Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 1
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Reference: EB FTS 03/2012 ZWB 01
Great thanks to WTD 61 !
Mainly flight test campaign at ETSI
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Issue: official version
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 2
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Contents of the presentation:
1. Introduction (very detailed)
2. Preparation and test objectives of flight test campaign at ETSI
3. Results of flight test campaign
4. SummaryPhoto: by FMS
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 3
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
The model airplane under test is a development of the companyFMS (www.fmsmodel.com).
It is a semi scale model (scale ~1:15) of the Lockheed Martin F- 35 LIGHTNING II AA-1, which was manufactured for the useas initial test aircraft at Lockheed Martin (LM) and for the USAF.
The full scale AA-1 went through his maiden flight with Jon Beesley (LM) at the controls on December 15th, 2006.
The fuselage, the wings, the elevator units and the finassemblies of the model are manufactured mainly of EPOFLEX foam material.
1. IntroductionFundamental
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 4
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
The model is driven by an Electric Ducted Fan (EDF) witha diameter of 64 mm.
A Graupner Remote Control (RC) System MC 19 together withthe Jeti Duplex 2.4 GHz system are used to control and monitor the airplane.
The airplane is controlled with elevators and ailerons in theair and through the nose undercarriage on the ground. Theundercarriage is not retractable and no brakes are installed.
Fundamental
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 5
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
The kit for this model was bought from the company Hobbyflyat the end of August 2012.
The assembly of the airplane could be finished in the middleof September 2012. Then the flight test programme 03/2012 was written.
Fundamental
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 6
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
To be able to carry out the planned F- 35 model testingeffectively and safe, as usual in the project FTS, a flight test programme was written. Remarks: To save time in this case in German language.
Nr: EP FTS 03/2012 “ Erprobungsprogramm 03/ 2012 ”
This test programme introduces the aircraft to be tested and fixed the contents as well as the conditions of the tests.
FTP
Flight Test Programme
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 7
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
Also the test philosophy and the test objectives are explained in thisdocument.
Main test objectives are the assessment of the F-35 mode land the reliability assessment of the Jeti telemetry-sy stem .
Remarks: Whether the calibration of the Jeti telemetry- system sensors are correct, isn't contents of thisassessment. It is the acceptance that all sensors are calibrated correctly.
The assessment of the model is mainly subdivided into three sections / phases: Ground tests, Taxi tests and Flight tests.
FTP
Flight Test Programme
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 8
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
Altogether 21 different main test points were defined forthe ground testing and 14 different main test points were definedfor the taxi testing of the F-35 model.
The flight test constitutes the main part of the assessment of thisairplane. Therefore 50 flights with hundreds of test points havebeen defined.
FTP
Flight Test Programme
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 9
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
From my point of view this is the first time that such an extensive test program has been made for the assessment of a RC flight model.
Also it is an attempt to transfer the flight test principles and techniques of full scale airplanes to flight models.
As far as this is possible at all !
FTP
Flight Test Programme
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 10
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
In the meantime the required ground and taxi testing couldalmost be completed. The not quite unproblematic maiden flight could be carried out successfully on September 23rd, 2012. (in the second attempt)
After the 2nd flight the airplane was provided with the at least necessary telemetry- system equipment (FTI) and a newradome. *Flight Test Instrumentation
FTP
Flight Test Programme
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 11
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
The F-35 airplane model is reduced to the following mainsystems:
- the airplane structure (System 53, 55, 57)
- the (flight control) RC system (System 27)
- the propulsion system (System 71, 72)
- the power supply „system“ (System 24)
- the undercarriage and (System 32)
- the flight test instrumentation (FTI) (System 96)
1. Introduction
Photo: by FMS
Fundamental
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 12
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
WINGSPAN: 715 mm (28,2 inches)
LENGTH: 960 mm (37,8 inches)
WEIGHT: 640g (22,6 oz) without FTI
POWER SUPPLY : 11,1 V 2200 mA 30 C Li-Po Battery
PROPULSION SYSTEM: 64 mm Ducted Fan with Outrunner
Brushless Motor and Electronic Speed Controler (ESC)
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Fundamental 1. Introduction
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 13
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionRC SYSTEM: Transmitter MC 19 with
Jeti TU 2 HF Modul + Jeti Box Mini
Receiver Jeti R 5 sensitivity -98 dBm output power 6 dBm
4 channels in use
FTI: # Jeti MGPS Sensor # Jeti Box Profi
# Jeti MSpeed Sensor # PC Software Flight
# Jeti MVario Sensor Monitor
Photo: G. Leonhardt
Fundamental
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 14
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
The aircaft is equipped with a pitot tube for Ps and Pt air-data acquisition to the Jeti MSpeed sensor.
