgv dagger`q
(AECB 2006)| Abumlw`DaggerK Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml cyuwR msMOumlDaggerni DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml 2004 mvDaggerji GwcOumlj
gvDaggerm jUcircb divideK GKDaggerPDaggerAuml Awafysup3 nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyOtildei cumlvDaggerirsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wcGjwm
hv eZcopygvDaggerb wRwmGg wiDaggermvDaggermcopym wcGjwm bvDaggerg cwiwPZ (AEC 2004a wRwmGg 2010)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopy dyjevoxDaggerZ Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere daggerhme w`K DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri7
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(Howladar 2016382)| 24
GK msev` cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh 1991-1995 mgqKvDaggerj G Lwbi wWRvBb I Pywsup3 PyovšIacute Kivi mgq
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142
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25
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143
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msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
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ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
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26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
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daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
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144
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29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
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31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
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miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
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miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
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GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
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(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
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PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
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we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
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32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
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daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
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2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
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wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
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iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
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jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
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(2011-2015) wQj|
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34
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2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
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147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
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nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
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cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivLDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I miKvDaggerii bxwZwbacopyviKiv daggerh esup3euml cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei `wjjcIcirc mg_copyb KDaggeri bv| Avi Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq daggerhDaggernZy Avjv`v KDaggeri G Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3i OcircAZumlšIacute D`viOtilde kDaggerZcopyi KviDaggerY evsjvDagger`k G dagger_DaggerK Lye
jvfevb nDaggere Zv ejv hvq bv| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb mg~Daggerni mvDagger_ Mwie dagger`kcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ LwbR
mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml macr^vparawiZ wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB Hme dagger`Daggerki wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb bv
daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
nq (AvwdlaquoKvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ G wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYvi Rbuml dagger`Lyb Burgis 2015)|35
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
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wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi OcircgvBjdjKOtilde wnDaggermDaggere cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQ| H cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh ZvDagger`i
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki AvDaggeriKwU iszligvwb cYuml (AEC 2004)| wKšlsquo Kqjv iszligvwb dagger_DaggerK daggerK jvfevb nDaggere
Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml Gwkqv GbvwRcopy miKviDaggerK daggerKvDaggerbv Uumlvmiddot dagger`Daggere bv (Dagger`Lyb ingvb
2012)|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq RbcwimDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i Zwi
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Gi mDaggerfrac12 mswkoslashoacute weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi wekvj Ae`vb _vKDaggere| Daggerhgb cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb mieivDaggerni
msKU jvNe nDaggere we` yumlDaggerZi NvUwZRwbZ KviDaggerY wkiacute-KviLvbvq Drcv`b eumlvnZ nDaggere bv| Gwkqv
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hvDaggere eDaggerj gDaggerb nq bv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb PvBDaggerj me Kqjv iszligvwb KiDaggerZ cviDaggere (Dagger`Lyb ingvb 2012)|
35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
mhellipoacute parawZ c~iDaggerYi jDaggerparauml AwmiddotDaggerWrsaquoUvDaggerji KvQ dagger_DaggerK A_copy Av`vDaggerqi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb wcGmwmDaggerZ wQj bv| dDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
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AwmiddotDaggerWrsaquoUvjI Zvi `vq macr^xKvi KDaggeriwb|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
149
weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM cOumlDaggerkœ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri _vDaggerK DaggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki (45 kZvsk)
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IqvwKenvj Zviv RvDaggerbb Kx KDaggeri eucircRvwZK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi PZyi wnmve-wbKvk ZvDagger`i jvDaggerfi Afrac14DaggerK
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cvDaggeri bv| ZvB KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki dagger_DaggerK wekvj jvDaggerfi G Abygvb LyeB mijxKhellipZ (ingvb 2012)|
mvcurrencOumlwZK GKUv D`vniY GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashL KiDaggerj GwU eySDaggerZ myweav nDaggere | 2012 mvDaggerj
hysup3ivRuml miKvi AevK nDaggerq dagger`Lj daggerh cedilMj AumlvgvRb I dividevievDaggermiddoti gDaggerZv RMwOslashLumlvZ eucircRvwZK
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dagger`Daggerk IB A_copyeQDaggeri ZvDagger`i jvDaggerfi cwigvY ADaggerbK Kg wQj| AvmDaggerj Gme daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb RwUj
GKvDwrsaquoUs wmDaggerdivideg eumlenvi KDaggeri H dagger`Daggerk AwRcopyZ jvDaggerfi eo GKUv Ask Abuml dagger`Daggerk cvwVDaggerq w`Daggerq
KDaggerii cwigvY KwgDaggerq daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ| miKvwi Ki cOumlkvmDaggerbi wKQyB Kivi daggerbB daggerKbbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv
daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Ki cOumlkvmb wbethqB hysup3ivDaggerRumli gDaggerZv kwsup3kvjx bq
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Riexclvjvwb mcurrenuacute` welDaggerq Pywsup3 Kivi AvDaggerM weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi PZyi AvBbRxexAumlvKvDrsaquoUumlvDaggerrsaquoUi mDaggerfrac12
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2008)| GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`b gDaggerZ Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Zviv OcircAdDaggerkvi
AumlvKvDrsaquoUOtilde-Gi gvaumlDaggerg Kqjv wewmicroi daggerjbDagger`b KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb (wRwmGg 2010)| mvcurrencOumlwZK mgDaggerq
Ocirccvbvgv daggerccvimOtilde I OcirccumlvivWvBm daggerccvimOtilde daggerKDaggerjfrac14vwi AvgvDagger`i gDaggerb KwiDaggerq dagger`q eucircRvwZK
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv OcircAdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUOtilde daggerKb eumlenvi KDaggeri|
mcurrencOumlwZ dvum nIqv daggerMvcb bw_cIcirc daggerNuDaggerU AvwdlaquoKv AAcircDaggerji MYgvaumlDaggerg KgcopyiZ BrsaquoUvibumlvkbvj
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LwbRmcurrenuacute` DDaggerEumlvjDaggerb wbDaggerqvwRZ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv Ki dvuwK dagger`qvi Rbuml OcircUumlvmiddot daggernDaggerfbOtilde bvDaggerg cwiwPZ
dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
DDaggerjoslashLuml AdDaggerkvi
AumlvKvDrsaquoU welDaggerq weGBPwc ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii mDaggerfrac12 weDaggerkl dagger`b`ievi KDaggeriwQj (wRwmGg
2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
AeKvkmn Abumlvbuml myweav w`DaggerqDaggerQ| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerk weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM wbDaggerq RvwZmsDaggerNi
evwYRuml I Dbœqb-welqK msmacrrsquovi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK dagger`qv Ki AeKvk myweavi
mgvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (UNCTAD 201378-79)| Gme welq weDaggerePbvq wbDaggerq ejv hvq G
aiDaggerbi Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL KqjvLwbi AbyDaggergv`b w`Daggerq we yumlr msKU jvNe KDaggeri gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`k
nIqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc mdj nIqv hvDaggere bv| Avi A_copybwZK AMOumlMwZDaggerZ G aiDaggerbi Pywsup3DaggerKwrsaquo ordfK weDagger`kx
wewbDaggerqvM KZUv Ae`vb ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri G welDaggerq GKRb LumlvZbvgv A_copybxwZwe` h_v_copyfvDaggereB
eDaggerjDaggerQb daggerh cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacuteDagger` weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi mydj wbfcopyi KDaggeri Kx aiDaggerbi wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3
36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi Ici| Kviv Pywsup3 KiDaggerQ wK kDaggerZcopy Pywsup3 nDaggerrdquoQ Pywsup3 mcurrenuacutev`Daggerb cOumlwmicroqv macr^rdquoQ wQj wKbv-
Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
cwjwmDaggerZ wewfbœ macr^v_copymswkoslashoacute welDaggerqi PvDaggerc ADaggerbK mgq OcircehellipnEumli Rbmacrv_copyOtilde msiwparaZ nq bv|
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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wbDaggerq fveDaggerZ nDaggere| 2005 mvj dagger_DaggerK macrrsquovbxq gvbyl I cDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK msMVb
GDaggerZ daggerhvM w`Daggerq ZvuDagger`i `vexcedilDaggerjvi ivRbwZK I A_copybwZK wfwEumlDaggerK kwsup3kvjx KDaggeriDaggerQb| wecyj
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eDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY 10 eQi cDaggeri nDaggerjI macr^xKvi KDaggeriDaggerQb| 2012 mvDaggerji daggerkDaggerli
w`DaggerK Riexclvjvwb DcDagger`oacutev gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib daggerh eucircRvwZK ev weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb evsjvDagger`Daggerki macrv_copy myiparav
KiDaggere bv ZvB G wbDaggerq miKvi MfxifvDaggere me cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy welqvewj chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KiDaggere (`uml
BwUcircDaggercDaggerUcircrsaquoU 27 bDaggerfcurren^i 2012)| GKB mvDagger_ f~MDaggerfcopyi cvwb eumlemacrrsquovcbv welDaggerqI Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq
ADaggerbK mZKcopy nDaggerqDaggerQ G wbDaggerq yDaggerUv mgxparav KDaggeriDaggerQ| Rwg I cvwb evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lv`uml wbivcEumlvi G
`yB AZumlvekumlKxq Dcv`vb wbDaggerq mZKcopyfvDaggere GDaggerMvDaggerZ nDaggere dagger`wiDaggerZ nDaggerjI evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY GwU macr^xKvi KDaggeriDaggerQb| macrrsquovbxq I RvZxq chcopyvDaggerq kwsup3kvjx MYAvDaggerrsaquo`vjb eRvq
_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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bq| GwU GKB mvDagger_ GKwU ivRbwZK welq Ges Gi weiaeligDaggertimes jovB GKwU ivRbwZK jovB|
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GKBfvDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki MYZvwšiquestK ivoacutelaquo KvVvDaggergvq paragZv ejDaggerqi evwnDaggeri _vKv gvbylDagger`i Avkv
AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
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bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
DbœqDaggerb AwfAacuteZvnxb daggerKvDaggerbv GKUv daggerKvcurrenuacutewbi mvDagger_ AmacrrdquoQ cOumlwmicroqvq wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
macrrsquovbxq gvbyl RvwbDaggerq w`DaggerqDaggerQ| G mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy XvKvi bvbv GwjU gnDaggerji aviYv AZumlšIacute aringvšIacute| gvV
MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
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____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
124
2005 mvDaggerji GwcOumlj dagger_DaggerK 2006 mvDaggerji RyjvB chcopyšIacute macrrsquovbxq I RvZxq msMVKDagger`i dyjevox
I XvKvq AvDaggerqvwRZ bvbv Kgcopym~wPi RevDaggere miKvi I Gwkqv GbvwRcopy daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac daggerbqwb|3
DDaggerjoslashLuml iumliaelig dagger_DaggerKB Lwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei me KgcopyKvETH Gwkqv GbvwRcopy GKKfvDaggereB PvwjDaggerqDaggerQ Ges macrrsquovbxq
RbMY wKsev AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi msMVKiv miKvwi daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv dagger`LDaggerZ cvbwb| AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi ZxeordfZv
mDaggerEumliexclI daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi KgcopyKvETH GwMDaggerq hvIqvi KviDaggerY macrrsquovbxq I RvZxq msMVKDagger`i wgwjZ DDagger`umlvDaggerM
2006 mvDaggerji 26 AvMdivide dyjevoxDaggerZ Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Awdm daggerNivI Kgcopym~wPi DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml wecyj
msLumlK (60-70 nvRvi) gvbyDaggerli mgvDaggerekDaggerK daggerKrsaquo`ordf KDaggeri daggerh mwnsm NUbv NDaggerU Zvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ
evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` I Riexclvjvwb wbivcEumlv msmicrovšIacute AvDaggerjvPbvq dyjevox KqjvLwb GKUv cOumlavb
welq nDaggerq IDaggerV| gvV MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq miKvi I Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G cOumlKiacuteDaggerK dagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi
Rbuml BwZevPKfvDaggere wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LDaggerjI rsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi daggerewkifvM Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbRmcurrenuacute` I
we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwUi msMVK I Kgcopyxiv GDaggerK AZumlšIacute daggerbwZevPK wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LDaggerQb| dDaggerj
G Lwb mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ bvbv welqvejx MZ GK `kDaggerKiI daggerewk mgq aDaggeri GKUv cOumlkœwetimes cOumlKDaggeriacutei macrsectviK
wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ nDaggerq AvDaggerQ|
G iKg daggercOumlyumlvcDaggerU G cOumleDaggerUuml dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv emacrIacuteywbocirc weDaggerkoslashlY Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ| GRbuml evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb I cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi bvbv cOumlwZDaggere`b I Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
bvbv `wjjcIcirc m~sup2fvDaggere cixparav-wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| hviv G Lwbi weiaeligDaggertimes 2005 mvj dagger_DaggerK
cOumlwZDaggeriva AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb KDaggeri hvDaggerrdquoQb ZvDagger`i AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ bvbv `wjj ` IacutevDaggereRI msDaggerhvM w`Daggerq
cvV Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2009-2012 mvDaggerj yB cDaggerecopy daggerjLv dyjevox AAcircDaggerj AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvix I rsquovbxq
bvbv daggerckvi kni I MOumlvDaggergi gvbylDagger`i mvparavrKvi Daggerbqv nq| 2013 mvDaggerj XvKvq AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvix
msMVDaggerbi Kgcopyx I msMVKDagger`i KDaggerqKRb Avw`evmxDagger`i AwaKvi welqK Kgcopyx I LumlvZbvgv
KDaggerqKRb Riexclvjvwb weDaggerklDaggerAacutei mvparavZKvi daggerbqv nq| gvV chcopyvDaggerq msMhellipnxZ Z_umlvejx nvjbvMv`
Kivi Rbuml 2015 mvDaggerj cybivq wKQy mvparavrKvi daggerbqv nq| cvkvcvwk G welDaggerq 2004-2017
mgqKvDaggerj dyjevox I XvKv dagger_DaggerK cOumlKvwkZ msev`cDaggerIcirci bvbv cOumlwZDaggere`bI eumlenvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
cOumleUumlwUDaggerK KDaggerqKwU fvDaggerM mvRvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ| fsbquowgKvi ci wOslashZxq AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger` dyjevox Kqjv
cOumlKiacute mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wKQy Z_uml ZyDaggerj aiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| wKfvDaggere Gi hvIcircv iumliaelig nDaggerq AvRDaggerKi weDaggerivac~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq
GDaggerm nvwRi nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv ejvi daggerPoacutev Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| ZhellipZxq AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger` evsjvDagger`Daggerk Kqjvi gRy` welDaggerq
RbcwimDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq daggerh wearingvwšIacute AvDaggerQ Zv ZyDaggerj aiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dyjevox KqjvLwbi weiaeligDaggertimes
macrrsquovbxq cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai fvlv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ PZz_copy AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger`| cAcircg AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger` Riexclvjvwb
wbivcEumlvq macrrsquovbxq Kqjvi eumlenvi welqK `vcyDaggerU eqvDaggerb Khellipwl I `vwi`ordfuml welqDaggerK AeDaggernjv Kivi
cOumleYZv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvKcvZ Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| mecopyDaggerkl AbyDaggerrdquoQDagger` G Lwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei bvbv welDaggerq wKQy
weDaggerkoslashlY hysup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ GLvDaggerb LwbRmcurrenuacute` eumlemacrrsquovcbvq wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerYi ivRbwZK A_copybxwZ I
`ybcopyxwZ welDaggerq AvDaggerjvKcvZ Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
3 Dcišlsquo ZrKvjxb cOumlavbgšiquestx w`bvRcyDaggeri GK mgvDaggereDaggerk 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm daggerNvlYv dagger`b daggerh miKvi dyjevox Lwb
ZwiDaggerZ etimescwiKi (dagger`Lyb daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g cvZv)|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
125
2| dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKiacute
1990 cieZcopyx mgDaggerq MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZK eumlemacrrsquovi ElvjDaggerMœ Avwki `kDaggerK mvgwiK AvgDaggerj
iumliaelig nIqv A_copybwZK D`vixKiYI `ordfaeligZ MwZDaggerZ hvIcircv iumliaelig KDaggeri| Gi GKwU cOumlavb jparauml nDaggerrdquoQ
macrrsquovbxq Drcv`b wecYb I eumlemacrrsquovcbvq weDagger`kx cyuwRi wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi c_ myMg Kiv (World Bank
1992)| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh 1980 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml daggerek D`vi bxwZ
MOumlnY KDaggeri AvBb cvm KDaggeri (MLJPA 1980)| G AvBbDaggerK DaggerKrsaquo ordf KDaggeri Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ wekbrvbareumlvsDaggerKi
A_copy mvnvDaggerhuml I KvwiMwi mnDaggerhvwMZvq daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvDaggerbi Rbuml weDagger`kx cyuwR AvKlcopyDaggerYi bvbv
daggerPoacutev PvjvDaggerbv nq (World Bank 1991)| 1982 mvDaggerjB wekbrvbareumlvsK I BDGbwWwc hysup3fvDaggere
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvZ wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYv KDaggeri GLvDaggerZ iszligvwbgyLx weDagger`kx cyuwRi wewbDaggerqvM
wbfcopyi GKUv KvVvDaggergv `vuo KivDaggerbvi civgkcopy Dagger`q (World Bank 1982)| KDaggerqK eQDaggerii gDaggerauml
weDagger`kx daggerZjMumlvm daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK AvKbdquooacute Kivi Rbuml GKUv Drcv`b-eEgraveb Pywsup3i gDaggerWjI uvo KivDaggerbv
nq Ges XvKv jUcircb I wnDdivideDaggerb cOumlDaggergvkbvj daggermwgbvDaggerii AvDaggerqvRb Kiv nq (World Bank 1991)|
GZ`mDaggerEumliexclI weDagger`kx cyuwRi daggerZgb mvov daggergDaggerjwb mcurrencenteZ mvgwiK kvmDaggerbi weiaeligDaggertimes ivRbwZK
cOumlwZcDaggerparai bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY| 1990 Gi cDaggeri kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi cwieZcopyDaggerbi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ Hme
