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Colonel Trey Turner and Major Jay Adair
16 Oct 2009
Deadly PersistenceDeadly PersistenceIntegrating Armed UAVs and Ground Forces inIntegrating Armed UAVs and Ground Forces inKandaharKandahar
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To provide an overview of theintegration of UAVs and ground forcesin Kandahar province during 2008
AimAim
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The Operating EnvironmentThe 2 PPCLI Battle Group
Integrating UAVs into the Joint
Tactical Fight
AgendaAgenda
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This brief deals with the employment of UAVs, notnecessarily striking with PGMs from UAVs
We operated in a UAV Laboratory and the lessons learnedare applicable across the spectrum
The key to the employment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles isthe man
Optimal employment of UAVs demands a nuancedunderstanding of the environment gained only through
interaction with the population on the ground
UAVs and the potential of UAVs influence the manner inwhich the enemy fights
Bottom Line Up FrontBottom Line Up Front
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It's not necessarily the strong enemy, it's the veryweak institutions of the state... in that weakness,you have Taliban influence able to move in there,and through coercion of the people, assert that
influence.
LTG Eikenberry 10 May 2006
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Uzbekistan
RC Capital
Tajikistan
China
PANJSH
ER
WARDAKBAMIAN
GHAZNI
PAKTIKA
PAKTIA
NANGARHAR
KONAR
BAGHLAN
BADAKHSHATAKHAR
KONDUZ
SAR-E POLFARYAB
BADGHIS
HERAT
GHOWR
FARAH
HELMAND
ZABOL
KANDAHARNIMRUZ
LOWGAR
DAIKONDI
ORUZGAN
Kabul
BALKH
JOWZJAN
NURESTAN
SAMANGAN
KHOST
PARWAN
LAGHMAN
Turkmenistan
RC West
RC South RC East
Pakistan
41 Nations Total41 Nations Total 58,93258,932
Top Contributors:Top Contributors:USUS
25,30025,300
UKUK
8,6008,600
GermanyGermany
3,600 Canada3,600 Canada
3,4003,400
ItalyItaly
2,9002,900FranceFrance
2 7002,700
NATO/ISAF and OEFMandates
NATO/ISAF and OEFMandates
USFOR-A:13,717
USFOR-A:13,717
RC North
Iran
KAIA
KAF
L
As of: 13 Feb 09
6
S i SS S
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Security SummarySecur ty Summary20082008
Baluchi
Area
NWFP
FATA 2
1
3
Major INSURGENT
Lines of Operation
Kinetic Event Density
Increasing 24% Afghans perceive improvement,19% perceive worsening (Sep 08 poll)
70% of kinetic events continue tooccur in 10% of the districts
33% increase in Kinetic Events
IED events up 27%....single largestcause of casualties
ISAF/OEF Deaths: up 35%
Civilian Deaths: up 40% - 46%*
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....
KAF
20 kmKANDAHAR
Kandahar
KAF
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TYPICAL PANJAWYI AND ZHAREY
TOPOGRAPHY
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PANJAWYI AND ZHAREY FROM THE
GROUND
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Operational ContextOperational Context
OffenseOffense
DefenseDefenseStabilityStabilityStabilityStability
DefenseDefense
StabilityStabilityStabilityStabilityOffenseOffense
DefenseDefense
StabilityStabilityStabilityStabilityOffenseOffense
StabilityStabilityStabilityStability
OffenseOffense
DefenseDefense
FULL SPECTRUM OPERATIONS
OPERATIONAL THEMES
200
8
200
8
U C SS
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The KandaharThe Kandahar
BattlespaceBattlespaceIdeologically
motivated Taliban
Sociologically
motivatedmujahideen
Tribal Militias
POPULATION
ISAF
ANP, ABP,AHP
ANA
Narco-
militia
GIRoA
PopulationPopulation
BG operated in permissive, semi-permissive, non-permissive urban and rural terrain!From TFH Briefing Apr 08
UNCLASSIFIED
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The 2 PPCLI Battle GroupThe 2 PPCLI Battle Group
UNCLASSIFIED
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Battle GroupBattle Group
OrganizationOrganization
E(+)(-)
JDCC OMLTPOMLT
ATTACHMENTS The BG Team
848 Regular Force Soldiers
174 Reserve Force Soldiers
UNCLASSIFIED
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The Battle Group role is to SHAPE thebattlespace through lethal and non-lethalaction in order to set the security
conditions thatENABLE
successful ANSFaction, development and governanceinitiatives within the AO
The BG buys time to allow Afghans to
take control
Battle Group RoleBattle Group Role
So What? Protect the Population, Enable other Organizations
UNCLASSIFIED
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Fight in a manner that will allow the warto be won
BG role extends far beyond neutralizinginsurgents Influence Afghans
Convince neutrals to support GIROA
Protect/Isolate from the insurgency and itseffects
Retain support of those who already support GIROA Protect from the insurgency and its effects
Mentor and facilitate the mentorship of allelements of the GIROA
Convince insurgents supporters to support GIROA
