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Program overview OV-4
NouNs
1 Nouns 1
2 Common Nouns and Proper Nouns 2
3 More Common Nouns and Proper Nouns 3
4 Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns 4
5 More Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns 5
6 Possessive Nouns 6
7 More Possessive Nouns 7
8 Collective Nouns, Concrete Nouns, and Abstract Nouns 8
9 Nouns as Subjects 9
10 Nouns as Subject Complements 10
11 Nouns as Direct Objects 11
12 Direct Objects and Subject Complements 12
13 Objects of Prepositions 13
14 Nouns as Indirect Objects 14
15 Nouns in Direct Address 15
16 Words Used as Nouns or as Verbs 16
17 Words Used as Nouns or as Adjectives 17
18 Uses of Nouns 18
19 Reviewing Nouns 19
ProNouNs
20 Singular Pronouns and Plural Pronouns 21
21 Personal Pronouns 22
22 More Personal Pronouns 23
23 Pronouns as Subjects 24
24 Pronouns as Subject Complements 25
25 More Pronouns as Subject Complements 26
26 Pronouns as Direct Objects 27
27 Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions 28
28 Pronouns as Indirect Objects 29
29 Subject and Object PronounsâPart I 30
30 Subject and Object PronounsâPart II 31
31 Subject and Object PronounsâPart III 32
32 Possessive Pronouns 33
33 Possessive Adjectives 34
34 Intensive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns 35
35 Antecedents 36
36 Pronouns and Contractions 37
37 Demonstrative Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns 38
38 Reviewing Pronouns 39
adjectives
39 Descriptive Adjectives 41
40 Proper Adjectives 42
41 Articles 43
42 Repetition of Articles 44
43 Demonstrative Adjectives 45
44 Adjectives That Tell How Many 46
45 Position of Adjectives 47
46 Adjectives That Compare 48
47 More, Most and Less, Least 49
48 Fewer, Fewest and Less, Least 50
49 More on Fewer, Fewest and Less, Least 51
50 Interrogative Adjectives 52
51 Reviewing Adjectives 53
contents
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verbs
52 Action VerbsâPart I 55
53 Action VerbsâPart II 56
54 Action VerbsâPart III 57
55 Being Verbs 58
56 Verb Phrases 59
57 More Verb Phrases 60
58 Principal Parts of Verbs 61
59 Regular and Irregular Verbs 62
60 More Regular and Irregular Verbs 63
61 Am, Is, Are, Was, and Were 64
62 Do, Does, Doesnât, and Donât 65
63 Come and Go, Bring and Take 66
64 Sit and Set, Teach and Learn 67
65 Simple Tenses 68
66 Subject-Verb Agreement 69
67 Progressive Tenses 70
68 Present Perfect Tense 71
69 Past Perfect Tense 72
70 Future Perfect Tense 73
71 Linking Verbs 74
72 Reviewing Verbs 75
adverbs
73 Adverbs of Time 77
74 Adverbs of Place 78
75 Adverbs of Manner 79
76 Adverbs of Time, Place, and Manner 80
77 Adverbs That Compare 81
78 Good and Well 82
79 Real and Very 83
80 No, Not, Never 84
81 There Is and There Are 85
82 Adverb Clauses
83 Reviewing Adverbs 87
PrePositioNs, coNjuNctioNs & iNterjectioNs
84 Prepositions and Their Objects 89
85 Prepositional Phrases 90
86 Between and Among 91
87 From and Off 92
88 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives 93
89 More Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives 94
90 Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs 95
91 More Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs 96
92 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives or Adverbs 97
93 Conjunctions with Subjects 98
94 Conjunctions with Predicates 99
95 Conjunctions with Direct Objects 100
96 Conjunctions with Subject Complements 101
97 Conjunctions with Sentences 102
98 Subordinate Conjunctions 103
99 Interjections 104
100 Reviewing Prepositions, Conjunctions & Interjections 105
seNteNces
101 Complete Sentences 107
102 Four Kinds of Sentences 108
103 Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates 109
104 Complete Subjects 110
105 Complete Predicates 111
106 Direct Objects and Indirect Objects 112
107 Subject Complements 113
108 Sentence Order 114
109 Compound Subjects 115
110 Compound Predicates 116
111 Compound Direct Objects 117
112 Compound Subject Complements 118
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Exercises in English âą Level E
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113 Compound Sentences 119
114 Complex Sentences 120
115 Reviewing Sentences 121
PuNctuatioN aNd caPitaLizatioN
116 End Punctuation 123
117 Commas in Series 124
118 Commas with Conjunctions 125
119 Direct Address and Yes and No 126
120 Apostrophes 127
121 Capital Letters 128
122 Titles 129
123 Other Uses of Capital Letters 130
124 Abbreviations 131
125 Direct Quotations 132
126 More Direct Quotations 133
127 Addresses and Letters 134
128 Reviewing Punctuation and Capitalization 135
diagrammiNg
129 Subjects, Predicates, Direct Objects, Modifiers 137
130 Indirect Objects 139
131 Subject Complements 141
132 Prepositional Phrases 143
133 Interjections 145
134 Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates 147
135 Compound Direct Objects and Indirect Objects 149
136 Compound Subject Complements 151
137 Compound Sentences 153
138 Adverb Clauses 155
139 Diagramming Review 157
HaNdbook of terms 159
scoPe aNd sequeNce T-170
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1â NounsA noun is a word that names a person, a place, or a thing.
hikerâ â campgroundâ â tent
Thefollowingwordsarenouns.Writeeachinthepropercolumn.