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb evsjvDagger`Daggerk AvmDaggerZ iumliaelig KDaggeri | ZvDagger`i KgcopyKvETHDaggerK ZiexclivwšZ Kivi jDaggerparauml Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq
RvZxq daggercDaggerUlaquovwjqvg bxwZ 1993 Ges RvZxq Riexclvjvwb bxwZ 1996 bullZwi KDaggeri (Bmjvg 2001)|
Gi gvaumlDaggerg miKvi GLvDaggerZ beuml D`vixKiY avivi bxwZ KvVvDaggergv daggerRvi`vi KiDaggerZ _vDaggerK| GB bxwZ
KvVvDaggergvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbI weDagger`kx cyuwRi wewbDaggerqvM AZumlšIacute KvwbullyumlZ wQj| 1994
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq ADaggerdividelaquojxq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb weGBPwci mvDagger_ evsjvDagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj Kqjv
AbymUumlvDaggerbi Rbuml Pywsup3 KDaggeri| weGBPwc 1997 mvDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv Lwb Avweregvi KDaggeri| iumliaelig
dagger_DaggerKB weGBPwci cwiKiacutebv wQj Kqjvi mUumlvb daggercDaggerj Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ gvwU Lbb KDaggeri Kqjv
DDaggerEumlvjb Kiv nDaggere| mvaviYZ Kqjvi MfxiZv Kg nDaggerjB Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kiv hvq| wKšlsquo
dyjevoxDaggerZ weGBPwci Avkv Abyhvqx 130 wgUvi MfxiZvi gDaggerauml Kqjv cvIqv hvqwb | Kqjvi
MfxiZv 150 wgUvDaggerii AwaK nIqvq weGBPwc Lwb DbœqDaggerbi cwiKiacutebv ev` w`Daggerq evsjvDagger`k dagger_DaggerK
Zvi eumlemv cedilwUDaggerq daggerbq (DaggerWBwj dividevi 28 AMvdivide 2006 cOuml_g cvZv)|4
evsjvDagger`k dagger_DaggerK me wKQy cedilwUDaggerq daggerbevi AvDaggerM weGBPwc dyjevox cOumlKiacute msmicrovšIacute me MDaggerelYv
miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ macrvparawiZ Pywsup3 I Gi AaxDaggerb cvIqv AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacutemg~n ADaggerdividelaquojxq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb
Gwkqv GbvwRcopy KDaggerccopyvDaggerikb (evsjvDagger`k) daggercOumlvcOumlvBUix wjwgDaggerUDaggerWi KvDaggerQ wewmicro KDaggeri dagger`q| evsjvDagger`k
miKvi weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3i kZcopy daggergvZvDaggereK GB n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ Pywsup3etimes nq 1998 mvDaggerji daggerdeordfaeligqvwi gvDaggerm| evsjvDagger`Daggerki we`umlgvb Lwb
wewagvjv Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerb daggerKvDaggerbv Pywsup3 nDaggerj Zv hZ kxNordf mcurrencente daggerMDaggerRU AvKvDaggeri cOumlKvDaggerki weavb
AvDaggerQ| dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ weGBPwci Pywsup3 I jvBDaggermYacute n IacutevšIacutei welDaggerq
4 evsjvDagger`k dagger_DaggerK eumlemv cedilwUDaggerq wbDaggerjI weGBPwc Zvi Avw_copyK macr^v_copy RwoDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ G cOumlKDaggeriacutei mvDagger_ fwelumlDaggerZ
dyjevox Lwb dagger_DaggerK Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb KiDaggerj cOuml_g AvU wgwjqb Ub Kqjvi Rbuml kZKiv 1 fvM nvDaggeri iqumlvjwU weGBPwc
cvDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ Pywsup3 iDaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004a)|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
126
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Pywsup3etimes nevi welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv daggerMDaggerRU cOumlKvwkZ nqwb| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq MwVZ GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU daggerMDaggerRU wbDaggerq Zjoslashvwm iumliaelig KiDaggerj H mvDaggerji Ryb gvDaggerm Pywsup3
macr^vparaDaggerii 8 eQDaggeriiI daggerewk mgq cDaggeri mswparaszlig GKwU daggerMDaggerRU cOumlKvk Kiv nq|5
weGBPwci KvQ dagger_DaggerK gumlvDaggerbRDaggergrsaquoU evB-AvDU ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKDaggeriacutei Pywsup3
MDaggerelYv I AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute wKDaggerb daggerbevi mgq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi g~j cwiKiacutebv wQj macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri
Kqjvi Pvwn`v c~iDaggerYi wbwgDaggerEuml GKUv f~Mfcopy rsquo ctimeswZi (eo cyKywiqv Lwbi gDaggerZv) Lwb Zwi Kivi
(Islam 2008)| daggermRbuml 2000 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wKQy f~ZvwEumliexclK MDaggerelYv KDaggeri Lwb
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy AviI Z_uml msMOumln KDaggeri| 2001 mvDaggerji ci bZyb miKvDaggerii KvQ dagger_DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb bullZwi Kivi Avkbrvbarvm daggercDaggerq AviI wKQy KvwiMwi mgxparav KDaggeri| Gi AvDaggerjvDaggerK
2003 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK evwlcopyK 9 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi UvDaggerMcopyU KDaggeri hvi 6 wgwjqb Ub dagger`Daggerk
we`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi Rbuml eumlenvi nDaggere evwK 3 wgwjqb Ub rsquovbxq Abumlvbuml Pvwn`v (BDaggerUi fvUv)
c~iDaggerYi Rbuml mieivn Kiv nDaggere (AEC 2004b)| G mgDaggerq AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK evRvDaggeri bvbv LwbR
c`vDagger_copyi `vg eumlvcK nvDaggeri evoDaggerZ _vDaggerK| Kqjvi evRvi DrdquoPgyLx nIqvq I Gwkqvi evRvDaggeri weDaggerkl
KDaggeri Pxb I fviDaggerZ Kqjvi Pvwn`v eumlvcK nvDaggeri evovq Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Zvi wewbDaggerqvM cwiKiacutebv
cwieZcopyb Kij | G bZyb cwiKiacutebv Abyhvqx evwlcopyK 15 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv Drcv`b Kiv nDaggere hvi
12 wgwjqb Ub fviZmn Gwkqvi Abumlvbuml dagger`Daggerk iszligvwb Kiv nDaggere 3 wgwjqb Ub w`Daggerq macrrsquovbxqfvDaggere
we`yumlr Drcv`b (AbwaK 500 daggergMv IqvU) I Abumlvbuml Pvwn`v (BDaggerUi fvUvi eumlenvi) c~iY Kiv
nDaggere (AEC 2004b)| macrrsquovbxq Pvwn`v c~iDaggerYi cwieDaggerZcopy iszligvwbi gvaumlDaggerg AwaK AvDaggerqi jDaggerparaumlB
AMOumlmi nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopy|6 Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi mcurrensectwZ daggercDaggerq 2004 mvDaggerji AvMdivide gvDaggerm G
gvDaggerci Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi jDaggerparauml Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2 eQi daggergqvw` mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparavi KvR iumliaelig KiDaggerjI
`ordfaeligZ (2007 mvDaggerji gDaggeraumlB) Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig Kivi Rbuml 1 eQDaggeriiI Kg mgDaggerqi gDaggerauml Gme
mgxparav daggerkl KDaggeri 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerq AbyDaggergv`Daggerbi Rbuml Rgv dagger`q
(AECB 2006)| Abumlw`DaggerK Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml cyuwR msMOumlDaggerni DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml 2004 mvDaggerji GwcOumlj
gvDaggerm jUcircb divideK GKDaggerPDaggerAuml Awafysup3 nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyOtildei cumlvDaggerirsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wcGjwm
hv eZcopygvDaggerb wRwmGg wiDaggermvDaggermcopym wcGjwm bvDaggerg cwiwPZ (AEC 2004a wRwmGg 2010)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopy dyjevoxDaggerZ Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere daggerhme w`K DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri7
ZvDaggerK OcircwcwQDaggerq _vKvOtilde DEumliefrac12 Z_v evsjvDagger`Daggerki A_copybwZK DbœqDaggerbi GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlKiacute wnDaggermDaggere
wPwyacuteZ KDaggeriDaggerQ Zv wbgœiƒc
5 weDaggerklAacute KwgwUi GK m`Daggermumli mvDagger_ 2013 mvDaggerji AvMdivide gvDaggerm Avjvc KDaggeri GwU RvbDaggerZ cvwi|
6 2012 mvDaggerji daggerkDaggerli w`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK bZyb cOumlmacrIacuteve dagger`q hvDaggerZ 2000 daggergMvIqvU paragZvi
we`yumlrDaggerKrsaquo`ordf bullZwii cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq (cOuml_g AvDaggerjv 4 bDaggerfcurren^i 2012)| 2013 mvj dagger_DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy cOumlPvi iumliaelig KDaggeri
daggerh dyjevox Lwb dagger_DaggerK 4000 daggergMvIqvU chcopyšIacute we`yumlr Zwi nDaggerZ cvvDaggeri| 2017 mvDaggerj GDaggerm GwU 4000-6000
daggergMvIqvU chcopyšIacute nDaggerZ cvDaggeri eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopy (Dagger`Lyb Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2012 dagger_DaggerK
2017)| 7 me welDaggerq wemacrIacutevwiZ Rvbvi Rbuml Gwkqv GbvwRcopy cOumlYxZ OcircDaggermumlvkvj GUcirc GbfvqibDaggergrsaquoUvj Bgcumlvplusmn GDaggermmDaggergrsaquoU dividevwWOtilde i
cOuml_g I PZy_copy LETH dagger`Lyb|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
127
cOuml_gZ Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwbi gvaumlDaggerg gRy` Kqjvi daggerewki fvM DDaggerEumlvjb Kiv hvq Abumlw`DaggerK
f~Mfcopy rsquo ctimeswZDaggerZ Gi 10-20 fvM Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb Kiv hvq| ZvB mcurrenuacuteDagger`i h_vh_ eumlenvi
wbwethDaggerZi Rbuml Dbyenysup3Lwb KivB hywsup3hysup3|
wOslashZxqZ iszligvwbgyLx Lwb cOumlKiacute nevi KviDaggerY miKvi cOumlPzi bulleDagger`wkK gy`ordfv ARcopyb KiDaggerZ cviDaggere
Ges GDaggerZ OcirceumlvjumlvYacute Ae daggercDaggergrsaquoUOtilde wbDaggerq miKvDaggerii Avw_copyK `ywethšIacutev jvMe nDaggere|
ZhellipZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy KqjvLwb I msjMœ we`umlyrDaggerKrsaquo ordf ZwiDaggerZ cOumlvq 3 wewjqb Wjvi Ges
35 eQDaggerii AwaK mgq Lwb PvjvDaggerZ AviI 10 wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere Gi dDaggerj
evsjvDagger`Daggerk eDagger`wkK wewbDaggerqvM ZiexclivwšZ nDaggere| G wekvj cwigvY eDagger`wkK wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi dDaggerj Lwbi
daggergqv`KvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi wbRmacr daggerKvDaggerbv wewbDaggerqvM bv KDaggeriB daggergvU 21 wewjqb Wjvi Avq
KiDaggere (hvi 78 wewjqb cOumlZumlpara Avq Avi evwKUv cDaggerivpara Avq)| cOumlZumlpara AvDaggerqi gDaggerauml AvDaggerQ Lwb
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ev Iacuteevqb KiDaggerZ Abxnv cOumlKvk Kivq H AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb GLDaggerbv mwmicroq AvDaggerQ| daggerKb G Aemacrrsquov Zwi nDaggerjv
Zvi Reve cvIqv hvDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerYi ivRbxwZ I mvaviY A_copybxwZi
eumlemacrrsquovcbvq `ybcopyxwZ GB `yB welDaggerqi GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYv dagger_DaggerK (Ahmad 2001 Khan 2013
Khan et al 2012 Mahmud et al 2008 Murshid amp Wiig 2001)| GB
MDaggerelYvmg~n dagger_DaggerK KDaggerqKwU AbywmtimesvšIacute wPwyacuteZ Kiv hvq (1) Riexclvjvwb I we`yumlr LvDaggerZi wmtimesvšIacute
MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMY wbDaggerRDagger`i jvDaggerfi Avkvq eumlvcKfvDaggere
bvbvwea DcvDaggerq cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib hv G LvDaggerZ cOumlKDaggeriacutei SyuwK I eumlq evwoDaggerq daggerZvDaggerj (2)
ivRbwZKfvDaggere mswkoslashoacute ADaggerbK eumlemvqx weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi macrrsquovbxq GDaggerRDaggerrsaquoUi f~wgKv cvjb Kivi
bvDaggerg G wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq wewa ewnfcopy~Z cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib (3) GDaggerZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi daggerZvqvdegv
Kiv ADaggerbK mgq evav wnDaggermDaggere KvR KDaggeri dDaggerj Zv GwoDaggerq hvevi Pvc Zwi nq bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i
Dci (4) Gme wKQyi wbU djvdj `vuovq G LvDaggerZi KgcopyKvDaggerETH eumlvcK gvIcircvq `ybcopyxwZi Qvc| dDaggerj
RbmacrvDagger_copyi e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU I wKQy macrrsquovbxq I A rsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq
DDaggerV| dyjevox KqjvLwb Zvi GK RiexcljšIacute D`vniY|
1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
2017) ZvnDaggerj evsjvDagger`kDaggerK daggerKvb kwsup3 AvUDaggerK ivLDaggerQ eumlqeucircj Kqjvi gDaggerauml (Dagger`Lyb dviaeligK 2017) |
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
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2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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35
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AeKvkmn Abumlvbuml myweav w`DaggerqDaggerQ| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerk weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM wbDaggerq RvwZmsDaggerNi
evwYRuml I Dbœqb-welqK msmacrrsquovi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK dagger`qv Ki AeKvk myweavi
mgvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (UNCTAD 201378-79)| Gme welq weDaggerePbvq wbDaggerq ejv hvq G
aiDaggerbi Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL KqjvLwbi AbyDaggergv`b w`Daggerq we yumlr msKU jvNe KDaggeri gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`k
nIqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc mdj nIqv hvDaggere bv| Avi A_copybwZK AMOumlMwZDaggerZ G aiDaggerbi Pywsup3DaggerKwrsaquo ordfK weDagger`kx
wewbDaggerqvM KZUv Ae`vb ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri G welDaggerq GKRb LumlvZbvgv A_copybxwZwe` h_v_copyfvDaggereB
eDaggerjDaggerQb daggerh cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacuteDagger` weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi mydj wbfcopyi KDaggeri Kx aiDaggerbi wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3
36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi Ici| Kviv Pywsup3 KiDaggerQ wK kDaggerZcopy Pywsup3 nDaggerrdquoQ Pywsup3 mcurrenuacutev`Daggerb cOumlwmicroqv macr^rdquoQ wQj wKbv-
Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
cwjwmDaggerZ wewfbœ macr^v_copymswkoslashoacute welDaggerqi PvDaggerc ADaggerbK mgq OcircehellipnEumli Rbmacrv_copyOtilde msiwparaZ nq bv|
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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nDaggere| ZvuDagger`i Rxeb RxweKv nvivDaggerbvi DDaggerOslashMDaggerK AvgDaggerj wbDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv daggerparaDaggerIcirci Dbœqb
wbDaggerq fveDaggerZ nDaggere| 2005 mvj dagger_DaggerK macrrsquovbxq gvbyl I cDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK msMVb
GDaggerZ daggerhvM w`Daggerq ZvuDagger`i `vexcedilDaggerjvi ivRbwZK I A_copybwZK wfwEumlDaggerK kwsup3kvjx KDaggeriDaggerQb| wecyj
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eDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY 10 eQi cDaggeri nDaggerjI macr^xKvi KDaggeriDaggerQb| 2012 mvDaggerji daggerkDaggerli
w`DaggerK Riexclvjvwb DcDagger`oacutev gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib daggerh eucircRvwZK ev weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb evsjvDagger`Daggerki macrv_copy myiparav
KiDaggere bv ZvB G wbDaggerq miKvi MfxifvDaggere me cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy welqvewj chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KiDaggere (`uml
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`yB AZumlvekumlKxq Dcv`vb wbDaggerq mZKcopyfvDaggere GDaggerMvDaggerZ nDaggere dagger`wiDaggerZ nDaggerjI evsjvDagger`Daggerki
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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bq| GwU GKB mvDagger_ GKwU ivRbwZK welq Ges Gi weiaeligDaggertimes jovB GKwU ivRbwZK jovB|
macrrsquovbxq fysup3DaggerfvMx gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvDaggerii mvDagger_ G jovB IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoZ|
GKBfvDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki MYZvwšiquestK ivoacutelaquo KvVvDaggergvq paragZv ejDaggerqi evwnDaggeri _vKv gvbylDagger`i Avkv
AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
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bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
125
2| dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKiacute
1990 cieZcopyx mgDaggerq MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZK eumlemacrrsquovi ElvjDaggerMœ Avwki `kDaggerK mvgwiK AvgDaggerj
iumliaelig nIqv A_copybwZK D`vixKiYI `ordfaeligZ MwZDaggerZ hvIcircv iumliaelig KDaggeri| Gi GKwU cOumlavb jparauml nDaggerrdquoQ
macrrsquovbxq Drcv`b wecYb I eumlemacrrsquovcbvq weDagger`kx cyuwRi wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi c_ myMg Kiv (World Bank
1992)| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh 1980 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml daggerek D`vi bxwZ
MOumlnY KDaggeri AvBb cvm KDaggeri (MLJPA 1980)| G AvBbDaggerK DaggerKrsaquo ordf KDaggeri Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ wekbrvbareumlvsDaggerKi
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daggerPoacutev PvjvDaggerbv nq (World Bank 1991)| 1982 mvDaggerjB wekbrvbareumlvsK I BDGbwWwc hysup3fvDaggere
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Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
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Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
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miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
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148
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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38
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
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Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
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welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
126
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gšiquestYvjq MwVZ GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU daggerMDaggerRU wbDaggerq Zjoslashvwm iumliaelig KiDaggerj H mvDaggerji Ryb gvDaggerm Pywsup3
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Kqjvi Pvwn`v c~iDaggerYi wbwgDaggerEuml GKUv f~Mfcopy rsquo ctimeswZi (eo cyKywiqv Lwbi gDaggerZv) Lwb Zwi Kivi
(Islam 2008)| daggermRbuml 2000 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wKQy f~ZvwEumliexclK MDaggerelYv KDaggeri Lwb
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we`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi Rbuml eumlenvi nDaggere evwK 3 wgwjqb Ub rsquovbxq Abumlvbuml Pvwn`v (BDaggerUi fvUv)
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127
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1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
2017) ZvnDaggerj evsjvDagger`kDaggerK daggerKvb kwsup3 AvUDaggerK ivLDaggerQ eumlqeucircj Kqjvi gDaggerauml (Dagger`Lyb dviaeligK 2017) |
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
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147
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2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
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148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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150
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
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bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
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miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
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Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
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welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
127
cOuml_gZ Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwbi gvaumlDaggerg gRy` Kqjvi daggerewki fvM DDaggerEumlvjb Kiv hvq Abumlw`DaggerK
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bvDaggerg G wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq wewa ewnfcopy~Z cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib (3) GDaggerZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi daggerZvqvdegv
Kiv ADaggerbK mgq evav wnDaggermDaggere KvR KDaggeri dDaggerj Zv GwoDaggerq hvevi Pvc Zwi nq bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i
Dci (4) Gme wKQyi wbU djvdj `vuovq G LvDaggerZi KgcopyKvDaggerETH eumlvcK gvIcircvq `ybcopyxwZi Qvc| dDaggerj
RbmacrvDagger_copyi e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU I wKQy macrrsquovbxq I A rsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq
DDaggerV| dyjevox KqjvLwb Zvi GK RiexcljšIacute D`vniY|
1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
2017) ZvnDaggerj evsjvDagger`kDaggerK daggerKvb kwsup3 AvUDaggerK ivLDaggerQ eumlqeucircj Kqjvi gDaggerauml (Dagger`Lyb dviaeligK 2017) |
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
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Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
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miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
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bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
128
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K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
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148
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
DbœqDaggerb AwfAacuteZvnxb daggerKvDaggerbv GKUv daggerKvcurrenuacutewbi mvDagger_ AmacrrdquoQ cOumlwmicroqvq wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
macrrsquovbxq gvbyl RvwbDaggerq w`DaggerqDaggerQ| G mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy XvKvi bvbv GwjU gnDaggerji aviYv AZumlšIacute aringvšIacute| gvV
MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
129
3| Riexclvjvwb wbivcEumlvq rsquovbxq Kqjv
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RbcwimDaggeri Riexclvjvwb weDaggerklAacuteDagger`i AvDaggerjvPbvq dyDaggerU DDaggerV| GuDagger`i Oslashviv cOumlwZwocircZ `vcyDaggerU eqvDaggerbi g~j
esup3euml nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk cvuPwU KqjvDaggerparaDaggerIcirc 3 wewjqb UDaggerbi daggerewk Kqjv gRy` AvDaggerQ| G Kqjv
daggerdDaggerj ivLv wVK nDaggere bv| wewfbœ mgDaggerq cOumlKvwkZ bvbv msev` cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb dagger`Lv hvq ADaggerbDaggerK AvDaggerparac
KDaggeri eDaggerjDaggerQb GZ mcurrenuacute` gvwUi wbDaggerP cDaggero AvDaggerQ A_P evsjvDagger`k eumlenvi KiDaggerZ cviDaggerQ bv|
