Greek and Latin Roots 2
51-63
Mons, Montis Latinmountain
• Mountain – a land mass that rises high above its surroundings
• Mountainous – terrain containing many mountains
• Mount – to rise, ascend; to place or seat oneself upon something
• Insurmountable(in – not, sur – above) – something one cannot rise above
• Amount – a pile or accumulation of anything; the quantity at hand
• Paramount(para – by) – superior to or rising above all others
Bellum Latinwar, combat, fight
• Belligerent – warlike; hostile in intention
• Bellicose – full of fight; combative
• Antebellum(ante – before) – before the war; when capitalized before the American Civil War
Barbaros Greekforeign
• Barbarian – person regarded as uncivilized, savage, or primitive
• Barbarous – uncivilized, savage, cruel, harsh
• Barbaric – lacking civilizing influences; primitive
• Barbarism – uncivilized state or condition
• Barbarity – brutal conduct; act of cruelty; crudeness or style
Humus Latinearth, soil
• Humus – dark organic matter in soils partially containing decomposed vegetable or animal material
• Humiliate – to make someone feel low
• Humble – near to ground not high or pretentious
• Humility – a spirit of lowliness; lack of pretension
Folium Latinleaf
• Foliage – the leaves of a plant or tree
• Folio – a leaf of paper (either loose or in a bound volume)
• Portfolio(porto – carry) – a case for carrying loose sheets of paper, music, or art
• Exfoliate(ex – away from) – to cast off or shed leaves or layers
• Defoliate(de – down from) – to strip off leaves
Sal, Salis LatinSalt
• Salt – a substance which occurs in nature both in solution and in crystalline form, known chemically as sodium chloride(NaCl)
• Salary – fixed payment made periodically to a person for regular work
• Saline – like salt, very salty• Desalinate(de – away from) – to
remove salt from water or land• Salami – a variety of sausage
highly salted and flavored, originally Italian
Mare Latinsea, ocean
• Marine(adj) of, or relating to, the sea; (n) a sea-soldier
• Marina – a dock or basin offering safe mooring for boats
• Mariner – a person who navigates a ship; a sailor
• Maritime – of, or relating to, navigation or commerce on the sea
• Submarine(sub – under) – ship which goes under water in the ocean
Naus Greekship, boat
• Nautical – pertaining to ships• Aeronaut(aero – air) – an early
name for an aviator; airplane pilot• Astronaut(astron – star) – one who
sails out towards the stars• Nautilus – a sea creature which
forms new chambers in a spiral formation as it grows
• Nausea – seasickness caused by the motion of a boat
• Argonauts – heroes in Greek mythology who sailed with Jason on his ship, the Argo, in search of the Golden Fleece
Navis Latinship, boat
• Navy – the maritime section of a nation’s defense; the ships and those who manage them
• Naval – pertaining to ships and those who build, sail, and manage them
• Navigate(ago – do, drive) – to determine the route a ship must take to a destination; to direct the course of a ship or any vehicle
• Navigation – the process of guiding a ship uon the sea
• Navigable – body of water deep enough to allow movement of ships
• Circumnavigate(circum – around) – to sail completely around a land mass or the world
Homos Greeksame, common, joint
• Homonym(onyma – name) – words having the same sound or pronunciation but different spelling and meaning
• Homogeneous(genos – race or kind) – same kind or nature
• Homogenize – to make homogeneous or the same throughout
• Homosexual – attraction to the same sex
HeterosGreekother, different
• Heterogeneous(genos – race, kind) – different kind or nature
• Heterography(graph – write) – spelling different from that which is correct in current usage, spelled wrong
• Heteronomy(nomos – law) – not self-governing(opposite of autonomy)
• Heterosexual – attraction for the opposite sex
Cardo, cardinis Latinhinge
• Cardinal – essential, main; a songbird with bright red feathers
• Cardinal numbers – one, two, three, four, etc
• Cardinal points(compass) – north, south, east, west
• Cardinal winds – winds blowing from one of the cardinal points of the compass
• Cardinal – one rank of priests in the Catholic Church
Porta Latindoor, gate, entry
• Port – a harbor for boats at the shore of a city; the left side of a ship, as one faces forward; a place to connect pieces of a computer
• Airport – a place where airplanes land and take off
• Portal – doorway or gateway of stately or elaborate construction; any kind of entryway
• Porthole – small opening in the side of a ship to let light in or air
• Porch – a covered area around the entrance to a house
• Portcullis(Old French coulies – sliding) – vertically sliding castle door