COMPUTER PRACTICE- I
LAB MANUAL
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 1
LIST OF EXERCISES
a) Word Processing
1. Document creation, Text manipulation with Scientific notations.
2. Table creation, Table formatting and Conversion.
3. Mail merge and Letter preparation.
4. Drawing - flow Chart
b) Spread Sheet
5. Chart - Line, XY, Bar and Pie.
6. Formula - formula editor.
7. Spread sheet - inclusion of object, Picture and graphics, protecting the
Document and sheet.
8. Sorting and Import / Export features.
Simple C Programming
9. Data types, Expression Evaluation, Condition Statements.
10. Arrays
11. Structures and Unions
12. Functions
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 2
MICROSOFT
WORD
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 3
MICROSOFT WORD
Word processor is used to produce documents for business or personal use
such as newsletter, reports, letters and essays. We might say that a word processor
is an intelligent typewriter. We can type a whole page, make corrections (editing),
use up paragraphs in different styles and shapes and columns (formatting) and also
check spelling, find and insert synonyms for a word (Thesaurus) and process it in
many more ways before we actually put that page to print.
FEATURES OF WORD PROCESSOR
The following are the main features of a word processor:
Fast
Editing features
Permanent storage
Formatting features
Graphics
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 4
Ex:No:1 DOCUMENT CREATION, TEXT MANIPULATIONDate : SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS
AIM:
To prepare an advertisement and to insert a formula using the various formatting option and symbols available in MS-word.
PROCEDURE:
a) Advertisement-1
Step 1: Open a new document using File-> new option and type text.
Step 2: Place the different sized boxes in the document from the drawing toolbar
Step 3: Type the text in the boxes.
Step 4: Fill the boxes with black color using fill color option from the drawing toolbar
Step 5: Place the appropriate logo from the insert->picture->from file option
Step 6: Choose the appropriate ward art gallery to place the text in boxes
Step 7: Choose the bullets for the text from the for matting toolbar.
Step 8: Use all these options to create an advertisement as specified in exercise.
b) Equations
Step 1: Enter the equation in the document.
Step 2: Select the character, which you want to show as a sub script
Step 3: For subscript, choose the font option from the format menu, then enable the superscript
Thick box from the font dialog box.
Step 4: For superscript, choose the font option from the format menu, then enable the superscript
Thick box from the font dialog box.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 5
c) Inserting symbols
Step 1: Type the text, then put the cursor where you want to add the symbol
Step 2: Choose symbols option from the insert menu.
Step 3: Shows the symbols dialog box. Then choose the appropriate font type.
Step 4: Then choose required symbol from the symbols dialog box, then click.
d) Creating Resume
Step 1: Open a new document using File-> new option, new document dialog box opened .
Step 2: In the Template tab, Click Resumes option
Step 3: Select the sample Resumes, and update the data accordingly
Step 4: Then save the resume using save as option in the save the document.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 6
OUTPUT:
DOCUMENT CREATION & INSERTING SYMBOLS
TEXT MANIPULATION WITH SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 7
RESUME
Name
Address Contact details with corresponding symbols
Objectives:
Educational Qualification:
Extra curricular activities:
Co-curricular activities:
Hobbies:
Personal profile:
Declaration:
Thanking you,
Yours truly,
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 8
RESULT:
Thus the advertisement has been created and the given formula has been included also resume has been prepared using Ms Word.
Ex:No:2 TABLE CREATION, TABLE FORMATTING ANDCONVERSION
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 9
Date :
AIM:
To create a table for the given data and utilize all the available options in the word processor.
PROCEDURE:
a) For table insertion
Step 1: Choose table -> Insert -> Table option.
Step 2: It shows the insert table dialog box.
Step 3: Then choose the required number of Columns and Row.
Step 4: Then click ok to add table in your document.
Step 5: The type the text in each column.
Step 6: Press TAB key to move the cursor from one cell to another.
b) For table formatting
Step 1: Select table menu bar, then choose insert table option
Step 2: It shows the insert table dialog box.
Step 3: Set of columns to 5, Number of Rows to 4 and column width in the insert table dialog
Box and click.
Step 4: Now the table is inserted in the document with 5 columns and 4 rows.
c) Auto formatting the table
Step 1: Select the table in the document.
Step 2: Choose table Auto Format option in the table menu
Step 3: Now it shows the table Auto Format dialog box.
Step 4: Choose the required Format from the Format list box. Then click ok.