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Ps = static pressure and Pt = total pressure
FTI System
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 15
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
Control and FTI Data flow
Control Data
FTI Data 2 to Jeti Box Mini
FTI Data 1 to Jeti Box Profi
External cockpit Transmitter MC19
Photo: G. Leonhardt
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Jeti Box Profi
Photo: G. Leonhardt
PCFlight Monitor Software
Jeti Box Mini
FTI and RC
System
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 16
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Jeti
Receiver R5
Servo LH Elevator
Servo RH Elevator
Servo LH Aileron
Servo RH Aileron
Servo NLG Contr.
Expander E4
Jeti MSpeed
Jeti MVario
Jeti MGPS
On board systems
ESC
BATTERY
EDF
1. IntroductionCurrent
Control Data
FTI Data
Pitot Tube
RC SystemFTI System
NLG = Nose Landing Gear
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 17
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
FTI System
Jeti E4
1. Introduction
Technical Parameter Expander E4
Dimensions [mm] 36x20x5 Weight with cables (g) 4 Temperature range min (°C) -10Temperature range max (°C) +85Supply voltage (V) 3,2 ÷ 8,4 Current consumption (mA) 8
The Duplex Expander E4 is used to collect all the sensor data and to send thesevia the receiver and the transmitter to the JETIBOX terminals.
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 18
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Technical Description MGPS
The MGPS sensor defines, based on the Satellite Positioning System (GPS), theexact model position and calculates speed, altitude and distance from the point of origin, furthermore the course, azimuth and the total covered distance.
With the aid of the wireless DUPLEX system actual informations of the MGPS sensor can be transmitted and depicted in real time by the JETIBOX terminals.
Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MGPS
FTI System
Jeti MGPS
1. Introduction
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 19
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Technical Parameter MGPS
Dimensions [mm] 50x30x12,5 Weight incl. Cables (g) 24 Memory 32768 1024 recordingsRecording time* (h/min) 9 / 6 Operating temperature (°C) -20 till 85 Supply voltage (V) 3,5 - 8,4 Mean current consumpt. (mA) 40 Maximum consumption (mA) 100
Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MGPS
FTI System
Jeti MGPS
1. Introduction
Photo: H.-J. Langer
* maximal
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 20
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFTI System
Jeti MVario
Technical Description MVario
The MVario is a sensor to measure the atmospherical (static) pressure and to calculate with the obtained data the altitude above sea level, the rate of climb as well as the rate of descent and it records extreme values of these data.
The changes of rates of climb and descent are signalled and if preadjusted limits are exceeded, alerts are calling for attention. Informations of the sensor aretransmitted via the Duplex System in real time to the JETIBOX terminals.
Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MVario
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 21
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFTI System
Jeti MVario
Technical Parameter MVario
Dimensions [mm] 20x11x5 Weight with cables (g) 6 Measuring accuracy of absolute/relative altitude (m/m) ±9 / ±3Measurement range (hPa) 300 ÷ 1100 Operating temperature (°C) -10 ÷ 85 Supply voltage (V) 3,5 ÷ 8,4 Current consumption (mA) 6
Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MVario
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 22
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Technical Description MSpeed
The MSpeed is a sensor which measures the speed of a flying model throughthe air, to provide the indicated airspeed (IAS).
