Recent Progress in High-Pressure Studies on Plastic Properties of Earth Materials
COMPRES meeting at lake TahoeJune, 2004
Grand challenge program (2002-2007)PIsP. Burnley (Georgia Tech.)H.W. Green (UC Riverside)S. Karato (Yale University)D.J. Weidner (SUNY Stony Brook)W.B. Durham (LLNL)[Y. Wang (APS)]
Goal of this projectTo develop new techniques of quantitative rheology experiments under deep Earth conditions (exceeding those in the transition zone: ~15 GPa, ~1800 K)flow lawsdeformation microstructures (fabrics) global dynamics
Why high-pressure?Despite a commonly held view that brittle strength is pressure-sensitive but plastic flow strength is pressure-insensitive, pressure dependence of plastic flow strength is important in Earths interior but can be determined only by high-P experiments.Rheology of high-pressure phases, or rheology associated with a phase transformation (transformational plasticity, transformational faulting) can only be studied under high-P.
Pressure effectsPressure effects are large at high P. [Depends strongly on V*(activation volume). V* in many materials is poorly constrained]
Challenges in high-P rheology studies(How are rheological properties different from elasticity?)Controlled generation of stress (strain-rate)Measurements of stress under high-PPlastic deformation can occur by a variety of mechanisms.Large extrapolation is needed in time-scale (extrapolation in stress, temperature). Careful strategy is needed to choose the parameter space and microscopic mechanisms must be identified.Sensitive to chemical environment and microstructures (large strain is needed to achieve steady-state rheology and microstructure).
Pressure effects on creep can be non-monotonic: a simple activation volume formulation may not capture the physics.pressure, GPastrength, GPa
Deformation fabrics (of wadsleyite) depend on conditions of deformation. [MA stress relaxation tests]
Various methods of deformationexperiments under high-pressuresMultianvil apparatusstress-relaxation testsD-DIARotational DrickamerApparatus (RDA)
Very high-PMostly at room TUnknown strain rate(results are not relevant to most regions of Earths interior.)DACStress changes with time in one experiment.Complications in interpretation
Constant displacement rate deformation experimentsEasy X-ray stress (strain)measurementsStrain is limited.Pressure may be limited.
Constant shear strain-rate deformation experimentsLarge strain possibleHigh-pressure can be achieved.Stress (strain) is heterogeneous.(complications in stress measurements)
D-DIA (Deformation DIA)High-P and T, homogeneous stress/strain[Pressure exceeding ~15 GPa is difficult.Strain is limited.]
RDA (Rotational Drickamer Apparatus)large strain (radial distribution), high P (because ofgood support for anvils)[Stress/strain is not uniform.Effects of initial stage deformation must be minimized.]
PictureRDAIncident X-rayRDA at X17B2 in NSLS13 elements SSDStageCCD camera
Stress measurement from X-ray diffractiond-spacing becomesorientation-dependent under nonhydrostatic stress.
Strain (rate) can also bemeasured from X-ray imaging.
Lattice strain measured byX-ray is converted tostress using some equations.
Equations involve assumptionsabout stress-strain distribution which is not known apriori.
In order to calculate the stress, oneneeds to understand stress-straindistribution (from the data + modeling).
Recent results show significant deviation from elastic model.(Li et al. (2004), Weidener et al.(2004))
MgO: Compression versus extension (D-DIA)6.4 GPa1 GPaUchida et al. 2004, submitted1000KStrain rate: 0.9x10-5 s-1
Plastic deformation of olivine(Li et al., 2004)
stress-distribution in a RDA
Sample and diffraction geometryIncident X-ray (50 mm wide)Diffracted X-ray (50 mm wide)6.50.9 mmEffective length for diffraction~0.4 mmring widthObserved partby diffraction
Stress-strain conditions in sample 1Variation of d-spacing
(Assuming .elastically isotropic)Principal stress (s1, s3) directionY = 0 and 90Y = +45 and -45Uniaxial compressionSimple sheard0: d for hydrostatic conditionG: shear modulust: Uniaxial deviatoric stresssS: Shear deviatoric stress Hydrostatic
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-50.97940404551.00271325280.9821172983
00.979166666710.9791666667
50.97940404550.99728674720.9766907927
100.98010896950.99465593530.9747649047
150.98126001970.99218750.9734475197
200.98282222220.98995644360.9727786658
250.98474811030.98803055560.9727786658
300.98697916670.98646835310.9734475197
350.98944760190.98531730280.9747649047
400.99207841390.98461237890.9766907927
450.99479166670.9843750.9791666667
500.99750491940.98461237890.9821172983
551.00013573140.98531730280.9854530342
601.00260416670.98646835310.9890725197
651.00483522310.98803055560.9928657786
701.00676111110.98995644360.9967175547
751.00832331360.99218751.0005108136
801.00947436390.99465593531.0041302991
851.01017928780.99728674721.007466035
901.010416666711.0104166667
951.01017928781.00271325281.0128925406
1001.00947436391.00534406471.0148184286
1051.00832331361.00781251.0161358136
1101.00676111111.01004355641.0168046675
1151.00483522311.01196944441.0168046675
1201.00260416671.01353164691.0161358136
1251.00013573141.01468269721.0148184286
1300.99750491941.01538762111.0128925406
1350.99479166671.0156251.0104166667
1400.99207841391.01538762111.007466035
1450.98944760191.01468269721.0041302991
1500.98697916671.01353164691.0005108136
1550.98474811031.01196944440.9967175547
1600.98282222221.01004355640.9928657786
1650.98126001971.00781250.9890725197
1700.98010896951.00534406470.9854530342
1750.97940404551.00271325280.9821172983
1800.979166666710.9791666667
Uniaxial
Shear
Uniax + Shear
1
0
Y ()
d/d0
Uniaxial
Y ()
d/dH
1
1
Uniaxial
1
0
Y ()
d/d0
Chart3
110
0.997286747212
0.9946559353
0.9921875
0.9899564436
0.9880305556
0.9864683531
0.9853173028
0.9846123789
0.984375
0.9846123789
0.9853173028
0.9864683531
0.9880305556
0.9899564436
0.9921875
0.9946559353
0.9972867472
1
1.0027132528
1.0053440647
1.0078125
1.0100435564
1.0119694444
1.0135316469
1.0146826972
1.0153876211
1.015625
1.0153876211
1.0146826972
1.0135316469
1.0119694444
1.0100435564
1.0078125
1.0053440647
1.0027132528
1
0.9972867472
0.9946559353
0.9921875
0.9899564436
0.9880305556
0.9864683531
0.9853173028
0.9846123789
0.984375
0.9846123789
0.9853173028
0.9864683531
0.9880305556
0.9899564436
0.9921875
0.9946559353
0.9972867472
1
1.0027132528
1.0053440647
1.0078125
1.0100435564
1.0119694444
1.0135316469
1.0146826972
1.0153876211
1.015625
1.0153876211
1.0146826972
1.0135316469
1.0119694444
1.0100435564
1.0078125
1.0053440647
1.0027132528
1
1
Shear
1
0
Y ()
d/d0
Sheet1
1 = 2
Uniaxial1Uniaxial2Shear1Shear2Uniax + Shear1Uniax + Shear2
G (Gpa)80
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00.99791666670.9979166667110.99791666670.9979166667
50.99794040460.99794040460.99891410930.99891469890.99685675040.9968573387
100.99801089690.99801089690.99786008450.99786237410.99587523790.995877523
150.9981260020.9981260020.99687010190.9968750.99500196930.9950068582
200.99828222220.99828222220.9959744750.99598257740.99426361220.9942717007
250.9984748110.9984748110.99520070560.99521222220.99368283650.9936943355
300.99869791670.99869791670.9945726130.99458734120.99327759650.9932923056
350.99894476020.99894476020.99410957260.99412692110.99306054860.9930778788
400.99920784140.99920784140.99382589170.99384495150.9930386240.9930576687
450.99947916670.99947916670.99373034570.993750.99321277780.9932324219
500.99975049190.99975049190.99382589170.99384495150.99357792420.9935969792
551.00001357311.00001357310.99410957260.99412692110.99412306570.9941404145
601.00026041671.00026041670.9945726130.99458734120.99483161620.9948463483
651.00048352231.00048352230.99520070560.99521222220.99568190740.9956934295
701.00067611111.00067611110.9959744750.99598257740.99664786440.9966559723
751.00083233141.00083233140.99687010190.9968750.99769982810.9977047303
801.00094743641.00094743640.99786008450.99786237410.99880549340.9988077852
851.00101792881.00101792880.99891410930.99891469890.99993093270.9999315229
901.00104166671.0010416667111.00104166671.0010416667