Step 5: Now the specified Format is applied to the table.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 10
d) Converting the table to text
Step 1: Select a table in a document.
Step 2: Choose the convert table to text option from the table menu.
Step 3: Now it shows the convert table to text dialog box.
Step 4: Choose the separator of the text. Then click ok.
Step 5: Now the table in formation is converted into text in a document.
e) Convert the text to table
Step 1: Select the text in the document
Step 2: Select the convert text to table option from the table menu.
Step 3: Now the convert text to table dialog box.
Step 4: Choose the table size and separator text option then dialog box click on ok.
Step 5: Now the text information is converted into a table.
OUTPUT:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 11
TABLE CREATION
DAYS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8:15 –
9:05
9:05 –
9:55
10:05- 10:55
10:55 -11:45
11:45- 12:35
12:35 1:25
1:25 – 2:15
2:25 –3:15
3:15 - 4:05
MON
LUNCH
TUE
WED
THU
FRI
DAYS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8:15 –
9:05
9:05 –
9:55
10:05- 10:55
10:55 -11:45
11:45- 12:35
12:35 1:25
1:25 – 2:15
2:25 –3:15
3:15 - 4:05
MON
LUNCH
TUECP1 LAB : A
WED
THUCP1 LAB : B
FRI
TABLE FORMATTING
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 12
CONVERTING THE TABLE TO TEXT
CONVERTING TEXT TO TABLE
RESULT
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 13
Thus the table has been created for the given data and also converted from text to table & table to text using Ms word processor.
Ex:No:3 MAIL MERGE
Date :
AIM:
To illustrate the concept of mail merge in word processor.
PROCEDURE:
Creating the main Document
Step 1: Select file option in the menu bar and click. New to open a new document.
Step 2: From the tools menu select the mail merge
Step 3: It shows the mail main document area of mail merge helper dialog box, click on create
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 14
Button, it shows the available options.
Step 4: Select form letters from the pull down menu of create button
Step 5: Click active window button in Microsoft word dialog box.
Creating a Data Source
Step 1: In the mail merge helper dialog box, click get data button.
Step 2: Select create data source to get create data source dialog box.
Step 3: Select the appropriate fields from the field names in header row and drop down list box
Or add new fields by typing the field name box and click on add field name.
Step 4: Remove the unwanted field by clicking the remove field name.
Step 5: Click ok. Now the save as dialog box appears to save the data source.
Step 6: Type the appropriate name for the data source the click ok.
Step 7: It dialog box asking to and records to data base in the following dialog box.
Step 8: Click on edit data source to add records to the data source.
Step 9: In shows the data from dialog box, add records to the data source.
Step 10: Then the click ok, the mail merge tool bars is automatically displayed in the main
Document
Creating the merged document
Step 1: Click on the insert merge field on the mail merge tool bar.
Step 2: Selected the desired fields from the drop down menu of insert merge field.
Step 3: After inserting the merge fields, choose tools->mail merge.
Step 4: Mail merge helper dialog box shows, from this dialog box, Click merge the click on
Merge button, to create a new document. New the main document and data source is
Merged into new document.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 15
OUTPUT:
Using mail merge send the following letter to 5 of your friends.
From
Anto,B-62,13th cross street,Rose apartments,Ambattur,Chennai.
To
<<friend Name>>
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 16
<<Address>>
Dear <<friend name>>,
Sub: Invitation for party.
I hereby invite you and your family members for the 25th anniversary of my
parents that is to be held on 28-11-2008 at our home. Please do come and share
with us our joy. I will be disappointed in your absence.
Yours lovingly,
Anto
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 17
RESULT:
Thus the concept of mail merge has been illustrated successfully in the word processor.
Ex:No:4 DRAWING FLOWCHART
Date :
AIM:
To draw the given flowchart utilizing the various auto shapes in word processor.
PROCEDURE:
a) Drawing
Step 1: Choose the up ribbon option in the starts and banners of the auto shapes menu in the
Drawing tool bar.
Step 2: Draw the required size of up ribbon in the document.
Step 3: Click on the insert word action in the drawing tool.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 18
Step 4: Now the word art gallery dialog box is shown with different style.
Step 5: Choose the required style, and then click ok.
Step 6: Now the edit word art text box, dialog box.
Step 7: Type the text then click on ok.
Step 8: place the text in the up ribbon.
b) Flow Chart
Step 1: Choose flow chart option in the auto shapes menu of the drawing tool bar.
