Sweden
9,4 million
inhabitants
450 000 km2
Pal Martensson from the City of Goteborg Sweden.
28 juli 2014
Goteborga fast growing sustainable city…
Sweden’s second city
Scandinavia’s largest port
Car and truck industry
525 000 inhabitants
243 000 households
80% flats
49 000 villas/houses
Waste and recycling services
At the household
• Combustible waste
• Biodegradable
waste (optional)
• Varying service for
bulky waste,
packaging, paper,
batteries,
hazardous and
electronic waste,
Ca:330
Recycling
Stations
• Packaging
•paper,
•plastic.
•metall,
•glas
•newspapers
•batteries
10 Hazardous
Waste
Collection
Points and
mobile unit
• Hazardous and
small
• electronic waste
•textile
5 Recycling
Centres
• Bulky waste,
garden waste,
electrical and
hazardous waste,
reusable items,
textile. etc
Household waste collection
Bins and compacting
garbage trucks
standard collection
system
Vacuum systems for
more than 70 000
inhabitants
Undergound
containers
Methane/electric
hybrid vehicles in the
truck fleet
(Volvo/Norba)
Food waste collection in Göteborg
The increase in food waste collection is made by:
More resources for customer contacts
A change from charging by volume to charging
by weight
A subsidized tarrif for food waste
A change in collection from one-family houses,
once a week to every second week
We – together - are aiming towards an
environmentally correct and sustainable waste
management, for the benefit of society.
☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼
This is a very important question to discuss from
many different point of view, this a crucial choice
we have to do.
Incineration, landfill, recycling, reusing, circular
economy mm.
Total recycling is a big vision - it
means not wasting anything.
Waste is proof that something is wrong in the
society, it´s a true evidence. You can try burn it
or bury it but still it´s an evidence of a society
that's not sustainable.
Waste means that there are product made that
are wrong, we need a redesign of these
products so they will fit in to a modern
sustainable world.
Waste - a resource
Treatment of household waste in Sweden, 2011 (%)
Landfill
Energy recovery
Biological treatment
Recycling (material)
WE HAVE TODO MUCH BETTER!
Waste treatment hierarchy
Reuse
Landfill
Energy utilisation
Recycling
Reduce
Alelyckan
TH
IS W
AY
PL
EA
SE
Careful and enviromentalconsumption
Unique results ???
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sweden 2010 EU 2010 USA 2010
Recycling (material)
Biological treatment
Energy recovery
Landfill
Progression from disposal to prevention to
recycling in EU 27
324 314 298 301 302 300 267
235 205
176 149
123 101
80
198 210 215 201 201 200
218 235
250 264
276 287
304 320
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Recycling & composting Disposal (landfill + incineration)
EUROSTAT DATA PROGRESSION RESOURCE EFFICIENCY ROADMAP
Kg
/cap
EU
27
The development
Municipal wasteplanning compulsory
Important steps of development
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
Producers’ responsibilityintroduced
Landfill taxintroduced
Ban on landfill ofcombustible waste
Ban on landfill oforganic waste and national target on food waste
Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes)
On-goingnational overview
Authorities and agencies
National level
Parliament
National environmental targets
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
National waste plan
Produces national legislation and guidelines
National environmental courts (5 plus one superior):
Gives permissions to larger treatment plants
Regional level
County Administrative Board - government authority (21 counties):
Regional environmental targets
Permissions and control for most treatment plants
Supervision of the regional treatment capacity
Municipal level
Municipal authorithies:
Local enviroenmental targets
Local waste plans and regulations
Permissions and control of smaller treatment plants
Overview model
Housholds or companies
Waste prevention
Collection and transport
Recycling stations
Recycling centers
Curbside collection
Materialrecycling
Biological recycling
Energy recovery
Landfill
New products:
Biogas, new materials, district heating,
electricity, bio-fertilizer
Public awarness - a success factor
Key messages and tools for motivation and
to facilitate collaboration:
– Communication
– Development of self instructive systems
– Feed back of the results and that ”what I do
matters”
– Emphasize on the waste holders
responsibility and participation
Waste prevention in Sweden
99 % material recycling or energy recovery today
more focus on waste prevention
Information, knowledge and behaviour success factors
Long tradition of reuse through flymarkets, second hand,
collection at recycling parks, etc
Largest challenge: decoupling between generated waste
and economic growth
Generated household waste in Sweden is predicted to double 2010-2030 (Swedish EPA)
Generated waste world wide is predicted to rise with 72 % 2010-2025(What a Waste-A global review of Solid Waste Management, mars 2012, World Bank Group)
Infrastructure
Collection of waste from households
based on source separation
Curb side collection
630 manned drop-off recycling centers
5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off
stations
Treatment and recycling of waste
based on the charcter of the waste
58 organic waste facilities
32 waste to energy plants
79 landfills
Recycling centers
Recycling and treatment
Different treatment methods depending on the character of the waste,makes it possible to use the waste as a resource
Combustible wasteFood wasteMaterials
New products District heatingBiofertilizerBiogas Electricity
From landfills to modern recycling facilities
(Illustrator: Per Josefsson)
An integrated part of a holistic system
Products
Material recycling
Waste
Incineration
Landfill
Vehicle fuel
Biogas Cooling/ heatingproduction
Biosolids
Farms
Sewage water cleaning
Anaerobicdigestion
ElectricityproductionOther fuels
Households
IF we are Zero WasteNO NEED FOR BURNING OR BURY
The only thing we need to take out of the circle is toxic stuff.But on the other hand weshould, of course not bring it into the circle!That´s ZERO WASTE!