2005-2017 mgqKvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki msev`cDaggerIcirc cOumlKvwkZ Kqjv Dbœqb mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ daggerewki fvM
LeDaggeri DDaggerjoslashL Kiv ZDagger_umli mviggcopy Giƒc OcircevsjvDagger`Daggerk Kqjvi gRy` c Oumlvq 33 wewjqb Ub| GZ
wekvj AvKvDaggerii gRy` dagger_DaggerK Kqjv DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggergB evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb msKU daggergvPb mcurrencenteOtilde| G
esup3Daggereumli g~j wfwEuml KvwiMwi w`K dagger_DaggerK Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb welqK wPšIacutev| wKšlsquo Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumlaygvIcirc
KvwiMwi welDaggerqi Dci wbfcopyi KDaggeri bv Gi mvDagger_ RwUj ivRbwZK A_copybwZK I mvgvwRK
welqvejx IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoZ| Dfq w`DaggerKi mgšq KDaggeriB G welDaggerq wbDaggergcopyvn AvDaggerjvPbvweZKcopy
nIqv DwPZ|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq myDaggerIcirc Rvbv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerk 5wU AvwereghellipZ Kqjv Lwb AvDaggerQ (mviwY 1)|
mviwY 1 evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwbmg~n
Lwbi bvg
(Avweregvi mvj)
Kqjvi MfxiZv
(wgUvi)
Kqjvi gRy`
(wgwjqb Ub)
RvgvjMAuml (1962) 640 1053
eocyKywiqv (1985-1987) 118 390
Lvjvmcxi (1989-1990) 257 685
w`Nxcvov (1994-1995) 328 600
dyjevox (1997) 150 572
Drmt cwiKiacutebv Kwgkblocirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv (2011-2015) fwjDg-2 chellip 154|
DcDaggerii G wnmvDaggere OcircgRy`Otilde ejDaggerZ wK daggerevSvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nqwb| GUv wK OcirccOumlgvwYZOtilde
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Rixc Awa`szligDaggerii wnmve13
Abyhvqx Kqjvi OcirccOumlgvvwYZOtilde gRyDagger`i wnmve GiKg eocyKywiqvq 300
wgwjqb Ub LvjvmcxDaggeri 143 wgwjqb Ub I w`Nxcvovq 150 wgwjqb Ub| RvgvjMDaggerAuml Kqjvi
cwigvY DcDaggerii mviwYDaggerZ dagger`qv ZDagger_umli gDaggerZvB AvDaggerQ| G cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb dyjevox mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv Z_uml
daggerbB daggerKbbv H Lwb f~ZvwEumliexclK Rixc Awa`szligi Avweregvi KDaggeriwb| 2006 mvDaggerji GwcOumlj gvDaggerm cOumlYxZ
evsjvDagger`k OcircKqjv bxwZOtildei PZy_copy fvmcopyDaggerbi cwiwkDaggeroacute 18 RyjvB 2002 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb mwPe eivei
13
OgravewgbvDaggerij wWDaggercvwmU Ae evsjvDagger`kOacute kxlcopyK GK cOumlwZDaggere`b (hv evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rixc Awa`szligDaggerii IDaggerqemvBDaggerU
12 daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^i 2017 ZvwiDaggerL nvjbvMv` Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ)|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
130
wjwLZ evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rixc Awa`szligDaggerii GKwU mswparaszlig cOumlwZDaggere`b hysup3 Kiv nq| ZvDaggerZ
Kqjvi OcirccOumlgvwYZOtilde gRyDagger`i wnmve GiKg RvgvjMDaggerAuml 1053 wgwjqb Ub eocyKywiqvq 300
wgwjqb Ub LvjvmcxDaggeri 143 wgwjqb Ub Ges dyjevoxDaggerZ 400 wgwjqb Ub| w`Nxcvov wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv Z_uml daggerbB daggerKbbv daggermLvDaggerb H mgDaggerq gRy` wbacopyviDaggerYi KvR PjwQj| 2004 mvDaggerj cOumlYxZ
RvZxq Riexclvjvwb bxwZi Lmovq (chellip 9) ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ dyjevox LwbDaggerZ OcirccOumlv_wgKOtilde gRy` AvDaggerQ 400
wgwjqb Ub Avi G dagger_DaggerK OcircDDaggerEumlvjbDaggerhvMumlOtilde gRyDagger`i cwigvY 80 wgwjqb Ub | dagger`Lv hvDaggerrdquoQ DcDaggerii
mviwYDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy dagger`qv ZDagger_umli mvDagger_ Riexclvjvwb bxwZDaggerZ DDaggerjoslashwLZ ZDagger_umli eumlvcK cv_copyKuml
iDaggerqDaggerQ| Riexclvjvwb bxwZi Lmovq AviI ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ evsjvDagger`Daggerki wewfbœ LwbDaggerZ _vKv Kqjvi gDaggerauml
492 wgwjqb Ub OcircDDaggerEumlvjbDaggerhvMumlOtilde| ZvnDaggerj dagger`Lv hvq 33 wewjqDaggerbi gDaggerauml gvIcirc 500 wgwjqb Ub
Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjbDaggerhvMuml | 2007 mvDaggerji wWDaggermcurrenDaggeri cvDaggerUvqvix KwgwU KZcopyhellipK cOumlYxZ Kqjv bxwZ welqK
cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerbi cwiwkDaggeroacute dagger`qv Z_uml Abyhvqx OcirccOumlgvwYZOtilde gRyDagger`i cwigvY Giƒc eocyKywiqv 303
wgwjqb Ub Lvjvmcxi 143 wgwjqb Ub w`Nxcvov 150 wgwjqb Ub Ges dyjevox 288 wgwjqb
Ub| GDaggerZ RvgvjMAuml Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv Z_uml daggerbB| mvcurrencOumlwZK Z_uml cvIqv hvq Gwkqvb
daggerWDaggerfjcDaggergrsaquoU eumlvsK Gi A_copyvqDaggerb Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Rbuml cOumlvBm IqvUvi nvDm Kycvmcopy Gi Zwi
Kiv 2016 mvDaggerji OcircRiexclvjvwb wbivcEumlv mgxparavq (chellip 67)| GDaggerZ Kqjvi gRy` (wK aiDaggerbi gRy` Zv
ejv daggerbB) wnmvDaggere DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ RvgvjMAuml 105390 wgwjqb Ub eocyKywiqv 400 wgwjqb
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23
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(Howladar 2016382)| 24
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25
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26
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p23| 27
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29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
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December
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PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
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dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
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32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
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`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
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iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
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KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
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KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
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jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
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KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
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daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
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2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
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147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
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nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivLDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I miKvDaggerii bxwZwbacopyviKiv daggerh esup3euml cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei `wjjcIcirc mg_copyb KDaggeri bv| Avi Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq daggerhDaggernZy Avjv`v KDaggeri G Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3i OcircAZumlšIacute D`viOtilde kDaggerZcopyi KviDaggerY evsjvDagger`k G dagger_DaggerK Lye
jvfevb nDaggere Zv ejv hvq bv| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb mg~Daggerni mvDagger_ Mwie dagger`kcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ LwbR
mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml macr^vparawiZ wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB Hme dagger`Daggerki wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb bv
daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
nq (AvwdlaquoKvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ G wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYvi Rbuml dagger`Lyb Burgis 2015)|35
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
mvDagger_ macr^vparawiZ Pywsup3 daggerMvcb `wjj nIqvi KviDaggerY cvIqv bv daggerMDaggerjI Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi 2004 mvDaggerji
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Lwbi Kqjv wbDaggerq Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq I Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Ah_v GDaggerK OcircDbœqbOtilde Ges OcircweDagger`kx
wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi OcircgvBjdjKOtilde wnDaggermDaggere cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQ| H cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh ZvDagger`i
cOumlKDaggeriacutei cOumlavb Ae`vb nDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki Rbuml GKwU bZyb iszligvwb LvZ Zwi Kiv| A_copyvr Kqjv nDaggere
evsjvDagger`Daggerki AvDaggeriKwU iszligvwb cYuml (AEC 2004)| wKšlsquo Kqjv iszligvwb dagger_DaggerK daggerK jvfevb nDaggere
Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml Gwkqv GbvwRcopy miKviDaggerK daggerKvDaggerbv Uumlvmiddot dagger`Daggere bv (Dagger`Lyb ingvb
2012)|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq RbcwimDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i Zwi
`vcyDaggerU eqvb nDaggerrdquoQ gvbyDaggerli Rwg I RxweKvi OcircmvgwqKOtilde parawZ nDaggerjI dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZDaggerZ G cOumlKiacute I
Gi mDaggerfrac12 mswkoslashoacute weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi wekvj Ae`vb _vKDaggere| Daggerhgb cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb mieivDaggerni
msKU jvNe nDaggere we` yumlDaggerZi NvUwZRwbZ KviDaggerY wkiacute-KviLvbvq Drcv`b eumlvnZ nDaggere bv| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei mvDagger_ Ocirciszligvwb wbfcopyiOtilde wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU daggergvKvwejv Kiv
hvDaggere eDaggerj gDaggerb nq bv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb PvBDaggerj me Kqjv iszligvwb KiDaggerZ cviDaggere (Dagger`Lyb ingvb 2012)|
35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
mhellipoacute parawZ c~iDaggerYi jDaggerparauml AwmiddotDaggerWrsaquoUvDaggerji KvQ dagger_DaggerK A_copy Av`vDaggerqi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb wcGmwmDaggerZ wQj bv| dDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
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AwmiddotDaggerWrsaquoUvjI Zvi `vq macr^xKvi KDaggeriwb|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
149
weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM cOumlDaggerkœ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri _vDaggerK DaggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki (45 kZvsk)
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IqvwKenvj Zviv RvDaggerbb Kx KDaggeri eucircRvwZK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi PZyi wnmve-wbKvk ZvDagger`i jvDaggerfi Afrac14DaggerK
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cvDaggeri bv| ZvB KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki dagger_DaggerK wekvj jvDaggerfi G Abygvb LyeB mijxKhellipZ (ingvb 2012)|
mvcurrencOumlwZK GKUv D`vniY GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashL KiDaggerj GwU eySDaggerZ myweav nDaggere | 2012 mvDaggerj
hysup3ivRuml miKvi AevK nDaggerq dagger`Lj daggerh cedilMj AumlvgvRb I dividevievDaggermiddoti gDaggerZv RMwOslashLumlvZ eucircRvwZK
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dagger`Daggerk IB A_copyeQDaggeri ZvDagger`i jvDaggerfi cwigvY ADaggerbK Kg wQj| AvmDaggerj Gme daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb RwUj
GKvDwrsaquoUs wmDaggerdivideg eumlenvi KDaggeri H dagger`Daggerk AwRcopyZ jvDaggerfi eo GKUv Ask Abuml dagger`Daggerk cvwVDaggerq w`Daggerq
KDaggerii cwigvY KwgDaggerq daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ| miKvwi Ki cOumlkvmDaggerbi wKQyB Kivi daggerbB daggerKbbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv
daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Ki cOumlkvmb wbethqB hysup3ivDaggerRumli gDaggerZv kwsup3kvjx bq
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Riexclvjvwb mcurrenuacute` welDaggerq Pywsup3 Kivi AvDaggerM weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi PZyi AvBbRxexAumlvKvDrsaquoUumlvDaggerrsaquoUi mDaggerfrac12
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2008)| GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`b gDaggerZ Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Zviv OcircAdDaggerkvi
AumlvKvDrsaquoUOtilde-Gi gvaumlDaggerg Kqjv wewmicroi daggerjbDagger`b KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb (wRwmGg 2010)| mvcurrencOumlwZK mgDaggerq
Ocirccvbvgv daggerccvimOtilde I OcirccumlvivWvBm daggerccvimOtilde daggerKDaggerjfrac14vwi AvgvDagger`i gDaggerb KwiDaggerq dagger`q eucircRvwZK
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv OcircAdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUOtilde daggerKb eumlenvi KDaggeri|
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LwbRmcurrenuacute` DDaggerEumlvjDaggerb wbDaggerqvwRZ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv Ki dvuwK dagger`qvi Rbuml OcircUumlvmiddot daggernDaggerfbOtilde bvDaggerg cwiwPZ
dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
DDaggerjoslashLuml AdDaggerkvi
AumlvKvDrsaquoU welDaggerq weGBPwc ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii mDaggerfrac12 weDaggerkl dagger`b`ievi KDaggeriwQj (wRwmGg
2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
AeKvkmn Abumlvbuml myweav w`DaggerqDaggerQ| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerk weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM wbDaggerq RvwZmsDaggerNi
evwYRuml I Dbœqb-welqK msmacrrsquovi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK dagger`qv Ki AeKvk myweavi
mgvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (UNCTAD 201378-79)| Gme welq weDaggerePbvq wbDaggerq ejv hvq G
aiDaggerbi Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL KqjvLwbi AbyDaggergv`b w`Daggerq we yumlr msKU jvNe KDaggeri gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`k
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wewbDaggerqvM KZUv Ae`vb ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri G welDaggerq GKRb LumlvZbvgv A_copybxwZwe` h_v_copyfvDaggereB
eDaggerjDaggerQb daggerh cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacuteDagger` weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi mydj wbfcopyi KDaggeri Kx aiDaggerbi wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3
36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi Ici| Kviv Pywsup3 KiDaggerQ wK kDaggerZcopy Pywsup3 nDaggerrdquoQ Pywsup3 mcurrenuacutev`Daggerb cOumlwmicroqv macr^rdquoQ wQj wKbv-
Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
cwjwmDaggerZ wewfbœ macr^v_copymswkoslashoacute welDaggerqi PvDaggerc ADaggerbK mgq OcircehellipnEumli Rbmacrv_copyOtilde msiwparaZ nq bv|
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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wbDaggerq fveDaggerZ nDaggere| 2005 mvj dagger_DaggerK macrrsquovbxq gvbyl I cDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK msMVb
GDaggerZ daggerhvM w`Daggerq ZvuDagger`i `vexcedilDaggerjvi ivRbwZK I A_copybwZK wfwEumlDaggerK kwsup3kvjx KDaggeriDaggerQb| wecyj
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eDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY 10 eQi cDaggeri nDaggerjI macr^xKvi KDaggeriDaggerQb| 2012 mvDaggerji daggerkDaggerli
w`DaggerK Riexclvjvwb DcDagger`oacutev gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib daggerh eucircRvwZK ev weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb evsjvDagger`Daggerki macrv_copy myiparav
KiDaggere bv ZvB G wbDaggerq miKvi MfxifvDaggere me cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy welqvewj chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KiDaggere (`uml
BwUcircDaggercDaggerUcircrsaquoU 27 bDaggerfcurren^i 2012)| GKB mvDagger_ f~MDaggerfcopyi cvwb eumlemacrrsquovcbv welDaggerqI Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq
ADaggerbK mZKcopy nDaggerqDaggerQ G wbDaggerq yDaggerUv mgxparav KDaggeriDaggerQ| Rwg I cvwb evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lv`uml wbivcEumlvi G
`yB AZumlvekumlKxq Dcv`vb wbDaggerq mZKcopyfvDaggere GDaggerMvDaggerZ nDaggere dagger`wiDaggerZ nDaggerjI evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY GwU macr^xKvi KDaggeriDaggerQb| macrrsquovbxq I RvZxq chcopyvDaggerq kwsup3kvjx MYAvDaggerrsaquo`vjb eRvq
_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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bq| GwU GKB mvDagger_ GKwU ivRbwZK welq Ges Gi weiaeligDaggertimes jovB GKwU ivRbwZK jovB|
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GKBfvDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki MYZvwšiquestK ivoacutelaquo KvVvDaggergvq paragZv ejDaggerqi evwnDaggeri _vKv gvbylDagger`i Avkv
AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
macrrsquovbxq AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi fvlv Gme welqDaggerK mvgDaggerb AvDaggerb hv GwjUDaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK Dbœqb fvebvq RvqMv cvq
bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
DbœqDaggerb AwfAacuteZvnxb daggerKvDaggerbv GKUv daggerKvcurrenuacutewbi mvDagger_ AmacrrdquoQ cOumlwmicroqvq wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
macrrsquovbxq gvbyl RvwbDaggerq w`DaggerqDaggerQ| G mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy XvKvi bvbv GwjU gnDaggerji aviYv AZumlšIacute aringvšIacute| gvV
MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
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____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
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BD) Washington DC The World Bank
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Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
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দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivLDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I miKvDaggerii bxwZwbacopyviKiv daggerh esup3euml cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei `wjjcIcirc mg_copyb KDaggeri bv| Avi Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq daggerhDaggernZy Avjv`v KDaggeri G Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3i OcircAZumlšIacute D`viOtilde kDaggerZcopyi KviDaggerY evsjvDagger`k G dagger_DaggerK Lye
jvfevb nDaggere Zv ejv hvq bv| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb mg~Daggerni mvDagger_ Mwie dagger`kcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ LwbR
mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml macr^vparawiZ wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB Hme dagger`Daggerki wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb bv
daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
nq (AvwdlaquoKvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ G wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYvi Rbuml dagger`Lyb Burgis 2015)|35
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
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35
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149
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
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Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
131
GR 17 bDaggerfcurren^i 2016)| dDaggerj RvgvjMAuml Lwbi 1 wewjqb UDaggerbi daggerewk Kqjv daggerKvDaggerbv KvDaggerRB
eumlenvi Kiv hvDaggere bv| ZvB RvgvjMAuml Lwb LwbRmcurrenuacuteDagger`i I Riexclvjvwb wbivcEumlvq macrrsquovbxq Kqjvi
eumlenvi mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ mgmacrIacute wnmve-wbKvk dagger_DaggerK ev` covi K_v|
4| macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli Lwb weDaggerivax cOumlwZevDagger`i fvlv
2005 mvDaggerji GwcOumlj gvm dagger_DaggerKB dyjevox AAcircDaggerj Kqjv Lwbi weiaeligDaggertimes AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb `vbv evuaDaggerZ
_vDaggerK| AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi gyDaggerL dyjevox kni AAcircDaggerji daggerewkifvM GjvKvq Gwkqv GbvwRcopy daggerKvDaggerbv aiDaggerbi
Rwic KvR cwiPvjbv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeriwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji kZKiv 74 fvM gvbyl
ZvDagger`i cOumlKiacuteDaggerK mg_copyb KDaggeriDaggerQ hw` h_v_copy parawZc~iY cwiDaggerkva Kiv nq (AECB 2005)| ZvDagger`i
G aviYvDaggerK fyj cOumlgvY KDaggeri KDaggerqK gvDaggermi gDaggerauml eumlvcK MYAvDaggerrsaquo`vjb MDaggero DDaggerV hvi `iaeligb MZ GK
`kDaggerKiI daggerewk mgq aDaggeri G cOumlKiacute ev Iacuteevqb nqwb| 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ
weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Kqjv AAcircj mdi KDaggeri macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi G
`vexi mZumlZv LyuDaggerR cvbwb|
Ocircdyjevox iparav KwgwUOtildei eumlvbvDaggeri macrrsquovbxq gvbyl msMwVZ nq 2005 mvDaggerji Ryb gvDaggerm | Gi
AvDaggerM macrrsquovbxq GK ivRbwZK msMVb (RvZxq KhelliplK daggerparaZgRyi mwgwZ) I mvgvwRK msMVb
(dyjevox KwgDwbwU KvDwYacutej) GwcOumlj gvDaggerm Lwbi weiaeligDaggertimes RbMYDaggerK daggermvrdquoPvi nevi Avnevb Rvbvq|
dyjevox KwgDwbwU KvDwYacutej Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I evsjvDagger`k miKvDaggerii bvbv `dZDaggeri GK macrsectviKwjwc
cvVvq| GuDagger`i mevi g~j `vex daggerh Zvuiv ev IacuteywfUv Khellipwl Rwg evc `v`vi Kei macrrsquovbxq mcurrencOuml`vDaggerqi
mvgvwRK mvsmacrhellipwZK KvVvDaggergv aŸsm KDaggeri Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Kqjv Lwb Pvq bv|14
Lwb evwZDaggerji `vwe
RvwbDaggerq Zvuiv cOumlavbgšiquestxOtildei KvDaggerQ macrsectviKwjwc dagger`qv mn niZvj gvbe eUumlb wgwQj mgvDaggerek KDaggeriDaggerQ
1 eQDaggerii AwaKKvj aDaggeri |
2005 mvDaggerji Rvbyqvwi gvDaggerm Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi KDaggerqKRb KgcopyKZcopyv dyjevox daggergqDaggerii AwdDaggerm