Step 2: Choose the appropriate flowchart symbol, and then drag the symbol in the document
Step 3: Type the text in the symbol by right click then choose add text.
Step 4: Using the flow button, line style button, Arrow style in the drawing tool bar draw the
lines Connecting to the different flow chart symbols.
Step 5: Select all the flow chart symbols and lines in the document using the select object button,
Then right choose grouping, then click on group.
Step 6: Now all the flow chart symbols are grouped into one.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 19
DRAWING A FLOW CHART
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 20
RESULT:
Thus the given flowchart has been created in the word processor.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 21
MICROSOFT
EXCEL
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 22
MS-EXCEL
An electronic spreadsheet or spreadsheet is a table of rows and
columns into which data is entered. Spreadsheet software makes it
possible to enter data into a task format, manipulate, store, print and
create reports and graphics using them.
Microsoft Excel is the most widely used and versatile spreadsheet
package and lets you to organize your data into lists and then
summarize, compare and present the data graphically. It has the user
interface features common to other Microsoft office applications.
MS-EXCEL allows you to
Enter and edit data in a worksheet
Use functions and formulae to calculate and analyze data
Create colorful charts and graphs
Save time by combining a series of commands into a single
command by using MACROS
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 23
Ex:No:5 CHART CREATION
Date :
AIM:
To created the student mark list and find to total, average and grade using the formula editor and to insert the appropriate chart in spread sheet.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Enter the student name, marks in three subject.
Step 2: Place the cursor in E2, type=sum (B2-D2)
Step 3: Place the cursor in f2, type=AVERAGE (B2-D2)
Step 4: Click on G2, type
If (OR (B2<35, C2<35, D2<35), “FAIL”,
IF (F2>=75, “DISTINCTION”, IF (F2>=60, “FIRST CLASS”, IF (F2>=50
“SECOND CLASS”, THIRD CLASS”))))
Step 5: Copy the formula to the remaining students.
Step 6: Finally the worksheet is follows.
LINE CHART
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 24
BAR CHART
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 25
PIE CHART
XY CHART
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 26
RESULT:
Thus the student mark list has been prepared along with the chart.
Ex:No:6 FORMULA EDITOR
Date :
AIM:
To calculate HRA, DA, TA, PF, GPF, LIC, Gross salary, Deductions, Net salary from the given data in a
worksheet.
ENO Name Basic HRA TA DA LIC PF GPF GS DED NET
1 RAJ 20000
2 RAVI 15000
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 27
3 MUTHU 10000
4 SANGEETHA 7820
5 RAMANI 4569
Where
HRA is 18% of basic
DA is 15% of basic
TA is 12% of basic
PF is 10% of basic
GPF is 5% of basic
LIC is 7% of basic
GS (Gross salary) =Basis+HRA+DA+TA
DED (Deduction) =PF+GPF+LIC
NET (Net salary) =GS-DED
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: To enter Microsoft Excel, Click “start” button then click “program” from
“programs” menu then click “Microsoft Excel”
Step 2: For opening a word document do the following. Click “file” menu from the
menu bar. From this file menu click “new” option. This will display the new
work sheet.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 28
Step 3: Enter the data by placing the mouse pointer in a cell and a double click on
it. Use the tab key to switch from one cell to another.
Step 4: For putting formulas, for eg,place the cursor on a cell which you have to
calculate the value of HRA, then type =cell position of basic*18% and
press enter. Now the value of HRA is calculated. Similarly do for all others.
Step 5: Calculate the same for other columns and drag them to all the cells.
Step 6: Now the entire table is ready in spreadsheet.
OUTPUT:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 29
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 30
RESULT:
Thus the formula editing using excel sheet to calculate HRA, DA, TA, PF,
GPF, LIC, Gross salary, Deductions, Net salary from the given data is completed.
Ex: No: 7 INCLUSION OF OBJECT, PICTURE & GRAPHICS
Date: AIM:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 31
i. To Insert object in the worksheet
ii. To Insert picture in the worksheet
iii. To Protect a sheet
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: To enter Microsoft Excel, Click “start” button then click “program” from
“programs” menu then click “Microsoft Excel”.
Step 2: For opening a word document do the following. Click “file” menu from the
menu bar. From this file menu click “new” option. This will display the new
work sheet.
Step 3: For inserting object in the worksheet, choose objects option in the insert
menu.