951.00101792881.00101792881.00108471281.00108530111.00210374581.0021043347
1001.00094743641.00094743641.0021353461.00213762591.00308480551.0030870875
1051.00083233141.00083233141.00312013241.0031251.00395506071.0039599324
1101.00067611111.00067611111.0040093851.00401742261.00468820691.0046962499
1151.00048352231.00048352231.00477637091.00478777781.00526220271.0052736151
1201.00026041671.00026041671.00539808911.00541265881.00565991151.005674485
1251.00001357311.00001357311.00585593291.00587307891.00586958551.0058867317
1300.99975049190.99975049191.00613622181.00615504851.00588518281.0059040047
1350.99947916670.99947916671.00623058991.006251.00570651141.0057259115
1400.99920784140.99920784141.00613622181.00615504851.00533920241.0053580141
1450.99894476020.99894476021.00585593291.00587307891.00479451371.0048116416
1500.99869791670.99869791671.00539808911.00541265881.0040889771.0041035277
1550.9984748110.9984748111.00477637091.00478777781.00324389711.0032552865
1600.99828222220.99828222221.0040093851.00401742261.002284721.0022927437
1650.9981260020.9981260021.00312013241.0031251.00124028721.0012451457
1700.99801089690.99801089691.0021353461.00213762591.00014199561.0001442709
1750.99794040460.99794040461.00108471281.00108530110.99902288330.9990234704
1800.99791666670.9979166667110.99791666670.9979166667
Sheet1
Uniaxial1
Shear1
Uniax + Shear1
Shear2
Uniax + Shear2
Y ()
d/dH
Sheet1 (2)
0.12801747460.1640980546
UniaxialShearUniax + ShearUniax * ShearUniax(-) / ShearDifference (%)
Uniax * ShearUniax(-) / ShearG (Gpa)80
-1800.979166666710.97916666670.97916666670.979591836700.043421624t (Gpa)5
-1750.97940404550.98914698890.96855103440.96877456250.96918568470.02307861070.065525740310
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-1600.98282222220.95982577440.94264799660.94333810060.94361653920.07320907930.1027470023
-1550.98474811030.95212222230.93687033260.93760055920.93781871470.0779431860.1012287479
-1500.98697916670.94587341230.93285257890.93355735220.93371565630.07555033810.0925202343
-1450.98944760190.94126921120.93071681310.93133656380.93144028260.0665885320.0777324982
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-1350.99479166670.93750.93229166670.93261718750.9326424870.03491620110.0376298955
-1300.99750491940.93844951540.93595443490.93610800830.9361138360.01640821510.0170308639
-1251.00013573140.94126921120.94140494260.9413969710.9413969883-0.0008467783-0.000844936
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-1151.00483522310.95212222230.95695744540.95672594560.9567483138-0.0241912257-0.0218537984
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-1051.00832331360.968750.97707331360.97681321010.976880886-0.026620679-0.0196942884
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-400.99207841391.06155048461.05362889851.0531413211.0532074114-0.0462760147-0.0400033723
-350.98944760191.05873078881.04817839071.04755864011.047675302-0.0591264491-0.0479964831
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-200.98282222221.04017422561.02299644781.02230634391.0226080911-0.0674590729-0.0379626699
-150.98126001971.031251.01251001971.01192439531.0122798947-0.0578388729-0.0227281687
-100.98010896951.0213762591.00148522841.00106003261.0014562619-0.0424565243-0.0028923591
-50.97940404551.01085301110.99025705660.99003352850.9904536724-0.02257273720.0198550193
00.979166666710.97916666670.97916666670.979591836700.043421624
50.97940404550.98914698890.96855103440.96877456250.96918568470.02307861070.0655257403
100.98010896950.9786237410.95873271050.95915790630.95953755030.0443497770.083948301
150.98126001970.968750.95001001970.95059564410.95092959810.06164402180.0967967015
200.98282222220.95982577440.94264799660.94333810060.94361653920.07320907930.1027470023
250.98474811030.95212222230.93687033260.93760055920.93781871470.0779431860.1012287479
300.98697916670.94587341230.93285257890.93355735220.93371565630.07555033810.0925202343
350.98944760190.94126921120.93071681310.93133656380.93144028260.0665885320.0777324982
400.99207841390.93844951540.93052792930.93101550680.93107393310.05239793970.0586767744
450.99479166670.93750.93229166670.93261718750.9326424870.03491620110.0376298955
500.99750491940.93844951540.93595443490.93610800830.9361138360.01640821510.0170308639
551.00013573140.94126921120.94140494260.9413969710.9413969883-0.0008467783-0.000844936
601.00260416670.94587341230.94847757890.94833662430.9483430556-0.0148611479-0.0141830757
651.00483522310.95212222230.95695744540.95672594560.9567483138-0.0241912257-0.0218537984
701.00676111110.95982577440.96658688550.96631526310.9663594379-0.0281011885-0.0235310018
751.00832331360.968750.97707331360.97681321010.976880886-0.026620679-0.0196942884
801.00947436390.9786237410.98809810490.98789557850.9879842634-0.0204965939-0.011521271
851.01017928780.98914698890.99932627670.99921580080.9993193482-0.0110550404-0.0006933222
901.010416666711.01041666671.01041666671.010526315800.0108518719
951.01017928781.01085301111.02103229891.02114277481.02124859450.01082002240.0211840075
1001.00947436391.0213762591.03085062281.03105314931.03114570860.01964653760.0286254642
1051.00832331361.031251.03957331361.03983341721.03990545930.02502022190.0319501903
1101.00676111111.04017422561.04693533671.04720695911.04725483190.02594452520.0305171825
1151.00483522311.04787777771.05271300081.05294450051.05296911830.02199077380.0243292809
1201.00260416671.05412658771.05673075441.05687170911.05687887650.01333874830.0140170118
1251.00013573141.05873078881.05886652021.05887449181.05887451130.0007528440.0007546863
1300.99750491941.06155048461.0590554041.05890183061.0589084227-0.0145009805-0.0138785242
1350.99479166671.06251.05729166671.05696614581.0569948187-0.0307881773-0.0280762653
1400.99207841391.06155048461.05362889851.0531413211.0532074114-0.0462760147-0.0400033723
1450.98944760191.05873078881.04817839071.04755864011.047675302-0.0591264491-0.0479964831
1500.98697916671.05412658771.04110575441.04040098111.0405774028-0.0676946866-0.0507490807
1550.98474811031.04787777771.0326258881.03189566141.0321357569-0.0707155026-0.0474645297
1600.98282222221.04017422561.02299644781.02230634391.0226080911-0.0674590729-0.0379626699
1650.98126001971.031251.01251001971.01192439531.0122798947-0.0578388729-0.0227281687
1700.98010896951.0213762591.00148522841.00106003261.0014562619-0.0424565243-0.0028923591
1750.97940404551.01085301110.99025705660.99003352850.9904536724-0.02257273720.0198550193
1800.979166666710.97916666670.97916666670.979591836700.043421624
Sheet1 (2)
Uniaxial
Shear
Uniax + Shear
Uniax * Shear
Uniax(-) / Shear
Y ()
d/dH
Sheet1 (3)
Uniax * Shear
Uniax(-) / Shear
Y ()
difference (%)
Uniaxial
Y ()
d/dH
UniaxialShearUniax + Shear
G (Gpa)80
-1800.979166666710.9791666667t (Gpa)5-1801
-1750.97940404550.99728674720.97669079272.51801
-1700.98010896950.99465593530.974764904700
-1650.98126001970.99218750.973447519702
-1600.98282222220.98995644360.9727786658
-1550.98474811030.98803055560.9727786658
-1500.98697916670.98646835310.9734475197
-1450.98944760190.98531730280.9747649047
-1400.99207841390.98461237890.9766907927
-1350.99479166670.9843750.9791666667
-1300.99750491940.98461237890.9821172983
-1251.00013573140.98531730280.9854530342
-1201.00260416670.98646835310.9890725197
-1151.00483522310.98803055560.9928657786
-1101.00676111110.98995644360.9967175547
-1051.00832331360.99218751.0005108136
-1001.00947436390.99465593531.0041302991
-951.01017928780.99728674721.007466035
-901.010416666711.0104166667
-851.01017928781.00271325281.0128925406
-801.00947436391.00534406471.0148184286
-751.00832331361.00781251.0161358136
-701.00676111111.01004355641.0168046675
-651.00483522311.01196944441.0168046675
-601.00260416671.01353164691.0161358136
-551.00013573141.01468269721.0148184286
-500.99750491941.01538762111.0128925406
-450.99479166671.0156251.0104166667
-400.99207841391.01538762111.007466035
-350.98944760191.01468269721.0041302991
-300.98697916671.01353164691.0005108136
-250.98474811031.01196944440.9967175547
-200.98282222221.01004355640.9928657786
-150.98126001971.00781250.9890725197
-100.98010896951.00534406470.9854530342