Lwb wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri Gi mydj ZyDaggerj aDaggerib| Dcw rsquoZ macrrsquovbxq GwjUDagger`i gDaggerauml Dbyenysup3 Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerhme cOumlkœ RvDaggerM Zvi mDaggeršIacutevlRbK Reve bv daggercDaggerq Zvuiv LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi wPšIacutevfvebv iumliaelig
KDaggerib| ZuvDagger`i wPšIacutevi welq wQj daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki gDaggerZv Aiacute Rwgi dagger`Daggerk daggerKv_vq GZ gvbylDaggerK
(cOumlvq 40000) cybecopyvmb Kiv nDaggere Rwgi AfveDaggernZy GB cybecopyvwmZ gvbylDagger`i RxweKvi wK nDaggere
wekvj GjvKvi Rwg nvwiDaggerq (6000 daggernplusmni) Rwg wbfcopyi gvbyDaggerli RxweKvi wK nDaggere15
Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
14
dagger`Lyb dyjevox iparav KwgwUi wjdDaggerjUOcircAvnevbOtilde (Ryb 2005) cOumlavbgšiquestx eivei daggercOumlwiZ macrsectviKwjwc (18 Ryb
2005)| 15
GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi daggerh Rwgi cwigvY I DDaggerrdquoQ` nDaggerZ nDaggere GiKg gvbyDaggerli msLumlv wbDaggerq Gwkqv GbvwRcopy mwVK
Z_uml miKviDaggerK dagger`qwb eDaggerjB gDaggerb nq| Lwbi dDaggerj cOumlZumlparafvDaggere parawZMOumlmacrIacute nDaggere 785 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi GjvKv (Kqjv
gRyDagger`i daggerKrsaquo`ordf dagger_DaggerK Pvwiw`DaggerK 5 wKDaggerjvwgUvi GjvKv) Rwgi cwigvDaggerYi wnmvDaggere Zv 7800 daggernplusmnDaggerii daggerewk| Gi mvDagger_
hysup3 nDaggere Lwbi bvbv AeKvVvDaggergv I dyjevox kni cOumlwZ rsquovcDaggerbi Rbuml eumleuumlZ Rwg| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq
MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI Rwgi cwigvY wbDaggerq Amacr^rdquoQZv wPwyacuteZ KDaggerib| G KwgwU 2001 mvDaggerji iumlgvwii AvDaggerjvDaggerK wnmve
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
132
dDaggerj H AAcircDaggerji f~Mfcopy rsquo cvwb cOumlevDaggerni eumlvcK gvIcircvq daggerh parawZ nDaggere Ges Kqjv daggerZvjvi Rbuml
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Pvwiw`DaggerK 10 wKDaggerjvwgUvi GjvKv) wekvj RbDaggerMvocircxi KhellipwlKvRmn cOumlvZumlwnK bvbv KvDaggerR cvwbi
Pvwn`v c~iY daggerh eumlvnZ nDaggere Zv wbDaggerq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi KZcopyveumlwsup3MY ZvuDagger`i m yEumli w`DaggerZ cvDaggeribwb|16
GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashL daggerh dyjevoxi gvbyl RwgRgv I ev IacuteywfUv nvwiDaggerq Avw_copyK parawZc~iDaggerYi wewbgDaggerq
DDaggerrdquoQ` nDaggerZ daggergvDaggerUI AvMOumlnx bq Lwb AAcircDaggerji daggerh daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute G fvebv GKB iKg| Gwkqv
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cOumlwZZklaquoywZ w`DaggerjI KhellipwlRxwe cwievDaggerii gvbyl cybecopyvwmZ UvDDaggerbi etimes KvVvDaggergvq macr^vrdquoQDaggerrsaquo`uml evm KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb bv eDaggerjB gZ dagger`b| daggerhgb GK mcurrenuacutebœ KhelliplK eDaggerjb
Avgvi 50-60 weNv Rwg AvDaggerQ Avwg GjvKvi GKRb mcurrensectvbx gvbyl| bvbv KvDaggerR
gvbyl Avgvi KvDaggerQ AvDaggerm I DcKhellipZ nq| cybecopyvwmZ AAcircDaggerj Avwg wK G mcurrensectvb cvDaggerev
Avgvi evwoDaggerZ eo eo Pvi Lvbv Ni AvDaggerQ Gme mviv eQi bvbv KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ nq|
Avgvi GB wekvj cwievi wbDaggerq GK-`yB Kvgivi AvaywbK evoxDaggerZ wKfvDaggere evm Kie
AvgvDaggerK KDaggerqK jvL UvKv parawZc~iY w`DaggerjI Avwg GB cwigvY Rwg daggerKv_vq cve Rwg
daggercDaggerjI Avwg wK GB cwigvY Rwg H UvKvq wKbDaggerZ cvie AvDaggeriKUv K_v ev Iacutey wfUv
I Khellipwl Rwg nvwiDaggerq AvwgDaggerZv OcircDOslashvmacrlsquoOtilde nDaggerq daggerMjvg OcircDOslashvmacrIacuteyOtildeDaggerK daggerKD mcurrensectvb dagger`q bv|
cedilrdquoQ MOumlvDaggerg OcircDOslashv lsquoiOtilde Rxeb mcurrensectvDaggerbi Rxeb bq|
DcDaggerii Dwsup3DaggerZ Avw_copyK welDaggerqi mvDagger_ mvgvwRK I mvsmacrhellipwZK welq RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ hv wbDaggerq Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi evPDaggerb GjvKvi gvbyl mšlsquooacute nqwb| AvDaggeriK KhelliplDaggerKi esup3euml XvKvi GwjU gnDaggerji wPšIacutevi
MfxiZvDaggerKB cOumlkœwetimes KDaggeri| Zvui gDaggerZ
Avgvi RwgDaggerZ Avwg eQDaggeri `yB dmj djvB ywU avDaggerbi Avev` Kwi| daggerh avb cvB
Zvi KZZyKy Avgvi wbDaggerRi jvDaggerM mvgvbuml AskB jvDaggerM| evwKUv daggerZv evRvDaggeri wewmicroB
Kwi| AvgvDagger`i H avb mviv dagger`Daggerk hvq|G GjvKv avDaggerbi Rbuml weLumlvZ Gi avb mviv
dagger`Daggerk bv daggerMDaggerj ADaggerbK gvbyDaggerli avDaggerbi Pvwn`v wgUDaggere bv| AvgvDagger`i GB avwb Rwg
daggerKqvgZ bvMv` djb dagger`Daggere Gi dj mviv dagger`Daggerki gvbyl daggerfvM KDaggeri| dagger`Daggerki eo eo
daggerbZviv XvKvq eDaggerm wK wPšIacutev KDaggeri Avwg daggerfDaggere cvB bv| GZ avDaggerbi daggerhvMvb boacute KiDaggerj
wK Aemacrrsquov nDaggere
KDaggerib daggerh cOumlZumlparafvDaggere 50000 Gi AwaK Ges cDaggerivparafvDaggere 220000 gvbyl Lwbi KgcopyKvDaggerETH parawZMOumlmacrIacute nDaggere| G msLumlv
GLb AviI daggerewk nDaggere ZvDaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv mDaggerrsaquo`n daggerbB| daggerjLDaggerKi wbDaggerRi wnmvDaggereI dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy cOuml`Euml msLumlv
miKvwi cwimsLumlvDaggerbi mvDagger_ mvgAumlmumlc~Ycopy bq| GUv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi LiP KgvDaggerbvi Ges bxwZ wbacopyviKDagger`i mcurrensectwZ
Av`vDaggerqi GKUv divideordfumlvDaggerUwR nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| macrrsquovbxq AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixDagger`i gDaggerZ AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi ZxeordfZv dagger`DaggerL mgDaggerq mgDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy Gme wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ| Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi daggerKvDaggerbv KgcopyKZcopyv mvparavrKvi w`DaggerZ ivRx nqwb eDaggerj Gme
welq hvPvB Kiv hvqwb| 16
gvV MDaggerelYvq H mfvq DcwmacrrsquoZ KDaggerqKRDaggerbi mvDagger_ AvjvDaggerci wfwEumlDaggerZ GUv Rvbv hvq|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
133
GLvDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq avb ebvg Kqjv wbDaggerq macrrsquovbxq gvbylDagger`i cwiregvi fvebv AvDaggerQ| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOcirci `wjj ` IacutevDaggereDaggerR avDaggerbi parawZ wbDaggerq mDaggeršIacutevlRbK eumlvLumlv daggerbB eDaggerj 2006 I 2012 mvDaggerji
`ywU miKvwi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeriDaggerQb| iumlay avDaggerbi Rwg I emZwfUv nvivDaggerbv bq MOumlvDaggergi
gvbyDaggerli KvDaggerQ Zvui evc-`v`vi KeDaggerii cediliaeligZiexcl Acwimxg LwbweDaggerivax gDaggerbvfve ZwiDaggerZ Gme
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nvivDaggerbvi K_vDaggerK GKUy mij KDaggeri ejv nDaggerjv daggerh ADagger_copyi wewbgDaggerq ADaggerbK GjvKvq daggerZv OcircDbœqbOtilde
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mwnZ eDaggerj DVDaggerjb
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daggerKD daggermUv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri bv| daggermUv Avgvi evc-`v`vmn daggerMvocircxi mKDaggerji Keimacrrsquovb| G
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KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri H esk myIcirc aDaggeri| GUv nvivDaggerj Avgvi bvg cwiPqB daggerkl| daggerKv_vq cvDaggerev
GUv
Lwb AAcircDaggerji cOumlvq GK-PZy_copyvsk GjvKvq Ggb `ywU RbDaggerMvocircxi evm hviv DDaggerrdquoQ`DaggerK ZuvDagger`i
gbdquoZzuml wnDaggermDaggereB weDaggerePbv KiDaggerQ| Gi GKwU nDaggerrdquoQ daggerek wKQy Avw`evmx mcurrencOuml`vq hviv H AAcircDaggerj
HwZnvwmKfvDaggere bvbv cOumlwmicroqvq Rwg nvwiDaggerq I eAcircbvi wkKvi nDaggerq GLb daggerek cOumlvwšIacuteK gvDaggerbi Rxeb
hvcb KiDaggerQ (mDaggerib daggerevinvb I mygb 2014)| GiKg GK mcurrencOuml`vDaggerqi macrrsquovbxq GK cOumlexY daggerbZv
eDaggerjb
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi daggerjvKRb AvgvDagger`i MOumlvDaggerg KDaggerqKevi GDaggermDaggerQ Lwb mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy bvbv K_v
iumlwbDaggerqDaggerQ AvgvDagger`i| AvgvDagger`i eumlvcK DbœwZ nDaggere eDaggerj bvbv jvDaggerfi Avkv dagger`wLDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avwgmn GjvKvi mevB Avgiv me mgq eDaggerjwQ daggerh Rwg Rgv daggerQDaggero Avgiv daggerKv_vI
hve bv| hZ eviB GDaggermDaggerQ ZZeviB GKB K_v eDaggerjwQ| AvgvDagger`i G AemacrrsquovDaggerbi
boQo nqwb|
AvDaggeriK Avw`evmx eumlwsup3 (whwb Avw`evmx AwaKvi welqK GKRb Kgcopyx) ejDaggerjb
Lwb nDaggerj Avw`evmx gvbyDaggerli AwmacrIacuteZiexcl _vKDaggere bv dagger`Daggerk dagger`Daggerk daggerhLvDaggerbB Lwb nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggermLvbKvi Avw`evmx aŸsm nDaggerq daggerMDaggerQ| fviDaggerZi SvoLDaggerUcirci D`vniY dagger`DaggerLb daggermLvDaggerb
Avw`evmx gvbyl KyKyi weovDaggerji gDaggerZv evm KiDaggerQ| Avw`evmx gvbyl mcurrenuacuteordf`vqMZfvDaggere
GKDaggerIcirc evm bv KiDaggerj evuPDaggere bv| Lwb nDaggerj daggerZv AvgvDagger`i daggerRvi KDaggeri ZvwoDaggerq dagger`Daggere|
Avgiv cOumlvwšIacuteK gvbyl jovB KDaggeri cviDaggerev bv evOvwjiv me daggerKDaggero daggerbDaggere| parawZc~iDaggerYi
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25
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26
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p23| 27
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144
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29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
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31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
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GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
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ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
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miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivLDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I miKvDaggerii bxwZwbacopyviKiv daggerh esup3euml cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei `wjjcIcirc mg_copyb KDaggeri bv| Avi Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq daggerhDaggernZy Avjv`v KDaggeri G Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3i OcircAZumlšIacute D`viOtilde kDaggerZcopyi KviDaggerY evsjvDagger`k G dagger_DaggerK Lye
jvfevb nDaggere Zv ejv hvq bv| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb mg~Daggerni mvDagger_ Mwie dagger`kcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ LwbR
mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml macr^vparawiZ wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB Hme dagger`Daggerki wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb bv
daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
nq (AvwdlaquoKvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ G wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYvi Rbuml dagger`Lyb Burgis 2015)|35
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
mvDagger_ macr^vparawiZ Pywsup3 daggerMvcb `wjj nIqvi KviDaggerY cvIqv bv daggerMDaggerjI Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi 2004 mvDaggerji
GKwU cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Pywsup3-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ wKQy Z_uml cvIqv hvq hv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri ejv hvq daggerh dyjevox
Lwbi Kqjv wbDaggerq Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq I Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Ah_v GDaggerK OcircDbœqbOtilde Ges OcircweDagger`kx
wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi OcircgvBjdjKOtilde wnDaggermDaggere cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQ| H cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh ZvDagger`i
cOumlKDaggeriacutei cOumlavb Ae`vb nDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki Rbuml GKwU bZyb iszligvwb LvZ Zwi Kiv| A_copyvr Kqjv nDaggere
evsjvDagger`Daggerki AvDaggeriKwU iszligvwb cYuml (AEC 2004)| wKšlsquo Kqjv iszligvwb dagger_DaggerK daggerK jvfevb nDaggere
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2012)|
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35
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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MOumlšrsquocwAuml
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cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
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____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
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wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
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dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
132
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133
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boQo nqwb|
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Lwb nDaggerj Avw`evmx gvbyDaggerli AwmacrIacuteZiexcl _vKDaggere bv dagger`Daggerk dagger`Daggerk daggerhLvDaggerbB Lwb nDaggerqDaggerQ
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Avw`evmx gvbyl KyKyi weovDaggerji gDaggerZv evm KiDaggerQ| Avw`evmx gvbyl mcurrenuacuteordf`vqMZfvDaggere
GKDaggerIcirc evm bv KiDaggerj evuPDaggere bv| Lwb nDaggerj daggerZv AvgvDagger`i daggerRvi KDaggeri ZvwoDaggerq dagger`Daggere|
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KvbvKwoI cve bv|
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evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
134
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40 eQi aDaggeri axDaggeri axDaggeri Avgiv G GjvKvq emwZ MDaggero ZyDaggerjwQ| GjvKvi macrrsquovbxq
gvbyl AvgvDagger`i daggerKvDaggerbv `vg dagger`q bv| weDaggerq kvw`DaggerZ AvMOumlnx nq bv| GLb ADaggerbK w`b
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17
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135
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Khan et al 2012 Mahmud et al 2008 Murshid amp Wiig 2001)| GB
MDaggerelYvmg~n dagger_DaggerK KDaggerqKwU AbywmtimesvšIacute wPwyacuteZ Kiv hvq (1) Riexclvjvwb I we`yumlr LvDaggerZi wmtimesvšIacute
MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMY wbDaggerRDagger`i jvDaggerfi Avkvq eumlvcKfvDaggere
bvbvwea DcvDaggerq cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib hv G LvDaggerZ cOumlKDaggeriacutei SyuwK I eumlq evwoDaggerq daggerZvDaggerj (2)
ivRbwZKfvDaggere mswkoslashoacute ADaggerbK eumlemvqx weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi macrrsquovbxq GDaggerRDaggerrsaquoUi f~wgKv cvjb Kivi
bvDaggerg G wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq wewa ewnfcopy~Z cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib (3) GDaggerZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi daggerZvqvdegv
Kiv ADaggerbK mgq evav wnDaggermDaggere KvR KDaggeri dDaggerj Zv GwoDaggerq hvevi Pvc Zwi nq bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i
Dci (4) Gme wKQyi wbU djvdj `vuovq G LvDaggerZi KgcopyKvDaggerETH eumlvcK gvIcircvq `ybcopyxwZi Qvc| dDaggerj
RbmacrvDagger_copyi e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU I wKQy macrrsquovbxq I A rsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq
DDaggerV| dyjevox KqjvLwb Zvi GK RiexcljšIacute D`vniY|
1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
2017) ZvnDaggerj evsjvDagger`kDaggerK daggerKvb kwsup3 AvUDaggerK ivLDaggerQ eumlqeucircj Kqjvi gDaggerauml (Dagger`Lyb dviaeligK 2017) |
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
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35
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wewbDaggerqvM KZUv Ae`vb ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri G welDaggerq GKRb LumlvZbvgv A_copybxwZwe` h_v_copyfvDaggereB
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi Ici| Kviv Pywsup3 KiDaggerQ wK kDaggerZcopy Pywsup3 nDaggerrdquoQ Pywsup3 mcurrenuacutev`Daggerb cOumlwmicroqv macr^rdquoQ wQj wKbv-
Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
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miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
133
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19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
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Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
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35
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
134
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136
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msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
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2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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148
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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150
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38
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2015|
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Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
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wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
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2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
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135
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136
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DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
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daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
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wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
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chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
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Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
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Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
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2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
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miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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148
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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150
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38
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bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
136
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137
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18
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দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
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31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
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Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivLDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I miKvDaggerii bxwZwbacopyviKiv daggerh esup3euml cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei `wjjcIcirc mg_copyb KDaggeri bv| Avi Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq daggerhDaggernZy Avjv`v KDaggeri G Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3i OcircAZumlšIacute D`viOtilde kDaggerZcopyi KviDaggerY evsjvDagger`k G dagger_DaggerK Lye
jvfevb nDaggere Zv ejv hvq bv| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb mg~Daggerni mvDagger_ Mwie dagger`kcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ LwbR
mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml macr^vparawiZ wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB Hme dagger`Daggerki wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb bv
daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
nq (AvwdlaquoKvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ G wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYvi Rbuml dagger`Lyb Burgis 2015)|35
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
mvDagger_ macr^vparawiZ Pywsup3 daggerMvcb `wjj nIqvi KviDaggerY cvIqv bv daggerMDaggerjI Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi 2004 mvDaggerji
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2012)|
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35
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149
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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38
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152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
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RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
137
Kqjv AAcircDaggerji rsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli Gme AwfgZ bvbv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy welDaggerq AvgvDagger`i hellipwoacute AvKlcopyY
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nDaggerj dagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb mgmumlvi mgvavb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv GDaggerZ RvqMv cvq 2005-2017 mvDaggerji
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OcircKqjvi Lwb daggerbDaggere daggerKDaggero Rwg dagger`Daggere wfparavi Sywj
Avgiv gvwb bv wg_umlv Avkbrvbarvm DbœqDaggerbi eywjOtilde
Rwg-emZwfUv-mgvRmsmacrhellipwZ daggerKwrsaquo`ordfK macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli G bvbvwea daggereva dagger_DaggerKB Kqjv Lwb
weDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi fvlv I `vex Zwi nDaggerqDaggerQ hvi Dci wbfcopyi KDaggeriB 2005-2006 mvDaggerj
dyjevoxmn AvDaggerkcvDaggerki AAcircDaggerj LwbweDaggerivax cOumlPviYv msMwVZ nDaggerqDaggerQ| G AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi bvbv `vexi
cOumlwZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi wKsev Gwkqv GbvwRcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mvov dagger`qwb| GLDaggerbv Gwkqv GbvwRcopy gDaggerb
KDaggeri bv daggerh Kqjv AAcircDaggerj Zvi cOumlKDaggeriacutei daggerKvDaggerbv Rbmg_copyb daggerbB|18
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi hellipwoacuteDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
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Kivi gDaggerZv| dyjevox DcDaggerRjv daggerPqvigumlvb I dyjevox daggerci daggergqi (`yBevi) wbecopyvPDaggerb LwbweDaggerivax
msMVKivB Rqjvf KDaggeriDaggerQb| LwbweDaggerivax GB RbgZ wbDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki GKRb Riexclvjvwb weDaggerklAacute
eDaggerjb
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UyKiv w`DaggerqI KvDaggerQ wfovDaggerZ cviDaggere bv| Lwbi KvwiMwi w`K wbDaggerq GLb Avi Avjvc
KDaggeri jvf daggerbB| KvwiMwi w`K dagger_DaggerK Lwb Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerjI mvgvwRKivRpermilbwZK
KviDaggerY Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Avi AvMvDaggerZ cviDaggere bv GwU Zuviv fvjfvDaggere eyDaggerS DVDaggerZ
cvDaggeriwb|
18
2012 mvDaggerj GK Rwic KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopy RvbDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerh Lwb AAcircDaggerji daggerewki fvM gvbyl ZvDagger`i cOumlKiacuteDaggerK
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Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G Z_uml cOumlKvk KDaggeriDaggerQ Ges Z`šIacute `jDaggerK GB cOumlwZDaggere`b daggerMvcb ivLvi civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQ| G cOumlwZDaggere`b
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claquowZDaggere`b macr^rdquoQZvi LvwZDaggeriB cOumlKvwkZ nIqv `iKvi| 2012 mvDaggerj gvV MDaggerelYvi mgq wKQy `wjjcIcirc (Daggerhgb RwiDaggerc
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mvDagger_ mvparavZKvi welDaggerq eYcopybv) cvIqv hvq hv Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvgvwRK MDaggerelYvi ctimeswZ I MDaggerelYvi bwZKZv
mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ welqDaggerK cOumlkœwetimes KDaggeri|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
138
AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ rsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli cOumlwZev` AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvq19
2006 mvDaggerji 26
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Dbœqb cwiKiacutebv hvPvBDaggerqi Rbuml) ZuvDagger`i cOumlwZDaggere`b Rgv dagger`b hvDaggerZ daggerek wKQy AvBwb I KvwiMwi
microwU DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri Zv evwZDaggerji mycvwik KDaggerib (wbD GR 25 daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006)| ZrKvjxb
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Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerq wbDagger copyk dagger`b (wbD GR 30 daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^i 2006)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi AbyDaggerivDaggera
AvBb gšiquestYvjq AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixDagger`i mvDagger_ miKvDaggerii macr^vparawiZ Pywsup3i AvBwb daggerKvDaggerbv wfwEuml daggerbB eDaggerj
AwfgZ w`Daggerj (cOuml_g AvDaggerjv 1 daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2007) AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixDagger`i gDaggerauml Zxeordf cOumlwZwmicroqv dagger`Lv
dagger`q (cOuml_g AvDaggerjv 5 daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2007)| nvBDaggerKvDaggerU copyi GKRb cOumlvsup3b wePviK G gZ dagger`b daggerh
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy H Pywsup3i AskweDaggerkl cvjb KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvB evsjvDagger`Daggerki Pywsup3 AvBb Abyhvqx H Pywsup3
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daggerZgb daggerKvDaggerbv DDagger`umlvM daggerbqwb miKvi| mcurrencenteZ G RwUjZvi KviDaggerY eZcopygvb cOumlavvbgšiquestx Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK mfvq eDaggerjb daggerh GLb wKsev fwelumlDaggerZ dyjevox Kqjv Lwb ivRbwZK weDaggerePbvq
ev Iacuteevqb Kiv mcurrencente nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi GwcOumlj 11 2010)| 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KgcopyKZcopyvMY 2006 mvDaggerji Pywsup3 jsNb KDaggeri miKvwi ZrciZvq20
dyjevoxDaggerZ cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerZ daggerMDaggerj rsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggeriva Avevi gv_vPvov w`Daggerq DDaggerV| daggerm mgq cwiwmacrrsquowZ daggergvKvDaggerejvi Rbuml
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi DcDagger`oacutev eDaggerjDaggerQb OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy iumlaygvIcirc mvDaggerfcopy Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute
daggercDaggerqDaggerQ Lwb DbœqDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv jvBDaggermYacute ZvDagger`i dagger`qv nqwb| Zuvi gDaggerZ weDagger`kx eucircRvwZK
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Oslashviv dagger`Daggerki RvZxq macr^v_copy iparav nDaggere bv| daggerhDaggernZy G cOumlKDaggeriacute wekvj msLumlK gvbyl DDaggerrdquoQ`
nDaggere ZvB G wbDaggerq miKvi h_vh_fvDaggere chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri dagger`LDaggereOacute (dvBbvwYacuteqvj GmiddotDaggercOumlm 30
bDaggerfcurreni 2012)| GiB avivevwnKZvq Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq 2015 mvDaggerji iumliaeligi w`DaggerK Avevi Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi DDagger`umlvM MOumlnY KDaggeri (cOuml_g AvDaggerjv22 Rvbyqvwi 2015)|
19
Ocircdyjevox iparav KwgwUOtilde cOumlavbgšiquestx eivei GKwU macrsectviK wjwc `kevi daggercOumliY KiDaggerjI daggerKvDaggerbv Reve ev miKvwi daggerKvDaggerbv
DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nqwb| 20
macrivoacutelaquo gšiquestYvjq dagger_DaggerK ADaggerplusmnvei 2012 macrrsquovbxq cOumlkvmbDaggerK Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK mnDaggerhvwMZv Kivi Rbuml wbDagger`copyk dagger`qv
nDaggerqDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi mgq `ywU wPwVi Kwc msMOumln Kiv nq|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
139
hw`I H Pywsup3 GLDaggerbv evwZj nqwb 2010-2016 mgqKvDaggerj axDaggeri axDaggeri dyjevox KqjvLwb
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miKvwi esup3euml dagger_DaggerK dyjevox
KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei ghellipZyuml mnDaggerRB Abygvb Kiv daggerMDaggerjI Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cumlvDaggerirsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb (wRwmGg
wiDaggermvDaggermcopym wcGjwm) dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger`wLDaggerqB jUcircb divideK GKDaggerPDaggerAumli Rywbqi gvDaggerKcopyDaggerU daggerkqvi
eumlemv KDaggeri hvDaggerrdquoQ Ges Aaxi AvMOumlDaggern ADaggercparav KiDaggerQ GB Avkvq daggerh Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq kxNordfB Zvi
Lwb cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere (GCM 2016 2017)|
5| Kqjv Dbœqb fvebvq Khellipwl I `vwi`ordf
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy miKvwi wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc Kqjv AAcircDaggerji Khellipwl I
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Lwb DbœqDaggerbi bvbv RwUjZv daggercwiDaggerq 2005 mvDaggerj f~Mfcopy rsquo ctimeswZDaggerZ G Lwb dagger_DaggerK Drcv`b iumliaelig
nq| iumliaelig dagger_DaggerKB f~wg Aebgb NUDaggerZ _vDaggerK| 2009 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK GwU eumlvcK AvKvi aviY KDaggeri|
kZ kZ GKi avwb Rwg dagger`Daggere hvq| RxweKvi GKgvIcirc Drm nvwiDaggerq cOumlvq 13 MOumlvDaggergi gvbyl Amnvq
nDaggerq cDaggero| hZB Lwbi Drcv`b evoDaggere ZZB Rwg dagger`Daggere hvevi nvi evoDaggere hw`I miKvwifvDaggere Zv
KLDaggerbv daggerNvlYv Kiv nqwb| Gme Z_uml Rvbvi macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK iumliaelig dagger_DaggerKB
AeAacutev Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi 30 eQDaggeri 42 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi GjvKv 2 wgUvi chcopyšIacute ZwjDaggerq hvDaggere eDaggerj
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK myIcirc msev` gvaumlgDaggerK RvwbDaggerqDaggerQ (daggerWBwj dividevi 18 Rvbyqvwi 2009)|
eocyKywiqv KqjvLwb Zwii mgq f~wg dagger`Daggere hvevi welqwU mcurrenuacute~Ycopy AMOumlvnuml Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi
bKkvq GwU AšIacutefcopyysup3 Kiv nqwb| GDaggerZ Lwbi eumlq KDaggergDaggerQ wKšlsquo Gi gviumlj w`DaggerrdquoQ fysup3DaggerfvMx RbMY|
21
GmgqKvDaggerj MYgvaumlDaggerg cOumlKvwkZ cOumlavbgšiquestx I Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi EaŸcopyZb KgcopyKZcopyvDagger`i esup3eumlDaggerK cOumlgvY wnmvDaggere ZyDaggerj
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mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
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147
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2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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148
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
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cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
138
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2006 mvDaggerji 26
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1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
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143
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msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
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GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
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ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
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26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
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AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
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AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
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KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
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29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
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31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
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145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
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2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
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miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
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gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
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ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
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mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
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wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
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(2011-2015) wQj|
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dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
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dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
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dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
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(GCM 2017)|
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2012)|
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35
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149
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LwbRmcurrenuacute` DDaggerEumlvjDaggerb wbDaggerqvwRZ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv Ki dvuwK dagger`qvi Rbuml OcircUumlvmiddot daggernDaggerfbOtilde bvDaggerg cwiwPZ
dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
DDaggerjoslashLuml AdDaggerkvi
AumlvKvDrsaquoU welDaggerq weGBPwc ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii mDaggerfrac12 weDaggerkl dagger`b`ievi KDaggeriwQj (wRwmGg
2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
AeKvkmn Abumlvbuml myweav w`DaggerqDaggerQ| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerk weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM wbDaggerq RvwZmsDaggerNi
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mgvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (UNCTAD 201378-79)| Gme welq weDaggerePbvq wbDaggerq ejv hvq G
aiDaggerbi Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL KqjvLwbi AbyDaggergv`b w`Daggerq we yumlr msKU jvNe KDaggeri gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`k
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wewbDaggerqvM KZUv Ae`vb ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri G welDaggerq GKRb LumlvZbvgv A_copybxwZwe` h_v_copyfvDaggereB
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
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Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
139
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Zvi Reve cvIqv hvDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerYi ivRbxwZ I mvaviY A_copybxwZi
eumlemacrrsquovcbvq `ybcopyxwZ GB `yB welDaggerqi GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYv dagger_DaggerK (Ahmad 2001 Khan 2013
Khan et al 2012 Mahmud et al 2008 Murshid amp Wiig 2001)| GB
MDaggerelYvmg~n dagger_DaggerK KDaggerqKwU AbywmtimesvšIacute wPwyacuteZ Kiv hvq (1) Riexclvjvwb I we`yumlr LvDaggerZi wmtimesvšIacute
MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMY wbDaggerRDagger`i jvDaggerfi Avkvq eumlvcKfvDaggere
bvbvwea DcvDaggerq cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib hv G LvDaggerZ cOumlKDaggeriacutei SyuwK I eumlq evwoDaggerq daggerZvDaggerj (2)
ivRbwZKfvDaggere mswkoslashoacute ADaggerbK eumlemvqx weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi macrrsquovbxq GDaggerRDaggerrsaquoUi f~wgKv cvjb Kivi
bvDaggerg G wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq wewa ewnfcopy~Z cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib (3) GDaggerZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi daggerZvqvdegv
Kiv ADaggerbK mgq evav wnDaggermDaggere KvR KDaggeri dDaggerj Zv GwoDaggerq hvevi Pvc Zwi nq bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i
Dci (4) Gme wKQyi wbU djvdj `vuovq G LvDaggerZi KgcopyKvDaggerETH eumlvcK gvIcircvq `ybcopyxwZi Qvc| dDaggerj
RbmacrvDagger_copyi e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU I wKQy macrrsquovbxq I A rsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq
DDaggerV| dyjevox KqjvLwb Zvi GK RiexcljšIacute D`vniY|
1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
2017) ZvnDaggerj evsjvDagger`kDaggerK daggerKvb kwsup3 AvUDaggerK ivLDaggerQ eumlqeucircj Kqjvi gDaggerauml (Dagger`Lyb dviaeligK 2017) |
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
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2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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35
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mgvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (UNCTAD 201378-79)| Gme welq weDaggerePbvq wbDaggerq ejv hvq G
aiDaggerbi Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL KqjvLwbi AbyDaggergv`b w`Daggerq we yumlr msKU jvNe KDaggeri gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`k
nIqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc mdj nIqv hvDaggere bv| Avi A_copybwZK AMOumlMwZDaggerZ G aiDaggerbi Pywsup3DaggerKwrsaquo ordfK weDagger`kx
wewbDaggerqvM KZUv Ae`vb ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri G welDaggerq GKRb LumlvZbvgv A_copybxwZwe` h_v_copyfvDaggereB
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi Ici| Kviv Pywsup3 KiDaggerQ wK kDaggerZcopy Pywsup3 nDaggerrdquoQ Pywsup3 mcurrenuacutev`Daggerb cOumlwmicroqv macr^rdquoQ wQj wKbv-
Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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wbDaggerq fveDaggerZ nDaggere| 2005 mvj dagger_DaggerK macrrsquovbxq gvbyl I cDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK msMVb
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
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miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
140
Lwb GjvKvq Gi cOumlfvDaggere wK aiDaggerbi Av_copymvgvwRK cwiwmacrrsquowZ Zwi nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv wbDaggerq G chcopyšIacute Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerKvDaggerbv MDaggerelYv KDaggeriwb| eZcopygvDaggerbi f~Mfcopy rsquo ctimeswZi Lwb DEumli I `wparaY w`DaggerK mcurrencOumlmviY
Kiv nDaggere eDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq wmtimesvšIacute wbDaggerqDaggerQ wKšlsquo Gi dDaggerj H AAcircDaggerj Khellipwl f~wg KhelliplK-
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daggerbqvi K_v daggerkvbv hvq bv|
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daggerWdividelaquovKkbOtilde Gi Kgcopym~wP gDaggerb KDaggerib|22
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daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
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wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
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Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
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chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
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MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
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Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
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31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
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145
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Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
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ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
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UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
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148
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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38
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
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2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
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cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
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141
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23
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(Howladar 2016382)| 24
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142
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ivRbwZKfvDaggere mswkoslashoacute ADaggerbK eumlemvqx weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi macrrsquovbxq GDaggerRDaggerrsaquoUi f~wgKv cvjb Kivi
bvDaggerg G wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq wewa ewnfcopy~Z cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib (3) GDaggerZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi daggerZvqvdegv
Kiv ADaggerbK mgq evav wnDaggermDaggere KvR KDaggeri dDaggerj Zv GwoDaggerq hvevi Pvc Zwi nq bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i
Dci (4) Gme wKQyi wbU djvdj `vuovq G LvDaggerZi KgcopyKvDaggerETH eumlvcK gvIcircvq `ybcopyxwZi Qvc| dDaggerj
RbmacrvDagger_copyi e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU I wKQy macrrsquovbxq I A rsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq
DDaggerV| dyjevox KqjvLwb Zvi GK RiexcljšIacute D`vniY|
1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
2017) ZvnDaggerj evsjvDagger`kDaggerK daggerKvb kwsup3 AvUDaggerK ivLDaggerQ eumlqeucircj Kqjvi gDaggerauml (Dagger`Lyb dviaeligK 2017) |
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
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34
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147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
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dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
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dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
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msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
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evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
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bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
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Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM cOumlDaggerkœ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri _vDaggerK DaggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki (45 kZvsk)
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IqvwKenvj Zviv RvDaggerbb Kx KDaggeri eucircRvwZK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi PZyi wnmve-wbKvk ZvDagger`i jvDaggerfi Afrac14DaggerK
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mvcurrencOumlwZK GKUv D`vniY GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashL KiDaggerj GwU eySDaggerZ myweav nDaggere | 2012 mvDaggerj
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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2008)| GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`b gDaggerZ Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Zviv OcircAdDaggerkvi
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