Step 4:For inserting picture in the worksheet, choose Picture option in the insert
menu.
Step 5: For protecting your worksheet, choose Protection option from Tools menu,
then choose Protect Sheet option, Protect sheet dialog box appears. Type a
password and press enter.
Step 6: Now your worksheet is protected and can be entered only with the
password.
INCLUSION OF OBJECT
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 32
INCLUSION OF PICTURE
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 33
RESULT:
Thus the given objects has been included in the spread sheet.
Ex: No:8 SORTING AND IMPORT/EXPORT FEATURES
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 34
Date:
AIM:
i. To sort the given data in the worksheet
ii. To include Import/export features
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: To enter Microsoft Excel, Click “start” button then click “program” from
“programs” menu then click “Microsoft Excel”.
Step 2: For opening a word document do the following. Click “file” menu from the
menu bar. From this file menu click “new” option. This will display the new
work sheet.
Step 3: Select the data to be sorted and select data from the menu and click sort.
Step 4:Specify the order in which the data are to be sorted (ascending or
descending) and click OK. Then the sorted data appears in the sheet.
Step 5: To import a file select Insert->object->create from file.
Step 6: To export a file while saving the file save it as webpage so that it can be
viewed by internet explorer.
OUTPUT:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 35
Sort the given data in ascending and descending order (consider the name).
NAME MARK1 MARK2 MARK3Anto 96 85 45
Ignatius 80 59 85Griffin 78 89 45Mary 90 85 89Herin 82 96 81Ram 73 52 99Devi 76 90 86
ASCENDING ORDER
DESCENDING ORDER
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 36
IMPORTING A FILE
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 37
EXPORTING A FILE
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 38
RESULT:
Thus the sorting and import and export features using Ms excel is completed.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 39
C PROGRAMMING
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 40
INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING:
C is a structured language.
A structured language allows variety of programs in small modules.
It is easy for debugging, testing and maintenance.
C is an imperative (procedural) systems implementation language.
It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straight forward compiler, to
provide low level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map
efficiently to machine instruction and to require minimal run–time support.
A program is a set of instructions for performing a particular task. This
written program is called as source program.
The source program to be converted to the machine language. Which is called
as object program. Either Interpreter or Compiler will perform this function.
An Interpreter reads only one line of a source program at a time and
converts it to object code. Error will be indicated instantly.
A Compiler reads the entire program and converts it to the object code. It
provides the error not one but errors of the entire program.
Ex:No:9 FINDING THE SIZE OF VARIBLES
Date :
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 41
AIM:
To write a c program to find the illustrate size of the variables.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the input values of num, dec, ext, ltr, str.
Step 3: Print size of num
Step 3.1: Print size of dec
Step 4: Print size of ext
Step 5: Print size of ltr
Step 6: Print size of str
Step 7: Stop
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initial num, dec, ext, ltr, str
READ the values of num, dec, ext, ltr, str
WRITE the size of num, dec, ext, ltr, str
Stop
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 42
PROGRAM:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 43
Start
Read num, dec, ext, ltr, str
Print size of dec
Print size of ext
Print size of ltr
Print size of str
Stop
Print size of num
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num=12345;
float dec=0.123456;
double ext=1234567890;
char ltr='A';
char str[]="this is computer pratice lab";
clrscr();
printf("size of the integer %d is %d bytes/n",num,sizeof(num));
printf("size of the float %f is %d bytes/n",dec,sizeof(dec));
printf("size of the double %lf is %d bytes/n",ext,sizeof(ext));
printf("size of the char %c is %d bytes/n",ltr,sizeof(ltr));
printf("size of the string %s is %d bytes/n",str,sizeof(str));
getch();
}
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 44
OUTPUT:
Size of the integer 12345 is 2 bytes
Size of the float 0.123456 is 4 bytes
Size of the double 1234567890.000000 is 8 bytes
Size of the char A is 1 bytes
Size of the string this is computer practice lab is 29 bytes
RESULT:
Thus the program to find “size of variable” has been written and executed successfully.
Ex:No:10 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
Date :
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 45
AIM:
To write a program in c to find centigrade and fahrenheit values
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read centigrade value to c
Step 3: Compute equivalent Fahrenheit value using formulae
F 1.8*c+32
Step 4: Print the value F
Step 5: Read Fahrenheit value to Fn
Step 6: Compute equivalent centigrade value using formulae
Cn= (Fn-32)/1.8
Step 7: Print the value of Cn
Step 8: Stop
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initial centigrade, Fahrenheit
READ the value of centigrade.
