Forensics LabForensics Lab
Brennan Coffey
Logan Ernst
Zach Salinas
Fergus Sharp
Victim BackgroundVictim Background
Dr. Donley Dr. Donley MicrobiologistMicrobiologist Current research Current research
concerned the Leprosy concerned the Leprosy bacteria and the Human bacteria and the Human Immunodeficiency VirusImmunodeficiency Virus
Recently awarded the Recently awarded the “Scientist of the Year” “Scientist of the Year” award for her researchaward for her research
Throws a party to celebrate Throws a party to celebrate her awards with her her awards with her colleagues at Monarch colleagues at Monarch University on March 11, University on March 11, 2011 at 7 p.m.2011 at 7 p.m.
Dr. Donley
Incident OverviewIncident Overview
Dr. Donley found injured Dr. Donley found injured in her lab at 2:00 a.m.in her lab at 2:00 a.m.
Victim of attacksVictim of attacks Suffered minor injuries, Suffered minor injuries,
including a concussion and including a concussion and lacerations to the hand and lacerations to the hand and back of the headback of the head
Two vials containing Two vials containing pathogens from Dr. pathogens from Dr. Donley’s research were Donley’s research were missing from the level IV missing from the level IV containment roomcontainment room
Incident Overview – Part IIIncident Overview – Part II
Further examination of the Further examination of the victim revealed she had been victim revealed she had been bludgeoned to the back of the bludgeoned to the back of the headhead
Dr. Donley unable to remember Dr. Donley unable to remember her attackerher attacker
Her glass also had traces of Her glass also had traces of cyanide on it, indicating that cyanide on it, indicating that someone had attempted to someone had attempted to poison herpoison herAfter collecting more After collecting more information, it was determined information, it was determined that Dr. Donley had ended the that Dr. Donley had ended the party at 12:00 a.m. after party at 12:00 a.m. after discovering the cyanide on her discovering the cyanide on her glassglass
Scent of almonds indicative of Scent of almonds indicative of cyanidecyanide
Crime Scene AnalysisCrime Scene Analysis
19 suspects19 suspects All attended partyAll attended party 3 of interest were interviewed3 of interest were interviewed
Dr. Sloopy StretchDr. Sloopy StretchDanica MarketDanica MarketDr. Kelvin HighDr. Kelvin High
Blood under Dr. Donley’s Blood under Dr. Donley’s fingernails and on her handfingernails and on her handLip prints on two glasses Lip prints on two glasses matching Dr. Donley and matching Dr. Donley and another unknown individualanother unknown individualFingerprints of Dr. Donley and Fingerprints of Dr. Donley and another unknown individual on another unknown individual on a glassa glassPet hair found on Dr. Donley’s Pet hair found on Dr. Donley’s Lab coat sleeveLab coat sleeve
Hair Analysis - MethodHair Analysis - Method
Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis Length and shape help Length and shape help
determine the area of the determine the area of the body the hair came frombody the hair came from
Root – stage of growth of Root – stage of growth of the hair, and indicates the hair, and indicates whether hair fell or was whether hair fell or was pulled outpulled out
Shaft – contains unique Shaft – contains unique characteristics to characteristics to individuals and individuals and populations, and indicates populations, and indicates age and condition of hairage and condition of hair
Tip – indicates any recent Tip – indicates any recent exposure (haircuts, exposure (haircuts, chemicals, burning)chemicals, burning)
DNA AnalysisDNA Analysis Run hair follicle through Run hair follicle through
enzyme cocktails to enzyme cocktails to remove cellular coatings remove cellular coatings and organellesand organelles
Centrifuge the sample to Centrifuge the sample to separate out DNAseparate out DNA
Use PCR method to create Use PCR method to create copies of the segment of copies of the segment of interest in the DNAinterest in the DNA
