Experimental Nuclear Physics at Stony Brook Experimental Nuclear Physics at Stony Brook Past, Present, and FuturePast, Present, and Future
Prof. Gene D. SprouseProf. Gene D. SprouseStony BrookStony Brook
• Nov 24, 2006 4:00 pm Superconducting LINAC completed its last experiment at Stony Brook
• This is an opportune time to review the history of the Van de Graaff and the LINAC and the people involved in their acquisition and operation, and to look into the future a little.
Van de Graaff1968
1966
1975
Superconducting LINAC 1983
Department of Physics 1964
Peter Kahn
Alec PondCliff
Swartz ArnieFeingold
Bob deZafra
Juliet Lee-Franzini
Proposal for EN tandem Van de Graaff to SUNY-Alec Pond
sperson
Van de Graaff proposal
Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc. Physics,
proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities
• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review
Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc. Physics,
proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities
• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review• 15 April 1964 State Legislature appropriates $1.35M for
machine and ½ of the building,
Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc. Physics,
proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities
• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review• 15 April 1964 State Legislature appropriates $1.35M for
machine and ½ of the building, • 27 October 1964 NSF grant for ½ of building ($291k) approved.
Pond Proposes going for an FN(King) rather than an EN(Standard).
This is known as “bait and switch”
Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc.
Physics, proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities
• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review• 15 April 1964 State Legislature appropriates $1.35M
for machine and ½ of the building, other ½ ($291k) from NSF funding.
• Jan 1 1965 First NSF research grant for $34,000• Sept 1965 Lin Lee, Dave Fossan hired• Sept 1966 Peter Paul, Bob Weinberg hired• Oct 1966 Building started
October-10-1966 (view from top of Harriman Hall toward Old Chemistry. Trees are site of Grad Chemistry building)
November-10-1966
December-5-1966
February-1-1967
February-1-1967
Completed Van de Graaff building
Trees at right rear of the building will become site of Grad Physics Building
Delivery of the Van de Graaff tank
We all live in a yellow submarine, Yellow submarine, yellow submarine,We all live in a yellow submarine, Yellow submarine, yellow submarine,
Tank entering the building
Current picture of the Van de Graaff
Nuclear Experiment Facilities and Faculty 1965-2007
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Van deGraaff
FACULTYRobert WeinbergLinwood LeeDavid FossanPeter PaulRobert McGrathGene Sprouse
resigned
Van de Graaff Physics Programs
Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Dave Fossan
Giant Dipole Resonance Peter Paul
Charged Particle Reactions Bob McGrathLin Lee
Nuclear moments and applicationsto Solid State, Atomic Physics Gene Sprouse
Two PDP-9 computers from DEC, each costing $100,000. The “big” machine had 16k 18 bit memory cells, and the “small” one 8k!
The machine ran 24-7, and we hired people to operate the machine at night.
Dr. Ron Chestnut, CPE at SLACDr. Dan Dietrich, Livermore.
(Metcalf student who did thesis with van de Graaff)
Dr. Phil Goldstone, Los Alamos
The lab ski trip
Igloo 101
Prof. Steve Rolston, Assoc. Chairman, Univ of Md.Fred Raab, head of the
LIGO Hanford Observatory (Metcalf student)
Prof. Partha Chowdhury, Univ of Mass. Lowell
Ehud Dafni, VP Business Development, CMT
Prof. Gunter Schatz, Univ. Konstanz
Dr. John Noe, Laser Teaching Center
• Friedlander Panel on Future of Nuclear Science NAS/NRC, 1975–77 recommends that two University Van de Graaffs should get “booster accelerators”
• Peter Paul motivates the group to compete for one of these two.
• Collaboration initiated with Cal Tech to build a superconducting LINAC at Stony Brook(Wecould not buy LINAC like vdG)
• Paul and Sprouse stop physics research to devote full time to the project
To expedite the transfer of the superconducting resonator technology to Stony Brook, Sprouse spends a semester at Cal Tech. Whose car is this??
Collaboration with Cal Tech to build superconducting resonators
• There were competing development proposals to NSF from: – Stanford(Hanna, Glavish and Ben Zvi)– Stony Brook(Paul and Sprouse)
• Stony Brook won!
Ilan BenZvi, Director of the Accelerator Test Facility, BNL
Testing the Prototype superconducting resonator with beam
Next step: Test a prototype module containing 3 resonators
What is the difference between these two proposals?
The advanced computer control system of the accelerator was developed primarily by a PhD. Student
Dr. Alfred Scholldorf,VP for development at Reuters
Joseph M. Brennan,AGS Department, BNL
Mike Brennan and Chen Chia-erh,
work on the beam sweeper
Chen later becomes President of Beijing
University and President of the Chinese Physical
Society
Linac room before
400 W Helium Refrigerator Installation
Professor Miriam Rafailovich, Director, Garcia Center, Materials Science Department, Stony Brook
Helium gas storage tank delivery
Installation of Bob McGrath’s scattering chamber “big mac”
Linac room before
Linac room after
• SCIENCE Volume 291, Number 5506, 9 Feb 2001, p. 962. Copyright © 2001 by The American Association for the Advancement of Science.
• NUCLEAR PHYSICS:Nuclei Crash Through The Looking-Glass
• David Voss• Gloves do it. Toupees do it. Even twists of DNA
do it. And now, for the first time, physicists have discovered that atomic nuclei come in right- and left-handed models, too. In the 5 February issue of Physical Review Letters (PRL), a team of researchers from the State University of New York (SUNY), Yale, the University of Tennessee, and Notre Dame reports observations of rapidly spinning nuclei morphing into mirror-image forms. In the process, the physicists also uncovered solid evidence that a long-disputed feature of nuclear anatomy really does exist.