â â Personâ Placeâ Thing
â 1.â unclesâ â â
â 2.â LosâAngelesâ â â
â 3.â keysâ â â
â 4.â dashboardâ â â
â 5.â childrenâ â â
â 6.â WalbridgeâParkâ â â
â 7.â Williamâ â â
â 8.â streetlightâ â â
â 9.â Clevelandâ â â
â 10.â automobileâ â â
Underlinethenounsineachsentence.
â 1.â MildredâTaylorâwroteâaâbookâcalled The Gold Cadillac.â
â 2.â Theâfatherâinâtheâstoryâboughtâanâexpensiveâcar.â
â 3.â Hisâwifeâhadâwantedâtoâsaveâmoneyâforâaâhouse.â
â 4.â TheâfatherâandâtheâchildrenâdroveâtoâDetroitâtoâvisitârelatives.â
â 5.â Theâmotherârefusedâtoâgoâandâdecidedâtoâstayâatâhome.â
Completeeachsentencewithnouns.
â 1.â Theânextâtripâwasâtoâ âandâ â.
â 2.â Theyâstoppedâatâaâ âandâaâ â.
â 3.â Theâfamilyâspokeâtoâaâ âandâaâ â.
â 4.â Theyâstayedâatâaâ âandâaâ â.
â 5.â Theâchildrenâbroughtâhomeâaâ âandâaâ â.
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2â CommonâNounsâandâProperâNounsThere are two main kinds of nouns: common nouns and proper nouns.
A commonânoun names any one member of a class of people, places, or things.
queenâ â cityâ â church
A properânoun names a particular person, place, or thing.
Queenâelizabethâ londonâ Westminsterâabbey
Circleeachcommonnoun.Underlineeachpropernoun.
â 1.â JapanâgaveâtheâUnitedâStatesâsomeâtrees.
â 2.â TheseâtreesâwereâplantedâaroundâtheâTidalâBasinâinâWashington,âD.C.
â 3.â BeautifulâflowersâbloomâonâtheseâtreesâinâApril.
â 4.â Theâblossomsâareâpinkâandâwhite.
â 5.â Theâflowersâlastâforâonlyâ10âtoâ12âdays.
â 6.â Photographersâfromâmanyâcountriesâtakeâpicturesâofâtheâblossoms.
â 7.â TheâJeffersonâMemorialâisâalsoâdecoratedâbyâtheseâbeautifulâflowers.
â 8.â InâJapanâtheâpeopleâhaveâaâfestivalâwhenâtheâfirstâbudsâappear.
â 9.â Washington,âD.C.âholdsâanâannualâCherryâBlossomâFestival.
â 10.â TheâUnitedâStatesâreceivedâaâbeautifulâgiftâfromâtheâpeopleâofâJapan.
Completeeachsentencewithapropernountomatchthecommonnouninparentheses.
â 1.â MyâuncleâMikeâboughtâaânewâ â.â (car)
â 2.â Jessicaâshoppedâatâ âforâtheâgift.â (store)
â 3.â Weâwentâtoâ âforâourâvacation.â (place)
â 4.â Afterâtheâgameâ âtreatedâusâtoâaâhamburger.â (person)
â 5.â Carlosâreadâ âforâoneâhour.â (book)
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3â MoreâCommonâNounsâandâProperâNouns Writeacommonnounforeachpropernoun.
Common noun Common noun
â 1.â Canadaâ â 11.â Bostonâ
â 2.â Brianâ â 12.â Earthâ
â 3.â Floridaâ â 13.â Sundayâ
â 4.â Marchâ â 14.â Alpsâ
â 5.â DonaldâDuckâ â 15.â PacificâOceanâ
â 6.â NorthâAmericaâ â 16.â AbrahamâLincolnâ
â 7.â Thanksgivingâ â 17.â MemorialâDayâ
â 8.â BeverlyâClearyâ â 18.â ThomasâEdisonâ
â 9.â BrownâUniversityâ â 19.â Buickâ
â 10.â JoeâsâDinerâ â 20.â MississippiâRiverâ
Writeapropernounsuggestedbyeachcommonnoun.
â ProPerânounâ ProPerânoun
â 1.â manâ â 11.â mountainsâ
â 2.â countryâ â 12.â oceanâ
â 3.â singerâ â 13.â statueâ
â 4.â presidentâ â 14.â generalâ
â 5.â astronautâ â 15.â carâ
â 6.â holidayâ â 16.â inventorâ
â 7.â comicâstripâ â 17.â streetâ
â 8.â lakeâ â 18.â storeâ
â 9.â detectiveâ â 19.â movieâstarâ
â 10.â gameâ â 20.â restaurantâ
Completethesentenceswithpropernouns.
Inâ âmyâfamilyâvisitedâ âduringâ 1. month 2. place
theâ âweekend.âMyâfriendâ âcameâwithâus.â 3. holiday 4. person
Iâsawâ âforâtheâfirstâtime. 5. thing
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4â SingularâNounsâandâPluralâNounsA singularânoun tells about one person, place, or thing. A pluralânoun tells about more than one. The plural of most nouns is made by adding -s or -es to the singular form. For nouns ending in y after a consonant, change the y to i and add -es. For some nouns ending in f or fe, change the f or fe to v and add -es.
singularâ Pluralâ singularâ Pluralâ singularâ Pluralnutâ nutsâ dayâ daysâ roofâ roofsbenchâ benchesâ berryâ berriesâ wolfâ wolves
Completetheletterbywritingthecorrectpluralformsofthenounsinparentheses.