-50.97940404551.00271325280.9821172983
00.979166666710.9791666667
50.97940404550.99728674720.9766907927
100.98010896950.99465593530.9747649047
150.98126001970.99218750.9734475197
200.98282222220.98995644360.9727786658
250.98474811030.98803055560.9727786658
300.98697916670.98646835310.9734475197
350.98944760190.98531730280.9747649047
400.99207841390.98461237890.9766907927
450.99479166670.9843750.9791666667
500.99750491940.98461237890.9821172983
551.00013573140.98531730280.9854530342
601.00260416670.98646835310.9890725197
651.00483522310.98803055560.9928657786
701.00676111110.98995644360.9967175547
751.00832331360.99218751.0005108136
801.00947436390.99465593531.0041302991
851.01017928780.99728674721.007466035
901.010416666711.0104166667
951.01017928781.00271325281.0128925406
1001.00947436391.00534406471.0148184286
1051.00832331361.00781251.0161358136
1101.00676111111.01004355641.0168046675
1151.00483522311.01196944441.0168046675
1201.00260416671.01353164691.0161358136
1251.00013573141.01468269721.0148184286
1300.99750491941.01538762111.0128925406
1350.99479166671.0156251.0104166667
1400.99207841391.01538762111.007466035
1450.98944760191.01468269721.0041302991
1500.98697916671.01353164691.0005108136
1550.98474811031.01196944440.9967175547
1600.98282222221.01004355640.9928657786
1650.98126001971.00781250.9890725197
1700.98010896951.00534406470.9854530342
1750.97940404551.00271325280.9821172983
1800.979166666710.9791666667
Uniaxial
Shear
Uniax + Shear
1
0
Y ()
d/d0
Uniaxial
Y ()
d/dH
1
1
Uniaxial
1
0
Y ()
d/d0
1
Shear
1
0
Y ()
d/d0
By using Y = 0, 45, 90 geometry, uniaxial deviatoric stress and simple shear deviatoric stress can be determined independently.Annealing at P=15 GPa after compressiont = 0.6 GPa, sS = 0.7 GPa27CDuring rotation atP=15 GPa and T=1600 K300 K900 K1600 K
Chart3
1.98090024341.9822188511
-451.9820259985
1.95683056411.9814533006
451.9805181583
1.98353745871.9792489857
-1801.9776843457
1.9758717793
1.9738663604
1.9717290225
1.9695247076
1.9673203927
1.9651830548
1.9631776359
1.9613650695
1.9598004295
1.9585312569
1.9575961146
1.9570234167
1.9568305641
1.9570234167
1.9575961146
1.9585312569
1.9598004295
1.9613650695
1.9631776359
1.9651830548
1.9673203927
1.9695247076
1.9717290225
1.9738663604
1.9758717793
1.9776843457
1.9792489857
1.9805181583
1.9814533006
1.9820259985
1.9822188511
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd Uax+Shear Ana
For Wd (240) diffraction
Energy Calibtration
qG'nZhcRh1 keV =AB1B2B3B4B5B6
3-900.02305622940.0647321976.3281262934450.06540214760.0618622676.5258891318(GPa)(K)(GPa)(K)(J s)(m/s)(J/mol K)(J s)(J/K)00.33341-0.125170.016750.0000573568-0.0002723550.0000292863-0.0000009959
-450.06540214760.0618622676.365162162900.03715843640.06070545976.57435588654540.98170.34.761.401.00993106.81.642.273007402997924588.31045160221367000000000000000000J
00.06540214760.0618622676.4200621201180016.5Finger et al. (1993); Li and Liebermann (2000); Suzuki et al. (1980); Fei et al. (1992); Li et al. (2001); Inou et5 al. (2004); Jackson and Rigden (1996); Watanabe (1982); Mayama et al. (2004)
SampleYWd (240)YY
numberCh-90-85-80-75-70-65-60-55-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5051015202530354045505560657075808590()
Bet-19 1Load (ton)0-90.01.00-0.00857.6755.5422.0222.0222.019801560212.0196658212.01966891432.01967810012.01969309942.01971345642.01973855262.01976762542.01979979152.01983407352.01986942982.01990478622.01993906822.01997123432.02000030712.02002540332.02004576032.02006075962.02006994542.02007303872.02006994542.02006075962.02004576032.02002540332.02000030712.01997123432.01993906822.01990478622.01986942982.01983407352.01979979152.01976762542.01973855262.01971345642.01969309942.01967810012.01966891432.019665821-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.4010096267-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00884.8454.8042.0202.0202.0209930
45.0-0.501.00540.98234797163.3145
Rotation ()090.01.000.00882.2653.5952.0172.0173.3190
f012930.7140273963Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)0.00Hydrostatic2.0202.274440038612930.71402739638.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.04-0.00020013459172827.6106.75011.44411.4675761169
0.00-0.040.000.0005.6965.7077344951
540.9823479716Weight1106.750.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 2Load (ton)0-90.01.00-0.00855.8355.4232.0272.0252.02257881491.00248345662.02531916122.02529483692.02522260292.02510465422.02494457442.02474722762.024518612.02426566812.02399608732.02371805882.02344003032.02317044952.02291750762.022688892.02249154312.02233146342.02221351462.02214128072.02211695632.02214128072.02221351462.02233146342.02249154312.022688892.02291750762.02317044952.02344003032.02371805882.02399608732.02426566812.024518612.02474722762.02494457442.02510465422.02522260292.02529483692.0253191612-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.4044889732-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00883.9554.7482.0222.0242.024989.55101247180
45.0-0.501.00542.32585413133.298503374945
Rotation ()090.01.000.00879.2353.4122.0242.0233.298503374990
f-0.000826109412997.164188873Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)-0.42Hydrostatic2.0242.280088511612997.1641888738.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
0.340.0019550996242396.9106.06011.44411.4675761169
0.000.340.00-0.4205.6965.7077344951
542.3258541313Weight1106.060.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 3Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00875.5456.6991.9811.9722.02257881490.92931743771.98221885111.98202599851.98145330061.98051815831.97924898571.97768434571.97587177931.97386636041.97172902251.96952470761.96732039271.96518305481.96317763591.96136506951.95980042951.95853125691.95759611461.95702341671.95683056411.95702341671.95759611461.95853125691.95980042951.96136506951.96317763591.96518305481.96732039271.96952470761.97172902251.97386636041.97587177931.97768434571.97924898571.98051815831.98145330061.98202599851.9822188511-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3019826764-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00913.4756.5751.9571.9741.9741096.36738246570
45.0-0.501.00502.74432943673.654557941645
Rotation ()090.01.000.00897.2454.5051.9841.9753.654557941690
f0.025041880611091.3176343031Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)14.87Hydrostatic1.9742.113676788811091.31763430318.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
3.320.004-10859386028562129.21011.44411.4675761169
0.003.320.0014.8695.6965.7077344951
502.7443294367Weight1129.210.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 4-6Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00883.3157.2021.9631.9592.02257881490.91724903211.96951548741.96985725811.96999081441.96991209811.96962350121.96913379231.96845785121.96761621581.9666344591.96554241081.96437325261.96316250861.96194696681.96076356081.95964824771.95863491571.95775435451.95703331941.95649371881.95615194811.95601839181.9560971081.9563857051.95687541391.9575513551.95839299041.95937474721.96046679541.96163595361.96284669751.96406223931.96524564541.96636095851.96737429051.96825485171.96897588681.9695154874-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00913.9556.6041.9731.975g1.2850747241-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00915.8556.7221.9521.9601.9651115.06231101610
45.0-0.501.00893.7455.3541.9681.970496.21553507433.716874370145
Rotation ()090.01.000.00905.2454.9901.9661.9623.716874370190
f0.029637218610788.385342902Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)18.08Hydrostatic1.9652.08622792410788.3853429028.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
1.770.0020.0025827805133.66011.44411.4675761169
0.691.770.690.0018.0775.6965.7077344951
496.2155350743Weight1133.660.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 7Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00873.3756.5581.9861.9792.02257881490.93997217071.9877488321.98760120271.98716280041.98644694581.98547538981.98427765251.98289012661.98135497151.9797188321.97803142131.97634401061.97470787111.97317271591.97178519011.97058745281.96961589681.96890004221.96846163991.96831401061.96846163991.96890004221.96961589681.97058745281.97178519011.97317271591.97470787111.97634401061.97803142131.9797188321.98135497151.98289012661.98427765251.98547538981.98644694581.98716280041.98760120271.987748832-90
