Edition EMB Rev 3A
Gas Suspension Absorber Technologyfor
Multi-pollutant Control of Flue Gas Emissions
Which Dry Scrubbing
Technology to Choose?
• Dry Sorbent Injection
– Lowest capital cost, Increased reagent cost
– Performance Limits for SO2 Reduction
• Spray Dryer Absorber
– Lime Reagent (plus ash recycle)
– Spray Down Temperature Limit
– Sulfur content limits
• Recirculating Dry Scrubber
– Highest performance capability
– Reagent, water injected separately
Dry Sorbent Injection
• Powdered reagent pneumatically injected
upstream of particulate collector
• Reagent can be hydrated lime, trona, sodium
bicarbonate
• Lime reacts quickly with HCl, less so with SO2
absent moisture
• Sodium compounds are non-selective towards
acid gases, can complicate disposal options
Spray Dryer Absorbers
• Lime slurry is atomized into droplets, sprayed
into absorber
• Water in slurry evaporates, cools and
humidifies the gas
• Spray down temperature limits slurry input,
which can limit applicability
– Low inlet temperatures
– High sulfur contents
Recirculating Dry Scrubbers
• Powdered hydrated lime is used as reagent
• Water is used to cool and humidify
• Lime and water are injected separately
– Eliminates spray down temperature limit
– Can handle higher sulfur fuels
• High level of solids recirculation in reactor
– Higher removal efficiencies
– Higher reagent utilization
Recent Trends in Dry
Scrubbers
• DSI very popular for MATS & MACT
compliance
– HCl capture
• Recirculating Dry Scrubbers increasingly used
for larger units
– Both as FGD and as polishing scrubbers
• Spray Dryers maintain niche applicability
– Effective on PRB coal
• A recirculating bed dry scrubber technology capable of efficient acid gas control
– SO2, HCl, and H2SO4.
• Utilizes lime reagent either as dry hydrate or as lime slurry.
• Coupled with ESP or FF for control of PM and PM-10 emissions.
• Can incorporate ACI for control of Hg and dioxins/furans.
• Emissions of HCl, PM, Hg below MATS and MACT requirements.
Gas Suspension Absorber Technology
• Cyclone captures majority of bed material
• Recirculation box returns captured material to bed
• Excellent for retrofitting existing plants
• Experience with various combustor types
• Can utilize typical filter or ESP
– Not elevated or oversized
• Slim footprint
• Modularized Approach
– Pre-engineered sizes up to about 500,000 ACFM per reactor
• Can utilize either dry lime injection or lime slurry
– Low consumption rates.
Unique Features of the GSA
Gas Suspension AbsorberWith dry lime injection
1 Active carbon silo2 Reactor3 Cyclone4 Re circulation box5 Nozzle lance6 Pump7 Water tank8 Air compressor9 Blower
10 Ca(OH)2 silo11 Fabric filter12 Flue gas
13 Re-circulated sorbent
14 By-product to silo or disposal
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• Used extensively for power and incineration
applications for more than 20 years
• Numerous installations in North America, Europe
and Asia
• Five projects (nine industrial boilers) executed
since KC licensed the technology in 2005
Gas Suspension Absorber Experience
Gas Suspension Absorber Nine Dragons, China
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONES
REACTOR
Gas Suspension AbsorberPoint Comfort, TX
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONES
REACTOR
Gas Suspension Absorber Cheng Loong, Taiwan
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONE
REACTOR
GSA Under Construction
Petron Refinery, Philippines
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONES
REACTOR
• No internal moving parts
• Economical
• Low outlet emissions of HCl, SO2, PM, Hg
• Low reagent usage
• Ability to use existing collector (ESP, FF)
• Minimal plan area requirement
• Modular configuration
• Shorter erection period
Benefits of the GSA Dry Scrubber
Thank you!
Questions?
Mike Widico
908-304-2004
Kevin Cosman
908-923-0694