DearâMomâandâDad,
â IâloveâvisitingâUncleâTedâandâAuntâMakiâonâtheirâfarm.â
Oneâdayâweâpickedâ âandâ â.â 1. peach 2. cherry
Theâfruitâwasâsoâripeâthatâweâjustâshookâtheâ â,âandâtheâfruitâandâ 3. branch
âfellâoffâtheâ â.âWeâhadâ â! 4. leaf 5. tree 6. bushel
Theâfruitâwasâthenâpackedâinâ âandâshippedâtoâ â 7. box 8. factory
whereâitâwillâbeâmadeâintoâjam.âSoonâtheâ âwillâappearâonâourâ 9. Jar
supermarketâ â! 10. shelf
â Laterâinâtheâweek,TedâandâIâpaddledâ âdownâtheâstream.â 11. kayak
Weâsawâtwoâmotherâ âwithâtheirâ â.âIâwasâreally 12. fox 13. baby
surprised.âIâneverâexpectedâtoâseeâwildâ âsoâcloseâtoâtheâfarm. 14. animal
â IâveâbeenâhelpingâAuntâMakiâaâlotâtoo.âIâgetâ âforâdinnerâright 15. vegetable
outâofâtheâgarden.âWeâhaveâfreshâ â,â â,âand 16. carrot 17. radish
âeveryânight.âAfterâdinnerâIâhelpâherâdoâtheâ â. 18. cucumber 19. dish
â Thisâtripâhasâbeenâmyâfavoriteâofâallâmyâ â! 20. vacation
â Love,
â Joey
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5â MoreâSingularâNounsâandâPluralâNounsFor nouns ending in o after a vowel, form the plural by adding -s to the singular form. For some nouns ending in o after a consonant, add -es to the singular. Some singular nouns use a different word to show the plural. Some nouns use the same word for both the singular and the plural.
singularâ Pluralâ singularâ Pluralâ singularâ Pluralradioâ radiosâ gooseâ geeseâ deerâ deertomatoâ tomatoesâ manâ menâ salmonâ salmontrioâ triosâ toothâ teethâ seriesâ series
Writethecorrectpluralformforeachnoun.
â 1.â childâ â 6.â oxâ
â 2.â bisonâ â 7.â heroâ
â 3.â pianoâ â 8.â troutâ
â 4.â potatoâ â 9.â speciesâ
â 5.â mouseâ â 10.â mooseâ
Completeeachsentencewiththepluralformofthenoun.Useacapitalletterwhennecessary.
â 1.â ranchâ Cowhandsâworkâonâ âinâtheâAmericanâWest.
â 2.â burroâ âTheyârideâhorsesâandâuseâmulesâandâ âasâpackâanimals.
â 3.â lassoâ Cowhandsâuseâtheirâ âtoâcatchâstrayâcattle.
â 4.â wolfâ âTheyâprotectâcattleâfromâpredatorsâsuchâasâpumasââ â â andâ â.
â 5.â calfâ Theyâbrandâ âwithâtheâranchâsâbrand.
â 6.â sombreroâ Earlyâcowhandsâworeâ â.
â 7.â sheepâ Someâranchersâraiseâ âinsteadâofâcattle.
â 8.â rodeoâ Manyâcowhandsâcompeteâinâ â.
â 9.â broncoâ Menârideâbullsâandâbuckingâ â.
â 10.â womanâ âcompeteâinâeventsâsuchâasâbarrelâracing.
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6â PossessiveâNounsThe possessiveâform of a noun expresses possession or ownership. The apostrophe (â) is the sign of a possessive noun. To form the possessive of a singular noun, add -âs to the singular form.
architectâ architectâs
To form the possessive of a plural noun that ends in s, add an apostrophe (â) to the plural form.
farmersâ farmersâ
To form the possessive of a plural noun that does not end in s, add -âs to the plural form.
childrenâ childrenâs
Rewritethefollowing,usingsingularpossessivenouns.
â 1.â theâwhistleâofâtheârefereeâ
â 2.â theâvoiceâofâtheâcoachâ
â 3.â theâhorseâofâPaulâRevereâ
â 4.â theâbadgeâofâtheâofficerâ
â 5.â theâspursâofâtheâcowboyâ
Rewritethefollowing,usingpluralpossessivenouns.
â 1.â theâcriesâofâtheâbabiesâ
â 2.â theâsuggestionsâofâbothâmenâ
â 3.â theâwishbonesâofâtheâturkeysâ
â 4.â theâcartsâofâtheâgolfersâ
â 5.â theâtractorsâofâtheâfarmersâ
Underlinethecorrectpossessiveformofthenounineachsentence.
â 1.â Theâcircusâ(ringmasterâsâ ringmastersâ)âvoiceâannouncedâtheânextâact.
â 2.â Aâ(lionâsâ lionsâ)âroarâcausedâexcitement.
â 3.â Allâofâtheâ(elephantâsâ elephantsâ)âtailsâhadâpinkâbowsâonâthem.
â 4.â Allâofâtheâ(childâsâ childrenâs)âeyesâfollowedâtheâtightropeâwalker.
â 5.â Oneâ(acrobatâsâ acrobatsâ)âtrickâamazedâeveryone.
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7â MoreâPossessiveâNounsA noun has both a singular and a plural possessive form.
Writethesingularpossessiveandthepluralpossessiveofeachnoun.
â singularâPossessiveâ PluralâPossessive
â 1.â doctorâ â
â 2.â babyâ â
â 3.â wolfâ â
â 4.â childâ â
â 5.â foxâ â
Completeeachsentencewiththepossessiveformofthenoun.Useacapitalletterwhennecessary.
nationalâparksâ 1.â Grizzlyâbearsâareâoneâofâtheâ âprotectedâspecies.