Calculate Fahrenheit = (1.8*centigrade) +32
WRITE the value of Fahrenheit
READ the value of Fahrenheit
Calculate centigrade = (fahrenheit-32)/1.8
WRITE Centigrade
Stop
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 46
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 47
Start
Read c
F1.8*c+32
Print F
Read Fn
Cn (Fn-32)/1.8
Print Cn
Stop
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float c,f,cn,fn;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the temperature in centigrade:");
scanf("%f",&c);
f=1.8*c+32;
printf("Fahrenheit equivalent is:%lf/n",f);
printf("Enter the temperature in fahreheit:");
scanf("%f",&fn);
cn=(fn-32)/1.8;
printf("Centigrade equivalent is:%lf/n",cn);
getch();
}
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 48
OUTPUT:
Enter the temperature in centigrade: 20
Fahrenheit equivalent is: 68.0
Enter the temperature in Fathrenheit: 68
Centigrade equivalent i
RESULT:
Thus the program for “temperature of conversion” has been written and execute successfully.
Ex:No:11 AREA OF TRIANGLE
Date :
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 49
AIM:
To write a program in C to find the area of a given triangle of sides a, b, c.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the input values of sides of a triangle a, b, c.
Step 3: Compute s = (a+b+c)/2
Step 4: Compute d = (s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Step 5: Compute the area of triangle area = sqrt (d)
Step 6: Print area
Step 7: Stop.
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initial a, b, c.
READ the value of a, b, c.
To calculate three sides of triangle using formula s = (a+b+c)/2.
To find area of a triangle using formula
Area = sqrt (s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)).
WRITE the output area.
Stop.
FLOWCHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 50 Start
Read a, b, cPrint area s (a+b+c)/2
d (s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))Area sqrt (d)
Stop
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 51
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
float s,d,area;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the 3 sides:");
scanf ("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
s=(a+b+c)/2;
d=(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
area=sqrt(d);
printf("Area of triangle=%f sq units/n",area);
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the three sides: 5 6 7
Area of triangle = 14.696939sq units.
RESULT:
Thus the program for the construction of “Area of triangle” has been written and executed successfully.
Ex:No:12 SUM OF SERIES
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 52
Date :
AIM:
To write a program in c to find sum of the series 1+(1+2)+(1+2+3)+……n.
ALOGRITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the value of n
Step 3: Initialize value for i=1, s=0
Step 4: Check whether the value of i is less than or equal to value of n.
Step 5: Repeat for i=1 to n.
Step 6: Initialize values for term=0, j=1
Step 7: Repeat for j=1 to i
Step 8: Compute the value term= term+j
Step 9: Increment j by 1
Step 10: End of step 7
Step 11: Compute S=S+term
Step 12: Increment I by 1
Step 13: Print the value of s
Step 14: Stop
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 53
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initial i, j, h
READ the value of n
Assign I=1, s=0
For (i1; i<=n; i++)
Assign j=1, term=0
Repeat for j=1 to i
Calculate term= term+j
Then compute S=s+term
WRITE the value of S
Stop
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 54Start
PROGRAM:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 55
Read a
Term 0
For i1;i<=n;i++
For j1;j<=I;j++
Term term +j
S S+term
Print S
Stop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int I, j, n, s, term;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter the value n:”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
s=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
term=0;
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
{
term=term+j;
}
s=s+term;
}
printf(“Sum of the series s=%d”,s);
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 56
Enter the value n: 4
Sum of the series S=20
RESULT:
Thus the program for the construction of the sum of series has been written and executed successfully
Ex:No: 13 ELECTRICITY BILL PREPARATION
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 57
Date :
AIM:
To write a program for electricity bill preparation using the various basic data types.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read srl no, recpt no, bill month, date.
Step 3: Read present and previous meter readings.
Step 4: Consumed=Present-Previous
Step 5: Check if consumed>=200
Step 5.1: Total=Consumed*2.50 else
Step 5.2: Total=Consumed*1.50
Step 6: Print srl no, recpt no, bill month, date.
Step 7: Print Consumed total
Step 8: Stop
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 58
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initial srl no, recpt no, bill month, date, present, previous.
READ Srl no, recpt no, bill month, date, present, previous.