The measurement of airspeed is based on the principle of change in total pressure, measured by a pitot tube, which is connected by silicon tubing.
Informations of the sensor are transmitted via the Duplex System in real time to the JETIBOX terminals. Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MSpeed
1. IntroductionFTI System
Jeti MSpeed
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 23
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Technical Parameter MSpeed
Dimensions [mm] 22x25x13Pitot tube dimensions (mm) 54x3 Weight complete (g) 21 Precision (km/h) 5 Limit (km/h) 20 - 350Operating temperature (°C) 0 - 85 Operating Voltage (V) 3,5 - 8,4 Current (mA) 10
Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MSpeed
1. IntroductionFTI System
Jeti MSpeed
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 24
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
MGPS SensorTimeStamp hh:mm:ssLatitude °/mm/ssLongtude °/mm/ssQualiySatCount 1-12Altitude mDistance mGround Speed m/sAltRelativ mCourse °Azimuth °Impules msTrip mDate dd:mm:jj
MSpeed Sensor
Velocity m/sTemperature °/C
MVario Sensor
Vertical velocity m/sAbs. altit mRel. altit mAir pressure hPaTemperature °/C
FTI System Data
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Source: Jeti INSTRUCTION MANUALS
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 25
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
FTI equipment installation positionsMSpeed +
Expander E4
MVario
MGPS
1. IntroductionFTI System
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Pitot Tube
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 26
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
Technical Description Transmitter
The MC-19 is a professional microcomputer remote control system using the state-of-the-art 2.4-GHz Jeti Duplex technology.
The use of the Jeti 2.4-GHz Duplex transmission technology ensures the highest in functional reliability thanks to the bidirectional communication between transmitter and receiver with the option to connect a telemetry jetibox on the transmitter (Jeti Box Mini).
The transmitter has a capacity of 20 model memories.Source: INSTRUCTION MANUALS Jeti Duplex and Graupner MC 19
Photo: G. Leonhardt
RC System
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 27
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Technical Parameter Transmitter
Dimensions [mm] ~225x215x70 Weight (g) ~1200 Channel pulse width (ms) 1,5 +/- 0,5Modulation Typ PPMOperating temperature (°C) -15 till +55 Supply voltage (V) 9,6 ÷ 12Current consumption (mA) 40Output power TU 2 (dBm) 20 = 100 mWCurrent consumption TU2 (mA) 38
Source: INSTRUCTION MANUALS Jeti Duplex and Graupner MC 19
1. Introduction
Photo: G. Leonhardt
RC System
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 28
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
Transmitter/ (External Cokpit) MC 19 Funktions and Displays
Rollstick
Throttel-stick
Yawstick
Pitch-stick
FTI- Display
Photo: G. Leonhardt
Transmitter- LCD Screen
Graupner Mode 1Throttel at right stick
RC System
Photo: G. Leonhardt
Jeti Box Mini
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 29
Photo: by FMS
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental SoftwareThe software for this model airplane is subdivided into usersoftware and firmware. (Firmware only by manufacturer update alterable)
These software parts are needed both for the remotecontrol system and for the flight test instrumentation.
Different parts of the complete software are integrated in the onboard systems and in the transmitter.
These parts of the user software has have developed in theProject FTS.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 30
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
The respective software version is marked by a softwareversion number and corresponds to a so-called programmesoftware configuration (PSC).
Up till now three software versions have been programmed.
The test programme started with the ground test softwareversion PSC 1.1.1
Fundamental Software Photo: by FMS
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 31
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
The current programme software configuration is„PSC 3.2.1“The number „3….." for example describes the phase of thetesting, in this case the flight test phase, the number „..2..“the software version of the transmitter and the number „….1“the software version of the receiver.Only one unplanned user software change was necessaryup to now. For the evaluation of the FTI data after a flight, the Jeti PC Software "Flight Monitor" is in use.