Alaskaâ 2.â Oneâofâ âclaimsâtoâfameâisâtheâgrizzly,âaâtypeâofâbrownâbear.
grizzliesâ 3.â âbodiesâareâmassive,âsometimesâmeasuringâeightâfeetâlongâandâweighingâasâmuchâasâ900âpounds.
cubsâ 4.â Aâgrizzlyâsâdenâmayâcontainâcubsâandâtheâ âfood.bearâ 5.â Thisâ âclawsâareâstraightâandânotâgoodâforâ
climbing.camperâ 6.â Everyâ âfearâisâtoâencounterâaâgrizzly.foodâ 7.â â âpresenceâatâaâcampsiteâcanâattractâaâbear.humanâ 8.â Aâ âresponseâtoâseeingâaâgrizzlyâcanârangeâfromâ
excitementâtoâterror.natureâ 9.â Anotherâofâ âwildâcreaturesâisâtheâpuma.pumaâ 10.â Theâ âmanyâotherânamesâincludeâcatamount,â
panther,âandâmountainâlion.jungleâ 11.â Theâpumaâisâamongâtheâ âinhabitants,âbutâitâisâ
alsoâfoundâinâmountainsâandâdeserts.kittensâ 12.â Itsâ âbehaviorâisâveryâplayful.catâ 13.â Aâdomesticâ âinstinctsâareâsimilarâtoâaâpumaâs.deerâ 14.â Manyâ âlivesâhaveâbeenâcutâshortâbyâhungryâ
pumas.huntersâ 15.â â âmeansâofâcatchingâpumasâareâtrapsâandâ
openâpits.
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8â âCollectiveâNouns,âConcreteâNouns,âandâAbstractâNouns
A collectiveânoun names a group of persons, places, or things that are considered a unit.
Theâcastâandâtheâorchestraâbowedâtoâtheâaudience.
concreteânouns name items that can be seen or touched. Concrete nouns have singular and plural forms.
Theâstudentsâandâtheâteachersâworkedâonâtheâprojects.
abstractânouns name items that cannot be seen or touched. They usually do not have plural forms, and they generally take singular verbs.
Theâweatherâwasâfilledâwithâlightningâandâthunder.
Writeacollectivenounforeachword.
â 1.â cowsâ â 6.â beesâ
â 2.â geeseâ â 7.â scoutsâ
â 3.â membersâ â 8.â singersâ
â 4.â actorsâ â 9.â bananasâ
â 5.â musiciansâ â 10.â wolvesâ
Circleeachconcretenoun.Underlineeachabstractnoun.â 1.â Weâadmiredâtheâbeautyâofâtheâhandmadeâquilt.â 2.â Ifâgoldfishâareâleftâinâtheâdarkness,âtheyâmayâgetâill.â 3.â PerseverenceâhelpedâShawnâwinâtheâscienceâcompetition.â 4.â ItâwasâMaureenâsâideaâtoâputâtheâlobsterâbackâinâtheâocean.â 5.â Dionâlosesâhisâpatienceâwhenâtheâbusâisâlate.â 6.â Mrs.âCantrellâsâknowledgeâofâgiraffesâimpressedâtheâzookeepers.â 7.â Aâfearâofâheatâkeptâmyâsisterâawayâfromâtheâcampfire.â 8.â Theâpilotâpossessedâgreatâcourageâandâstrength.â 9.â Sethâwasâinâtheâgardenâwhenâheânoticedâaâstrangeâsmell.â 10.â Keishaâsâambitionâandâconfidenceâwillâmakeâherâsuccessful.â 11.â Futureâgenerationsâareâoftenâtheâfocusâofâmyâteacherâsâspeeches.â 12.â MyâattentionâisâonâtheâcharityâIâcanâdoâtoâhelpâpeopleâinâneed.â 13.â Myâbrotherâhasâhopesâtoâgiveâaâgoodâlifeâtoâhisâchild.â 14.â Allisonâsâhonestyâandâintelligenceâmakeâherâanâexampleâtoâfollow.â 15.â Myâbeliefâisâthatâtheâcriticismâwasânotâfair.
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9â NounsâasâSubjectsA noun can be the subject of a sentence. The simpleâsubject is usually the noun that names the person, place, or thing the sentence is about.
Theâbraveâfirefightersârushedâintoâtheâburningâbuilding.
Underlinethesimplesubjectineachsentence.
â 1.â ManyâtribesâlivedâalongâtheâAtlanticâcoastline.
â 2.â TheseâNativeâAmericansâhadâlivedâthereâlongâbeforeâtheâarrivalâofâEuropeans.
â 3.â Villagesâwereâlocatedânearâlakesâandârivers.
â 4.â SixâlargeâtribesâlivedâinâtheâareaâfromâCanadaâtoâFlorida.
â 5.â Eachâtribeâwasâanâindependentânation.
â 6.â Someâtribesâhadâleadersâcalledâsachems.
â 7.â Aâtribeâsâsachemâcouldâbeâaâmanâorâaâwoman.
â 8.â Aâcouncilâofâvillageâleadersâservedâwithâtheâchief.
â 9.â TheâfirstâcolonistsâwereâhelpedâbyâtheseâNativeâAmericans.
â 10.â ChiefâMassasoitâaidedâtheâPilgrims.
Completeeachsentencewithasubjectnoun.Useeachnounonlyonce.
queen island Arthur knights swordlegend king wife stone court
â 1.â KingâArthurâsâ âwasânamedâExcalibur.
â 2.â Aâlargeâ âhadâtheâswordâstuckâinâit.
â 3.â âaloneâwasâableâtoâpullâtheâswordâoutâofâtheâstone.
â 4.â Theâ âofâKingâArthurâwasâatâCamelot.
â 5.â Braveâ âsuchâasâSirâLancelotâattendedâtheâcourt.
â 6.â Theâ âofâKingâArthurâwasânamedâGuinevere.