Hunt and Kill those who need to be killed
Battle Group Role LaymansBattle Group Role Laymans
TermsTerms
NO
BETTER FRIEND
NO
WORST ENEMY
UNCLASSIFIED
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We must focus on the word succeedinstead ofwin in this campaign
Success is tied to the will of the Afghanpeople
Battle Group Role Battle Group Role SucceedingSucceeding
versus Winningversus Winning
Succeed to make good, thrive prosper,or progress in order to accomplish afavourable aim or outcome
Win to acquire, be victorious ortriumph as a result of a fight
UNCLASSIFIED
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Effects Created byEffects Created by
the BGthe BG
Weeks
Months/Years
Years
SECURITYAND
STABIL
ITY
(ME)
FACILITATE
DEVELOPMENT
Battle Group
Provincial
Reconstruction Team
Operational Mentoring
and Liaison Team
BUILD
ANSF
CAPACITY
UNCLASSIFIED
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The Carrot and StickThe Carrot and Stick
ApproachApproach
Government
Supporters
Government
Sympathizers
Neutral
Population
Insurgent
Sympathizers
Insurgent
Supporters
Insurgent
Fighters
Consolidate andStrengthen Protect Persuade Dissuade Deter Marginalize andDefeat
FRIENDLY HOSTILE
Exploit fault lines and break Alliances
Part of the Solution Part of the Problem
UNCLASSIFIED
http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://i.pbase.com/u9/dannysmythe/large/4319077.Carrot.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/dannysmythe/image/4319077&h=800&w=393&sz=128&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=jWAZJKrcnM-jVM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=70&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcarrot%26ghttp://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://i.pbase.com/u9/dannysmythe/large/4319077.Carrot.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/dannysmythe/image/4319077&h=800&w=393&sz=128&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=jWAZJKrcnM-jVM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=70&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcarrot%26ghttp://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://i.pbase.com/u9/dannysmythe/large/4319077.Carrot.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/dannysmythe/image/4319077&h=800&w=393&sz=128&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=jWAZJKrcnM-jVM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=70&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcarrot%26ghttp://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://i.pbase.com/u9/dannysmythe/large/4319077.Carrot.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/dannysmythe/image/4319077&h=800&w=393&sz=128&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=jWAZJKrcnM-jVM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=70&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcarrot%26g8/2/2019 Final UAV Briefing-COIN Center-16 Oct 09
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COIN as an ArgumentCOIN as an Argument
TALK FIGHT TALK
A Fight Talk PropositionA Fight Talk Proposition
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How the BG OperatedHow the BG Operated
ACCENTUATE POSITIVESACCENTUATE POSITIVES
MITIGATE NEGATIVESMITIGATE NEGATIVES
INFOR
MATION
OPERATIO
NS
INFOR
MATION
OPERATIO
N S
PRIMARY ACTIVITIES PHYSICAL OUTPUT EFFECTS OUTPUT(messages to TA)
FRAMEWORK
OPS
TARGETING
DELIBERATE OPS
Responsive, visible, combined force
Precision collection Understand theEnvironment Find the enemy
Combined Deliberate Ops Fix and Finish
We are here to protectyou (the population)
with ANSF on behalf ofthe GIROA.
We see what goes onin the battlespace andwill kill those who fightagainst the GIROA.
We (the ANSF and ISAF)are stronger than theinsurgency and willultimately prevail.
UNCLASSIFIED
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The Kandahar Battlespace A ViciousThe Kandahar Battlespace A Vicious
CycleCycle
CF focus resourcesand establish presence
in certain area.
CF presence attracts
insurgents who carry
out attacks against
CF.
Population avoids contact with
CF but remain susceptible to
insurgent influence.
Population moves fromarea to avoid the coercion
from the insurgents and
conflict between CF and
insurgents. CF increase
force protection increase
distance from population.
1
2
3
4
How do we break the cycle?
UNCLASSIFIED
i ff h bili
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Focusing Effort The StabilityFocusing Effort The Stability
Box ConceptBox Concept
KEY
DISRUPT
HOLD
BUILD
BUILD AREA
Selected where there is support
for CF and this support will have
disproportionate influence in
surrounding area. PRT main
effort. Permanently presence.
Must protect population 24/7. No
kinetic ops in here without PRTauthorization.
1
HOLD AREAOMLT main effort. Mission is to protect
Stab Box from direct insurgent influence.