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Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
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evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
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miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
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miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
142
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K_v weDaggerePbv KDaggeri Kqjv daggerZvjvi macr^cDaggerpara ejDaggereb| wKšlsquo Kqjv AAcircDaggerji wekvj RbDaggerMvocircxi KjumlvDaggerYi
K_v weDaggerePbvq wbDaggerq Kqjvi eumlenvi MfxifvDaggere chcopyvDaggerjvPbv Kiv `iKvi|25
6| weDaggerkoslashlY weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM ybcopyxwZ I Kqjv Dbœqb
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evsjvDagger`Daggerk GK `viaeligb bwRi macrrsquovcb KDaggeriDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerji 26 AvMdivide dyjevox knDaggerii wbgZjv
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ivRbwZK GwjUMY G mgDaggerSvZv macrsectviKDaggerK GKUv Ocircdigumlvj Pywsup3Otildei ghcopyv`v w`Daggerq cwic~YcopyfvDaggere
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Zvi Reve cvIqv hvDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerYi ivRbxwZ I mvaviY A_copybxwZi
eumlemacrrsquovcbvq `ybcopyxwZ GB `yB welDaggerqi GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYv dagger_DaggerK (Ahmad 2001 Khan 2013
Khan et al 2012 Mahmud et al 2008 Murshid amp Wiig 2001)| GB
MDaggerelYvmg~n dagger_DaggerK KDaggerqKwU AbywmtimesvšIacute wPwyacuteZ Kiv hvq (1) Riexclvjvwb I we`yumlr LvDaggerZi wmtimesvšIacute
MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMY wbDaggerRDagger`i jvDaggerfi Avkvq eumlvcKfvDaggere
bvbvwea DcvDaggerq cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib hv G LvDaggerZ cOumlKDaggeriacutei SyuwK I eumlq evwoDaggerq daggerZvDaggerj (2)
ivRbwZKfvDaggere mswkoslashoacute ADaggerbK eumlemvqx weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi macrrsquovbxq GDaggerRDaggerrsaquoUi f~wgKv cvjb Kivi
bvDaggerg G wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY cOumlwmicroqvq wewa ewnfcopy~Z cOumlfve wemacrIacutevi KDaggerib (3) GDaggerZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi daggerZvqvdegv
Kiv ADaggerbK mgq evav wnDaggermDaggere KvR KDaggeri dDaggerj Zv GwoDaggerq hvevi Pvc Zwi nq bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i
Dci (4) Gme wKQyi wbU djvdj `vuovq G LvDaggerZi KgcopyKvDaggerETH eumlvcK gvIcircvq `ybcopyxwZi Qvc| dDaggerj
RbmacrvDagger_copyi e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU I wKQy macrrsquovbxq I A rsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq
DDaggerV| dyjevox KqjvLwb Zvi GK RiexcljšIacute D`vniY|
1994 mvDaggerj weGBPwci mvDagger_ ZLbKvi cOumlPwjZ Lwb wewagvjvi OcirciqumlvjwU msmicrovšIacuteOtilde wewa jsNb
KDaggeri dagger`Daggerki DEumlivAcircDaggerj KqjvLwb AbymUumlvb I Dbœqb Pywsup3 macr^vparai Kiv nq| 1998 mvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ H Pywsup3 n IacutevšIacutei Kiv nq| DDaggerjoslashLuml Daggerh weGBPwci wekvj Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wnDaggermDaggere
25
kOumlxjsKv hw` 2050 mvDaggerji gDaggerauml kZKiv 100 fvM bevqbDaggerhvMuml Riexclvjvwbi w`DaggerK avweZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri (UNDP
2017) ZvnDaggerj evsjvDagger`kDaggerK daggerKvb kwsup3 AvUDaggerK ivLDaggerQ eumlqeucircj Kqjvi gDaggerauml (Dagger`Lyb dviaeligK 2017) |
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
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2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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35
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mgvDaggerjvPbv Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (UNCTAD 201378-79)| Gme welq weDaggerePbvq wbDaggerq ejv hvq G
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
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Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
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evsjvDagger`Daggerki Riexclvjvwb LvDaggerZ nwicyi daggerZjDaggerparaIcirc dagger_DaggerK iumliaelig KDaggeri Gi daggerekwKQy bwRi AvDaggerQ (dagger`Lyb
Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
7| Dcmsnvi
evsjvDagger`Daggerk Khellipwl Rwg cOumlwZ eQiB KgDaggerQ| Khellipwl Rwg webvk KDaggeri Ges cvwb cwiDaggerek I Rxe
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
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miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
143
KvDaggerRi AwfAacuteZv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI H mgq miKvi mgq wbDaggerq (GgbwK RvwZmsDaggerNi GK weDaggerklDaggerAacutei
gZvgZ wbDaggerq) 1994 mvDaggerj Pywsup3 macr^vparai KDaggeriDaggerQ| A_P 1998 mvDaggerj miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv cixparav-wbixparav
KDaggeriwb daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy wK aiDaggerbi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Ges weGBPwc wK AvBbmcurrensectZfvDaggere n IacutevšIacutei cOumlwmicroqv
mcurrenuacutebœ KDaggeriDaggerQ 2006 mvDaggerji Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi GK weDaggerklAacute KwgwU mycvwik KDaggeriwQDaggerjb daggerh
weGBPwci mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 we`umlgvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` nDaggerq hvIqvq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi KvDaggerQ daggermwU n IacutevšIacutei Kivi daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwmicroqvi weGBPwci wQj bv| A_P Giƒc GKwU
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi nvDaggerZB miKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki meDaggerPDaggerq eo Lwbi `vwqZiexcl n IacutevšIacutei KDaggeri| AvDaggerMB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh iumlaygvIcirc dyjevox Kqjv Lwbi Pywsup3 cvevi jDaggerparaB weGBPwcOtildei yRb wmwbqi gumlvDaggerbRvi
ADaggerdividelaquojxq GKwU Lwb welqK BbDaggerfdivideDaggergrsaquoU daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Dci fi KDaggeri G daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeri Ges
OcircgumlvDaggerbRgumlvrsaquoU evB-AvDUOtilde ctimeswZDaggerZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii AbyDaggergv`Daggerb weGBPwc dagger_DaggerK G Lwb
msmicrovšIacute gvwjKvbv daggercDaggerqDaggerQ|26
`yDaggerUv cOumlkœ macr^vfvweKfvDaggereB RvDaggerM (1) daggerKb 1994 mvDaggerj miKvi Lwbwewa gvDaggerbwb (2) daggerKb
1998 mvDaggerj miKvi ZwjDaggerq dagger`DaggerLwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Av`DaggerZ daggerKvDaggerbv Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wKbv| c~Daggerecopy
DDaggerjoslashwLZ cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy MDaggerelYvKgcopy dagger_DaggerK wPwyacuteZ AbywmtimesvDaggeršIacutei daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq RbmacrvDagger_copyi
e`Daggerj Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU Ges wKQy macrrsquovbxq I Amacrrsquovbxq gyrmywIuml daggerMvocircxi macrv_copy eo nDaggerq DVvq
GgbwU Kiv mcurrencente nDaggerqDaggerQ| 2006 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq MwVZ weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
Lwb Dbœqb cOumlmacrIacutevebv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri eDaggerj daggerh GwU AvBwb A_copybwZK KvwiMwi I cwiDaggerekMZ
w`K dagger_DaggerK AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml GKwU cOumlKiacute| 2012 mvDaggerj MwVZ AvDaggeriKwU weDaggerklAacute KwgwUI GDaggerZ eumlvcK
IcircaeligwU wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri| A_P G cOumlKDaggeriacutei iumlfvbyumlaumlvqx wnDaggermDaggere Avgjv ivRbwZK GwjU weDagger`kx
K~UbxwZK eumlemvqx I Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi bvbv gvDaggerci jwedivideMY 2005-2013 chcopyšIacute Gi cDaggerpara hywsup3
ZyDaggerj aDaggeriDaggerQ|27
G welqwU mwVKfvDaggere AbyaveDaggerbi Rbuml Gi mvDagger_ AviI wZbwU welq daggerhvM Kiv
`iKvi |
cOuml_gZ mviv wekbrvbareumlvcx KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerb miKvwiDaggeremiKvwi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi AskMOumlnDaggerYi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
miKvi LwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i Dci gvwjKvbv daggernZy iqumlvjwU avhcopy KDaggeri|28
G iqumlvjwUi nvi wdmiddotW _vDaggerK
bv mgDaggerq mgDaggerq miKvi c OumlAacutevcb Rvwi KDaggeri GwU nvjbvMv` KDaggeri daggerewki fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc GwU evovDaggerbv
nq| wKšlsquo evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerparaDaggerIcirc wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`Lv hvq| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Lwbi RxebKvjxb (35
dagger_DaggerK 38 eQi ev ZviI daggerewk) mgDaggerq iqumlvjwUi nvi AcwiewZcopyZ _vKDaggere daggerm wbethqZv evsjvDagger`Daggerki
bxwZwbacopyviKMY ZvDagger`i w`DaggerqDaggerQ (AEC 2004c)| 2006 mvDaggerji Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov
msmacriDaggerY iqumlvjwUOtildei nvi evovDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc rsquovbxq KvDaggerR eumleuumlZ Kqjv I iszligvwbi Rbuml wbacopyvwiZ
Kqjvi Rbuml Kqjvi g~Daggerjumli daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Avjv`v Avjv`v iqumlvjwU wbacopyviDaggerYi Rbuml GKUv dgycopyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve
26
G welDaggerq dagger`Lyb The Financial Times (2004) ldquoAsia Energy wins coal licencerdquo 19 April
p23| 27
DDaggerjoslashL Kiv `iKvi evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi G wbDaggerq Awdwmqvwj daggerKvDaggerbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb GgbwK dyjevox
AAcircDaggerj G welDaggerq miKvDaggerii daggerKvDaggerbv ZrciZv daggerm mgq wQj bv AvRI daggerbB| 28
daggerhgb 2012 mvDaggerj fviZ Kqjvi iqumlvjwU evwoDaggerqDaggerQ dagger`Lyb The Hindu (2012) OgraveCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal ligniteOacute 12 April
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
RvZxq Kqjv bxwZ 13 eQi (2005-2017) aDaggeri Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy Aemacrrsquovq AvDaggerQ|30
daggerKb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyDaggerK Ggb myweav dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ hv GgbwK fviDaggerZ dagger`qv nq bv Zvi DEumli wbwnZ AvDaggerQ DcDaggeri
DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
wbgcopyvDaggerYi Rbuml miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Lwb BRviv cvevi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri| c~DaggerecopyB DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi wbecopyvnx KgcopyKZcopyvDaggerK KwgwUi GK m`muml Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv bv dagger`evi
eumlvcvDaggeri wRDaggerAacutem KiDaggerj wZwb Rvbvb daggerh miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcli mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy
KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
(daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi mDaggerfrac12 Pywsup3 macr^vparai I dyjevoxDaggerZ wdwRwewjwU dividevwWi mgDaggerq Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
19682004 mvj chcopyšIacute msDaggerkvabxmn) Abyhvqx Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK cOuml_Daggerg
wewa daggergvZvDaggereK AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw copyoacute RvqMvi gDaggerauml wKQy kDaggerZcopyi AaxDaggerb AbymUumlvDaggerbi
Rbuml jvBDaggermYacute dagger`qv nq wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi Rbuml| G mgq daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wewfbœ aiDaggerbi cixparav-wbixparav
PvwjDaggerq Avw_copyK mvgvwRK cwiDaggerekMZ I KvwiMwi cOumlwZDaggere`b Zwi KDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml GKUv
29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
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148
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
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bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
bxDaggerPi Zjvq G wbDaggerq wK fvebv RvDaggerM ZvI AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ nDaggere| Riexclvjvwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi
macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
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Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
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miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
144
Kivq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb AvcwEuml Rvbvq|29
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I wewfbœ daggerMvocircxi bvbv ZrciZvi KviDaggerY
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daggerKb Gwkqv
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DDaggerjoslashwLZ AbywmtimesvšIacutemg~Daggern|
wOslashZxqZ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2005 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnvei gvDaggerm Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ dyjevoxDaggerZ KqjvLwb
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weGBPwc dyjevoxi Kqjvi MfxiZv Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi DcDaggerhvMx bq eDaggerj Lwb DbœqDaggerb AvMOumlnx
nqwb| A_P ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi mvDagger_ mgDaggerSvZvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ (daggerWBwj dividevi 1
daggermDaggerTHORNcurreni 2006 cOuml_g cvZv) Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi cOumlmacrIacuteve w`DaggerqDaggerQ| Lwbi BRviv daggerbevi
Rbuml Kiv AvDaggere`Daggerb Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevweZ g~Daggerjumli kZKiv 3 fvM A_copy eumlvsK MumlviwrsaquoU
wnDaggermDaggere cOuml`vb KiDaggerZ nDaggere| G A_copy miKvi Lwbwewa daggergvZvDaggereK iqumlvjwU evrmwiK bvbv wd I
Abumlvbuml eDaggerKqv wbwethZ Kivi Rbuml wbDaggerq _vDaggerKb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi gDaggerZ Zviv Lwb ZwiDaggerZ cOumlv_wgK
chcopyvDaggerq AvovB wewjqb Wjvi wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggereb| Lwbi RxebKvjxb AviI mvDaggero `k wewjqb Wjvi
wewbDaggerqvM KiDaggere| Lwb dagger_DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii cOumlZumlpara Avq nDaggere cOumlvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi| Gme
ADaggerfrac14i daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Abygvb Kiv hvq daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Lwbi daggergvU g~juml cOumlvdegjb KDaggeriDaggerQ| daggerm wnmvDaggere
miKvDaggerii daggerKvlvMvDaggeri Lwb DbœqDaggerbi AbygwZ jvDaggerfi AvDaggere`Daggerbi mvDagger_ kZKiv 3 fvM nvDaggeri eumlvsK
MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qwb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy| evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa Abyhvqx eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Qvov H
AvDaggere`b Amcurrenuacute~Ycopy I AMOumlnYDaggerhvMuml| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Zv nqwb| 2007 mvDaggerj daggermbv wbqwšiquestZ daggerKqviDaggerUKvi
miKvDaggerii mgDaggerq KqjvbxwZ Zwii Rbuml MwVZ civgkcopyK KwgwUi mvDagger_ gZwewbgqKvDaggerj Gwkqv
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KDaggeri G welqwU Zvuiv wbreguacutewEuml KDaggeriDaggerQb ZvB eumlvsK MumlvivwrsaquoU Rgv dagger`qv nqwb| 31
ZhellipZxqZ evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ AvBb weDaggerkl KDaggeri Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
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29
দদখন Daily Star (2006) ldquoCoal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow export to yield
higher royaltyrdquo 9 July (পরথম পাতা)| 30
dagger`Lyb OcircevsjvDagger`k KqjvbxwZ 2010 (cOumlmacrIacutevweZ Lmov) Gi Dci daggerZj Mumlvm LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwUOtildei gšIacuteeuml I esup3eumlOtilde (24 bDaggerfcurren^i 2010 XvKvi gywsup3 feDaggerb AbywocircZ msev` mDaggercurrensectjDaggerb cwVZ) 27
daggerdelaquoyqvwi 2008 AbywocircZ gZwewbgq mfvq evsjvDagger`k A_copybxwZ mwgwZ (Mumlvm-DaggerZj-Kqjv welqK bvMwiK Kwgkb)Gi
DcmacrrsquovwcZ wjwLZ esup3euml OcircKqjvbxwZ Ges daggerZj-Mumlvm AbymUumlvbOtilde|
31 dagger`Lyb New Age (2007) ldquoPhulbari contract covers mining lease claims Asia Energyrdquo 1
December
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivLDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I miKvDaggerii bxwZwbacopyviKiv daggerh esup3euml cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei `wjjcIcirc mg_copyb KDaggeri bv| Avi Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq daggerhDaggernZy Avjv`v KDaggeri G Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3i OcircAZumlšIacute D`viOtilde kDaggerZcopyi KviDaggerY evsjvDagger`k G dagger_DaggerK Lye
jvfevb nDaggere Zv ejv hvq bv| DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb mg~Daggerni mvDagger_ Mwie dagger`kcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ LwbR
mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml macr^vparawiZ wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB Hme dagger`Daggerki wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb bv
daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
nq (AvwdlaquoKvi daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ G wbDaggerq wek` MDaggerelYvi Rbuml dagger`Lyb Burgis 2015)|35
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
mvDagger_ macr^vparawiZ Pywsup3 daggerMvcb `wjj nIqvi KviDaggerY cvIqv bv daggerMDaggerjI Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi 2004 mvDaggerji
GKwU cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Pywsup3-mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ wKQy Z_uml cvIqv hvq hv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri ejv hvq daggerh dyjevox
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2012)|
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35
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149
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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38
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152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
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Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
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mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
145
cwiKiacutebvI mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`Daggere| GwU chcopyvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri miKvi mšlsquooacute nDaggerj
Lwb DbœqDaggerbi Rbuml KZcedilDaggerjv kDaggerZcopyi AvIZvq OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde cOuml`vb KiDaggere| A_P dyjevoxi daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb| Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2000 mvDaggerjB Zviv
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeri hv 2004-Gi GwcOumlj gvDaggerm dagger`qv nq| GiB
gDaggerauml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb jUcircDaggerbi daggerkqvievRvDaggeri wbeUumlb KDaggeri daggerkqvi daggerQDaggeroDaggerQ hvDaggerZ dyjevox KqjvLwbDaggerK
ZvDagger`i Ocircg~j mcurrenuacute`Otilde wnDaggermDaggere dagger`LvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ|32
2004 mvDaggerj gvBwbs wjR cvIqvDaggerK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
Ocircwekvj ARcopybOtilde wnDaggermDaggere Lwb wewbDaggerqvM-msmicrovšIacute bvbv AvšIacuteRcopyvwZK msev` gvaumlDaggerg (`uml dvBbvwYacuteqvj
UvBgm I `umlv MvwWcopyqvb) djvI KDaggeri cOumlPvi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj daggerkqvDaggerii `vgI daggereDaggeroDaggerQ| GgbwK
miKvDaggerii KvDaggerQ Rgv dagger`qv Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq Lwbi g~j GjvKvi (Gwiqv-we1921 daggernplusmni)
Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ| A_P mZuml welq nDaggerjv 2004 mvDaggerji 1
GwcOumlj LwbR Dbœqb eyumlDaggeriv dagger_DaggerK Rvwi Kiv gvBwbs wjR-msmicrovšIacute wPwV evwZj KDaggeri 11 gvPcopy 2004-
G Rvwi Kiv wPwV envj ivLv nq| 11 gvDaggerPcopyi wPwVDaggerZ ejv nq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Gwiqv-weOtildei Rbuml
gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv nDaggerqDaggerQ iumlay mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml|33
GLvDaggerb GUv wPwyacuteZ Kiv Lye Riaeligwi
daggerh mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml AbymUumlvb jvBDaggermYacuteB g~j `wjj| Avi Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv
(2012) daggerZ mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav Kivi Rbuml gvBwbs wjR dagger`qvi daggerKvDaggerbv weavb daggerbB| LwbR Dbœqb
eyumlDaggeriv daggerKvb weDaggerePbvq I Kvi macr^vDagger_copy 2004 mvDaggerji 11 gvPcopy OcircgvBwbs wjROtilde (Zv daggerh DDaggerIumlDaggerkumlB daggernvK
bv daggerKb) DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri wPwV w`DaggerqDaggerQ Zv GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy cOumlkœ| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
eumlvLumlv KDaggeriDaggerQ hv evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwb wewamcurrensectZ bq| Abumlw`DaggerK Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000 mvDaggerji
bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri daggerKvb AvBwb m~DaggerIcirc gvBwbs wjDaggerRi Rbuml AvDaggere`b KDaggeriDaggerQ ZvI cwiregvi bq| daggerm mgq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy wmtimesvšIacute daggerbq daggerh gvBwbs wjR dagger`qv bv nDaggerj Zviv eumlqeucircj mcurrencentveumlZv mgxparav KiDaggere bv| A_P
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lwbwewa G aiDaggerbi wmtimesvšIacute AbyDaggergv`b KDaggeri bv|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ wZbwU welq dagger_DaggerK daggerevSv hvq miKvDaggerii DrdquoP chcopyvDaggerqi ivRbwZK daggerbZhellipDaggerZiexcl