â 7.â Theâ âfellâinâloveâwithâSirâLancelot.
â 8.â Oneâ tellsâaboutâArthurâsâsister,âMorganâleâFay.
â 9.â Theâ âofâAvalonâwasâruledâbyâMorganâleâFay.
â 10.â Theâ âwentâtoâhisâsisterâsâislandâtoâbeâhealedâofâhisâwounds.
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10â NounsâasâSubjectâComplementsA noun can be a subject complement. A subjectâcomplement renames the subject and completes the meaning of a linking verb, such as am, is, are, was, or were.
â subjecTâ subjecTâcomPlemenT
Debbieâisâaâfitnessâinstructor.
Circlethesimplesubjectineachsentence.Underlinethesubjectcomplement.
â 1.â Snoopyâisâaâblack-and-whiteâbeagle.
â 2.â CharlieâBrownâisâtheâownerâofâSnoopy.
â 3.â Woodstockâisâaâsmallâyellowâbird.
â 4.â WoodstockâisâSnoopyâsâfriend.
â 5.â InâtheâwinterâWoodstockâisâaâhockeyâplayerâonâhisâfrozenâbirdbath.
â 6.â InâtheâsummerâtheâbirdbathâisâWoodstockâsâswimmingâpool.
â 7.â Snoopyâisâaâbaseballâplayerâtoo.
â 8.â CharlieâBrownâisâtheâmanagerâofâtheâbaseballâteam.
â 9.â TheâotherâplayersâareâfriendsâofâCharlieâBrown.
â 10.â CharlesâM.âSchulzâwasâtheâcreatorâofâallâtheseâcharacters.
Completeeachsentencewithanounusedasasubjectcomplement.
â 1.â Aâfamousâschoolâisâ .
â 2.â Myâfavoriteâschoolâsubjectsâareâ âandâ .
â 3.â Myâteacherâwasâ .
â 4.â Theâstudentsâacrossâfromâmeâwereâ âandâ .
â 5.â Ofâallâmyâfriends,âIâamâtheâ .
Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectsubjectcomplement.
capital name Dairy State bird range
â 1.â Wisconsinâisâtheâ â.
â 2.â Denverâisâtheâ âofâColorado.
â 3.â TheâSierraâNevadaâisâaâmountainâ â.
â 4.â Missouriâisâtheâ âofâbothâaâstateâandâaâriver.
â 5.â Theâcardinalâisâtheâstateâ âofâsevenâstates.
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11â NounsâasâDirectâObjectsA noun can be a direct object. A directâobject answers the question whom or what after an action verb in a sentence.
Weâmanagedâtoâpurchaseâtwoâticketsâforâtheâshow.â(Tickets answers the question whatâWhat did we manage to purchase?)
Theâshowâstarsâmyâfavoriteâsinger.â(Singer answers the question whomâWhom does the show star?)
Circlethedirectobjectineachsentence.Writeonthelinewhetheritanswersthequestionwhomorwhat.
â â 1.â ConnecticutâclaimsâtwoâfamousâmenâfromâtheâAmericanâRevolution.
â â 2.â TheâstateâhonorsâNathanâHaleâasâaâhero.
â â 3.â AtâfirstâNathanâHaleâtaughtâschool.
â â 4.â HaleâjoinedâtheââarmyâofâGeorgeâWashington.
â â 5.â WashingtonâneededâinformationâaboutâtheâBritishâtroops.
â â 6.â Inâhisâschoolmasterâsâclothes,âHaleâcrossedâtheâBritishâlines.
â â 7.â OnâtheâBritishâside,âHaleâdrewâmapsâofâtheâBritishâlocations.
â â 8.â Heâhidâtheâmapsâandâinformationâinâhisâshoes.
â â 9.â Unfortunately,âaâBritishâsoldierârecognizedâHale.
â â 10.â TheâBritishâhangedâNathanâHaleâforâspying.
Completeeachsentencewithadirectobject.Useeachnounonce.
battles information forts town markstraitor soldier sides hero Benedict Arnold
â 1.â Connecticutâalsoâproducedâaâ â.
â 2.â Americansârememberâ âasâaâspy.
â 3.â GeneralâArnoldâfirstâwonâ âforâtheâAmericans.
â 4.â BenedictâArnoldâchangedâ âduringâtheâwar,âhowever.
â 5.â Thisâtraitorâleakedâ âtoâtheâBritish.
â 6.â ForâtheâBritish,âGeneralâArnoldâcapturedâtwoâAmericanâ â.
â 7.â DuringâbattleâArnoldâsâtroopsâkilledâeveryâ âinâoneâfort.
â 8.â Hisâtroopsâalsoâburnedâtheâ âofâGriswald.
â 9.â AfterâtheâwarâBritainâacceptedâitsâ âasâaâcitizen.
â 10.â NathanâHaleâandâBenedictâArnoldâleftâtheirâ âonâhistory.
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12â âDirectâObjectsâandâSubjectâComplements
Readeachsentence.WriteDOonthelineiftheitalicizedwordisadirectobject.WriteSCifitisasubjectcomplement.
â â 1.â Tropicalârainâforestsâareâtheâearthâsâoldestâlivingâecosystems.
â â 2.â Rainâforestsâcoverâonlyâaâsmallâpartâofâtheâearthâsâsurface.
â â 3.â Theyâareâhomeâtoâhalfâtheâplantâandâanimalâspeciesâonâtheâearth.
â â 4.â Torrentialârainsâhaveâwashedâmostânutrientsâfromâtheâsoil.
â â 5.â Rainâforestsâhaveânoâdryâorâcoldâseasons.
â â 6.â Aâtropicalârainâforestâhasâfourâlayers.