Temperature (K)873-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.31691006-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00908.1456.2451.9681.9811.9811080.12303045380
45.0-0.501.00508.50835195071.237254330445
Rotation ()090.01.000.00894.4754.3361.9901.9833.600410101590
f0.021066725293120.6689462333Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)13.63Hydrostatic1.9812.137910340311361.64844133678.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
2.420.003-15894245353728125.4481759.020504896611.44411.4675761169
0.002.42-2.2812.2195.6965.7077344951
508.5083519507Weight1123.151.406537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 8Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.1656.3501.9931.9942.02257881490.95617373451.99188836611.9919043321.99195174431.99202916261.99213423451.99226376751.99241382571.99257984981.99275679511.99293928531.99312177551.99329872091.99346474491.99361480321.99374433611.9938494081.99392682631.99397423871.99399020451.99397423871.99392682631.9938494081.99374433611.99361480321.99346474491.99329872091.99312177551.99293928531.99275679511.99257984981.99241382571.99226376751.99213423451.99202916261.99195174431.9919043321.9918883661-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3396086068-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00896.4355.5211.9941.9931.9931055.88196656030
45.0-0.501.00517.2731119520.671253634245
Rotation ()090.01.000.00894.0454.3101.9911.9913.519606555290
f0.0151639501211573.847900375Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)11.93Hydrostatic1.9932.174759825611777.68228902388.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.24-0.00010248644131006.8119.99199796.16561135111.44411.4675761169
0.00-0.24-5.588.4925.6965.7077344951
517.273111952Weight1114.413.437537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 12Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.3056.3591.9931.9942.02257881490.95571064851.99156126941.99157735751.99162513311.99170314441.99180902121.99193954641.99209075411.992258051.99243635071.99262023891.9928041271.99298242781.99314972361.99330093131.99343145661.99353733331.99361534471.99366312021.99367920841.99366312021.99361534471.99353733331.99343145661.99330093131.99314972361.99298242781.9928041271.99262023891.99243635071.992258051.99209075411.99193954641.99180902121.99170314441.99162513311.99157735751.9915612694-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3389598189-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00896.5755.5291.9941.9921.9921056.56723228750
45.0-0.501.00517.02259061320.671689276745
Rotation ()090.01.000.00894.1954.3191.9901.9913.521890774390
f0.0153303504211536.930145762Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)12.03Hydrostatic1.9922.173706564311765.7100959648.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.24-0.00010304455236253.1120.14199771.22004979811.44411.4675761169
0.00-0.24-5.588.5945.6965.7077344951
517.0225906132Weight1114.563.436537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 14-16Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.5556.3761.9921.9932.02257881490.95434874721.99085663671.99063698651.990445151.9902869561.99016721111.99008955371.99005634351.99006858941.99012591941.99022659161.9903675471.99054450291.99075208251.99098397861.99123314511.99149201131.99175271171.99200732491.99224811481.99246776491.99265960151.99281779551.99293754041.99301519781.9930484081.99303616211.99297883211.99287815991.99273720451.99256024861.9923526691.99212077291.99187160641.99161274021.99135203981.99109742661.9908566367-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00906.5856.1481.9891.988g1.337051782-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00896.7555.5401.9931.9921.9911058.58512604380
45.0-0.501.00883.0754.6941.9911.991516.28582602610.672972108145
Rotation ()090.01.000.00893.6454.2861.9921.9923.528617086890
f0.0158205013211428.248313556Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)12.33Hydrostatic1.9912.170609001311730.52785629328.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.16-0.000-0.0013315628120.58199697.72045726311.44411.4675761169
-0.31-0.16-0.31-5.588.8955.6965.7077344951
516.2858260261Weight1115.013.435537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 17-19Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.7556.3891.9921.9902.02257881490.94728980181.98814978661.98759857121.98698429241.98632561481.98564255181.98495585821.98428639851.98365451421.98307940461.98257854421.98216715141.9818577261.981659671.9815790011.98161817021.98177598741.98204765751.98242492591.98289632951.98344754481.98406182361.98472050131.98540356421.98609025791.98675971751.98739160181.98796671141.98846757181.98887896471.989188391.98938644611.98946711511.98942794581.98927012861.98899845851.98862119011.9881497866-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00909.4256.3241.9821.983g1.3271621315-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00901.4255.8291.9831.9861.9861069.10610153780
45.0-0.501.00884.3954.7761.9881.989512.46706117630.679660585845
Rotation ()1.0-2.790.01.000.00896.7454.4741.9851.9833.563687005190
f0.0183798318210862.310326369Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)13.92Hydrostatic1.9862.154553853311548.82752928788.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
0.620.001-0.0029646756122.93199313.48279708111.44411.4675761169
-0.700.62-0.70-5.5710.4925.6965.7077344951
512.4670611763Weight1117.373.428537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 26-28Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00882.2457.1321.9661.9662.02257881490.93618272981.97892941491.97708425841.97528035831.97357252491.97201265011.97064812981.96952042421.96866379821.96810427991.96785886991.9679350251.96833043111.96903307411.97002160461.97126598651.97272840981.97436443971.97612436621.97795471481.97979987121.98160377141.98331160471.98487147961.98623599991.98736370541.98822033151.98877984981.98902525971.98894910471.98855369851.98785105551.98686252511.98561814321.98415571981.98251968991.98075976351.9789294149-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00913.5956.5821.9731.974g1.3116010168-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00905.4156.0761.9741.9751.9791085.87269943010
45.0-0.501.00881.6254.6041.9951.995506.45833129660.690319580145
Rotation ()10.1-12.990.01.000.00896.7854.4771.9851.9843.619575664890
f0.0224718796209962.87832105Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)16.56Hydrostatic1.9792.129291484111265.19941982258.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
0.120.000-0.0106976355126.76198697.67890122811.44411.4675761169
-2.590.12-2.59-5.5513.1435.6965.7077344951
506.4583312966Weight1121.213.418537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 33-35Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00891.3957.7251.9461.9472.02257881490.88739980681.94252200751.94309173371.94369430181.9443114031.94492428691.94551433141.94606360841.94655542821.94697484721.94730912161.94754809451.9476845051.94771420831.94763630181.94745315281.9471703261.9467964151.9463427811.94582320741.94525348111.9446509131.94403381181.94342092791.94283088341.94228160651.94178978671.94137036761.94103609331.94079712031.94066070981.94063100651.9407089131.94089206211.94117488891.94154879981.94200243381.9425220075-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00928.4557.5011.9421.941g1.2432556721-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00916.9456.7891.9491.9471.9441162.68192360590
45.0-0.501.00908.5256.2691.9361.935480.06763108790.739149347545
Rotation ()24.6-27.690.01.000.00914.2955.5401.9471.9483.87560641290
f0.0414484537205881.165372108Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)30.43Hydrostatic1.9442.018337650910054.83298741438.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.48-0.0010.0032274933145.61195826.33238469411.44411.4675761169
