Germany's current situation regarding hybrid and electric vehicles – update November 2015 IEA-IA HEV Task 1 Information exchange November 4th, 2015 Sandton, South Africa
Stephan Schmid Jens Brokate Florian Kleiner
www.DLR.de • Slide 1
Ø Introduction Ø Industry – trends in PEV models Ø On the road – new registrations of PHEVs go up Ø Policy and legislation – no definite news, but rumours Ø Charging infrastructure Ø Research and deployment –The Showcases Ø Summary
Contents
www.DLR.de • Slide 2
Introduction
DLR.de • Slide 3
Global warming and reduction of CO2 emissions
" EU CO2 emission target of 95 g/km in 2021 particularly challenging for German OEMs with high share of large, premium cars
à Electrification of powertrain important lever to avoid CO2 penalties
" Energy transition (‘Energiewende’) High share of renewable energies; Nuclear power phase-out; Embedding triad goals in European climate and energy context for 2030
à THG reduction targets of -40% in 2030 (EU), min. -80% in 2050 (GER)
à Renewables power consumption share to reach 30% in 2030 (EU), 80% in 2050 (GER)
à Decrease of total primary energy consumption with “binding and ambitious goals” (EU), by 50% until 2050 (GER)
Limited fossil resources
Increase of renewable energies
Growth of emerging markets
Global megatrends Motivating factors for HEVs and EVs in Germany
Pow
er g
ener
atio
n
Electricity generation in Germany
• Audi
• BMW
• Mercedes-Benz
• VW
DLR.de • Slide 4
Source: Audi, BMW, Daimler, Volkswagen
German vehicles new at the 66th IAA, Frankfurt
Q7 e-tron
225 xe 330 e X5 xDrive40e 740e
GLE 500 e 4MATIC GLC 350 e 4MATIC
Tiguan GTE
DLR.de • Slide 5
Source: Audi, BMW, Ford, Daimler, Opel, Porsche, Volkswagen
22 PEVs available today from German OEMs
DLR.de • Slide 6
PEV common in product portfolios
2014
2018
2015
2016
2017
Audi BMW Daimler Porsche Volkswagen
A3 e-tron
A4 e-tron R8 e-tron
A2 e-tron
Q3 e-tron
i8
330e 530e
X5 xDrive40e
i5
X1
B-Class ED S 500 PHEV
C 350 e GLE 500 e
GLC 350e
Panamera S E-Hybrid
Cayenne S E-Hybrid
Macan S E-Hybrid
Golf GTE XL1
Passat GTE
T7 Q6 e-tron
Q7 e-tron Smart Fortwo ED
2019
A6 e-tron 740e
C Coupé GTE
BEV PHEV
Tiguan GTE 225xe
i1
911 S E-Hybrid
717
E 350 e
Mini Countryman
A8 e-tron
Q5 e-tron
Ø Introduction Ø Industry Ø On the road Ø Policy and legislation Ø Charging infrastructure Ø Research and deployment Ø Summary
Contents
www.DLR.de • Slide 7
Germany‘s car market
DLR.de • Slide 8
New
licensed
passenger cars in German
y (unit/a)
Source: www.kba.de
New vehicles in 2014: 3.04 million (+2.9% compared to 2013)
of this Private: 36.2 % Diesel: 47.8 % Alternative powertrains: 1.7% Avg. CO2 emission: 132.8 g/km Short-term licensing: 110,959
The number of new BEVs increased by ~41% in 2014 compared to 2013:
8,522 new units
The number of new PHEVs increased by ~227% in 2014 compared to 2013:
4,527 new units
0 500
1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000
Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Jan Feb Mar
EVs
Plug-‐In Hybrid
Hybrid
Current sales of HEVs, PHEVs, and BEVs
DLR.de • Slide 9
Sales as percentage of total market
§ New registraJons in 10/2014-‐09/2015 § Hybrids: 21,698 (w/o PHEV) § PHEVs: 9,005 (29% of HEVs) § BEV 9,860 (52% of Plugins) § ConvenJonal
§ SI 1,592,084 § CI 1,518,381
§ Change in registraJon compared to the same Jme the year before:
§ Hybrids -‐15% (-‐2,545) § PHEVs +142% (+5,450) § BEV +14% (+1,633)
Sales per month, 10/2014 to 09/2015
Source: www.kba.de
• Western Europe Q1-Q3 2015 • Remarkable sales numbers of
Tesla Model S (BEV) compared to conventional ICE upper class cars
• BMW i sales • 3,361 units of i3 sold worldwide in Sep