PvBDaggerjB evsjvDagger`Daggerki cOumlPwjZ AvBb KvbyDaggerbi cOumlDaggerqvM DweumlDaggerq dagger`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mvDaggerji
ewkbrvbarK OcircwiDaggermvmcopy MfDaggerbcopyYacute BbDaggerWmiddotOtilde cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`kmn Dbœqbkxj
ADaggerbK dagger`k cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv G mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ eumlemacrrsquovcbvi `vwiDagger ordfumli KviDaggerY
dDaggerj Guiv wbRmacr AvBbKvbyb (hw`I Zv AcOumlZyj) wbDaggerRivB daggergDaggerb PDaggerj bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`umlvgvb AvBb DDaggercparav KDaggeri LwbRmcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi Gme c`Daggerparac iumlay Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi weZDaggerKcopyB
mxgvetimes daggerbB| evsjvDagger`Daggerki ivoacutelaquo ivRbxwZ I cOumlkvmb welqK GKvDaggerWwgK MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwšiquestK ivRbwZKcOumlkvmwbK KvVvDaggergv ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggere cOumlfvekvjx eumlwsup3 I daggerMvocircxi
KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi Rvj daggerKgb fqven iƒc avib KDaggeriDaggerQ| G welDaggerq ivRbwZK A_copybxwZi KvVvDaggergvi
32
2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrenuacutewKcopyZ msm`xq KwgwU GDaggerK daggereAvBwb eDaggerj wPwyacuteZ KDaggeri Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi weiaeligDaggertimes
eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggerZ Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjqDaggerK mycvwik KDaggerib (daggerWBwj mvb 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)| 33
এই চিঠি দট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB (2006) এর পচরচিটে ১৩ মাটি ের চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে ldquohellipin the interest
of preparing feasibility report amp submitting the report to the Government the
Government of the Peoplersquos Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area ldquoBrdquo (1921 hectares)helliprdquo
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
AvDaggerjvDaggerK Kiv mvcurrencOumlwZK GK weDaggerkoslashlDaggerY DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh KvDaggerqwg macr^vDagger_copyi G Rvj evsjvDagger`Daggerki
ivoacuteordfhšiquestDaggerKB Kacircv (state capture) KDaggeri daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ Ges mykvmb cOumlwZocircvq kwsup3kvjx evav nDaggerq
`vuwoDaggerqDaggerQ (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwšiquestK mgvR ZwiDaggerZ evav wnDaggermDaggereB KvR KDaggeri Giƒc
daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi `wjj-` IacutevDaggereR Ges jUcircDaggerb mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i Rbuml Zwi Kiv cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb
wfbœ wPIcirc dagger`LDaggerZ cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mvDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Zwi Kiv WKyDaggergrsaquoUvwiDaggerZI
(Ocircdyjevox- `uml daggerKvj KumlvwcUvj Ae evsjvDagger`kOtilde) GwU AZumlšIacute cwiregvifvDaggere nvwRi Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb G welDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv ivLXvK KDaggeriwb daggerKbbv Gi wfwEumlDaggerZB Zviv cyDaggeriv Lwb cOumlKiacute `vuo
KwiDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj 2006 mvDaggerji w`DaggerK RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov msmacriDaggerY hLb cyDaggeriv Kqjv
iszligvwbi cwieDaggerZcopy AvswkK iszligvwb Kivi weavb cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iqumlvjwUi nvi (we`umlgvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wdmiddotW bv aDaggeri macrrsquovbxq evRvDaggeri wewmicro Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml GK iKg nvi I weDagger`Daggerk
iszligvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rbuml AvDaggeriK iKg nvi wbDaggerq GKUv dgcopyyjv cOumlmacrIacuteve Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwRcopy
daggerek parayauml nq GUvDaggerK Zviv weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM DrmvwnZ Kivi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlwZeUumlKZv wnDaggermDaggere wPwyacuteZ
KDaggeri (daggerWBwj dividevi 9 RyjvB 2006) | iqumlvjwU nvDaggerii mvDagger_ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi jvDaggerfi ADaggerfrac14i cwigvY
IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoDaggerq AvDaggerQ| 2004 mvDaggerj mcurrencentveuml wewbDaggerqvMKvixDagger`i DDaggerIumlDaggerkuml daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh
Lwbi daggergqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iqumlvjwU wdmiddotW _vKDaggere Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml daggerKvDaggerbv Ki
w`DaggerZ nDaggere bv Gme evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvq mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3DaggerZ Lwb
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb wbwethZ KDaggeri (AEC 2004)| dDaggerj Kqjv bxwZi gvaumlDaggerg Zv cvDaggereuml daggerMDaggerj daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi
jvDaggerfi Afrac14 wbDaggerq me wnmve-wbKvk cvDaggereuml hvDaggere| dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ 2005 dagger_DaggerK 2017 mgqKvDaggerj
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ Zwi nqwb mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI (2016-2020) AvDaggerMi gDaggerZv
KqjvbxwZ Zwi mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerKvDaggerbv mgqmxgv wbDagger`copyk Kiv daggerbB daggerhgbwU locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cOumlmacrIacutevDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki bxwZwbacopyviKMY daggerh Lye AvKhellipoacute nDaggerqDaggerQ Zv
daggerek macruacuteoacute| evsjvDagger`Daggerki locirc cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvq Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb RbgZ Zwii Rbuml mymacruacuteoacute
34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`DaggerqB 5000 daggergMvIqvU we`yumlr 50 eQi aDaggeri wbiewrdquoQbœfvDaggere cvIqv hvDaggere (G Z_uml GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi `wjDaggerjI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI eDaggerjb G Lwb KiDaggerZ gvIcirc 5-6 eMcopywKDaggerjvwgUvi RvqMv jvMDaggere hw`I
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi cOumlwZDaggere`b Abyhvqx 78 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi nDaggerrdquoQ g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn cDaggerivpara gvBwbs GjvKv
nDaggerrdquoQ mecopyDaggergvU 314 eMcopy wKDaggerjvwgUvi|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
AeKvVvDaggergvMZ mgmumlv DrdquoP nvDaggerii Pvwn`vi wecixDaggerZ we yumlr Drcv`b evovDaggerbv Ges GKvDaggerR
cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
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148
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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38
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cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
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Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
146
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daggereAvBwb I `ybcopyxwZM OumlmacrIacute wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnY ctimeswZ kvmb eumlemacrrsquovi Giƒc MjDagger`i RbumlB evsjvDagger`Daggerki
gywsup3msMOumlvDaggergi daggerNvlYvq DDaggerjoslashwLZ mvgvwRK Pywsup3i c~YcopyZv MZ Pvi `kDaggerKI NDaggerUwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi wewfbœ cOumlwZDaggere`b dagger_DaggerK Rvbv hvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm Gi ci AvDaggeriKwU
iszligvwb cDaggerYumli weDagger`kx evRvi ZwiB ZvDagger`i dyjevox KqjvLwb cOumlKDaggeriacutei g~j jparauml (AEC
2004c)| H daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi iumlfvbyaumlvqx ivRbwZK daggerbZvMY we yumlr msKU KvUvDaggerbvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvi K_v eDaggerj bvbvK_v RbcwimDaggeri cOumlPvi KDaggeri Lwbi macr^cDaggerpara hywsup3 w`DaggerjI34
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(2011-2015) wQj|
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34
D`vniYmacr^iƒc DDaggerjoslashL Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri wewewm evsjv KZcopyhellipK AvDaggerqvwRZ OcircevsjvDagger`k msjvcOtilde (w`bvRcyi 8 wWDaggermcurren^i
2012) G f~wg cOumlwZgšiquestx I Lwb AAcircDaggerji msm` m`muml RvwbDaggerqDaggerQb daggerh dyjevox KqjvLwb dagger_DaggerK Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZDaggerZ
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147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
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bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
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148
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2012)|
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35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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149
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daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
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dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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38
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
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miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
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ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
147
miKvwi w`KwbDagger copykbv DDaggerjoslashL Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi AvDaggerM
2010 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurreni gvDaggerm Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Dbyenysup3 Lwbi cDaggerpara RbgZ
Zwii Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri (wewW wbDR 24 daggerg 17 2011)| 2012-2013 mvDaggerji
evDaggerRU esup3hellipZvq Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbylDagger`i Dbyenysup3 Lwbi jvf mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy mDaggerPZbZv ehellipwtimesi Rbuml cOumlPviYv
PvjvDaggerbvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKiacutebvq ZvuDagger`i AskMOumlnDaggerbi welq wbwethZ KiDaggerYi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24 Ryb 8 2012)| 2011 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvgcopyvwbi Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb mdi daggerkDaggerl AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwRcopyDaggerK Dbyenysup3 Lwb Kivi
AbyDaggergv`b dagger`evi Rbuml miKviDaggerK mycvwik KDaggeri| Aekuml Rvgcopyvwb I evsjvDagger`Daggerki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq gDaggergcopy 2010 mvDaggerj cOumlavbgšiquestx 2012 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi weDaggerklAacute KwgwU Ges 2015
mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb cOumlwZgšiquestx gšIacuteeuml KDaggerib| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerki eumlemvqx mgvDaggerRi kxlcopy msMVb
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mvDagger_ AvDaggerjvPbvKvDaggerj A_copygšiquestx daggerewk cwigvY Kqjv AvniDaggerYi Rbuml Dbyenysup3 Lwbi
cDaggerpara gZ dagger`b (wewW wbDR24 6 gvPcopy 2013)| Dbyenysup3 Lwbi mg_copyDaggerb eumlsup3 Kiv DcDaggerivsup3 me
esup3eumlDaggerK Amvi cOumlgvY KDaggeri 2015-2016 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`k f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparav
dagger_DaggerK dagger`Lv hvq DEumlivAcircDaggerji KhellipwlcOumlavb GjvKvq Dbyenysup3 KqjvLwb ADaggerbK parawZ Zwi KiDaggere|
f~ZvwEumliexclK Rwic Awa`szligDaggerii mgxparavq cOumlvszlig welDaggerqB 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjbKvixMY cOuml_g AvDaggerjvKcvZ KDaggerib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjvDagger`k 2021 mvDaggerj gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`Daggerk cwiYZ nDaggerZ Pvq| daggerm jDaggerparauml miKvi 2009 mvj
dagger_DaggerK Ocircwfkb 2021Otilde ev IacuteevqDaggerbi Rbuml bvbv cwiKiacutebv iumliaelig KDaggeri (Planning Commission
2012)| evsjvDagger`Daggerki DbœqDaggerbi G cwiKiacutebv ev IacuteevqDaggerb ADaggerbK cOumlwZeUumlKZvi gDaggerauml GKwU nDaggerjv
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cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethZ Kiv| Mumlvm mieivDaggerni msKU Abygvb KDaggeri 2010 mvDaggerj Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi DaggergMvIqvU we`yumlDaggerZi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRbxq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwb
macrrsquovbxq Kqjv dagger_DaggerK AvmDaggere Abygvb KDaggeri we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv Zwi KDaggeri (MPEMR
2011)| Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq mcurrencenteZ daggerfDaggerewQj daggerh dyjevoxDaggerZ wkMwMiB Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjb iumliaelig nDaggere
Avi eocyKywiqv dagger_DaggerKI Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb KDaggeri Kqjvi Drcv`b evovDaggerbv nDaggere| A_P 2005
mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK Lwb AAcircDaggerj Dbyenysup3 LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb PjDaggerQ| Pvi eQDaggerii gv_vq Riexclvjvwb
gšiquestYvjq daggerUi daggercj 20 eQi daggergqvw` gnvcwiKiacutebvq Mj` AvDaggerQ| ZvB Zv evwZj KDaggeri Avg`vwbKhellipZ
Kqjv eumlenvi KDaggeri gnvcwiKiacutebv cybivq Zwii DDagger`umlvM daggerbqv nq hv 2016 mvDaggerji daggermDaggerTHORNcurren^Daggeri
P~ovšIacute Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKvDaggerii we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvq DOslashytimes nDaggerq Gwkqv
GbvwRcopy dyjevox Lwbi mcDaggerpara hywsup3 dagger`q daggerh G dagger_DaggerK Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`Daggerq Pvi nvRvi daggergMvIqvU
we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere 30-35 eQi chcopyšIacute (GCM 2013 2016 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy 2000
mvj dagger_DaggerKB we yumlr msKDaggerUi KviDaggerY dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZi daggerenvj `kv KvwUDaggerq IVvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vbDaggerK GKxf~Z KDaggeri dagger`b`ievi KDaggeri mdj nDaggerqDaggerQ| cwiKiacutebv gšiquestYvjDaggerqi Riexclvjvwb LvZ-
msmicrovšIacute GKvwaK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Gi cOumlgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi 2015-2017 mvDaggerji evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`bcedilDaggerjvDaggerZ ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh evsjvDagger`k
miKvDaggerii MhellipnxZ bZyb we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebvi cwiDaggercOumlwparaDaggerZ Zviv Avkvev`x daggerh wkMwMiB
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
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daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
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daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
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Lwbi Kqjv wbDaggerq Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq I Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Ah_v GDaggerK OcircDbœqbOtilde Ges OcircweDagger`kx
wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi OcircgvBjdjKOtilde wnDaggermDaggere cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQ| H cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb eDaggerjDaggerQ daggerh ZvDagger`i
cOumlKDaggeriacutei cOumlavb Ae`vb nDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki Rbuml GKwU bZyb iszligvwb LvZ Zwi Kiv| A_copyvr Kqjv nDaggere
evsjvDagger`Daggerki AvDaggeriKwU iszligvwb cYuml (AEC 2004)| wKšlsquo Kqjv iszligvwb dagger_DaggerK daggerK jvfevb nDaggere
Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Kqjv iszligvwbi Rbuml Gwkqv GbvwRcopy miKviDaggerK daggerKvDaggerbv Uumlvmiddot dagger`Daggere bv (Dagger`Lyb ingvb
2012)|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq RbcwimDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb I bxwZwbacopyviKDagger`i Zwi
`vcyDaggerU eqvb nDaggerrdquoQ gvbyDaggerli Rwg I RxweKvi OcircmvgwqKOtilde parawZ nDaggerjI dagger`Daggerki A_copybxwZDaggerZ G cOumlKiacute I
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35
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
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152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
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____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
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November 2010)
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cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
148
miKvi G cOumlKiacute AbyDaggergv`b KiDaggere| 2016 mvDaggerji H gnvcwiKiacutebvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`Daggerq
wekvj AvKvDaggerii KDaggerqKwU we`yumlr daggerKrsaquo`laquo PvjvDaggerbvi wmtimesvšIacute QvovI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb weDaggerkl KDaggeri
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Dbyenysup3 ctimeswZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mvDagger_ mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebvqI macrrsquovbxq KqjvLwb DbœqDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg mmacrIacutev we`yumlr cvIqv hvDaggere eDaggerj
bxwZ MOumlnY Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwRcopy ZvB
daggerkqviDaggernvigraveviDagger`i Avkv RvwMDaggerq daggeriDaggerLDaggerQ daggerh KqjvwfwEumlK we yumlr Drcv`b cwiKiacutebvq evsjvDagger`Daggerki
miKvi daggerhDaggernZy etimescwiKi ZvB dyjevox Lwb wbDaggerq daggerh APjvemacrrsquov AvDaggerQ Zv AwPDaggeriB daggerKDaggerU hvDaggere
(GCM 2017)|
we`yumlr msKU daggergvKvDaggerejvq cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi mieivn wbwethDaggerZ dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivLDaggere eDaggerj Gwkqv GbvwRcopy I miKvDaggerii bxwZwbacopyviKiv daggerh esup3euml cOumlPvi KDaggeriDaggerQb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei `wjjcIcirc mg_copyb KDaggeri bv| Avi Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq daggerhDaggernZy Avjv`v KDaggeri G Lwb wbDaggerq
daggerKvDaggerbv chcopyvDaggerjvPbv cOumlwZDaggere`b cOumlKvk KDaggeriwb ZvB miKvwi Aemacrrsquovb daggeravuqvkvB iDaggerq daggerMj| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3i OcircAZumlšIacute D`viOtilde kDaggerZcopyi KviDaggerY evsjvDagger`k G dagger_DaggerK Lye
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daggergDaggerbB Kiv nq Ges daggerKvDaggerbv weDaggerivDaggerai daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Daggerki AvBb bq eis wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3B AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ
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Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi
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Lwbi Kqjv wbDaggerq Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq I Gwkqv GbvwRcopy Ah_v GDaggerK OcircDbœqbOtilde Ges OcircweDagger`kx
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cOumlKDaggeriacutei cOumlavb Ae`vb nDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki Rbuml GKwU bZyb iszligvwb LvZ Zwi Kiv| A_copyvr Kqjv nDaggere
evsjvDagger`Daggerki AvDaggeriKwU iszligvwb cYuml (AEC 2004)| wKšlsquo Kqjv iszligvwb dagger_DaggerK daggerK jvfevb nDaggere
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2012)|
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msKU jvNe nDaggere we` yumlDaggerZi NvUwZRwbZ KviDaggerY wkiacute-KviLvbvq Drcv`b eumlvnZ nDaggere bv| Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyOtildei mvDagger_ Ocirciszligvwb wbfcopyiOtilde wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU daggergvKvwejv Kiv
hvDaggere eDaggerj gDaggerb nq bv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb PvBDaggerj me Kqjv iszligvwb KiDaggerZ cviDaggere (Dagger`Lyb ingvb 2012)|
35
evsjvDagger`DaggerkI Gi bgybv wnmvDaggere 1997 mvDaggerj gvcediliQov MumlvmDaggerparaDaggerIcirc AwMœKvDaggerETHi K_v DDaggerjoslashL Kiv hvq AwMœKvDaggerETHi dDaggerj
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AvBDaggerb parawZc~iY Av`vDaggerqi weavb _vKDaggerjI AwmiddotDaggerWrsaquoUvDaggerji KvQ dagger_DaggerK miKvi daggerKvDaggerbv A_copy Av`vq KiDaggerZ cvDaggeriwb
AwmiddotDaggerWrsaquoUvjI Zvi `vq macr^xKvi KDaggeriwb|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
149
weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM cOumlDaggerkœ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri _vDaggerK DaggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki (45 kZvsk)
dagger_DaggerKI ADaggerbK A_copy Avq nDaggere (wRwmGg 2010)| wKšlsquo eucircRvwZK KiDaggercvDaggerikb welDaggerq hviv
IqvwKenvj Zviv RvDaggerbb Kx KDaggeri eucircRvwZK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi PZyi wnmve-wbKvk ZvDagger`i jvDaggerfi Afrac14DaggerK
GgbfvDaggere Zwi KDaggeri daggerh OcircDaggernvdivide KvwrsaquoUlaquoOtilde ADaggerbK mgq jvDaggerfi Ici A_copyen daggerKvDaggerbv Ki Av`vq KiDaggerZ
cvDaggeri bv| ZvB KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki dagger_DaggerK wekvj jvDaggerfi G Abygvb LyeB mijxKhellipZ (ingvb 2012)|
mvcurrencOumlwZK GKUv D`vniY GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashL KiDaggerj GwU eySDaggerZ myweav nDaggere | 2012 mvDaggerj
hysup3ivRuml miKvi AevK nDaggerq dagger`Lj daggerh cedilMj AumlvgvRb I dividevievDaggermiddoti gDaggerZv RMwOslashLumlvZ eucircRvwZK
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dagger`Daggerk IB A_copyeQDaggeri ZvDagger`i jvDaggerfi cwigvY ADaggerbK Kg wQj| AvmDaggerj Gme daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb RwUj