Fundamental Software Photo: by FMS
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 32
Photo: by FMS
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. Introduction
Jeti PC Software: „Flight Monitor“
Fundamental Software
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 33
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results Ground Tests
System tests ResultsAirplane structure SATISFACTORYFlight control system SATISFACTORYPower supply SATISFACTORYUndercarriage SATISFACTORYPropulsion system UNACCEPTABLEPhoto: H.-J. Langer
Photo: by FMS
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 34
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
System tests ResultsCenter of Gravity (CG) Longitudinal axis SATISFACTORY
Center of gravity 85 mm behind the datum linePre-flight software verification tests SATISFACTORYAileron deflection tests SATISFACTORYElevator deflection tests SATISFACTORYNose Landing Gear deflection tests SATISFACTORY
Ground Tests
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 35
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
System tests ResultsEWD SATISFACTORY
Elevator angle to horizontal level of the fuselage = 5°RC System range test SATISFACTORYServo linkages tests SATISFACTORYAircraft vibration tests SATISFACTORYLanding Gear fastening tests UNACCEPTABLE
.
Ground Tests
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 36
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Taxi TestsTestpoints ResultsGround steering capabilityLow speed (up to 10 kt) SATISFACTORYHigh speed (up to nose rotation speed ) SATISFACTORYAcceleration tests SATISFACTORYDeceleration tests (without brakes) SATISFACTORYNose rotation capability tests UNACCEPTABLEBecause due to distance exceedance between Main Landing Gear(MLG) position and CG position. Recommendation was: Installation point of the MLG must be ~ 2 cm nearer to the longitudinal CG position(ER).
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 37
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Flight Tests
Maiden flight (1st attempt) Result: UNACCEPTABLE !
23.09.2012 12:30-12:31 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
After the first lift off it came to a immediate out of control situation due to a pilot-induced oscillation (PIO) event caused by overcontrol around the longitudinal axis. Because of strong oszillations one of the wing tips touched the groundand the airplane somersaulted. Fortunately only thefuselage radome was damaged slightly and the flight tests could be continued on this day. Recommendation was: Aileron deflection must bereduced by 20 % before the next test flight (ER).
.Photo: G. Leonhardt
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 38
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Flight Tests
Maiden flight (1st attempt) Result: UNACCEPTABLE !
23.09.2012 12:30-12:31 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
Remarks:
The deflection angles of the ailerons weren't changed after delivery of the airplane and the „FMS F-35 OPERATING MANUAL“ doesn't containany details which deflection angles have to be adjusted.
Photo: G. Leonhardt
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 39
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Flight Tests
Maiden flight (second attempt)
23.09.2012 12:45-12:50 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
TEST OBJECTIVES: - determine engine reliability and- flight control characteristics- perform a safe landing
Test ResultsEngine reliability SATISFACTORYFlight control characteristics SATISFACTORYAircarft stability SATISFACTORY
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 40
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Flight Tests
Maiden flight (second attempt)
23.09.2012 12:45-12:50 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
Aircraft structure - radome UNSATISFACTORY
Recommendation was:
Radome should be repaired / changed before the 3rd test flight.
Highly Desirable !
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 41
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Flight Tests
Maiden flight (second attempt)
23.09.2012 12:45-12:50 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
SummaryAll systems of the airplane and the aircraft itself have performed as expected.
All tests objectives could be accomplished.
The first general impression of the airplane was positive after the fright of thefirst attempt.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 42
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Flight Tests
Second Flight
23.09.2012 13:20-13:27 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
TEST OBJECTIVES: - determine again engine reliability- and flight control characteristics- perform a second safe landing
Test ResultsEngine reliability SATISFACTORYFlight control characteristics UNSATISFACTORYAircarft stability SATISFACTORY
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 43
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
Flight Tests
Second Flight
23.09.2012 13:20-13:27 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
Flight control characteristics UNSATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment: The airplane reacts (still) very sensitive to rollcontrol inputs witha tendency to overcontrol.
Recommendation was: The flight control characteristics should be improved byfine justification of the flight control software. E.g. use 30% Expo at rollcontrol.