2015 (+87%) • 20,576 i3 and i8 sold in 2015 (+95%) • Sales in US Q1-Q3 2015
• 7,983 i3 (+154%) • 1,342 i8 (compared to 67 in 2014)
• BMW DriveNow Free-Floating car sharing • 400 i3 in Copenhagen (since August 2015)
Other remarkable trends …
DLR.de • Slide 10
h[p://www.forbes.com, picture: www.eagleaid.com
Source: www.press.bmwgroup.com, BIMMERTODAY, BMW i press release
• Start: Nov. 2012
• 500 electric Smart in the greater Stuttgart area
• In total 1,300 electric Smart in Stuttgart, Amsterdam and San Diego
• In 3 years more than 1.5 million „rentals“ and 10 million km driven
• Customer characteristics • About 2/3 male, 1/3 female • 55% between 18 and 35 years old
Success of free-floating electric car-sharing in Stuttgart: now 50,000 customers
DLR.de • Slide 11
Source: www.car2go.com, Mercedes press release
Ø Introduction Ø Industry Ø On the road Ø Policy and legislation Ø Charging infrastructure Ø Research and deployment Ø Summary
Contents
www.DLR.de • Slide 12
Purpose • Increase EV attractiveness à 1 million EVs on the road in 2020 • Create legal framework for electric mobility What‘s new? • Definition of privileged vehicles (≤ 50 g/kmNEDC or >30/40 km AER) • Labeling via number plate • Parking Privileges §
• Use of bus lanes § • Access to restricted areas
Electric Mobility Law (EmoG) came into force 12th June 2015
DLR.de • Slide 13
§ EmoG sets the legal framework, the municipaliJes decide
• Support of accelerated depreciation of EVs in commercial use
• Demand to examine a ‚uniform environmental bonus‘ of 5,000 EURO on the purchase of a BEV for private persons, of PHEVs 2,500 EURO
• Demand to increase charging infrastructure substantially
• Emphasize further R&D programmes (up to 2.2 billion Euro)
• Support for committment of government for public procurement: 10% of vehicles will be BEV or PHEV.
• Ask to examine the legal framework to better support the use of electric 2-wheelers
Decision of the upper house of the German parliament to support electric vehicles (10th Juli 2015)
DLR.de • Slide 14
Source: Drucksache 167/15, translated in own words by author of this presentaJon
Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor (Jun 15th, 2015) at the National Conference Electric Mobility • … Germany will not get around to promote EVs further … an answer is
expected in 2015…
Sigmar Gabriel, Vice-Chancellor and Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy (Sep 24th, 20015) talking to Elon Musk from Tesla • „Was jetzt kommen muss, sind Incentives“
Barbara Hendricks, Federal Minister for Environment (Oct 14th, 2015) • „…for climate...air quality…EVs are important… … I consider besides tax
incentives, … a committed quota for EVs in combination with a governmental grant as reasonable“
What‘s in discussion about EVs? Quotes from government representatives
DLR.de • Slide 15
Sources: Press release, minstry of environment, 14.10.2015, www.bmub.bund.de/P4104/ h[p://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Content/DE/ArJkel/2015/06/2015-‐06-‐15-‐bkin-‐elektro-‐konferenz.html • h[p://www.faz.net/agenturmeldungen/adhoc/gabriel-‐will-‐kaufanreize-‐fuer-‐e-‐autos-‐tesla-‐chef-‐fuer-‐co2-‐strafen-‐13821385.html
translated in own words by the author of this presentaJon
Ø Introduction Ø Industry Ø On the road Ø Policy and legislation Ø Charging infrastructure Ø Research Ø Summary
Contents
www.DLR.de • Slide 16
• Legal ordinance for “charge posts” passed the German government on 28th Oct 2015
• At least “type 2” plugs are required for AC • CCS Combo are needed for DC charging • Registration enforced • Applicable to all public charge posts • Approval by Upper House needed
• Fast charging network for major highways - 2 projects runing SLAM + Tank&Rast