â â 7.â Theâemergentâlayerâisâtheâtallestâlayerâinâaârainâforest.
â â 8.â Theâcanopyâcontainsâtheâmostâfoodâforârainâforestâanimals.
â â 9.â Theâemergentâlayerâandâtheâcanopyâreceiveâtheâmostâsunshine.
â â 10.â Mostârainâforestâanimalsâareâinhabitantsâofâtheâtopâlayers.
â â 11.â Theâfourthâlayerâofâaârainâforestâisâtheâunderstory.â
â â 12.â Treeâroots,âsoil,âandâdecayingâmaterialâconstituteâtheâforestâfloor.
â â 13.â Theâunderstoryâandâtheâforestâfloorâreceiveâveryâlittleâlight.
â â 14.â Largeâanimalsâareâresidentsâofâtheâforestâfloor.
â â 15.â Foodsâsuchâasâbananas,âchocolate,âandâpepperâareâproductsâofârainâforests.
â â 16.â Theseâfoodsâareâmaintainableâresources.
â â 17.â TheâAmazonârainâforestâcoversâanâareaâaboutâtwoâthirdsâtheâsizeâofâtheâcontinentalâUnitedâStates.
â â 18.â Itâisâtheâworldâsâlargestârain forest.
â â 19.â Rainâforestsâhelpâcontrolâtheâworldâsâclimate.
â â 20.â Rainâforestsâaffectâallâhuman beingsâonâearth.
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13â ObjectsâofâPrepositionsA noun can be the object of a preposition. Aâpreposition can show place, time, direction, and relationship. Some common prepositions are in, into, on, to, by, for, from, at, of, with, and without.
A prepositionalâphrase consists of a preposition and its object, a noun or a pronoun. The noun or the pronoun that follows the preposition is called the objectâofâtheâpreposition.
Theâgroupâofâfansâcheeredâatâtheâappearanceâofâtheâsinger.
Underlinetheprepositionsinthesentences.Circletheobjectofeachpreposition.Somesentenceshavemorethanoneprepositionalphrase.
â 1.â Theâbatâhangsâupsideâdownâinâitsâcave.â 2.â Theâsharpâclawsâonâitsâtoesâclingâtoâtheâceiling.â 3.â Batsâsleepâinâthisâposition.â 4.â Atânightâtheâbatâawakens.â 5.â Itsâlipsâpushâintoâtheâshapeâofâaâhorn.â 6.â Squeakingâsoundsâcomeâfromâitsâthroat.â 7.â Theânoiseâvibratesâtheâairâinâtheâcave.â 8.â Theâbatâlistensâforâechoesâfromâitsâsqueaks.â 9.â Fromâtheâechoes,âtheâbatâcanââseeââanythingâinâtheâdark.â 10.â Batsâareânotâblindâinâtheâdaylight.
Completetheparagraphbyaddingobjectsoftheprepositions.Addwordsifnecessary.
â Myâfriendsâdaredâme,âsoâIâwalkedâintoâ(1.)â â.âTheâinsidesâwereâ
coveredâwithâ(2.)â â,âbutâIâkeptâwalking.âSoonâIâheardâsoundsâ
fromâ(3.)â â.âIâfeltâaâchillârunâdownâ(4.)â â.âIâhadâ
aâlumpâinâ(5.)â â.âMyâfeetâwereâstuckâtoâ(6.)â â.â
SuddenlyâIâfeltâaâcoldâhandâonâ(7.)â â.âAâcryâfinallyâcameâfromâ
(8.)â â.âTurningâaround,âIâsawâaâmanâwithâ(9.)â â
inâ(10.)â â.
Writetwosentencestofinishtheparagraph.Circletheprepositions.
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14â NounsâasâIndirectâObjectsA noun can be the indirect object of a verb. An indirectâobject tells to whom, to what, for whom, or for what the action was done. The indirect object comes between the verb and the direct object.
â â inDirecTâ DirecTâ verbâ objecTâ objecT
sylviaâbroughtâ Karenâ souvenirsâfromâherâtripâtoâegypt.
Circletheindirectobjectineachsentence.Thedirectobjectisitalicized.
â 1.â TheâamendmentsâtoâtheâConstitutionâgiveâAmericansâcertainârights.
â 2.â TheâFirstâAmendmentâguaranteesâpeopleâfreedomâofâspeechâandâreligion.
â 3.â TheâFourthâAmendmentâassuresâresidentsâsecurityâagainstâillegalâsearches.
â 4.â TheâSixthâAmendmentâpromisesâanâaccusedâpersonâaâspeedyâtrial.
â 5.â TheâEighthâAmendmentâgivesâcitizensâprotectionâagainstâcruelâandâunusualâpunishment.
â 6.â TheâThirteenthâAmendmentâofferedâslavesâtheirâfreedom.
â 7.â TheâFifteenthâAmendmentâpromisedâAfricanâAmericanâmalesâtheâvote.
â 8.â TheâNineteenthâAmendmentâgaveâwomenâtheârightâtoâvote.
â 9.â TheâTwenty-SecondâAmendmentâdeniesâaâleaderâaâthirdâtermâasâpresident.
â 10.â TheâTwenty-SixthâAmendmentâassuresâ18-year-oldsâtheâvote.
Underlinethedirectobjectineachsentence.Circletheindirectobject.
â 1.â Mr.âRosenbaumâassignedâtheâclassâaâprojectâonâtheâConstitution.
â 2.â Heâofferedâtheâstudentsâanyâhelpâtheyâneeded.
â 3.â MayaâreadâaâsmallâgroupâtheâBillâofâRights.