Highly Desirable !
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 44
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
23.09.2012 13:20-13:27 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
Aircraft structure - radome UNSATISFACTORY
Recommendation was:
Radome should be repaired / changed before the 3rd test flight.
Highly Desirable !
Flight Tests
Second Flight
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 45
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
23.09.2012 13:20-13:27 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
Aircraft stability SATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment: It seems that the airplane is more stable if the throttle is in maxpower position. (subjective impression)
Recommendation was: none
Remark: This observation is explicable by the stabilizing gyroscope effect of theengine.
Flight Tests
Second Flight
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 46
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results
Photo: by FMS
23.09.2012 13:20-13:27 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR
SummaryAll systems of the airplane have performed as expected with the exception of theabove mentioned deviations.
All tests objectives could be accomplished and the positive general impressionof the previous flight could be confirmed.
.
Flight Tests
Second Flight
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 47
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
As a great surprise in 2012 there was the opportunity to carry out a one day test campaign at ETSI.
This was possible on invitation and with the kind support of Mr.Lieutenant-Colonel R. Hierl of the WTD 61, the official test center of the German Air Force at ETSI.
I was very pleased about this possibility and of course this event should be prepared very well.
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 48
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
This test campaign at ETSI was planned for October 9th and the transfer of the airplane and the equipment was planned for October 8th.
The airplane and the equipment reached ETSI on October 8th, 2012 in the late afternoon.
All necessary technical preparations were already carried out in the home workshop.
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 49
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
First the required information and a copy of the aeronauticsinsurance document were sent to the WTD 61.
The planned test flights were declared as special „event“ flightsoutside the regular flight test program.
However, in the whole assessment of the airplane the results of theETSI campaign were taken into account as well as the results of theregular test program.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 50
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
A flight safety and risk assessment was carried out to reduceexisting flight test programme restrictions for once.
This was necessary to be able to use an extended flight envelopeof the aircraft to carry out performance demonstrations at thiscampaign, at this very early time in the flight test programme.
As an Exception!
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 51
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
The day of the campaign started with the usual briefing at 07:30 a.m. Unfortunately, the weather forecast for this day was so bad that thefirst flight of the day couldn't take place before 4:00 p.m. locally.
(low hanging clouds and rain, rain and rain)
The forecast for the surface wind wasn't much better, more and more increasing after 4:00 p.m.
.
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 52
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Three planned flights were scheduled for the F-35 model on mysortie board.
Due to other planned flights with a higher priority and because of the actual weather conditions at the airfield the first flight of theday was scheduled in the end for 4:30 p.m. locally.
.
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 53
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
For take-offs and landings of model airplanes at the airfield ETSI the taxi way south, between A1 and A2, of the runway 25L isdetermined.
At this airfield every model pilot who wants to fly his model musthave received a special introduction and approval.
A steady communication link to the ATC tower has to be ensured.
.
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 54
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Model take-off an landing areataxiway south, between A1 and A2
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Runway 25L
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 55
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
TEST OBJECTIVES: - Pilot aerodrome familiarisation- Performance Demonstration - FTI System Test
Restriction: The extended flight envelope only applies to the flight numbers 3 and 4.
Flight Test Plan ETSI
1000515ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Min. Ceiling ftMin. Visibility kmMax. Wind ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
FTI = Flight Test Instrumentation
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 56
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown and relighting in flight. - Performance Demonstration
- FTI System TestRestriction: The extended flight envelope only applies to the flight numbers 3 and 4.
