Figure 7-1a The Axial SkeletonSKELETAL SYSTEM 206
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
(see Figure 8–1)
Cranium
Hyoid
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Associatedbones
Skull
FaceSkull and
associatedbones
Thoraciccage
Vertebralcolumn
AXIAL SKELETON
Auditoryossicles
8
14
6
1
1
24
24
1
1
29
25
26
80
An anterior view of the entire skeleton, with the axial components highlighted. The numbers in the boxes indicate the number of bones in the adult skeleton.
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Figure 7-1b The Axial Skeleton
Sternum
Costalcartilages
Skull
Ribs
Lumbarvertebrae
Coccyx
Sacrum
Anterior (left) and posterior (right) views of the axial skeleton.The individual bones associated with the skull are not visible.
Cervicalvertebrae
Thoracicvertebrae
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The Axial Skeleton
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Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton
ClaviclePectoral
girdle
Upperlimbs
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpalbones
Metacarpalbones
Phalanges
Pelvicgirdle
Hip bone
SKELETAL SYSTEM
AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON
(see Figure 7–1)
206
80 126
4
2
60
16
10
28
2
2
2
2
22
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Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton (Part 2 of 2)
Lowerlimbs
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal bones
Metatarsalbones
Phalanges
2
2
2
2
60
14
10
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Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull (Part 2 of 3).
Nasal bone
Lacrimal bone
VomerZygomatic
bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Facial bones protect and support theentrances to the digestive and respiratorytracts.
Cranial bones surround and protect the brain.
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontalbone
Occipitalbone
Temporalbone
Parietal bone
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Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull (Part 3 of 3).
Auditory ossicles
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Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull
MAXILLA
ZYGOMATICBONE
NASALBONE
MANDIBLE
VOMER
LACRIMALBONE
ETHMOID
SPHENOID
FRONTALBONE
TEMPORALBONE
PARIETAL BONE
OCCIPITAL BONE
Cranial bones
Facial bones
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Figure 7-3d The Adult Skull.
Parietal bone
Anterior viewd
Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
Nasal bone
Ethmoid
Temporal bone
Palatine bone
Lacrimal bone
Zygomatic bone
Mastoid process oftemporal bone
Middle nasal concha(part of ethmoid)
Inferiornasal concha
Perpendicular plateof ethmoid
Vomer
Bony nasal septum
Mental protuberance
Foramen orFissure
Major StructuresUsing Passageway
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid
Supraorbitalforamen
Optic canal
Superior orbitalfissure
• Supraorbital nerve (branch of N V)
• Supraorbital artery
• Optic nerve (N II)
• Ophthalmic artery
• Oculomotor nerve (N III), trochlearnerve (N IV), opthalmic branch oftrigeminal nerve (N V), andabducens nerve (N VI)
• Maxillary branch of trigeminalnerve (N V)
Inferior orbitalfissure
Maxilla
Infraorbitalforamen
• Infraorbital nerve, branch ofmaxillary nerve (N V)
• Infraorbital artery
Mandible
Mental foramen • Mental nerve, branch ofmandibular nerve (N V)
• Mental vessels
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Figure 7-3e The Adult Skull.
Inferior viewe
Frontal bone
Maxilla
Palatine bone
Zygomatic bone
Zygomatic arch
Medial and lateralpterygoid processes
Vomer
Styloid process
Mandibular fossa
Occipital condyle
Mastoid process
Lambdoid suture
Occipital bone
External occipitalprotuberance
Sphenoid
Foramenlacerum (withtemporal andoccipital bones)
Foramenovale
Temporal Bone
Externalacoustic meatus
Carotid canal
Stylomastoidforamen
• Internal carotid artery after leavingcarotid canal
• Auditory tube
• Mandibular branch of trigeminalnerve (N V)
• Air in meatus conducts sound toeardrum
• Internal carotid artery
• Facial nerve (N V)
Occipital Bone
Foramenmagnum
Jugular foramen(with temporalbone)
• Medulla oblongata (most caudalportion of brain)
• Accessory nerve (XI)
• Vertebral arteries
• Glossopharyngeal, vagus, andaccessory nerves (N IX, X, XI)
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Figure 7-4 Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 1 of 9).
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Figure 7-4 Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 2 of 9).
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superior surface
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anterior surfaceCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. p. 217
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p. 211
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Figure 7-15a The Nasal Complex.
Frontal sinus
Ethmoidair cells
Sphenoidal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Locations of the paranasal sinuses.a
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Figure 7-16a The Skull of an Infant.
Coronalsuture
Frontalbone
Parietalbone
Greater wingof sphenoid
Nasalbone
Maxilla
Mandible Temporalbone
Squamoussuture
Occipitalbone
Lambdoidsuture
Lateral view
Sphenoidalfontanelle
Mastoidfontanelle
Fontanelles
a
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Figure 7-16b The Skull of an Infant.
Coronal suture
Fontanelles
Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle
Occipitalbone
Lambdoidsuture
Superior view
Parietalbone
Coronal suture
Parietalbone
b
Frontalbone
Frontalbone
Frontal suture Sagittal suture
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p. 231Table 7-1 in 10th ed
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