Consumed=Present-Previous
if (consumed>=200)
Total=consumed*2.50
Else
Total=consumed*1.50
End if
WRITE
Srl no, recpt no, bill month, date, consumed, total.
Stop.
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 59
Start
Yes
No
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 60
Read srl no, recpt no, bill month, date, present, previous
Consumed= Present-Previous
If Consumed>=200
Total = Consumed*2.50
Total= Consumed *1.50
Print srl no, recpt no, bill month, date, consumed, total
Stop
void main()
{
int present,previous,consumed,srlno;
char name[20],rcptno[10],billmonth[15],date[12];
float total;
clrscr();
printf("/nEnter Serial No&Recipt No:");
scanf("%d%s",&srlno,rcptno);
printf("/nEnter Bill Month&Date:");
scanf("%s%s",billmonth,date);
printf("/nPresent&Previous readings:");
scanf("%d%d",&present,&previous);
consumed=present-previous;
if(consumed>=200)
total=consumed*2.50;
else
total=consumed*1.50;
printf("/n/t/t/tELECTRICITY BILL\n");
printf("/t/t/t...............\n");
printf("SCNO. :%d/t/t/t/tReceiptNo.:%s/n",srlno,rcptno);
printf("BILL MONTH:%s\t\t\tDate:%s\n",billmonth,date);
printf("/n Total cost for consumed %d unit is RS:%f",consumed,total);
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter Serial No&Receipt No:128 AC1237
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 61
Enter Bill Month&Date:10/2010
25-11-2010
Present&Previous readings:980 520
ELECTRICITY BILL
------------------------------
SC NO: 128 Receipt No: AC1237
Bill Month: 10/2010 Date: 25.11.2010
Total cost for consumed 460 unit is Rs: 1150.000000
RESULT:
Thus the program for electricity bill preparation has been written and executed successfully
Ex:No:14 MAXIMUM OF THREE NUMBERS
Date :
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 62
AIM:
To write a program to print maximum value of given 3 numbers.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the input values a, b, c.
Step 3: Call and print the function maximum ( ) with parameters a, b, c.
Step 4: Stop
Maximum (x, y, z)
X, y, z integer
Step 1: initialize max= x
Step 2: Check whether the value of y is greater than the value of max.
Step 3: If step- 2 is true, assign max= y
Step 4: Check whether the value of z is greater than the value of max.
Step 5: If step- 4 is true, assign max= z
Step 6: Return the value of max to main program.
PSEUDOCODE:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 63
Set initial a, b, c
READ the value for a, b, c
If (a> b and a> c) THEN
WRITE ‘A is big’
Else if (b>c) THEN
WRITE ‘B is big’
Else
WRITE ‘C is big’
Stop.
FLOWCHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 64
Start
Yes
No
Yes
No
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 65
Read a, b, c
Call and print maximum (a, b, c)
Max x
If y > max
Stop
Maximum (x, y, z)
If z > max
Max x z
Max x y
Return max
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf("Enter three integers:");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
printf("Maximum is:%d\n",max(a,b,c));
getch();
}
int max(int x,int y,int z)
{
int max=x;
if(y>max)
max=y;
if(z>max)
max=z;
return max;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter three integers: 269 312 456
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 66
Maximum is: 456
RESULT:
Thus the C program for finding the value of given three integer has been written and executed successfully.
Ex:No:15 FACTORIAL
Date :
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 67
AIM:
To write a program in C to find the Factorial of the given number
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read input value n
Step 3: Call and Print function fact (n)
Step 4: Stop
Step 1: Function fact start
Step 2: In n=0 returns 1 else go to step 3
Step 3: return (n*Fact (n-1))
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initial n
READ the value of n
If (n==0)
WRITE the value 1
Else
Calculate Fact (n) = (n*Fact(n-1))
WRITE the output Fact (n)
END IF
Stop
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 68
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 69
Start
Read (n)
Call and Print
Fact (n)
Stop
Fact (n)
If n=0
Return (n*Fact (n-1))
Return 1
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
long int fact();
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number whose factorial is to be found:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("the factorial of %d is:%d/n",n,fact(n));
getch();
}
long int fact(n)
int n;
{
if(n==0)
return(1);
else
return(n*fact(n-1));
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the number whose factorial is to be found: 6
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 70
The factorial of 6 is: 720
RESULT:
Thus the C program finding the “Factorial” has been written and executed successfully.