Target marker sites to Target marker sites to separate out and create separate out and create copies of specific sections copies of specific sections of the DNA sequenceof the DNA sequence
Compare the DNA sample Compare the DNA sample to suspect databaseto suspect database
Hair Analysis - ResultsHair Analysis - Results
Two samples found at the Two samples found at the scenescene
One determined to be One determined to be animal hair, based on animal hair, based on structure analysisstructure analysis
The other determined to be The other determined to be hair from a human malehair from a human male
DNA analysis revealed the DNA analysis revealed the human male hair belonged human male hair belonged to Dr. Kelvin Highto Dr. Kelvin High
The animal hair most likely The animal hair most likely belonged to a dog. Dr. belonged to a dog. Dr. Kelvin High has a BeagleKelvin High has a Beagle
Lip Print AnalysisLip Print Analysis
Lip print analysis at this scene Lip print analysis at this scene is done primarily by visual is done primarily by visual comparisoncomparison
Lip print samples were Lip print samples were providedprovided
It was determined that sample It was determined that sample A appeared on the napkin at A appeared on the napkin at the scenethe sceneSample C appeared on the Sample C appeared on the standing glassstanding glassSample D appeared on both Sample D appeared on both the standing and the knocked the standing and the knocked over glassover glassLip print comparison can be Lip print comparison can be used like fingerprint analysis, used like fingerprint analysis, but it is rarely used in forensic but it is rarely used in forensic science – infrequent samplesscience – infrequent samples
Blood Analysis - MethodBlood Analysis - Method
ConfirmationConfirmation Potential crime scene Potential crime scene
blood is sprayed with blood is sprayed with luminal sprayluminal spray
If the sample glows under a If the sample glows under a blacklight, it is a blood blacklight, it is a blood samplesample
Human ConfirmationHuman Confirmation Sample is placed on a gel-Sample is placed on a gel-
coated test platecoated test plate Testing solution and blood Testing solution and blood
sample will defuse towards sample will defuse towards each othereach other
Noticeable band will form in Noticeable band will form in the middle and will contain the middle and will contain human antigens if positivehuman antigens if positive
Blood Type AnalysisBlood Type Analysis Human blood analyzed Human blood analyzed
according to the ABO according to the ABO system of antigenssystem of antigens
A, B, and O are antibodies A, B, and O are antibodies attached to the surfaces of attached to the surfaces of red blood cellsred blood cells
Blood samples are mixed Blood samples are mixed with known samples of A with known samples of A and Band B
If the sample clumps with A If the sample clumps with A blood, it is also A-type. The blood, it is also A-type. The same is true with B to Bsame is true with B to B
Blood Analysis – Method Cont.Blood Analysis – Method Cont. If clumping to both occurs, If clumping to both occurs,
the sample is ABthe sample is AB If no clumping occurs, the If no clumping occurs, the
sample is type O – no sample is type O – no antibodiesantibodies
RH Factor AnalysisRH Factor Analysis RH factor is a proteinRH factor is a protein Indicated in blood types by Indicated in blood types by
+ or –+ or – The same clumping The same clumping
matching tests are used for matching tests are used for this proteinthis protein
If clumping occurs, the If clumping occurs, the blood sample is + for the blood sample is + for the RH factor. If not, the RH factor. If not, the sample is –sample is –
Therefore, each blood type Therefore, each blood type has a + and – versionhas a + and – version
Blood Analysis - ResultsBlood Analysis - Results
Blood found under Dr. Blood found under Dr. Donley’s fingernails Donley’s fingernails and on the knife were and on the knife were both of the B- typeboth of the B- type This matches Dr. This matches Dr.