0.90-0.480.90-5.4727.0625.6965.7077344951
480.0676310879Weight1140.143.369537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 17-19Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.0088056.9871.9711.9732.02257881490.93946020171.97839986341.97776078781.97725556971.97689956011.97670357591.97667357221.97681046051.97711008161.97756333171.97815643891.9788713821.97968643791.98057684141.98151553811.98247400621.98342312311.98433405031.98517910991.98593262511.98657170071.98707691871.98743292841.98762891261.98765891631.9875220281.98722240681.98676915681.98617604961.98546110651.98464605061.98375564711.98281695041.98185848231.98090936541.97999843811.97915337861.9783998634-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.0091056.3601.9811.980g1.3161927865-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.30.0-2.000.0090155.8031.9841.9791.9811080.89805199190
45.0-0.501.0088454.7521.9891.988508.23138576030.687157057845
Rotation ()1.0-2.790.01.000.0089854.5511.9821.9843.602993506690
f0.0212560153210229.423562042Mg100Mg90hkldId-ave-180.0
Pressure (GPa)15.76Hydrostatic1.9812.136745897511348.59840855218.24818.26509215054002.0662730376402.0350628785
-0.91-0.001-0.0040484462125.62198880.82515348911.44411.46757611690422.0225788149100
-0.97-0.91-0.97-5.5512.3435.6965.7077344951
508.2313857603Weight1120.063.421537.6525964544540.9823479716
Wd Uax+Shear Ana
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
MgO Uax+Shear Ana
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
MgO Uniaxial and shear stress analysis-900.02305622940.0647321976.3281262934450.06540214760.0618622676.5258891318
-450.06540214760.0618622676.365162162900.03715843640.06070545976.5743558865
Energy CalibtrationThermoelastic parameters MgO00.06540214760.0618622676.4200621201180016.5
qG'nZhcRh1 keV =AB1B2B3B4B5B6
3-900.02305622940.0647321976.3281262934450.06540214760.0618622676.5258891318(GPa)(K)(GPa)(K)(J s)(m/s)(J/mol K)(J s)(J/K)00.33341-0.125170.016750.0000573568-0.0002723550.0000292863-0.0000009959
-450.06540214760.0618622676.365162162900.03715843640.06070545976.5743558865474.681604.11.451.70771131.02.202.303002402997924588.31045160221367000000000000000000J
00.06540214760.0618622676.4200621201180016.5Stixrude
SampleYMgO (200)YY
numberCh-90-85-80-75-70-65-60-55-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5051015202530354045505560657075808590()
Bet-19 1Load (ton)0-90.01.00-0.00825.4453.4562.1012.1042.1061.00276919972.10517480892.10523787292.10542514882.10573094632.10614597392.10665762132.10725034212.1079061272.10860505032.10932587542.11004670052.11074562382.11140140872.11199412952.11250577692.11292080452.1132266022.11341387792.1134769422.11341387792.1132266022.11292080452.11250577692.11199412952.11140140872.11074562382.11004670052.10932587542.10860505032.1079061272.10725034212.10665762132.10614597392.10573094632.10542514882.10523787292.1051748089-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.4568326915-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00845.6952.3822.1132.1082.108767.90739254750
45.0-0.501.0074.88909611652.559691308545
Rotation ()090.01.000.00843.7251.2562.1092.1122.559691308590
f-0.00092094175159.3445583139Mg100Mg90hkldId-ave-180.0
Pressure (GPa)-0.44Hydrostatic2.1082.30636915945159.34455831398.24814.27161926144001.0679048153401.0517745757
-1.02-0.001-31792487297613.5130.03011.4445.92674807860421.0453224799100
0.00-1.020.00-0.4405.6962.9499088654
74.8890961165Weight1130.030.000537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 2Load (ton)0-90.01.00-0.00821.5353.2022.1112.1092.1060.99943951362.10720813162.10717163222.10706324312.10688625772.10664605342.10634992892.10600688172.10562733512.10522282142.10480563172.1043884422.10398392842.10360438182.10326133452.102965212.10272500582.10254802032.10243963122.10240313182.10243963122.10254802032.10272500582.102965212.10326133452.10360438182.10398392842.1043884422.10480563172.10522282142.10562733512.10600688172.10634992892.10664605342.10688625772.10706324312.10717163222.1072081316-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.4486186721-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00850.1552.6582.1022.1062.106771.62672743280
45.0-0.501.0074.64042754332.572089091445
Rotation ()090.01.000.00846.1051.4002.1032.1022.572089091490
f0.00018691615131.0804527286Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)0.09Hydrostatic2.1062.29871088135131.08045272868.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
0.600.00129921592574221.9131.20011.4445.9267480786
0.000.600.000.0905.6962.9499088654
74.6404275433Weight1131.200.000537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 4-6Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00836.0854.1442.0742.0652.1060.92870841142.06375849152.06398205662.06378663462.06317816352.06217513142.06080801472.05911835282.0571574852.05498499152.05266688232.05027359192.04787783932.04555241832.04336798552.04139091392.03968127582.03829101762.03726238172.03662662262.03640305762.03659847952.03720695062.03820998282.03957709942.04126676142.04322762912.04540012272.04771823192.05011152232.05250727482.05483269592.05701712862.05899420022.06070383842.06209409652.06312273252.0637584915-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00882.9854.6892.0422.046g1.2786831626-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00874.5454.1662.0442.0622.055852.74706869240
45.0-0.501.00863.3253.4722.0372.04169.35806713962.84249022945
Rotation ()090.01.000.00860.6652.2842.0682.0592.84249022990
f0.0252713964550.3727666318Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)13.77Hydrostatic2.0552.13602934614550.37276663188.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
4.220.0040.0024084369159.65011.4445.9267480786
0.774.220.770.0013.7745.6962.9499088654
69.3580671396Weight1159.650.000537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 7Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00834.7054.0552.0782.0742.1060.94268201452.06894303952.06885246722.06858350252.06814431762.06754825692.06681343152.06596216872.06502033362.06401654342.06298129792.06194605232.06094226222.06000042712.05914916422.05841433882.05781827822.05737909332.05711012852.05701955632.05711012852.05737909332.05781827822.05841433882.05914916422.06000042712.06094226222.06194605232.06298129792.06401654342.06502033362.06596216872.06681343152.06754825692.06814431762.06858350252.06885246722.0689430395-90
Temperature (K)873-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.31156216-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00868.9353.8192.0572.0652.065836.41290535970
45.0-0.501.0070.40164776550.958090384145
Rotation ()090.01.000.00863.8752.4792.0602.0562.788043017990
f0.020067670229866.6968725963Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)13.78Hydrostatic2.0652.16816863334661.94370513448.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
1.710.00269694194831855.4153.4225204.753167461911.4445.9267480786
0.001.71-5.1610.6605.6962.9499088654
70.4016477655Weight1148.273.119537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 8Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00831.7253.8622.0852.0842.1060.95541780972.07590291242.07586470592.07575124762.07556598472.07531454632.07500457232.07464548112.07424818352.07382475112.07338804982.07295134852.07252791622.07213061852.07177152732.07146155332.0712101152.0710248522.07091139372.07087318732.07091139372.0710248522.0712101152.07146155332.07177152732.07213061852.07252791622.07295134852.07338804982.07382475112.07424818352.07464548112.07500457232.07531454632.07556598472.07575124762.07586470592.0759029124-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3418274363-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00863.1153.4592.0712.0742.074821.65392728010
45.0-0.501.0071.35278606470.522348332745
Rotation ()090.01.000.00861.1652.3142.0672.0652.738846424390
f0.015435645464140.2672135392Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)15.43Hydrostatic2.0742.19746096234765.03567063248.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
0.660.00173246807985899.3148.0259375.231542906911.4445.9267480786