• Recent change in objectives of SLAM:’ - for up to 50 kW: up to 50% on-top funding - for 150 kW: up to 75% on-top funding
• Plans on hydrogen infrastructure • “H2 Mobility Deutschland” founded by Air Liquide,
Daimler, Linde, OMV, Shell, Total • Objectives. 400 H2-stations in 2023 • Envisaged investment: 400 mio Euro
News on infrastructure topics
www.DLR.de • Slide 17
© Fotolia.com/Dan Race
Ø Introduction Ø Industry Ø On the road Ø Policy and legislation Ø Charging infrastructure Ø Research and deployment – news from showcases Ø Summary
Contents
www.DLR.de • Slide 18
• Initiated by the Federal Government in 2012 (see IA-HEV May 2013)
• on recommendation by the the German National Platform for Electric Mobility (NPE) for the phase of “market preparation”
• Research and Development of alternative Drivetrains and proving/testing/verification auf Electric Mobility on the interface of the energy system, vehicles and transport system
• Total volume in terms of money: ~ 435 Mio. Euro • Funding by the Federal Government based on a decision by the Federal
Parliament: 180 Mio. Euro • Funding by the 6 Federal States involved: 75 Mio. Euro • Contribution by ~300 partners: 180 Mio. Euro
The Electromobility Showcase Programme
DLR.de • Slide 19
• Building competences in system and methods
by focusing activities in regions • Interaction of systems • Checkout the regulatory framework • Training and Education
• ‘Building a network’ • Intersectoral and transdiscipliary cooperations • 137 projects • 90 joint research projects with 334 sub-projects
• ‘Visibility and experience’ • Demonstrate • Critical mass • Involvement of the public
4 showcases for electric mobility The objectives
DLR.de • Slide 20
Graph: Harendt, 2015
The projects Project profiles available: online & english!
DLR.de • Slide 21
Graph: Harendt, 2015
Cross-sectional topics of the projects www.schaufenster-elektromobilitaet.org
• Electricity market law. Clarification needed: charging point operators should not be interpreted as electricity suppliers, they should be “end users” as they provide a commercial service; likely to be clarified in 2016.
• Car Tax Law. Exemption applies only to BEV, not to PHEV; Registration until Dec 31st 2015: 10 years exemption, until Dec 31st 2020: 5 years. Showcase experts recommend to extend the periods by 2 years.
• Tax law – Compensation for extra battery costs. Company cars are taxed at 1% of the list price for “benefit-in-kind”. 500 Euros can be substracted from this value for each kWh of battery capacity up to a max of 20 kWh. Showcase experts recommend to to raise the limit to 40 kWh.
• Law of Tenancy. Tenants are not entitled to install charging infrastructure without consent of the owner. Ammendment of law seems unrealistic.
• Law on Property. Installation of CI is considered a structural change of property. Needs a simple majority if group of owners.
• Building
Some recommendations on legal aspects from showcase
DLR.de • Slide 22
Source: Harendt (2015): Results of the German Electromobility Showcase. Presentation on Oct. 14th 2015 at the Wolrd of Energy Solution, conference and fair, Stuttgart,
• Increasing number of PEV-models of German OEMs
• Number of PHEVs on German roads show strongest growth
• Still no monetary incentives in Germany, but broad political support
• Positive trend in charging infrastructure, fast charging is adressed
• Results of showcase projects soon available - latest mid of 2016.
Summary
DLR.de • Slide 23
Dr. Stephan Schmid > October 17th, 2012, Slide 24
Institute of Vehicle Concepts
Institute of Vehicle Concepts
[email protected] +49 711 6862 533 +49 173 26 39 127