Kelvin HighKelvin High
Fingerprint Analysis – MethodFingerprint Analysis – Method
DactylographyDactylography Used to determine the Used to determine the
percent similarity of a crime percent similarity of a crime scene fingerprint to a scene fingerprint to a known fingerprint in a known fingerprint in a databasedatabase
The comparison uses The comparison uses analysis of features: analysis of features: whorls, arches, and loopswhorls, arches, and loops
Fingerprints are all Fingerprints are all individual, no two are alikeindividual, no two are alike
FingerprintsFingerprints These are residue marks These are residue marks
from human skin oils left in from human skin oils left in the imprint of the the imprint of the individual’s fingerindividual’s finger
They are picked up with They are picked up with various compounds that various compounds that are powdered and/or are powdered and/or magnetizedmagnetized
The type of compound The type of compound depends on the surface of depends on the surface of which the print will be lifted which the print will be lifted fromfrom
Fingerprint Analysis - MethodFingerprint Analysis - Method
Database AnalysisDatabase Analysis Divided between value Divided between value
and no-value patternsand no-value patterns Value patterns are the Value patterns are the
various whorlsvarious whorls No-value patterns No-value patterns
include the loop and include the loop and arch based patternsarch based patterns
Prints given numbers Prints given numbers based on finger they based on finger they come from and pattern come from and pattern typestypes
Each fingerprint has a Each fingerprint has a code associated with itcode associated with it
Allows for database to Allows for database to sort to find similar printssort to find similar prints
Computer system Computer system analyzes the distances analyzes the distances between ridges, their between ridges, their starting positions, and starting positions, and their patternstheir patterns
Other features, such Other features, such as dots and enclosed as dots and enclosed areas, are also used in areas, are also used in comparisonscomparisons
Fingerprint Analysis - ResultsFingerprint Analysis - Results
After visually After visually comparing patterns of comparing patterns of various crime scene various crime scene prints, it was prints, it was determined that Dr. determined that Dr. Kelvin High was Kelvin High was present and had present and had played a roleplayed a roleFingerprints of Dr. Fingerprints of Dr. Sloopy Stretch also Sloopy Stretch also foundfound
Stolen Pathogens - LeprosyStolen Pathogens - Leprosy
Mycobacterium Laprae - Hansen’s Coccus SpirillyMycobacterium Laprae - Hansen’s Coccus Spirilly Bacteria often found in warm, tropical countriesBacteria often found in warm, tropical countries Aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a waxy coating Aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a waxy coating
characteristic of mycobacteriumcharacteristic of mycobacterium The first bacterium found to cause disease in humansThe first bacterium found to cause disease in humans has a complex and unique cell wall that makes it difficult to killhas a complex and unique cell wall that makes it difficult to kill
This also makes it replicate slowly – slowest of all known bacteriaThis also makes it replicate slowly – slowest of all known bacteria The bacterium has never been successfully grown in artificial The bacterium has never been successfully grown in artificial
culture platesculture platesDue to the fact that it lacks many necessary genes for independent Due to the fact that it lacks many necessary genes for independent survivalsurvival
Has, however, been grown on mouse foot pads in laboratoriesHas, however, been grown on mouse foot pads in laboratories
Stolen Pathogens – LeprosyStolen Pathogens – Leprosy
SymptomsSymptoms Main symptom or sign of Main symptom or sign of
leprosy is skin lesionsleprosy is skin lesions Causes numbness of the Causes numbness of the
limbs, dry scalp, vision limbs, dry scalp, vision problems and muscle problems and muscle weaknessweakness
Left untreated, leprosy can Left untreated, leprosy can cause permanent damage cause permanent damage to the skin, nerves, and to the skin, nerves, and eyeseyes
TreatmentTreatment A cocktail of multiple drugs A cocktail of multiple drugs
often including rifampicin, often including rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone clofazimine, and dapsone is usedis used
Drugs quickly kill the Drugs quickly kill the disease causing bacterium, disease causing bacterium, but do not immediately stop but do not immediately stop the symptomsthe symptoms
This indicates that many This indicates that many symptoms of leprosy are symptoms of leprosy are caused by damage to cells, caused by damage to cells, and not simply the and not simply the presence of bacteriapresence of bacteria
Stolen Pathogens - HIVStolen Pathogens - HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus - BackgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus - Background A human condition that can eventually lead to A human condition that can eventually lead to
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) It allows for life threatening infections to occur due to It allows for life threatening infections to occur due to
a deficient immune systema deficient immune system HIV infection occurs with the transfer of semen, HIV infection occurs with the transfer of semen,
vaginal fluid, breast milk, and or blood vaginal fluid, breast milk, and or blood AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since its AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since its
discovery and is considered to be a pandemic by discovery and is considered to be a pandemic by WHOWHO
Primarily infects vital cells in the immune system such Primarily infects vital cells in the immune system such as helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cellsas helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.