1000515ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Min. Ceiling ftMin. Visibility kmMax. Wind ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
Flight Test Plan ETSI
FTI = Flight Test Instrumentation
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 57
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown in flight - Engine inop landings- FTI System Test
Flight Test Plan ETSI
1000515ETSI5PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Min. Ceiling ftMin. Visibility kmMax. Wind ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
FTI = Flight Test Instrumentation
2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 58
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
3. Results of flight test campaign
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSIResults
>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
TEST OBJECTIVES: - Pilot aerodrome familiarisation- Performance Demonstration - FTI System Test
Test ResultsPilot familiarisation SATISFACTORYPerformance Demonstration SATISFACTORYFTI system test SATISFACTORY
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 59
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSIResults
>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
Pilot aerodrome familiarisation SATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment:The familiarisation flight hasn't caused any problems. Sufficient obstacleclearance in all directions and an excellent take off and landing area.With one exception: A drainage gutter on the taxi way must be taken into accountwhich one represents a dangerous obstacle for small model aircraft wheels.Recommendation was: Land behind the drainage gutter at all landings.Remarks: none
3. Results of flight test campaign
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 60
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSIResults
>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
Performance Demonstration SATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment: In the context of the performance demonstration at this flight the first loopwas flown with the F-35 model.Recommendation was: noneRemarks: Initial speed of loop = 19,7 m/s, Exit speed of loop = 13,8 m/s, speed at the upper point of the loop = 5,1 m/s.
3. Results of flight test campaign
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 61
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSIResults
>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
Performance Demonstration SATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment: In the context of the performance demonstration at this flight the first aileronroll was flown with the F-35 model.Recommendation was: noneRemarks: Initial speed of aileron roll = 17,8 m/s, Exit speed of aileron roll = 16,8 m/s, estimated rollrate with 90% rollstick input ~ 200 °/s.
3. Results of flight test campaign
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 62
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSIResults
>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
FTI System Test SATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment:The FTI system worked as expected and all information were displayed at the Jeti Box Mini and the Jeti Box Profi how selected and could be recordedin the Jeti Box Profi successful. The download of the flight data on a PC withthe Jeti software „Flight Monitor“ also could be carried out successfully in considerably short time.
3. Results of flight test campaign
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 63
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSIFlight path
>1000>5300/10-15ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 64
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSIAltitude profile
Power on Take off Landing Power off
Jeti PC Flight Monitor Data
Taxi
16:51:3516:50:0112 m/s27,1 m/s71 m *14,6 m/s16:47:2616:45:28
Power off TimeLDG TimeLDG SpeedMax GPS SpeedMax Alt AGLT/O SpeedT/O TimePower on Time
1. LoopTaxi
1. Aileron Roll
3. Results of flight test campaign
* Indicated!
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 65
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 1 at ETSISpeed profile
>1000>5300/10-15ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
16:51:3516:50:0112 m/s27,1 m/s71 m *14,6 m/s16:47:2616:45:28
Power off TimeLDG TimeLDG SpeedMax GPS SpeedMax Alt AGLT/O SpeedT/O TimePower on Time
3. Results of flight test campaign
* Indicated!
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 66
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown and relightning in flight - Performance Demonstration - FTI System Test
Test ResultsEngine shutdown and relighting in flight NOT ACCOMPLISHEDPerformance Demonstration SATISFACTORYFTI system test SATISFACTORY
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 67
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
Pilot Comment: This flight was influenced in a very annoying way by the given wind conditions and required much pilot compensation. Already shortly after the take-off the airplane got into a very short-time out of control situation. Suddenly the airplane was inverted by a combination of crosswind and transgression of the ISVCR (Individual Safe Visual Control Range) but could be recovered successfully by the pilot with a half loop downwards within three seconds. The flight was continued after this event with the scheduled programme relative unimpressed but without engine shutdown and relighting in flight.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 68
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Vilocity Vario Rel. Alt it
Viloc ity 23,9 2 0,7 18,5 18,1 19,6 20 ,7 21 20,1 18,8
Vario 4,3 1,6 2,6 0 0 -2 ,2 -0,6 -0,6 0,1
Rel. A lt it 33,6 3 4,7 35,5 35,1 33,8 30 ,9 23,8 22,5 22,5