0.000.66-12.158.0135.6962.9499088654
71.3527860647Weight1135.887.417537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 12Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00832.1053.8872.0842.0822.1060.95924198212.07967698162.07961575192.07943392332.07913702042.07873406472.07823729962.07766181912.0770251092.07634651522.07564665662.07494679812.07426820432.07363149422.07305601372.07255924862.07215629292.071859392.07167756142.07161633172.07167756142.071859392.07215629292.07255924862.07305601372.07363149422.07426820432.07494679812.07564665662.07634651522.0770251092.07766181912.07823729962.07873406472.07913702042.07943392332.07961575192.0796769816-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3509706203-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00862.8053.4402.0722.0772.077817.24665275540
45.0-0.501.0071.63838399970.519546505245
Rotation ()090.01.000.00857.6352.1002.0752.0722.724155509290
f0.014064822264211.3470641695Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)14.69Hydrostatic2.0772.20625655884796.24604827778.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
1.040.00136017404373306.1146.4559415.101015891911.4445.9267480786
0.001.04-12.157.2515.6962.9499088654
71.6383839997Weight1134.307.442537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 14-16Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00832.1053.8872.0842.0822.1060.95917949092.07935139462.07916784332.07888019322.07849718442.07803045462.07749418492.07690466982.07627982122.0756386252.07500056362.07438502412.07381070932.07329506962.07285377242.07250022632.07224517362.07209636392.07205831882.07213219432.07231574562.07260339572.07298640442.07345313432.0739894042.07457891912.07520376762.07584496382.07648302532.07709856482.07767287962.07818851932.07862981652.07898336262.07923841532.07938722492.079425272.0793513946-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00868.9253.8192.0752.076g1.3508210052-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00862.5253.4232.0722.0772.077817.31858090250
45.0-0.501.00846.9152.4572.0762.07771.63371701490.51959223245
Rotation ()090.01.000.00857.7752.1082.0752.0722.724395269790
f0.014087149764210.1865305616Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)14.71Hydrostatic2.0772.2061128294795.735103088.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
0.930.001-0.0007137703146.4859414.451427481611.4445.9267480786
-0.190.93-0.19-12.157.2645.6962.9499088654
71.6337170149Weight1134.327.442537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 17-19Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00834.1154.0172.0792.0762.1060.95375061722.07621892362.07613980742.07591725912.07555804082.07507306722.07447707392.07378816992.07302728712.07221754472.07138354622.07055063232.06974411062.06898848692.06830672042.06771952622.0672447462.06689680572.06668627732.06661955762.06669867382.06692122212.06728044042.0677654142.06836140732.06905031132.06981119412.07062093652.0714549352.07228784892.07309437062.07384999432.07453176082.0751189552.07559373522.07594167552.07615220392.0762189236-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00871.6153.9852.0682.070g1.3378493644-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00864.0553.5172.0692.0752.073823.57888360380
45.0-0.501.00850.1152.6552.0682.07071.22827631780.523572081145
Rotation ()1.0-2.790.01.000.00856.7552.0472.0772.0742.745262945390
f0.01603613864109.240863139Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)15.75Hydrostatic2.0732.19362641964751.46566132758.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
1.260.002-0.0000344371148.7259357.775201811511.4445.9267480786
-0.011.26-0.01-12.148.3495.6962.9499088654
71.2282763178Weight1136.577.405537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 26-28Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00840.0054.3982.0652.0652.1060.94177812522.06425453852.0638546872.06346943672.06311049322.0627887632.06251402152.06229461672.06213721512.06204659932.06202552252.06207462512.06219241532.0623753142.06261776392.06291239842.0632502652.06362109792.06401362962.0644159332.06481578462.06520103492.06555997832.06588170852.066156452.06637585482.06653325642.06662387232.06664494912.06659584642.06647805622.06629515752.06605270762.06575807312.06542020652.06504937362.0646568422.0642545385-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00873.7754.1192.0632.063g1.3094249755-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00866.1653.6482.0642.0632.064837.46507759340
45.0-0.501.00850.3452.6692.0682.06870.33414324990.532399922245
Rotation ()10.1-12.990.01.000.00863.0052.4262.0622.0622.791550258690
f0.020400380163885.7669185061Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)18.18Hydrostatic2.0642.16608968814654.67739332658.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
-0.02-0.000-0.00223776153.8159231.089525179611.4445.9267480786
-0.63-0.02-0.63-12.1210.8555.6962.9499088654
70.3341432499Weight1141.707.324537.652596454474.6822859489
Bet-19 33-35Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00824.1153.3702.1042.0972.1060.96889788682.09093558762.09130265452.09133954842.09104514812.09042839882.08950804022.08831203692.08687672882.08524572712.08346858892.08159931172.07969469252.07781260222.07601022712.07434233162.07285959372.07160706582.07062280522.06993671822.06956965122.06953275732.06982715772.07044390692.07136426552.07256026882.07399557692.07562657862.07740371682.0792729942.08117761322.08305970352.08486207862.08652997412.0880127122.089265242.09024950062.0909355876-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00865.1753.5872.0842.087g1.3741704872-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00863.5853.4882.0702.0842.084806.16946064960
45.0-0.501.00846.3252.4212.0782.08172.35950903870.512504425145
Rotation ()24.6-27.690.01.000.00856.8352.0512.0772.0702.687231535590
f0.010643723964390.2664902713Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)12.90Hydrostatic2.0842.22846513974875.56350177888.24814.27161926140421.0453224799100
2.630.0030.0029102968142.5859514.702988492511.4445.9267480786
0.762.630.76-12.175.3945.6962.9499088654
72.3595090387Weight1130.417.507537.652596454474.6822859489
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
11
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
Y ()
d ()
11
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
Y ()
d ()
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
Y ()
d ()
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
Y ()
d ()
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
Y ()
d ()
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
Y ()
d ()
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
MgO (200)
Chart5
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1.98247672511.9875985712
1.98296498321.9869842924
1.98836315691.9863256148
1.98464831231.9856425518
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1.9830794046
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1.9821671514
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1.9834475448
1.9840618236
1.9847205013
1.9854035642
1.9860902579
1.9867597175
1.9873916018
1.9879667114
1.9884675718
1.9888789647
1.98918839
1.9893864461
1.9894671151
1.9894279458
1.9892701286
1.9889984585
1.9886211901
1.9881497866
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd Uax+Shear Ana
For Wd (240) diffraction
Energy Calibtration
qG'nZhcRh1 keV =AB1B2B3B4B5B6
3-900.02305622940.0647321976.3281262934450.06540214760.0618622676.5258891318(GPa)(K)(GPa)(K)(J s)(m/s)(J/mol K)(J s)(J/K)00.33341-0.125170.016750.0000573568-0.0002723550.0000292863-0.0000009959
-450.06540214760.0618622676.365162162900.03715843640.06070545976.57435588654540.98170.34.761.401.00993106.81.642.273007402997924588.31045160221367000000000000000000J
00.06540214760.0618622676.4200621201180016.5Finger et al. (1993); Li and Liebermann (2000); Suzuki et al. (1980); Fei et al. (1992); Li et al. (2001); Inou et5 al. (2004); Jackson and Rigden (1996); Watanabe (1982); Mayama et al. (2004)
SampleYWd (240)YY