Ex:No:16 MATRIX ADDITION
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 71
Date :
AIM:
To write a program to print sum of the matrix
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read rows and columns of matrix A and B into n, m, p, q
Step 3: Check the values of n is equal to p and m is equal to q
Step 4: If step 3 is true. Do step 5 to step 20
Step 5: Repeat for i=0 to n
Step 6: Repeat for j=0 to m
Step 7: Read into a[i][j]
Step 8: End of step 6
Step 9: End of step 5
Step 10: Repeat for i=0 to p
Step 11: Repeat for j=0 to q
Step 12: Read into b[i][j]
Step 13: End of step 11
Step 14: End of step 10
Step 15: Repeat for i=0 to n
Step 16: Repeat for j=0 to m
Step 17: Add a[i][j], b[i][j], c[i][j]
Step 18: Print c[i][j]
Step 19: End of step 16
Step 20: End of step 15
Step 21: If step 3 is false, print “Addition is not possible”.
Step 22: Stop
PSEUDOCODE:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 72
Set initials n, m, p, q, a[i][j], b[i][j], c[i][j].
READ the values of n, m, p, q
If (n==p) && (m==q)) then
For (i0; i<n; i++)
For (j0; j<m; j++)
READ a[i][j] and b[i][j]
END FOR
Calculate (c[i][j]= a[i][j]+b[i][j])
For (i0; i<n; i++)
For (j0; j<m; j++)
READ a[i][j] and b[i][j]
END FOR
Calculate (c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j])
For (i0; i< n; i++)
For (j0; j<m; j++)
WRITE the output c[i][j]
END FOR
ELSE
WRITE ‘Addition is not possible’
END IF
Stop
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 73
PROGRAM:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 74
Start
Read n, m, p, q
If n=p&&m=q
For i0;i<n;i++
For j0;j<m;j++
Read a[i][j], b[i][j]
C[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j]
Print Addition not possible
For i0; i<n; i++
For j0; j<m; j++
Print c[i][j]
Stop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10];
int i,j,m,n,p,q;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the row and column of A matrix:");
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
printf("Enter the row and column of B matrix:");
scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);
if((n==p)&&(m==q))
{
printf("Matrices can be added\n");
printf("Enter the element of A matrix:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
for(j=0;j<m;++j)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("Enter the element of B matrix:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
for(j=0;j<m;++j)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
for(j=0;j<m;++j)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
printf("sum of A and B matrix:\n");
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 75
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{
for(j=0;j<m;++j)
printf("%5d",c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
else
printf("Matrices cannot be added\n");
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the row and column of A matrix: 3 3
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 76
Enter the row and column of B matrix: 3 3
Matrices can be added
Enter the element of A matrix:
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
Enter the element of B matrix:
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
Sum of A and B matrix:
4 4 4
4 4 4
4 4 4
Enter the row and column of A matrix: 2 2
Enter the row and column of B matrix: 3 3
Matrices cannot be added
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 77
RESULT:
Thus the C program for finding the sum of the two matrices has been written and executed successfully.
Ex:No:17 STUDENT MARKLIST USING STRUCTURE
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 78
Date :
AIM:
To write a C program print student using structure.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Define structure stud with member
Roll no; integer
Name [30]; character
Mark 1, mark 2, mark 3, total: integer
Avg: total/3
Grade: character
End stud
Step 3: read input n
Step 4: set a loop to get record details
Step 5: Read a[i], roll no, a[i].name
Step 6: a[i].mark 1, a[i].mark 2, a[i].mark 3
Step 7: a[i].total=a[i].mark 1+ a[i].mark 2+ a[i].mark 3
Step 8: a[i].avg=a[i].total/3
Step 9: End of step 4
Step 10: Check if a[i]. avg<40 then assign a[i].grade=D
Step 11: Check if a[i].avg<60 then assign a[i].grade=C
Step 12: Check if a[i].avg<80 then assign a[i].grade=B else
Step 13: a[i].grade=’A’
Step 14: Print a[i].roll no, a[i].name, a[i].mark 1, a[i].mark 2, a[i].mark 3, a[i].total,
a[i].avg, a[i].grade.