16:58:18 16 :58:19 16:58:19 16:58:20 16:58:21
Out of control situation data
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 69
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
Engine shutdown and relightning in flight NOT ACCOMPLISHED
Pilot Comment: Due to the strong crosswind conditions the corresponding test points to thisTEST OBJECTIVE couldn't be carry out.Recommendation was: Repeat these test points at the next test flight as an additional test objective.Remarks: Too high risk of losing the model.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 70
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
Performance Demonstration SATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment: During this performance demonstration another two loops wereflown successful. The first in wings level and the second with a little bank angle (~10°) to check the direction stability of the aircraft during loops. Recommendation was: noneRemarks: The direction stability did not show any unexpected behavior:
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 71
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
Performance Demonstration SATISFACTORYPilot Comment: In addition to the planned program of this flight the host test pilot asked for a max climb angel test. This test was carried out with the followingresult: After six seconds, by a too high choice of climb angle (~45°) this test hadto be stopped because the speed of the aircraft reached the estimated minimal permissible airspeed.Remarks: As the flight data pointed out the speed was only 6,4 m/s in the end. Itwas astonishing that the airplane still could be piloted very well and the stabilitywas also acceptable.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 72
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
FTI system test SATISFACTORY
Pilot Comment: The FTI system worked as expected again. At the evaluation of the height dataof both flights, deviations between the airfield altidude data and the FTI altidudedata were discovered. Nevertheless the system works as designed.
Reason: The origin and the altitude above sea level were not set to ETSI.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 73
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
FTI system test SATISFACTORY
Remarks: MGPS: Origin set up is very important for correct measurements of actual sensorvalues like distance and altitude.MVario: For exact measurements of the absolute altidude the known altitudeabove sea level must be set at a point, where the sensor will be operating furtheron. Source: INSTRUCTION MANUALS Jeti MGPS and MVario
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 74
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI
Results
FTI system test SATISFACTORY
Recommendation was: The before start up check list should be completed with the folowing points:
1. Set MGPS "Origin" to the current position of the aircraft2. Set MVario "Altitude" to the known altitude ASL of the used aerodrome
Highly Desirable !
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 75
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 2 at ETSIFlight path
>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
3. Results of flight test campaign
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 76
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 2 at ETSIAltitude profile
Power on Power off
Jeti PC Flight Monitor Data
17:04:1617:02:138,8 m/s24,5 m/s105 m *15,0 m/s16:57:5116:56:02
Power off TimeLDG TimeLDG SpeedMax GPS SpeedMax Alt AGLT/O SpeedT/O TimePower on Time
3. Results of flight test campaign
* Indicated!
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 77
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
Flight 2 at ETSISpeed profile
>1000>5300/17ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
17:04:1617:01:378,8 m/s24,5 m/s105 m *15,0 m/s16:57:5316:56:02
Power off TimeLDG TimeLDG SpeedMax GPS SpeedMax Alt AGLT/O SpeedT/O TimePower on Time
3. Results of flight test campaign
* Indicated!
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 78
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown in flight - Engine inop landings- FTI System TestFTI = Flight Test Instrumentation
3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 3 at ETSI
Results
>1000>5300/17-20ETSI5PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 79
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61
TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown in flight - Engine inop landings- FTI System TestFTI = Flight Test Instrumentation
Flight 3 at ETSI
Results
3. Results of flight test campaign
>1000>5300/17-20ETSI5PSC 3.2.109.10.2012
Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 80
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
4. SummaryThe work of preparation the campaign was completed at the right time.
The required documentation was prepared and utilizable at the test beginning.
The performed flights were strongly influenced by the weather conditions.
Not all defined TEST OBJECTIVES were accomplished due to the weatherconditions.
The Jeti telemetry system worked onehundred percent reliably and all sensor data could be downloaded from the Jeti box professional and evaluated with the "Flight Monitor„ software.
The airfield ETSI suits model flight testing very well and more experiencecould be gained again with the airplane and his qualities.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 81
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
4. SummaryParticularly the second flight showed that this airplane is still wellcontrollable at relatively strong wind, but it remains a vary lightweightmodel aircraft. This must be taken into account during operating thisairplane in strong wind conditions.