â 4.â MichaelâshowedâhisâpartnerâaâWebâsiteâaboutâtheâConstitutionalâConvention.
â 5.â CarlâandâAnnaâsentâtheirâsenatorâaârequestâforâanâinterview.
â 6.â Mr.âRosenbaumâlentâLauraâaâbiographyâofâThomasâJefferson.
â 7.â TriciaâhandedâMr.âRosenbaumâherâpaperâaboutâJohnâAdams.
â 8.â OscarâtoldâhisâclassmatesâaâstoryâaboutâBenjaminâFranklin.
â 9.â TheâprincipalâpromisedâtheâfifthâgradeâaâtripâtoâPhiladelphia.
â 10.â Theâchildrenâsoldâtheirâneighborsâcandyâtoâpayâforâtheâtrip.
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15â NounsâinâDirectâAddressA noun is used in directâaddress when it names the person spoken to. Nouns in direct address are always followed by or preceded by a comma.
Doctor,âdoâyouâthinkâiâhaveâpneumonia?
Underlinethenoun(s)indirectaddressineachsentence.
â 1.â Folks,âstepârightâupâandâgetâyourâtickets.
â 2.â Beâcareful,âboys,âgoingâdownâtheâsteps.
â 3.â Theseâareâboxâseats,âDad!
â 4.â Mr.âMartinez,âdoâyouâthinkâweâwillâbeâableâtoâgetâautographs?
â 5.â Maybe,âJim,âweâmightâgetâaâfew.
â 6.â Fans,âpleaseâstandâforâtheânationalâanthem.
â 7.â Stepâupâtoâtheâplate,âbatter.
â 8.â Iâdonâtâthinkâthatâwasâaâstrike,âDad!
â 9.â JimâandâTodd,âdoâyouâwantâhotâdogs?
â 10.â Doâyouâwantâmustard,âboys,âonâtheâhotâdogs?
Completeeachsentencewithanounindirectaddress.mrs. Velez nurse Higgens Coach Rosa Doctor
â 1.â Whereâdoesâyourâarmâhurt,â ?
â 2.â BringâmeâRosaâsâchart,â â.
â 3.â ,âisâmyâarmâbroken?
â 4.â ,âyourâdaughterâwillâneedâaâcastâforâsixâweeks.
â 5.â IâwonâtâbeâableâtoâplayâinâtheâgameâonâSaturday,ââ .
Writesentences,usingeachwordasanounindirectaddress.Varythepositionofthenoun.
JosĂ©â 1.â
Lauraâ 2.â
classâ 3.â
Coachâ 4.â
swimmersâ 5.â
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16â WordsâUsedâasâNounsâorâasâVerbsA noun is a naming word. A verb expresses action or being. Many words can be used either as nouns or as verbs.
â verbâ noun
beâcarefulâwhenâyouâstepâonâthatâcrookedâstep.
WriteNiftheitalicizedwordisanoun.WriteVifitisaverb.
â â 1.â WeâoftenâvisitâPhiladelphia.
â â 2.â Youâshouldâplanâtoâgoâthere.
â â 3.â AâvisitâtoâIndependenceâHallâisâinteresting.
â â 4.â AlexanderâHamiltonâoversawâtheâplanâforâtheâHall.
â â 5.â TheâdelegatesâdebatedâaboutâtheâwordingâofâtheâU.S.âConstitution.
â â 6.â GeorgeâWashingtonâpresidedâoverâtheâdebate.
â â 7.â FromâIndependenceâHallâitâsâjustâaâshortâwalkâtoâtheâLibertyâBell.
â â 8.â Didâtheâbellâcrackâtheâfirstâtimeâitâwasârung?
â â 9.â Theâcrackâisâaboutâtwoâfeetâlong.
â â 10.â NextâwalkâdownâtheâstreetâtoâBetsyâRossâsâhouse.
Writesentences,usingeachwordfirstasanounandthenasaverb.
â 1.â designâ
â â â
â 2.â ruleâ
â â â
â 3.â surpriseâ
â â â
â 4.â judgeâ
â â â
â 5.â ringâ
â â â
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17â WordsâUsedâasâNounsâorâasâAdjectivesA noun is a naming word. An adjective describes a noun. Many words can be used either as nouns or as adjectives.
â aDjecTiveâ noun
Theâfootballâcoachâtossedâjasonâtheâfootball.
Write Niftheitalicizedwordisanoun.WriteAifitisanadjective.
â 1.â GeorgeâWashingtonâCarverâwasâbornâaâslaveâinâ1864.
â â 2.â Whenâheâwasâaâboy,âslaveâtradersâkidnappedâhimâandâhisâmother.
â â 3.â Heâworkedâonâaâfarmâwhileâheâwentâtoâhighâschool.
â â 4.â Whenâheâwasâ30,âheâwentâtoâcollegeâinâIowa.
â â 5.â Thenâheâbecameâaâcollegeâprofessor.
â â 6.â Heâstartedâstudyingâtheâdiseasesâofâfarmâcrops.
â â 7.â Peanutâplantsâenrichâtheâsoilâinâwhichâtheyâareâgrown.
â â 8.â Carverâisâfamousâforâinventingâmanyâusesâforâtheâpeanut.
â â 9.â Cottonâplantationsâwereâturnedâintoâpeanutâfarms.
â â 10.â CottonâwasânoâlongerâtheâmainâcropâraisedâinâtheâSouth.
Writesentences,usingeachtermfirstasanounandthenasanadjective.