No development occurs in this area.
Focused IO efforts on elders and leaders
to gain consent. Criteria for development
needs to be established to be eligible for
PRT benefits. Once criteria met, BUILD
AREA expands into this area.
2
DISRUPTION AREARemainder of AOR. Focus of BG and SOF
activity. Aim to disrupt insurgents and
degrade their ability to influence in other
areas of the Stab Box.
3
UNCLASSIFIED
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The key tosuccess
UNCLASSIFIED
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UAVs in COINUAVs in COIN
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One Mans VisionOne Mans Vision
We have just won a warwith a lot of heroes flyingaround in planes. The nextwar may be fought byairplanes with no men inthem at all. It certainly willbe fought with planes so farsuperior to those we havenow that there will be nobasis for comparison. Takeeverything youve learnedabout aviation in war, throw
it out of the window, andlets go to work ontomorrows aviation. It willbe different from anythingthe world has ever seen.
Gen Hap Arnold, USAAF
VJ Day, 1945
UNCLASSIFIED
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Air powercontains theseeds of our own
destruction if wedo not use itresponsibly, wecan lose this
fight.General Stan McChrystal
COMISAF
16 June 2009
Airpower in COINAirpower in COIN
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Another Mans VisionAnother Mans Vision
We pray to Allah we
have Americansoldiers to kill but
added these bombsfrom the sky wecannot fight
Taliban Fighter
UNCLASSIFIED
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Spectrum of UAV EmploymentSpectrum of UAV Employment
IPBTarget acquisition Reconnaissance
CAS FMV Support Air Strike
Coordination
Direct fire support Dynamic targeting
(hunter-killer)
ISRISR StrikeStrike
UNCLASSIFIED
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everythingeverything
lookslooks
like a naillike a nail
If all youIf all youhave is ahave is a
hammer,hammer,
UNCLASSIFIED
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The TeamThe Team
UNCLASSIFIED
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Keys to SuccessfulKeys to Successful
IntegrationIntegration
Developing and Maintaining keyrelationships Intelligence cells communicating Pilots speaking to pilots Debriefing is the norm
Understanding the capabilities of theUAV
Controlling the asset at the appropriateheadquarters
Controlled at the HQ that can shorten the kill chainthe most
Common operating picture Unity of command
Ensuring JTACs and an S2 representative
were on duty in the BG TOC
UNCLASSIFIED
Th P D id
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The Power to Decide The Power to Decide
The Certainty to ActThe Certainty to Act
TACP ISR O S2 Ops
Battle CaptS3
Recommendation to Commander Strike/No Strike
UNCLASSIFIED
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Keys to SuccessfulKeys to Successful
IntegrationIntegration
Synchronizing ground and airmanoeuvre Battlefield organization tactical deep fight Ground manoeuvre creates a reaction from the
insurgents
Armed UAVs unnerve the enemy and force them tomake mistakes
Establishing procedural controls thatshortened engagement times
Establishing common sight picture onthe application of ROE Accepting the Positive Identification
(PID) of the enemy reflects the enemys
adaptive nature and evolves
UNCLASSIFIED
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Keys to SuccessfulKeys to Successful
IntegrationIntegration Employing an effective targetingmethodology
Determines the most important things we doeveryday
Counterinsurgency TriageThose who cannot be influenced
Those who support us
Those who can be influenced
Answers the question: Where can we havethe greatest impact?
What are intended effects?
How do we achieve those
effects?
UNCLASSIFIED
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Keys to SuccessfulKeys to Successful
IntegrationIntegration
Employing an effective targetingmethodology Focus on MVTs (people) as the centre of mass Method complete a series of targeting cycles
F3EAD
Find cross-cueing of all sensors Fix the unblinking eye Finish strike Exploit face to face cross-talk Analyze face to face cross-talk shared
analysis Disseminate info sharing and process
refinement
UNCLASSIFIED
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Targeting FrameworkTargeting Framework
Find
Exploit
Finish
Analyze
Fix
Disseminate
(Example)(Example)
TargetingTargeting
CycleCycle
AAR facilitates adaptationIntelligence Pursuit
Lethal/Non-
lethal
Physical/Moral Fix
TargetingCycle
initiated by
FIND
UNCLASSIFIED
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The TeamThe Team
UNCLASSIFIED
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A long roadA long road
UNCLASSIFIED
D i h Ri h Thi A idD i th Ri ht Thi A id t
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Doing the Right ThingAmidstDoing the Right ThingAmidst
ChaosChaos
UNCLASSIFIED
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QuestionsQuestions
UNCLASSIFIED
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Colonel Trey [email protected]
Major Jay [email protected]
Contact InformationContact Information
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]