Waste economy
Municipal waste:
All costs covered by municipal waste fees (not by taxes)
Tariffs decided by eachmunicipal board
Non-profit
Allowed to be differentiated to encourage sourceseparation for recycling
Municipal waste within
producers’
responsibility:
Costs covered by a
fee added to the price
of every product
Waste fee
Average yearly fee per
household 2013:
• Houses:
• 250 EUR
• Flats:
• 160 EUR
Average daily feeper household1,50 Real
Important success factors
Waste management is a public service
Clear division of roles and responsibilities
enable necessary investments
Clear national environmental targets
showing the direction
Long-term regulations and economical
steering instruments
Co-operation between municipalities
Co-operation within municipalites (Waste-,
Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc
departements)
Collaboration between public and private
sectors
Focus on communication and public
engagement
Avfall Sverige’s vision
BNP
Economicgrowth
Generatedwaste
Zero waste!Long-term goals until 2020:
Decoupling between generated
waste and economic growth
Strong upward movement in waste
hierarchy
Gothenburgers' new amusement
park for reusers and recyclers
Our introduction concept was:
Why a recycling/reusing/eco-park?
Drop off what you want to get rid off and buy what you need
Inaugurated 5 May 2007
Total area of 30,000
square meters
Total cost 4 million euro
Eighty percent of the buildings are reused. They
have been brought in from other facilities and builtup again in the park
Construc-
tion time :
March 2006
to April 2007.
The visitors first arrive at the sortingstation
Sorting station where all visitors are met by recycling-park staff and invited to donate any of their items that may be suitable for sale in one of the secondhand shops. Most visitors are pleasantly surprised to be offered this opportunity.
Rooflift!
Entrance
Donatedmaterials
Communication
Hazardous waste
Electronic waste
Whitewares
are left
outside the
station
Stadsmissionen shop – here the visitors can
choose from a wide range of second-hand
products
…furniture…
…fashion…
…or knick-knacks and household goods
Återbruket is for recycling
of construction materials.
Återbruket – for those looking for used construction materials
Returhuset – creative forces that do exciting
things with re-used materials
Bike repair
at Returhuset
We play on the heart
strings when
marketing the eco-
cycle park
It should be a pleasure
and easy to
● Donate
● Buy second-hand
● Sort one's waste
• Understand our system
A few facts about the eco-cycle park
About: 300-400 visitors per day
Turn over: 2013 1,2 milj.euro
Create work opportunities for about
25 people – very important, green
jobs
More than 130 guidings from
Sweden and more than 50 different
countries have visited our Park
We, the park and Gothenburg
makes a differenceFree soil, bag and spade from
the city's own composting
plant to the young ones!
Are we influencing
people's
behaviour?
● Many come just to
donate. They stop at the
sorting station and drive
out again, without
visiting the recycling
centre● Because we ask
ACTIVELY if the visitor
has something to
donate, we encourage
such behavior and more
things are left for re-
use.
• We educate people,
“learning by doing”
Zero Waste is more the journey, then the destination!
There is no AWAY!
It´s always someothersbackyard!
ThankYOU!
Facebook: pal martensson, SwedenTwitter: @MartenssonPalLinkedin: Pal Martensson, Sweden