Starosta, Fossan, Koike, LaFosse, Beausang, and Vaman
Nuclear Lifetimes of Fr Isotopes(work done with Luis Orozco, now at UMd.)
1.E-08
1.E-06
1.E-04
1.E-02
1.E+00
1.E+02
1.E+04
201
205
209
213
217
221
225
229
Isotope
Life
time(
seco
nds)
Made at Stony Brook Boulder
Francium Atomic Level Scheme(work done with Luis Orozco, now at UMd.)
9s
Still unknown
Found at Stony Brook
8s
8p3/28p1/2
7p1/2
6d5/2
6d3/2
7s
53.48 +- 0.33 ns
107.53±0.90 ns. 83.5±1.5 ns
trapping transition718 nm
149.3±3.5 ns
7p3/2
7d3/2
7d5/2
29.45+-0.11 ns
21.02+-0.11 ns
73.60+-0.3 ns
67.7+-2.9 ns
Dave Fossan Bob McGrath Gene Sprouse
Lin Lee Peter Paul
Aniko Paul Dot Lee Carolyn McGrathAnn Fossan H’y Sprouse
DAVID B. FOSSAN (1934-2003)
21 Ph.D. students, 17 postdoctorates,260 refereed publications
First recipient of “Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Research and Creative Activity”
1. Neutron Total Cross Sections of Be, 10B, B, C and O, D.B. Fossan and R.L. Walter, W.E. Wilson and H.H. Barschall, Phys. Rev. 123, 209 (1961).
• 2. Differential Cross Sections for the T(p,n)3He Reaction, W.E. Wilson, • R.L. Walter and D.B. Fossan, Nucl. Phys. 27, 421 (1961). • 3. Rotational-State Lifetimes, D.B. Fossan and B. Herskind, Phys. Letters 2, 155 (1962). • 4. Half-Lives of Two Excited States in 172Yb, B. Herskind and D.B. Fossan, Nucl. Phys. 40, 489
(1963). • 5. Half-Lives of First Excited 2+ States (150<A<190), D.B. Fossan and B. Herskind, Nucl. Phys. 40,
24 (1963). • 6. Protons from the 63Cu(p,p) Reaction, N. Cindro, D.B. Fossan and D. Zastavnikovic, Nucl. Phys. 50,
281 (1964). • 7. Small-Angle Elastic Scattering of Neutrons and the Electric Polarizability of the Neutron,
D.B. Fossan and M. Walt, Phys. Rev. Letters 12, 672 (1964). • .• .
• .• 259. Signature inversion in doubly odd 124La H. J. Chantler, E. S. Paul, A. J. Boston, C. J. Chiara,
P. T. W. Choy, A. Fletcher, D. B. Fossan, R. V.F. Janssens, N. S. Kelsall, T. Koike, D. R. LaFosse, P. J. Nolan, D. G. Sarantites, D. Seweryniak, J. F. Smith, K. Starosta, R. Wadsworth, and A. N. Wilson, Phys. Rev. C 66, 014311 (2002)
• 260. Observation of excited states in the near-drip-line nucleus 125Pr A.N.Wilson, D.R.LaFosse, J.F.Smith, C.J.Chiara, A.J.Boston, M.P.Carpenter, H.J.Chantler, R.Charity, P.T.W.Choy, M.Devlin, A.M.Fletcher, D.B.Fossan, R.V.F.Janssens, D.G.Jenkins, N.S.Kelsall, F.G.Kondev, T.Koike, E.S.Paul, D.G.Sarantites, D.Seweryniak, K.Starosta, and R.Wadsworth, Phys.Rev. C66 , 021305 (2002)
Dave Fossan, one of the creators of “Gammasphere”
NSF Funding of Nuclear Structure Laboratory
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Year
Fund
ing/
year
∫ = $41.2Μ
Department Visiting Committee Comments on Nuclear Physics
The Future:Linac:
Beijing Atomic Energy Institute wishes to acquire the LINAC as a booster for their tandem.Van de Graaff:
MARIACHI (Cosmic ray detectors for outreach to high schools)
Tandem Teaching Lab (experiments for advanced laboratory, and C14 dating for outreach)
Detector Research and Development
A. Deshpande, A. Drees, T.K. Hemmick, B. Jacak, M. Marx
Mariachi Workshops
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
• AMS is well established for 14C, 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 129I.
• 14C is the familiar “dating” isotope for biological samples.
• Living materials contain 14C/12C~10-12
• After death, ratio decays t1/2=5730 yr• Accelerator used to strip ions to +3 charge state,
eliminating molecules.• 12C via beam current, 14C via count rate
Proposed Lab Layout:
Grad Lab
14C
MARIACHI
Winder
Det R&D
Concluding remarks• Alec Pond’s vision has largely been realized:
The purchase of the Van de Graaff was one of several statements that Stony Brook intended to be a major research university.
• Peter Paul’s vision to go after the LINAC has paid off well.
• Peter also played a pivotal role in securing RHIC for BNL.
• The Van de Graaff will continue as a productive educational and outreach tool.
Personal remarks• Came to Stony Brook, January 1970• Will go on 5 year leave, starting January 2007 to
become Editor in Chief of the American Physical Society.
• I have worked hard for Stony Brook, and Stony Brook has been good to me. I’ve enjoyed my interactions with my colleagues and the outstanding SB students, especially the last 4 years teaching Honors Physics 141-2.
• My new job is different, with new challenges, and I’m excited about taking them on.
The EndThe EndFor material used in this presentation, many thanks to:For material used in this presentation, many thanks to:
Peter Kahn, Lin Lee, and John Peter Kahn, Lin Lee, and John NoeNoe