INTRODUCTIONS/INTRODUCTIONS/GROUND RULESGROUND RULES
• Introductions• Ground Rules• Ice Breaker Exercise
GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ANALYSIS OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
• To develop a basic understanding of gender analysis and its benefits
• To become familiar with gender analysis tools, approaches and data
GENDER ANALYSIS TOPICSGENDER ANALYSIS TOPICS
• What is gender analysis?• Benefits of gender analysis• Key questions• Gender analysis steps• Analysis tools• Data sources• Yemen case study
WHAT IS GENDER WHAT IS GENDER ANALYSIS?ANALYSIS?
• Methodology for collecting and processing information about gender
• Identify roles, needs, opportunities of women AND men
• Requires information -- quantitative and qualitative
WHAT IS GENDER WHAT IS GENDER ANALYSIS?ANALYSIS?
• Explores women’s and men’s different realities and expectations
• Considers effects of interventions
• Ensures benefits and resources are effectively and equitably targeted Image: Billy Alexander, rgbstock.com
GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ANALYSIS BENEFITSBENEFITS
• Leads to effective policies and programs and the efficient use of resources
• Equal access to resources and opportunities promotes economic development
EXAMPLE: IMMUNIZATION EXAMPLE: IMMUNIZATION PROJECT IN INDIAPROJECT IN INDIA
• Immunizations available every Tuesday
• No one came • What went wrong?
Photo: Julie McCarthy, NPR
GENDER NEUTRAL GENDER NEUTRAL POLICIES?POLICIES?
• May affect women and men differently because of differences between them
• May reinforce existing inequalities
WOMEN WOMEN ≠ ≠ HOMOGENOUSHOMOGENOUS• Gender roles and behaviors vary
across:–Cultures–Class–Ethnicity– Income–Education–Age
• Gender attributes change over time
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI
GENDER ANALYSIS: WHEN?GENDER ANALYSIS: WHEN?
• During all phases in program/policy cycle including: –Design– Implementation–Monitoring and evaluation
• Most effective when initiated during design phase
GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ANALYSIS QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
• Who does what within and outside of the household?
• Who owns/controls/accesses what? • What are the institutional,
economic and social factors?
Photo: Lindsey Spinks
GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ANALYSIS QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
• What capabilities, opportunities and powers do men and women have?
• Did you review sex-disaggregated data?
• Were women and men consulted? • Have the different needs, interests
and responsibilities been considered? • What groups are most likely to be
affected and how?
DEVELOPMENT STEPSDEVELOPMENT STEPS
Image: World Bank
Assess current situation/policies and needsCollect and analyze sex disaggregated dataEstablish a baseline
DEVELOPMENT STEPSDEVELOPMENT STEPS
Assess current situation (continued)Identify/address gapsHold consultations –Experts–Target groups
Photo: NDI
DEVELOPMENT STEPSDEVELOPMENT STEPS
Draft program/policy Expected impact on women and men Can negative impacts be overcome?
ImplementMonitor and evaluate
Identify benefits/negative impacts Solicit feedback and be responsive
EXERCISE: GENDER EXERCISE: GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLSANALYSIS TOOLS
• Gender Role Identification Use: Program design and planning Understand who does what
ACTIVITIES WOMEN MEN GIRLS BOYSProductiveReproductiveCommunity
EXAMPLE: GENDER ROLE EXAMPLE: GENDER ROLE IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION
ACTIVITIES WOMEN MEN GIRLS BOYSProductiveGardening Household gardens and
maizeWheat crops Household gardens
and maize
Livestock Care Year-roundIncome Generation
Sell extra household vegetables
Sell crops and livestock
Assist livestock/crop sales
ReproductiveWater-Related Collect water dailyFood Preparation
Lead food preparation Assist food preparation
Childcare Lead childcare Secondary caregiverMarket-Related
Shops in the market
Community Religious Activities
Sometimes attends Always attends Rarely attends Always attends
School Rarely finish primary Until secondary
GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLSGENDER ANALYSIS TOOLS• Time Use Analysis
How time is spent based on gender
roles Highlights women’s unpaid labor
Photo: Alamy
EXAMPLE: GENDER ANALYSIS EXAMPLE: GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLSTOOLS
Italy Hours (h) Minutes
(m)/dayTask Women MenPersonal care (sleeping, eating, grooming) 11h12m 11h16mEmployment 1h52m 4h15mStudies 14m 11mDomestic work (cooking, cleaning, childcare, shopping, pet care) 5h20m 1h35mLeisure 4h6m 5h5mTravel (to/from work, leisure activities, shopping, etc.) 1h14m 1h35mUnspecified 3m 3mTotal 24h 24h
GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLSGENDER ANALYSIS TOOLS• Access, Control and Decisions Use: Program design,
implementation Understand decision-making and resource controls
ACCESS CONTROLResources
Women
Men Girls Boys Women Men Girls Boys
Land Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Equipment
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Labor Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No NoCash Yes Yes No Sometim
esNo Yes No No
Education/ Training
No Yes No Sometimes
Yes Yes No No
GENDER ANALYSIS DATAGENDER ANALYSIS DATA
• Regional or country MDG reports• UNDP Human Development reports• State Department Human Rights
reports• World Bank reports• Donor and NGO reports
DATA ANALYSIS EXERCISEDATA ANALYSIS EXERCISE
• Review data for country
• Develop conclusions about status of women
• Identify key differences between men and women
EXAMPLE: EDUCATION EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY IN YEMENPOLICY IN YEMEN
• Enrollment rate for girls to that of boys
–Basic education: 74.8%
–Secondary education: 58.8%
–University: 37.5%
• Good legal framework
• Needs of girls not addressed
EXAMPLE: EDUCATION EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY POLICY
Key challenges:
1) Institutional and structural
challenges
2) Lack of access to schools
3) Poverty, social and cultural norms
EXAMPLE: EDUCATION EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY POLICY
Options for increasing women teachers•Quotas•Incentives, especially in rural areas•Financial incentives for schools•Revisit university degree requirement
Photo: Faisal Darem, Al-Shorfa
EXAMPLE: EDUCATION EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY POLICY
Quotas for women teachers
•Legislation does not provide for quotas
•Policy to replace departing teachers with women
•Would require close monitoring
GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ANALYSIS EXERCISEEXERCISE
Lack of access to schools•Many children walk over an hour•Real safety risks for girls•9% of girls left because of access issues
GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ANALYSIS EXERCISEEXERCISE
• Ensure schools are located to maximize girls’ attendance
• Expand residential schools
Photo: Luay Basil, World Food Program