numberCh-90-85-80-75-70-65-60-55-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5051015202530354045505560657075808590()
Bet-19 1Load (ton)0-90.01.00-0.00857.6755.5422.0222.0222.019801560212.0196658212.01966891432.01967810012.01969309942.01971345642.01973855262.01976762542.01979979152.01983407352.01986942982.01990478622.01993906822.01997123432.02000030712.02002540332.02004576032.02006075962.02006994542.02007303872.02006994542.02006075962.02004576032.02002540332.02000030712.01997123432.01993906822.01990478622.01986942982.01983407352.01979979152.01976762542.01973855262.01971345642.01969309942.01967810012.01966891432.019665821-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.4010096267-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00884.8454.8042.0202.0202.0209930
45.0-0.501.00540.98234797163.3145
Rotation ()090.01.000.00882.2653.5952.0172.0173.3190
f012930.7140273963Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)0.00Hydrostatic2.0202.274440038612930.71402739638.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.04-0.00020013459172827.6106.75011.44411.4675761169
0.00-0.040.000.0005.6965.7077344951
540.9823479716Weight1106.750.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 2Load (ton)0-90.01.00-0.00855.8355.4232.0272.0252.02257881491.00248345662.02531916122.02529483692.02522260292.02510465422.02494457442.02474722762.024518612.02426566812.02399608732.02371805882.02344003032.02317044952.02291750762.022688892.02249154312.02233146342.02221351462.02214128072.02211695632.02214128072.02221351462.02233146342.02249154312.022688892.02291750762.02317044952.02344003032.02371805882.02399608732.02426566812.024518612.02474722762.02494457442.02510465422.02522260292.02529483692.0253191612-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.4044889732-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00883.9554.7482.0222.0242.024989.55101247180
45.0-0.501.00542.32585413133.298503374945
Rotation ()090.01.000.00879.2353.4122.0242.0233.298503374990
f-0.000826109412997.164188873Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)-0.42Hydrostatic2.0242.280088511612997.1641888738.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
0.340.0019550996242396.9106.06011.44411.4675761169
0.000.340.00-0.4205.6965.7077344951
542.3258541313Weight1106.060.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 3Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00875.5456.6991.9811.9722.02257881490.92931743771.98221885111.98202599851.98145330061.98051815831.97924898571.97768434571.97587177931.97386636041.97172902251.96952470761.96732039271.96518305481.96317763591.96136506951.95980042951.95853125691.95759611461.95702341671.95683056411.95702341671.95759611461.95853125691.95980042951.96136506951.96317763591.96518305481.96732039271.96952470761.97172902251.97386636041.97587177931.97768434571.97924898571.98051815831.98145330061.98202599851.9822188511-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3019826764-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00913.4756.5751.9571.9741.9741096.36738246570
45.0-0.501.00502.74432943673.654557941645
Rotation ()090.01.000.00897.2454.5051.9841.9753.654557941690
f0.025041880611091.3176343031Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)14.87Hydrostatic1.9742.113676788811091.31763430318.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
3.320.004-10859386028562129.21011.44411.4675761169
0.003.320.0014.8695.6965.7077344951
502.7443294367Weight1129.210.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 4-6Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00883.3157.2021.9631.9592.02257881490.91724903211.96951548741.96985725811.96999081441.96991209811.96962350121.96913379231.96845785121.96761621581.9666344591.96554241081.96437325261.96316250861.96194696681.96076356081.95964824771.95863491571.95775435451.95703331941.95649371881.95615194811.95601839181.9560971081.9563857051.95687541391.9575513551.95839299041.95937474721.96046679541.96163595361.96284669751.96406223931.96524564541.96636095851.96737429051.96825485171.96897588681.9695154874-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00913.9556.6041.9731.975g1.2850747241-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00915.8556.7221.9521.9601.9651115.06231101610
45.0-0.501.00893.7455.3541.9681.970496.21553507433.716874370145
Rotation ()090.01.000.00905.2454.9901.9661.9623.716874370190
f0.029637218610788.385342902Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)18.08Hydrostatic1.9652.08622792410788.3853429028.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
1.770.0020.0025827805133.66011.44411.4675761169
0.691.770.690.0018.0775.6965.7077344951
496.2155350743Weight1133.660.000537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 7Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00873.3756.5581.9861.9792.02257881490.93997217071.9877488321.98760120271.98716280041.98644694581.98547538981.98427765251.98289012661.98135497151.9797188321.97803142131.97634401061.97470787111.97317271591.97178519011.97058745281.96961589681.96890004221.96846163991.96831401061.96846163991.96890004221.96961589681.97058745281.97178519011.97317271591.97470787111.97634401061.97803142131.9797188321.98135497151.98289012661.98427765251.98547538981.98644694581.98716280041.98760120271.987748832-90
Temperature (K)873-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.31691006-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00908.1456.2451.9681.9811.9811080.12303045380
45.0-0.501.00508.50835195071.237254330445
Rotation ()090.01.000.00894.4754.3361.9901.9833.600410101590
f0.021066725293120.6689462333Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)13.63Hydrostatic1.9812.137910340311361.64844133678.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
2.420.003-15894245353728125.4481759.020504896611.44411.4675761169
0.002.42-2.2812.2195.6965.7077344951
508.5083519507Weight1123.151.406537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 8Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.1656.3501.9931.9942.02257881490.95617373451.99188836611.9919043321.99195174431.99202916261.99213423451.99226376751.99241382571.99257984981.99275679511.99293928531.99312177551.99329872091.99346474491.99361480321.99374433611.9938494081.99392682631.99397423871.99399020451.99397423871.99392682631.9938494081.99374433611.99361480321.99346474491.99329872091.99312177551.99293928531.99275679511.99257984981.99241382571.99226376751.99213423451.99202916261.99195174431.9919043321.9918883661-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3396086068-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00896.4355.5211.9941.9931.9931055.88196656030
45.0-0.501.00517.2731119520.671253634245
Rotation ()090.01.000.00894.0454.3101.9911.9913.519606555290
f0.0151639501211573.847900375Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)11.93Hydrostatic1.9932.174759825611777.68228902388.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.24-0.00010248644131006.8119.99199796.16561135111.44411.4675761169
0.00-0.24-5.588.4925.6965.7077344951
517.273111952Weight1114.413.437537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 12Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.3056.3591.9931.9942.02257881490.95571064851.99156126941.99157735751.99162513311.99170314441.99180902121.99193954641.99209075411.992258051.99243635071.99262023891.9928041271.99298242781.99314972361.99330093131.99343145661.99353733331.99361534471.99366312021.99367920841.99366312021.99361534471.99353733331.99343145661.99330093131.99314972361.99298242781.9928041271.99262023891.99243635071.992258051.99209075411.99193954641.99180902121.99170314441.99162513311.99157735751.9915612694-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.3389598189-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00896.5755.5291.9941.9921.9921056.56723228750
45.0-0.501.00517.02259061320.671689276745
Rotation ()090.01.000.00894.1954.3191.9901.9913.521890774390
f0.0153303504211536.930145762Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)12.03Hydrostatic1.9922.173706564311765.7100959648.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.24-0.00010304455236253.1120.14199771.22004979811.44411.4675761169