Step 15: Stop.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 79
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initials structure of students
READ the roll no, name, mark 1, mark 2, mark 3, using structure variables
To calculate total=mark 1+mark 2+mark 3
Calculate average=total/3
If(average<40)
WRITE ‘Grade is D’
ELSE IF(average<80)
WRITE ‘Grade is B’
ELSE
WRITE ‘Grade is A’
END IF
WRITE the roll no, name, mark 1, mark 2, mark 3
WRITE the output total, avg, grade
Stop
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 80
Start
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 81
Struct Stud roll no: integer, name [30]: character, mark 1, mark 2, mark 3, total: integer, Avg: float, grade: character
Read n
For i=0; i<n; i++
Read a[i].rollno, a[i].name, a[i].mark 1, a[i].mark 2, a[i]. mark3
A[i].total=a[i].mark 1+a[i].mark 2+a[i].mark 3
If a[i]avg<40<40
If a[i]avg<60
Ifa[i] avg<80
A
a[i] grade= ’D’
a[i] grade= ‘C’
a[i] grade= ‘B’
A
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 82
Print a[i].rollno, a[i].name, a[i].mark 1, a[i].mark 2, a[i]. mark3,a[i].total,a[i].avg,a[i].grade
A[i].grade=’A’
Stop
#include<conio.h>
struct stud
{
int rollno;
char name[30];
int m1,m2,m3,tot;
float avg;
char grade;
}
a[25];
void main()
{
int i,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number of students:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter the student %d details:",i+1);
printf("\nRollNo:");
scanf("%d",&a[i].rollno);
printf("Name:");
scanf("%s",a[i].name);
printf("mark 1:");
scanf("%d",&a[i].m1);
printf("mark 2:");
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 83
scanf("%d",&a[i].m2);
printf("mark 3:");
scanf("%d",&a[i].m3);
a[i].tot=a[i].m1+a[i].m2+a[i].m3;
a[i].avg=a[i].tot/3;
if(a[i].avg<40)
a[i].grade='D';
else if(a[i].avg<60)
a[i].grade='C';
else if(a[i].avg<80)
a[i].grade='B';
else
a[i].grade='A';
}
printf("\t\tSTUDENTS MARK DETAILS:\n");
printf("\nRollno\tName\tmark 1\tmark 2\tmark 3\ttot\tAvg\tgrade\t");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%.2f\t%c",a[i].rollno,a[i].name,a[i].m1,a[i].m2,a[i].m3,a[i].tot,a[i].avg,a[i].grade);
getch();
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 84
OUTPUT:
Enter the number of students: 2
Enter the student 1 details:
Roll No: 23
Name: ANU
Mark1: 89
Mark2:80
Mark3:76
Enter the student 2 details:
Roll No: 24
Name: BALU
Mark1: 69
Mark2:70
Mark3:71
STUDENT MARK DETAILS
Roll no Name Mark1 Mark2 Mark3 Total Average Grade
23 ANU 89 80 76 245 81.00 A
24 BALU 69 70 71 210 70.00 B
RESULT:
Thus the C program for the construction of mark details is written and executed successfully
Ex:No:18 PRINTING EMPLOYEE DETAILS USING UNION
Date :
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 85
AIM:
To write a C program to print employee details using unions
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Declare union of employee
Step 3: Read employee details using union variable
Step 4: Print employee details using union variable
Step 5: Stop
PSEUDOCODE:
Set initials union of employees in variables
READ the employee details using union variables
WRITE the employee details using union variables
Stop.
FLOW CHART:
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 86
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 87
Start
Declare Structure with variable
Read employee details using Structure
Print employee details using structure variable
Stop
#include<conio.h>
union
{
Char name[25];
int idno
float salary
}desc;
void main()
{
Strcpy(desc.name,”vinod”);
clrscr();
printf(“Employee details\n”);
printf(“The name is%s\n”,desc.name);
printf(“The idnois %s\n”,desc.idno);
printf(“The salary is %6.2f\n”,desc.salary);
desc.idno=10;
printf(“Employee details\n”);
printf(“The name is %s\n”,desc.name);
printf(“The idno is %d\n”,desc.idno);
printf(“The salary is %6.2f\n”,desc.salary);
desc.idno=6500.00;
printf(“Employee details\n”);
printf(“The name is %s\n”,desc.name);
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 88
printf(“The idno is %d\n”,desc.idno);
printf(“The salary is %6.2f\n”,desc.salary);getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Employee details
The name is vinod
The idno is 26998
The salary id 73784926787784641000000000000.00
RESULT:
Thus the program to print employee details has been using union has been constructed and executed successfully.
PERI Institute of Technology, Mannivakkam, Chennai-48 Page 89