Therefore it is strongly recommended that the pilot is experienced in flyingthis model and flying under such conditions. The wind speed shouldn'texceed 15 knots for safety reasons.
The small measurements of length and wingspan of the airplane leadsrelatively fast to the transgression of the ISVCR in particular.
The EDF of the airplane works reliable and offers a sufficient engineperformance for fighter plane - typical maneuvers.
The assessment of the F-35 model will be continued in the year 2013.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 82
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Thank you for your interest to this presentation.
Many thanks for the support of the F-35 model testing at ETSI to the WTD 61 and in special to
Mr R. Hierl.You shouldn't be afraid to contact me if you have questions related to this
presentation.
Photo: H.-J. Langer
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 83
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
UNACCEPTABLEAssessment Classification
Explanation
Aircraft handling characteristics would be very likely to cause accidents with subsequent aircraft damage or loss. Precise aircraft control with operational requirements was not possible as pilot workload was increased to an unacceptable level, both of which could possibly result in mission failure.Aircraft performance characteristics would not permit the required mission to be achieved.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 84
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
UNACCEPTABLEAssessment Classification
Explanation
Assessed item or procedure restricted safe and fault-free aircraft operation and system management, or would possibly cause injury or aircraft damage. Efficient or safe aircraft operation / system management or carrying out a procedure was not possible, required undivided attention or caused intolerable distraction.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 85
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
UNACCEPTABLEAssessment Classification
Explanation
System functionality and performance would possibly cause injury or accidents with subsequent aircraft damage or loss, or would severely restrict the operational potential of the aircraft with a high probability of mission failure.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 86
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
UNSATISFACTORYAssessment Classification
Explanation
Aircraft handling characteristics would restrict the operational capability of the aircraft. Compromise in adequate aircraft control and/or inappropriate pilot workload in performing a task would have to be accepted.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 87
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
UNSATISFACTORYAssessment Classification
Explanation
Aircraft performance did not closely match the Performance Data Block (PDB) prediction.Assessed item or procedure was inconsistent with overall design philosophy and /or operational requirements. Efficient aircraft operation and system management required increased attention or was restricted by distraction.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 88
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
UNSATISFACTORYAssessment Classification
Explanation
System functionality and performance was not consistent with overall design philosophy and would restrict the operational capability of the aircraft.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 89
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
SATISFACTORYAssessment Classification
Explanation
Aircraft handling characteristics fully supported the operational role of the aircraft without requiring improvement. At least suitable aircraft control was possible with adequate pilot workload.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 90
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
SATISFACTORYAssessment Classification
Explanation
Aircraft performance closely matched the PDB prediction.Assessed item or procedure was consistent with overall design philosophy and /or operational requirements thus supporting efficient aircraft operation and system management.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 91
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
SATISFACTORYAssessment Classification
Explanation
System functionality and performance was consistent with overall design philosophy and supported the operational requirements of the aircraft.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 92
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
ESSENTIAL (ER)Classification of Conclusions
Explanation
Resulted from an UNACCEPTABLE conclusion. Corrective action must be taken prior to further testing or aircraft entry into service.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 93
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
Appendix
Highly Desirable (HDR)Classification of Conclusions
Explanation
Resulted from an UNSATISFACTORY conclusion. High priority should be given to corrective action for this issue prior to further testing or aircraft entry into service.
Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 94
Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC
Leonhardt RC Model
Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35
AppendixISVCR = Individual Safe Visual Control Range
Explanation
The ISVCR is defined* as the distance between the pilot and the flight modelwhere the pilot is able to recognize the present flight condition of the model to
control it safe.
This is depending on the following „Individual“ factors :
On the side of the pilot: On the side of the model airplane:State of health, Experience and practice Type of Airplane, Size, Coloration, situation in the airspace, Weather Speed, Altitude and Direction of flightconditions like: Clouds, Positionof the sun, Visibility, Area composition
*by Gunar Leonhardt