Virus SpecificsVirus Specifics HIV belongs to the genus LentrivirusHIV belongs to the genus Lentrivirus Lentriviruses are often responsible for long-duration illnesses Lentriviruses are often responsible for long-duration illnesses
with long incubation periodswith long incubation periods Transmitted as single stranded, enveloped RNA virusesTransmitted as single stranded, enveloped RNA viruses Upon entry to a target cell, the virus’ genomic RNA is transcribed Upon entry to a target cell, the virus’ genomic RNA is transcribed
as double stranded DNAas double stranded DNA Viral DNA is then introduced to the cell nucleus, and integrated Viral DNA is then introduced to the cell nucleus, and integrated
into the cellular DNAinto the cellular DNA The virus becomes latent once integrated to the cellular DNA, The virus becomes latent once integrated to the cellular DNA,
allowing it to remain undetected by the immune systemallowing it to remain undetected by the immune system Once the viral DNA is part of the cellular DNA, the cell will Once the viral DNA is part of the cellular DNA, the cell will
produce viral proteins produce viral proteins
Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.
Virus Specifics Cont.Virus Specifics Cont. HIV has three stages: acute infection, latency, and HIV has three stages: acute infection, latency, and
AIDSAIDS The acute phase lasts 2-4 weeksThe acute phase lasts 2-4 weeks
Victims will suffer symptoms similar to those of influenza or Victims will suffer symptoms similar to those of influenza or mononucleosismononucleosis
Latency can last 2 weeks to 20 yearsLatency can last 2 weeks to 20 yearsThis stage is primarily in the lymph nodes, which can This stage is primarily in the lymph nodes, which can become chronically swollen become chronically swollen
Once AIDS is reached, many opportunistic infectious Once AIDS is reached, many opportunistic infectious diseases can attackdiseases can attack
AIDS is characterized as a T cell count lower than AIDS is characterized as a T cell count lower than 200 cells per microliter200 cells per microliter
No resistance to infections once AIDS is reachedNo resistance to infections once AIDS is reached
Suspect InterviewsSuspect Interviews
Danica MarketDanica MarketInformation obtained from Information obtained from interview:interview:
Was there for the entire Was there for the entire partyparty
Shoe size 7Shoe size 7 Pet FerretPet Ferret Admires Dr. Donley and Admires Dr. Donley and
her awardher award Was wearing pink lipstick, Was wearing pink lipstick,
along with many other along with many other patronspatrons
No to limited knowledge of No to limited knowledge of pathogenspathogens
Dr. Sloopy StretchDr. Sloopy Stretch Shoe size 11 (matches Shoe size 11 (matches
print at scene)print at scene) Admits to being at the party Admits to being at the party
and scene the entire time, and scene the entire time, but appears to have limited but appears to have limited involvement in the party involvement in the party itselfitself
Suspected by other Suspected by other suspects, including Dr. suspects, including Dr. Kelvin HighKelvin High
Suspect Interviews – Cont.Suspect Interviews – Cont.Dr. Kelvin HighDr. Kelvin High
Limited knowledge of Limited knowledge of pathogenspathogens
Specializes in PhysicsSpecializes in Physics Has a pet dog - beagleHas a pet dog - beagle Shoe size 7.5Shoe size 7.5 Claims he wasn’t invited to Claims he wasn’t invited to
the party (motive?)the party (motive?) Does not read newspapers Does not read newspapers
– therefore did not rip the – therefore did not rip the newspaper found at scenenewspaper found at scene
Signed the Insurance Signed the Insurance Policy on behalf of Dr. Policy on behalf of Dr. Donley for own benefitDonley for own benefit