GKvDwrsaquoUs wmDaggerdivideg eumlenvi KDaggeri H dagger`Daggerk AwRcopyZ jvDaggerfi eo GKUv Ask Abuml dagger`Daggerk cvwVDaggerq w`Daggerq
KDaggerii cwigvY KwgDaggerq daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ| miKvwi Ki cOumlkvmDaggerbi wKQyB Kivi daggerbB daggerKbbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv
daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Ki cOumlkvmb wbethqB hysup3ivDaggerRumli gDaggerZv kwsup3kvjx bq
daggerh eucircRvwZK daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi Gme KvimvwR aiDaggerZ cviDaggere| GRbumlB GKRb mvDaggereK cOumlavb wePvicwZ
Riexclvjvwb mcurrenuacute` welDaggerq Pywsup3 Kivi AvDaggerM weDagger`kx daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi PZyi AvBbRxexAumlvKvDrsaquoUumlvDaggerrsaquoUi mDaggerfrac12
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2008)| GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`b gDaggerZ Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Zviv OcircAdDaggerkvi
AumlvKvDrsaquoUOtilde-Gi gvaumlDaggerg Kqjv wewmicroi daggerjbDagger`b KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb (wRwmGg 2010)| mvcurrencOumlwZK mgDaggerq
Ocirccvbvgv daggerccvimOtilde I OcirccumlvivWvBm daggerccvimOtilde daggerKDaggerjfrac14vwi AvgvDagger`i gDaggerb KwiDaggerq dagger`q eucircRvwZK
daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv OcircAdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUOtilde daggerKb eumlenvi KDaggeri|
mcurrencOumlwZ dvum nIqv daggerMvcb bw_cIcirc daggerNuDaggerU AvwdlaquoKv AAcircDaggerji MYgvaumlDaggerg KgcopyiZ BrsaquoUvibumlvkbvj
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LwbRmcurrenuacute` DDaggerEumlvjDaggerb wbDaggerqvwRZ daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv Ki dvuwK dagger`qvi Rbuml OcircUumlvmiddot daggernDaggerfbOtilde bvDaggerg cwiwPZ
dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
DDaggerjoslashLuml AdDaggerkvi
AumlvKvDrsaquoU welDaggerq weGBPwc ZrKvjxb miKvDaggerii mDaggerfrac12 weDaggerkl dagger`b`ievi KDaggeriwQj (wRwmGg
2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
AeKvkmn Abumlvbuml myweav w`DaggerqDaggerQ| 2013 mvDaggerj evsjvDagger`Daggerk weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM wbDaggerq RvwZmsDaggerNi
evwYRuml I Dbœqb-welqK msmacrrsquovi GK cOumlwZDaggere`Daggerb Lwb daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK dagger`qv Ki AeKvk myweavi
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aiDaggerbi Pywsup3 envj daggeriDaggerL KqjvLwbi AbyDaggergv`b w`Daggerq we yumlr msKU jvNe KDaggeri gaumlg AvDaggerqi dagger`k
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi Ici| Kviv Pywsup3 KiDaggerQ wK kDaggerZcopy Pywsup3 nDaggerrdquoQ Pywsup3 mcurrenuacutev`Daggerb cOumlwmicroqv macr^rdquoQ wQj wKbv-
Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
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Bgvg 1990)| ZDaggere dyjevox KqjvLwb GwU daggerevSvi Rbuml GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY|
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
DbœqDaggerb AwfAacuteZvnxb daggerKvDaggerbv GKUv daggerKvcurrenuacutewbi mvDagger_ AmacrrdquoQ cOumlwmicroqvq wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
macrrsquovbxq gvbyl RvwbDaggerq w`DaggerqDaggerQ| G mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy XvKvi bvbv GwjU gnDaggerji aviYv AZumlšIacute aringvšIacute| gvV
MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
149
weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM cOumlDaggerkœ Gwkqv GbvwRcopy DDaggerjoslashL KDaggeri _vDaggerK DaggerKvcurrenuacutevwbi KiDaggercvDaggeriU Ki (45 kZvsk)
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KDaggerii cwigvY KwgDaggerq daggerdDaggerjDaggerQ| miKvwi Ki cOumlkvmDaggerbi wKQyB Kivi daggerbB daggerKbbv daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbcedilDaggerjv
daggerKvDaggerbv Aea KvR KDaggeriwb|36
evsjvDagger`Daggerki Ki cOumlkvmb wbethqB hysup3ivDaggerRumli gDaggerZv kwsup3kvjx bq
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2008)| GLvDaggerb DDaggerjoslashLuml daggerh Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi GK cOumlwZDaggere`b gDaggerZ Pywsup3 Abyhvqx Zviv OcircAdDaggerkvi
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dagger`kcedilDaggerjvq KDaggerqKk AdDaggerkvi AumlvKvDrsaquoUavix daggerKvcurrenuacutevwb Zwi KDaggeriDaggerQ|37
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2010)| Z`ycwi weDagger`kx wewbDaggerqvM AvKlcopyDaggerYi Rbuml miKvi daggerKvcurrenuacutevwbDaggerK bq eQDaggerii Rbuml Ki
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36
দদখন The Guardian (2012) ldquoAmazon Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profitsrdquo 12 November 37
দদখনThe Guardian (2016) ldquoPanama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms African
operationsrdquo 25 July
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
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7| Dcmsnvi
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BwUcircDaggercDaggerUcircrsaquoU 27 bDaggerfcurren^i 2012)| GKB mvDagger_ f~MDaggerfcopyi cvwb eumlemacrrsquovcbv welDaggerqI Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq
ADaggerbK mZKcopy nDaggerqDaggerQ G wbDaggerq yDaggerUv mgxparav KDaggeriDaggerQ| Rwg I cvwb evsjvDagger`Daggerki Lv`uml wbivcEumlvi G
`yB AZumlvekumlKxq Dcv`vb wbDaggerq mZKcopyfvDaggere GDaggerMvDaggerZ nDaggere dagger`wiDaggerZ nDaggerjI evsjvDagger`Daggerki
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_vKvq Zuviv Pvc daggereva KDaggeriDaggerQb|
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bq| GwU GKB mvDagger_ GKwU ivRbwZK welq Ges Gi weiaeligDaggertimes jovB GKwU ivRbwZK jovB|
macrrsquovbxq fysup3DaggerfvMx gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvDaggerii mvDagger_ G jovB IZDaggercOumlvZfvDaggere RwoZ|
GKBfvDaggere evsjvDagger`Daggerki MYZvwšiquestK ivoacutelaquo KvVvDaggergvq paragZv ejDaggerqi evwnDaggeri _vKv gvbylDagger`i Avkv
AvKvbullyumlvi cOumlwZdjb wKfvDaggere nDaggere Zv wbDaggerqI GB weZKcopy bvbv fvebv nvwRi KDaggeri| Lwb cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai
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bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
bxDaggerPi Zjvq G wbDaggerq wK fvebv RvDaggerM ZvI AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ nDaggere| Riexclvjvwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi
macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
DbœqDaggerb AwfAacuteZvnxb daggerKvDaggerbv GKUv daggerKvcurrenuacutewbi mvDagger_ AmacrrdquoQ cOumlwmicroqvq wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
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MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
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g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
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miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
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Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
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welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
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AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
150
nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi Ici| Kviv Pywsup3 KiDaggerQ wK kDaggerZcopy Pywsup3 nDaggerrdquoQ Pywsup3 mcurrenuacutev`Daggerb cOumlwmicroqv macr^rdquoQ wQj wKbv-
Gme cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy eDaggerj wZwb gZ dagger`b| wewbDaggerqvDaggerMi cwigvY wbDaggerq nPB wZwb AvgDaggerj bv daggerbqvi
civgkcopy w`DaggerqDaggerQb|38
Zvui G chcopyDaggereparaY dyjevox Lwbi Pywsup3i daggerejvqI cOumlDaggerhvRuml| LwbweDaggerivax
MYcOumlwZDaggeriva G daggerparaDaggerIcirc Avmj KvRwUB KDaggeriDaggerQ ejDaggerj AZyumlwsup3 nDaggere bv| LwbRmcurrenuacute`-welqK cvewjK
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7| Dcmsnvi
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wbDaggerq fveDaggerZ nDaggere| 2005 mvj dagger_DaggerK macrrsquovbxq gvbyl I cDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK msMVb
GDaggerZ daggerhvM w`Daggerq ZvuDagger`i `vexcedilDaggerjvi ivRbwZK I A_copybwZK wfwEumlDaggerK kwsup3kvjx KDaggeriDaggerQb| wecyj
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bv| LwbR mcurrenuacute` DbœqDaggerbi bxwZ I bvbv fvebv iumlay Dci dagger_DaggerKB Zwi nDaggerj nDaggere bv mgvDaggerRi
bxDaggerPi Zjvq G wbDaggerq wK fvebv RvDaggerM ZvI AvgDaggerj wbDaggerZ nDaggere| Riexclvjvwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvi
macrrsquovbxq gvbyDaggerli MYZvwšiquestK bvMwiK AwaKvi iparavq Afrac12xKvietimes _vKDaggerj dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq
AMOumlmi nevi daggerKvDaggerbv myDaggerhvM AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv fvev `iKvi|
38
gykZvK Lvb (A_copybxwZi AaumlvcK jUcircb wekbrvbarwe`umlvjq) PumlvDaggerbj AvB UKDaggerkv (ZhellipZxq gvIcircv cecopy-4167) 2 Rvbyqvwi
2015|
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
DbœqDaggerb AwfAacuteZvnxb daggerKvDaggerbv GKUv daggerKvcurrenuacutewbi mvDagger_ AmacrrdquoQ cOumlwmicroqvq wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
macrrsquovbxq gvbyl RvwbDaggerq w`DaggerqDaggerQ| G mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy XvKvi bvbv GwjU gnDaggerji aviYv AZumlšIacute aringvšIacute| gvV
MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
151
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbv dagger_DaggerK Avgiv dagger`wL daggerh dagger`Daggerki bvbv AvBbKvbybDaggerK DDaggercyumlv KDaggeri Lwb
DbœqDaggerb AwfAacuteZvnxb daggerKvDaggerbv GKUv daggerKvcurrenuacutewbi mvDagger_ AmacrrdquoQ cOumlwmicroqvq wewbDaggerqvM Pywsup3 Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Avkvi K_v daggerh LwbRmcurrenuacute` wbDaggerq Giƒc ybcopyxwZi weiDaggertimes Lwb AAcircDaggerji RbMY cOumlwZDaggeriva MDaggero daggerZvDaggerj
2005 mvDaggerji iumliaeligDaggerZ hLb KqjvLwb welDaggerq evsjvDagger`Daggerki mDaggerPZb bvMwiKMDaggerYiB daggerKvDaggerbv aviYv
wQj bv| macrrsquovbxq chcopyvDaggerq G cOumlwZDaggeriva axDaggeri axDaggeri GZB Zxeordf nDaggerq DDaggerV daggerh 2006 mvDaggerji gvPcopy gvDaggerm
miKvDaggerii GK daggerMvDaggerqrsaquo`v ms rsquov cOumlavbgšiquestxi `szligiDaggerK RvwbDaggerqwQj daggerh macrrsquovbxq RbMDaggerYi gZvgZ AvgDaggerj
bv wbDaggerq Lwb wbDaggerq daggerKvDaggerbv c`Daggerparac MOumlnY Kiv wVK nDaggere bv (daggerWBwj dividevi 13 gvPcopy 2006 cOuml_g
cvZv)| 26 AvMdivide Zxeordf MYAmDaggeršIacutevDaggerli gvaumlDaggerg Gi cOumlKvk NDaggerU| MZ `k eQDaggeri Gi daggerKvDaggerbv
cwieZcopyb daggerh nqwb Zv 2010 mvDaggerji ADaggerplusmnveDaggeri 2012 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurren^Daggeri Ges 2014 mvDaggerji bDaggerfcurrenDaggeri
macrrsquovbxq gvbyl RvwbDaggerq w`DaggerqDaggerQ| G mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy XvKvi bvbv GwjU gnDaggerji aviYv AZumlšIacute aringvšIacute| gvV
MDaggerelYvKvjxb mgDaggerq dyjevoxi bvbv cOumlvDaggeršIacute Gi cOumlgvY Dagger`Lv daggerMDaggerQ| DaggerjLDaggerKi aviYv bxwZcOumlDaggerYZvMY
axDaggeri axDaggeri GwU eySDaggerZ daggercDaggeriDaggerQb| dDaggerj 2014 mvDaggerji daggerdelaquoyqvwi gvm dagger_DaggerK Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjDaggerqi
bvbvwea wmtimesvšIacute LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjDaggerbi 2005 mvDaggerji iumliaelig dagger_DaggerK DIgravevwcZ `vexmg~nDaggerK mwVK
eDaggerj daggergDaggerb wbDaggerrdquoQ| GDaggerZ Aekuml macr^wmacrIacute cvevi daggerKvDaggerbv KviY daggerbB| daggerKbbv miKvDaggerii bxwZ welqK `ywU
g~j `wjDaggerj (mszligg cAcircevwlcopyK cwiKiacutebv- 2016-2020 Ges we`yumlr Drcv`b gnvcwiKiacutebv 2016)
dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi gvaumlDaggerg cOumlv_wgK Riexclvjvwbi msKU KvUvDaggerbvi K_v ejv nDaggerqDaggerQ| dDaggerj
miKvi GWnK wfwEumlDaggerZ Avg`vwbKhellipZ Kqjv w`Daggerq we yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi K_v ejDaggerjI `xNcopyDaggergqvw` bxwZ
wnDaggermDaggere dagger`kxq Kqjv DDaggerEumlvjDaggerbi DciB fimv ivLDaggerQ| Abumlw`DaggerK evsjvDagger`Daggerki Avgjv I
ivRbwZK GwjUMDaggerYi OcircdaggerirsaquoU wmwKsOtilde PwiDaggerIcirci daggercOumlwparaDaggerZ LwbweDaggerivax AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb w IacutewgZ nqwb|
Riexclvjvwb gšiquestYvjq Gwkqv GbvwRcopyi mvDagger_ mcurrenuacutevw`Z Pywsup3 evwZj Kivi daggerNvlYv dagger`qwb Gwkqv
GbvwRcopyi ADaggercparavq AvDaggerQ| gvV MDaggerelYvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK ejv hvq daggerh evsjvDagger`Daggerki miKvDaggerii macrrsquovbxq
Kqjv eumlenvDaggerii bxwZ Zv daggerh hywsup3DaggerZB cwiDaggerekb Kiv daggernvK bv daggerKb Kqjv AAcircDaggerji gvbyDaggerli H
bxwZ cOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai MYZvwšiquestK AwaKviDaggerK c``wjZ KDaggeri mdj nDaggere bv|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKUv cediliaeligZiexclc~Ycopy w`K nDaggerrdquoQ evsjvDagger`Daggerk RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacute`
welDaggerq ivoacuteordf ivRbwZK `j I evRvDaggerii evwnDaggeri bvMwiK mgvR dagger_DaggerK cOumlkœ daggerZvjvi DDagger`umlvM axDaggeri
axDaggeri kwsup3kvjx nDaggerrdquoQ| macrrsquovbxq MYcOumlwZDaggerivDaggerai mvDagger_ KvuDaggera Kvua wgwjDaggerq AskMOumlnY KDaggeri bvbv mvgvwRK
AvDaggerrsaquo`vjb Riexclvjvwb msmicrovšIacute bvbv welDaggerq RbgZ cOumlfvweZ Kivi mparagZv ARcopyb KiDaggerQ | dDaggerj GLvDaggerZ
Avgjv I ivRbwZK GwjUMYDaggerK bvbv welDaggerq GLb ADaggerbK daggerewk cOumlDaggerkœi gyDaggerLvgywL nDaggerZ nDaggerrdquoQ|
2014 cieZcopyx mgqKvDaggerj miKvwi bxwZDaggerZ ehellipnEumli Rbmacr^vDagger_copyi welqwUDaggerK cOumlvavbuml dagger`qvi KvRwU mcurrencente
nDaggerqDaggerQ Kqjv AAcircDaggerji RbMY I ZvDagger`i mnDaggerhvMx RvZxq msMVb Kgcopyx I wKQy weDaggerklDaggerAacutei AKnotvšIacute
cwikOumlDaggergi dDaggerj| G dagger_DaggerK RiexclvjvwbLwbR mcurrenuacuteDagger`i eumlemacrrsquovcbvq hw` cOumlvwZocircvwbK I AvBbMZ
cwieZcopyDaggerbi m~Pbv nq ZvnDaggerj Zv evsjvDagger`Daggerki RbMDaggerYi Rbuml cOumlvKhellipwZK mcurrenuacute` dagger_DaggerK jvfevb nevi
mcurrencentvebv ebdquowtimes KiDaggere|
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
152
MOumlšrsquocwAuml
Bgvg e`iaeligj (1990) evsjvDagger`Daggerk daggerZj mcurrencentvebv I nwicyi daggerZj weZK copy XvKv BDwbfvwmcopywU daggercOumlm wjwgDaggerUW|
Bmjvg daggergvnvcurrensect` byiaeligj (2001) Riexclvjvwb mgmumlv evsjvDagger`k daggercOumlwparaZ XvKv MYcOumlKvkbx|
Kvgvj daggergmevn Ckvbx PmicroeZcopyx I daggerRvevB`v bvmixb (2006) wbRf~Daggerg cievmx DEumlieDaggerfrac12i Avw`evmx RbDaggerMvocircxi
cOumlvwšIacuteKZv wWmDaggerKvmcopy XvKv w`euml cOumlKvk|
Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM (2016) evwlcopyK cOumlwZDaggere`b 2015-2016 XvKv Riexclvjvwb I LwbR mcurrenuacute` wefvM|
RvZxq MYdlaquorsaquoU (2005) dyjevox KqjvLwb Kvi parawZ Kvi jvf dyjevox RvZxq MbdlaquorsaquoU|
RvZxq KwgwU (2013) Ogravewe`yumlr Drcv`Daggerbi ADaggerbK weKiacute AvDaggerQ myrsaquo`eDaggerbi daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbBOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR
mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2006) OgraveevsjvDagger`Daggerk UvUvi wewbDaggerqvM cOumlmacrIacuteve I dagger`Daggerki macr^v_copyOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we yumlr-ersaquo`i
iparav RvZxq KwgwU|
____ (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Kvi jvf Kvi parawZOacute XvKv daggerZj-Mumlvm-LwbR mcurrenuacute` I we`yumlr-ersaquo`i iparav
RvZxq KwgwU|
wRwmGg (2010) OgraveGwkqv GbvwRcopy I dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute Oacute httpwwwphulbaricoalcom (accessed 9
November 2010)
`vm weiacutee (2009) dyjevox KqjvLwb I eucircRvwZDaggerKi macr^cœffrac12 XvKv RvZxq mvwnZuml cOumlKvkbx|
dviaeligK Igi (2017) OgraveRiexclvjvwb LvDaggerZi bxwZ wmtimesvšIacute MOumlnDaggerY evmacrIacuteewfwEumlK `hellipwoacutefwfrac12i cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZvOacute ewYK evZcopyv 24
RyjvB|
evejy Avwgbyj Bmjvg (2005) Ogravedyjevox Kqjv mcurrenuacute` iparavq GwMDaggerq AvmybOacute AwbecopyvY elcopy 10 msLumlv 1 chellip 9-
11|
eviKvZ Aveyj (2016) evsjvDagger`Daggerk `vwi ordfuml-permilelguml-AmgZvi KviY-cwiYvg I DEumliY mcurrencentvebv XvKv gysup3eywtimes
cOumlKvkbv|
gynvcurrensect` Avby (2007) dyjevox KvbmvU MvDaggergcopyrsaquoUm 2006 XvKv kOumlveb cOumlKvkbx|
____ (2006) evsjvDagger`Daggerki daggerZj-Mumlvm Kvi mcurrenuacute` Kvi wec` XvKv RvZxq MOumlšrsquo cOumlKvkb|
ingvb gvngy`yi (2012) dyjevoxi ivRbxwZ (wOslashZxq msmacriY) XvKv Kvkeb cOumlKvkb|
ingvb nvweeyi (2008) evRvi I A`bdquokuml nmacrIacute XvKv RvMhellipwZ cOumlKvkbx|
mDaggerib iexrsaquo`ordfbv_ AvnDaggerg` daggerevinvb I gvngy`yj mygb (2014) Rixc dagger_DaggerK eqvb evsjvDagger`k ivDaggeroacutelaquoi DEumli-
cwethgvAcircDaggerji cOumlvwšIacuteK RvwZmEumlvi gvbyDaggerli f~wg mgmumlv DaggerKwrsaquo`ordfK mgxparav I eqvb XvKv msDaggere`|
AEC (2004a) AIM Admission Document London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004b) Asia Energy Plc-Final Results (RNS Number 7840E) London Asia
Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004c) The Phulbari Coal Project London Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
____ (2004d) Making Natural Resources Work for the People of Bangladesh London
Asia Energy Plc (AEC)
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
dviaeligK evsjvDagger`Daggerk LwbRmcurrenuacute` Dbœqb dyjevox Kqjv cOumlKiacute wbDaggerq weDaggerivDaggerai GKwU weDaggerkoslashlY
153
AECB (2006) Phulbari Coal Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Dhaka Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
____ (2005) Phulbari Coal Project Public Consultation Disclosure Plan Dhaka Asia
Energy Corporation (Bangladesh) Pty Ltd (AECB)
Ahmad Muzaffer (2001) Governance Structural Adjustment and the State of
Corruption in Bangladesh (Working Paper for SAPRI Bangladesh) Dhaka
Center for Policy Dialogue
BBS (2017) Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016
Dhaka Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
____ (2014) Population and Housing Census (Community Report Dinajpur) Dhaka
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Burgis Tom (2015) The Looting Machine London William Collins
Faruque M Omar (2017) ldquoNeoliberal Resource Governance and Counterhegemonic
Social Movement in Bangladeshrdquo Social Movement Studies 16(2) 254-259
GCM (2017) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2016) Annual Report London GCM Resources Plc (GCM)
____ (2013) GCM Resources Plc and the Phulbari Coal Project
httpwwwgcmplccom (accessed 20 June 2013)
Howladar M Farhad (2016) ldquoEnvironmental Impacts of Subsidence around the
Barapukuria Coal Mining Area in Bangladeshrdquo Energy Ecology and
Environment 1(6)370-385
Imam Badrul (2013) Energy Resources of Bangladesh (2nd
edition) Dhaka University
Grants Commission
Islam Nazrul (2008) ldquoReflections on Phulbari Coal Projectrdquo New Age 14 September
Khan Mushtaq H (2013) ldquoBangladesh Economic Growth in a Vulnerable LAOrdquo In
Douglass C North John J Wallis Steven B Webb Barry R Weingast (edited) In
the Shadow of Violence Politics Economics and the Problems of Development
New York Cambridge University Press pp24-69
Khan Mushtaq Thyra Riley and Clay Wescott (2012) Public-Private Partnerships in
Bangladeshrsquos Power Sector Risks and Opportunities (Report No 86078)
Washington DC The World Bank
Mahmud Wahiduddin Sadiq Ahmed and Sandeep Mahajan (2008) Economic Reforms
Growth and Governance The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladeshrsquos
Development Surprise (Working Paper No 22) Washington DC The World
Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank
evsjvDagger`k Dbœqb mgxparav
154
Mahmud Wahiduddin (2006) ldquoComments on Tata Investment Proposalrdquo The Daily
Star March 22-24
MLJPA (1980) The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980
Dhaka Ministry of Law Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA)
MPEMR (2016) Power System Master Plan 2016 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy
and Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
____ (2011) Power System Master Plan 2010 Dhaka Ministry of Power Energy and
Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Murshid K A S and Arne Wiig (2001) A Review of Development Trends in the Energy
Sector of Bangladesh (Report No R 20013) Bergen Chr Michelsen Institute
NRGI (2017) Resource Governance Index New York Natural Resource Governance
Institute (NRGI)
Planning Commission (2015) Seventh Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth
Empowering Citizens Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2012) Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021 Making Vision 2121 A Reality
Dhaka Bangladesh Planning Commission
____ (2011) Sixth Five Year Plan Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty Dhaka
Bangladesh Planning Commission
Sobhan Rehman (2011) ldquoBangladesh at 40 Looking Back and Moving Forwardrdquo
Keynote speech delivered at a seminar on 40th
Anniversary of Bangladeshrsquos
Independence 30 December
UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review Bangladesh New York United Nations
UNDP (2017) 100 Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy by 2050
Assessment of Sri Lankarsquos Power Sector New York UNDP
World Bank (2016) Dynamics of Rural Growth Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Report
No 103244-BD) Washington D C The World Bank
____ (1992) Bangladesh Selected Issues in External Competitiveness and Economic
Efficiency (Report No 10265-BD) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1991) Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Promotion Project (Report No
10076) Washington DC The World Bank
____ (1982) Bangladesh Issues and Options in the Energy Sector (Report No 3873-
BD) Washington DC The World Bank