0.00-0.24-5.588.5945.6965.7077344951
517.0225906132Weight1114.563.436537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 14-16Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.5556.3761.9921.9932.02257881490.95434874721.99085663671.99063698651.990445151.9902869561.99016721111.99008955371.99005634351.99006858941.99012591941.99022659161.9903675471.99054450291.99075208251.99098397861.99123314511.99149201131.99175271171.99200732491.99224811481.99246776491.99265960151.99281779551.99293754041.99301519781.9930484081.99303616211.99297883211.99287815991.99273720451.99256024861.9923526691.99212077291.99187160641.99161274021.99135203981.99109742661.9908566367-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00906.5856.1481.9891.988g1.337051782-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00896.7555.5401.9931.9921.9911058.58512604380
45.0-0.501.00883.0754.6941.9911.991516.28582602610.672972108145
Rotation ()090.01.000.00893.6454.2861.9921.9923.528617086890
f0.0158205013211428.248313556Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)12.33Hydrostatic1.9912.170609001311730.52785629328.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.16-0.000-0.0013315628120.58199697.72045726311.44411.4675761169
-0.31-0.16-0.31-5.588.8955.6965.7077344951
516.2858260261Weight1115.013.435537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 17-19Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00870.7556.3891.9921.9902.02257881490.94728980181.98814978661.98759857121.98698429241.98632561481.98564255181.98495585821.98428639851.98365451421.98307940461.98257854421.98216715141.9818577261.981659671.9815790011.98161817021.98177598741.98204765751.98242492591.98289632951.98344754481.98406182361.98472050131.98540356421.98609025791.98675971751.98739160181.98796671141.98846757181.98887896471.989188391.98938644611.98946711511.98942794581.98927012861.98899845851.98862119011.9881497866-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00909.4256.3241.9821.983g1.3271621315-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00901.4255.8291.9831.9861.9861069.10610153780
45.0-0.501.00884.3954.7761.9881.989512.46706117630.679660585845
Rotation ()1.0-2.790.01.000.00896.7454.4741.9851.9833.563687005190
f0.0183798318210862.310326369Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)13.92Hydrostatic1.9862.154553853311548.82752928788.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
0.620.001-0.0029646756122.93199313.48279708111.44411.4675761169
-0.700.62-0.70-5.5710.4925.6965.7077344951
512.4670611763Weight1117.373.428537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 26-28Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00882.2457.1321.9661.9662.02257881490.93618272981.97892941491.97708425841.97528035831.97357252491.97201265011.97064812981.96952042421.96866379821.96810427991.96785886991.9679350251.96833043111.96903307411.97002160461.97126598651.97272840981.97436443971.97612436621.97795471481.97979987121.98160377141.98331160471.98487147961.98623599991.98736370541.98822033151.98877984981.98902525971.98894910471.98855369851.98785105551.98686252511.98561814321.98415571981.98251968991.98075976351.9789294149-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00913.5956.5821.9731.974g1.3116010168-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00905.4156.0761.9741.9751.9791085.87269943010
45.0-0.501.00881.6254.6041.9951.995506.45833129660.690319580145
Rotation ()10.1-12.990.01.000.00896.7854.4771.9851.9843.619575664890
f0.0224718796209962.87832105Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)16.56Hydrostatic1.9792.129291484111265.19941982258.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
0.120.000-0.0106976355126.76198697.67890122811.44411.4675761169
-2.590.12-2.59-5.5513.1435.6965.7077344951
506.4583312966Weight1121.213.418537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 33-35Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.00891.3957.7251.9461.9472.02257881490.88739980681.94252200751.94309173371.94369430181.9443114031.94492428691.94551433141.94606360841.94655542821.94697484721.94730912161.94754809451.9476845051.94771420831.94763630181.94745315281.9471703261.9467964151.9463427811.94582320741.94525348111.9446509131.94403381181.94342092791.94283088341.94228160651.94178978671.94137036761.94103609331.94079712031.94066070981.94063100651.9407089131.94089206211.94117488891.94154879981.94200243381.9425220075-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.00928.4557.5011.9421.941g1.2432556721-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.40.0-2.000.00916.9456.7891.9491.9471.9441162.68192360590
45.0-0.501.00908.5256.2691.9361.935480.06763108790.739149347545
Rotation ()24.6-27.690.01.000.00914.2955.5401.9471.9483.87560641290
f0.0414484537205881.165372108Mg100Mg90hkldI-180.0
Pressure (GPa)30.43Hydrostatic1.9442.018337650910054.83298741438.24818.26509215050422.0225788149100
-0.48-0.0010.0032274933145.61195826.33238469411.44411.4675761169
0.90-0.480.90-5.4727.0625.6965.7077344951
480.0676310879Weight1140.143.369537.6525964544540.9823479716
Bet-19 17-19Load (ton)49-90.01.00-0.0088056.9871.9711.9732.02257881490.93946020171.97839986341.97776078781.97725556971.97689956011.97670357591.97667357221.97681046051.97711008161.97756333171.97815643891.9788713821.97968643791.98057684141.98151553811.98247400621.98342312311.98433405031.98517910991.98593262511.98657170071.98707691871.98743292841.98762891261.98765891631.9875220281.98722240681.98676915681.98617604961.98546110651.98464605061.98375564711.98281695041.98185848231.98090936541.97999843811.97915337861.9783998634-90
Temperature (K)1573-45.0-0.50-1.0091056.3601.9811.980g1.3161927865-45
Rotation speed (R/day)0.30.0-2.000.0090155.8031.9841.9791.9811080.89805199190
45.0-0.501.0088454.7521.9891.988508.23138576030.687157057845
Rotation ()1.0-2.790.01.000.0089854.5511.9821.9843.602993506690
f0.0212560153210229.423562042Mg100Mg90hkldId-ave-180.0
Pressure (GPa)15.76Hydrostatic1.9812.136745897511348.59840855218.24818.26509215054002.0662730376402.0350628785
-0.91-0.001-0.0040484462125.62198880.82515348911.44411.46757611690422.0225788149100
-0.97-0.91-0.97-5.5512.3435.6965.7077344951
508.2313857603Weight1120.063.421537.6525964544540.9823479716
Wd Uax+Shear Ana
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
MgO Uax+Shear Ana
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Sheet1
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Sheet2
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
Wd (240)
Wd (240)
Y ()
d ()
MgO Uniaxial and shear stress analysis-900.02305622940.0647321976.3281262934450.06540214760.0618622676.5258891318
-450.06540214760.0618622676.365162162900.03715843640.06070545976.5743558865
Energy CalibtrationThermoelastic parameters MgO00.06540214760.0618622676.4200621201180016.5
qG'nZhcRh1 keV =AB1B2B3B4B5B6
3-900.02305622940.0647321976.3281262934450.06540214760.0618622676.5258891318(GPa)(K)(GPa)(K)(J s)(m/s)(J/mol K)(J s)(J/K)00.33341-0.125170.016750.0000573568-0.0002723550.0000292863-0.0000009959
-450.06540214760.0618622676.365162162900.03715843640.06070545976.5743558865474.681604.11.451.70771131.02.202.303002402997924588.31045160221367000000000000000000J
00.06540214760.0618622676.4200621201180016.5Stixrude
SampleYMgO (200)YY
numberCh-90-85-80-75-70-65-60-55-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5051015202530354045505560657075808590()
Bet-19 1Load (ton)0-90.01.00-0.00825.4453.4562.1012.1042.1061.00276919972.10517480892.10523787292.10542514882.10573094632.10614597392.10665762132.10725034212.1079061272.10860505032.10932587542.11004670052.11074562382.11140140872.11199412952.11250577692.11292080452.1132266022.11341387792.1134769422.11341387792.1132266022.11292080452.11250577692.11199412952.11140140872.11074562382.11004670052.10932587542.10860505032.1079061272.10725034212.10665762132.10614597392.10573094632.10542514882.10523787292.1051748089-90
Temperature (K)300-45.0-0.50-1.00g1.4568326915-45
Rotation speed (R/day)00.0-2.000.00845.6952.3822.1132.1082.108767.90739254750
45.0-0.501.0074.88909611652.559691308545
Rotation