Dr. Donley has insulted his Dr. Donley has insulted his alternative to string theoryalternative to string theory
Wants to prove Donley Wants to prove Donley wrong about his theory at wrong about his theory at any cost any cost
Case ConclusionCase Conclusion
After reviewing all case After reviewing all case information, the following information, the following has been concluded:has been concluded:
Dr. Sloopy Stretch was Dr. Sloopy Stretch was present on scene and stole present on scene and stole the pathogensthe pathogens
Has previous history of Has previous history of breaking into Dr. Donley’s breaking into Dr. Donley’s Lab – jealous of lab Lab – jealous of lab technologytechnologyShoeprint, size matching, Shoeprint, size matching, found next to Dr. Donley’s found next to Dr. Donley’s bodybodyAct of sabotage after Act of sabotage after Donley had been attackedDonley had been attacked
Case Conclusion – Cont.Case Conclusion – Cont.Dr. Kelvin High is the Dr. Kelvin High is the attackerattacker
Hair matched to the sceneHair matched to the scene Dog hair found on the Dog hair found on the
scene – has a beaglescene – has a beagle Matching blood type found Matching blood type found
under Donley’s nails and under Donley’s nails and on other objects in the labon other objects in the lab
Fingerprints found in labFingerprints found in lab Motives:Motives:
Receive benefits of the Receive benefits of the insurance policy he forgedinsurance policy he forgedAnger towards Dr. Donley Anger towards Dr. Donley for not recognizing his for not recognizing his theory and for not inviting theory and for not inviting him to the partyhim to the party
Resorted to physical attack Resorted to physical attack after cyanide efforts failedafter cyanide efforts failed
Tried to blame Dr. Stretch Tried to blame Dr. Stretch after seeing him on sceneafter seeing him on scene
The VerdictsThe Verdicts
Fortunately, the man of Fortunately, the man of the millennium did not the millennium did not visit Dr. Donley on the visit Dr. Donley on the night of the partynight of the partyDrs. Stretch and High Drs. Stretch and High were apprehendedwere apprehendedDr. Stretch’s trial dragged Dr. Stretch’s trial dragged out, but was eventually out, but was eventually ended with sentences for ended with sentences for theft and non-compliancetheft and non-complianceDr. High’s trial was a Dr. High’s trial was a short one, with the Dr. short one, with the Dr. being sentenced for being sentenced for assault and batteryassault and battery
Works CitedWorks Cited"Computer Forensics | Forensic "Computer Forensics | Forensic Science | Mysteries | Lesson Plan Science | Mysteries | Lesson Plan at Exploreforensics.com."at Exploreforensics.com."Lesson Lesson Plan | Forensic Science | Crime Plan | Forensic Science | Crime Scene | Unsolved Mysteries at Scene | Unsolved Mysteries at Exploreforensics.comExploreforensics.com. Web. 26 . Web. 26 Apr. 2011. Apr. 2011. <http://www.exploreforensics.com/<http://www.exploreforensics.com/>. >. "Forensic Science." "Forensic Science." Shambles in Shambles in S.E.Asia (The Education Project S.E.Asia (The Education Project Asia) at Www.shambles.netAsia) at Www.shambles.net. Web. . Web. 26 Apr. 2011. 26 Apr. 2011. <http://www.shambles.net/pages/l<http://www.shambles.net/pages/learning/sciencep/forensic/>. earning/sciencep/forensic/>.
"Forensic Science." "Forensic Science." The Science The Science SpotSpot. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. . Web. 26 Apr. 2011. <http://sciencespot.net/Pages/clas<http://sciencespot.net/Pages/classforsci.html>. sforsci.html>. Ms. Donley’s LecturesMs. Donley’s LecturesOfficer Christy’s Forensics Officer Christy’s Forensics presentationpresentationWikipedia – Various pagesWikipedia – Various pages