â 1.â bicycleâ
â â â
â 2.â cellâphoneâ
â â â
â 3.â soccerâ
â â â
â 4.â truckâ
â â â
â 5.â pencilâ
â â â
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18â UsesâofâNounsNouns can be used in different ways.
sâ subjectâ Theâdoctorâwroteâtheâprescription.scâ subjectâcomplementâ sheâisâaâsurgeon.Doâ directâobjectâ sheâhasâaâdegreeâfromâharvardâuniversity.ioâ indirectâobjectâ sheâgivesâherâpatientsâaâlotâofâattention.oPâ objectâofâaâprepositionâ sheâpracticesâwithâseveralâdoctors.Daâ directâaddressâ Doctor,âdoâiâhaveâaâfever?
Underlineeachnoun.Aboveeachnounwriteitsuse.Usetheabbreviationslistedintheboxabove.
â 1.â Shelly,âdidâyouâvoteâinâtheâelection?
â 2.â Yes,âErica,âIâcastâmyâballot.
â 3.â Womenâdidnâtâalwaysâhaveâtheârightâtoâ
â â voteâinâtheâUnitedâStates.
â 4.â Theyâgainedâthisârightâinâ1920âthroughâthe
â â NineteenthâAmendment.
â 5.â SusanâB.âAnthonyâfoughtâforâthisâright.
â 6.â SheâgaveâCongressâherâopinions.
â 7.â Sheâandâaâfriendâpublishedâaânewspaper.
â 8.â TheânameâofâtheirâpaperâwasâThe Revolution.
â 9.â Theâpaperâgaveâreadersâaâdifferentâviewâonâissuesâofâtheâday.
â 10.â SusanâB.âAnthonyâalsoâworkedâforâaâchangeâinâwomenâsâfashion.
â 11.â Sheâcutâherâhairâshort.
â 12.â Sheâevenâworeâaâtypeâofâpants.
â 13.â Manyâpeopleâdidânotâapproveâofâthisâattire.
â 14.â WomenâshouldâthankâSusanâB.âAnthony.
â 15.â Sheâwasâaâtirelessâworkerâforâtheârightsâofâall.
Susan B. Anthony fought for womenâs causes. Give an example of how you can help a cause that you believe in.
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19 Reviewing nouns Writeonthelinewhethertheitalicizednounisconcreteorabstract.
â 1.â FrenchâcitizensâgaveâtheâUnitedâStatesâaâgiftâinâ1884.
â 2.â ThisâgiftâwasâtheâStatueâofâLiberty.
â 3.â Thisâmonumentâwasâaâsignâofâfriendshipâandâliberty.
â 4.â ĂdouardâdeâLaboulaye,âaâhistorian,âsuggestedâtheâidea.
â 5.â TheâpeopleâofâFranceâdonatedâmoneyâforâtheâstatue.
Writeonthelinewhethertheitalicizednouniscommonorproper.
â 6.â FrĂ©dĂ©ric Auguste Bartholdiâdesignedâtheâstatue.
â 7.â Theâstatueâwasâtoâbeâbuiltâasâaâproudâwoman.
â 8.â Herâcrownâwasâmadeâwithâsevenâspikes.
â 9.â Theâspikesârepresentedâtheâworldâsâsevenâseasâandâcontinents.
10.â SheâholdsâaâbookâwithâtheâdateâofâtheâDeclaration of Independenceâonâit.
Writeonthelinewhethertheitalicizednounisthesubject,thedirectobject,ortheobjectofapreposition.
11.â TheâengineerâofâtheâstatueâwasâAlexandreâGustaveâEiffel.
12.â Eiffelâbuiltâtheâskeletonâforâtheâcopperâbody.
13.â Sheetsâofâcopperâwereâhammeredâontoâtheâframe.
14.â Bartholdiâsâmotherâwasâtheâmodelâforâtheâface.
15.â TheâtwoâmenâsharedâtheirâtalentsâwithâtheâUnitedâStates.
Circlethesubjectineachsentence.Underlineunderthesubjectcomplement.
â 16.â Theâstatueâisâaâfemaleâfigureâ151âfeetâtall.
â 17.â Theâbaseâofâtheâstatueâisâaâpedestalâ154âfeetâhigh.
â 18.â Theâcrownâofâtheâstatueâwasâonceâanâobservationâdeck.
â 19.â Theâlightsâinâtheâtorchâareâpowerfulâelectricâlamps.
â 20.â TheâhomeâforâthisâgreatâladyâisâNewâYorkâHarbor.
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Circlethenounindirectaddressineachsentence.
â 21.â Dad,âdoâweâreallyâownâthatâredâconvertible?
â 22.â Yes,âweâsureâdo,âDanielle.
â 23.â Wouldâyouâlikeâtoâgoâforâaâride,âgirls?
â 24.â Doâyouâwantâtoâcomeâalong,âGrandma?
â 25.â Sure.âMolly,âwouldâyouâgetâmyâpurse?
Writeonthelinewhethertheitalicizednounisadirectobject,anindirectobject,orasubjectcomplement.
â 26.â Ourâlastâcarâwasâaâsedan.
27.â Dadâboughtâtheâconvertibleâfromâaânearbyâdealer.
28.â Itâhasâleatherâseats.
29.â Theâcarâisâaâbeautifulâmachine.
30.â DadâgaveâMomâaâwonderfulâsurprise.
TryâitâYourselfWritefoursentencesaboutaplaceyouknow.Thinkaboutyouruseofnouns.Checkyourspellingofproper,plural,andpossessivenouns.
checkâYourâownâWorkChooseaselectionfromyourwritingportfolio,ajournal,aworkinprogress,anassignmentfromanotherclass,oraletter.Reviseit,applyingtheskillsyouhavereviewed.Thischecklistwillhelpyou.
â Have you capitalized all proper nouns?
â Have you used the correct plural forms?
â Have you used the apostrophe correctly?
â Have you correctly used nouns in direct address?
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