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Exhibition Hall 4A
Technical
Programme
Fachprogramm
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2006 Specialty Materials Senior Leadership Meeting
R410A and R22 low GWP alternatives for A/C
Focus on high ambient performances
Dr. Jean de BERNARDI, Dr. Abdenacer ACHAICHIA
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Snapshot
• T1 reflects traditional
A/C conditions
• Increasing Tcond
ratings = need high
Tcritical refrigerants
• Increasing Pressure
ratio ratings =
compressors Heat
Pump optimization
needed for cooling
mode
Middle East is an evolving market
L T R E F R I
M
T R E F R I
A / C
HEATING FLOORS
HP REVERSIBLE + SHW
HP RENOVATION 2
HP RENOVATION 1
Typical
R410A MAP
T3(H)
T3
T1
• R22 will be banned in pre-charged equipment in Saudi from 2015 / UAE should follow
• New EERs for ACs to be implemented from Jan’15 in all ME: new rating conditions
• R407C, R410A show a decline in efficiency at high ambient temperatures
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Solstice®
HFO’s – low and medium pressure applicat ions
Current ProductNon Flammable
(ASHRAE A1)
Mildly Flammable(ASHRAE A2L)
Examples of Potential
Appl ications
R-134aGWP=1300
Solst ice yf GWP <1
Auto A/C, Vending, Refr igerators
Solstice zeGWP <1
Chillers, CO2 CascadesRefrigerators
R-123GWP= 79
Solstice zdGWP =1
Centrifugal Chillers
High temperature heat pumps
Honeywell’s Solstice® low GWP refrigerants
Solstice® HFO Blends
Current Product
Solstice® N Series
Reduced GWP Option
Non Flammable (ASHRAE
A1)
Solstice® L Series
Lowest GWP Option
Mildly Flammable (ASHRAE
A2L)
Examples of Potential
Appl ications
R-134aGWP=1300
N13 (R-450A)GWP = 547
Chillers, Med-temp
Refrigeration
R-22GWP=1760
N-20GWP = 891
L20 (R-444B)GWP = 295
Stationary A/C, Refrigeration
R-404AGWP=3943
N40 (R-448A)GWP = 1273
HDR 110GWP <150
Low-Temp Refrigeration
R-410AGWP=1924
L41 (R-447A)GWP = 572
Stationary A/C Applications
Note: All GWP values use the latest assessment from the ICCP, “AR5”
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R22
like
R410A
like
Tcr =96oC
Tcr =71oC
Condensation
Evaporation
CompressionExpansion
Condensation
Evaporation
Compression
Expansion
Impact of Tcritical at High Ambient Conditions
More efficient as cycle
operates away from
crit ical temperature
Less efficient as cycle
operates close to cri tical
temperature
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Condenser subcooling = 5oC; condenser TD = 10oC; Evaporating temperature = +10°C; evaporator exi t superheat = 5oC;
suction line superheat = 0oC; volumetric efficiency = 100%; isentropic efficiency = 70%; Capacity equalized at 35oC ambient.
Thermodynamic Performance
Fluid Properties Perf. at 46oC
NameGWP Tcrit
(oC)Glide(oC) Cap. Eff. Td (oC)
R22 1760 96 0.0 100% 100% 94
R407C 1624 86 4.7 97% 96% 86
L20 295 92 7.0 98% 98% 94
N20 891 94 4.9 96% 97% 79
R410A 1924 71 0.1 96% 90% 90
L41 461 84 4.3 98% 95% 100
R32 677 78 0.0 99% 94% 110
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R22 Replacement
Solstice® L20 (R-444B)
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Solstice® L20 (R-444B) as R22 replacement
7.0 kW Cooling only system with nominal COP of 3.0
Capillary tube designed for L20 & R407C
The circuitry of heat exchangers were modified to accountfor the glide and obtain better matching of temperature
profiles of the air and the refrigerant with no cost increase
L20 shows similar capacity and efficiency relative to
R22 over range of ambient temperatures observed inwarm climates
L20 shows 4% to 5% higher efficiency than R407C
L20 has 20% lower mass flow than R22 which leads to
lower pressure drop in the system and offers potentialfor further improvement in performance
L20 reduces the direct emissions substantially due tolower GWP (295) and lower charge (85%)
Performance Results
52
5235
35
46
46
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System meets new efficiency requirements for the Middle East
Overall, Solstice® L20 (R-444B) offers 12% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to R22
LCCP for Middle East Conditions
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Drop In performance shows similar capacity (99%) and COP (100%) and lower mass flow (80%)
L20 shows higher efficiency (103%) when heat exchangers circuitry modified to increase mass
velocity.
Air Cooled Chillers- R407C Replacement
Solstice® L20 (R-444B)
Drop‐In
Modified
Circuitry
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R410A Replacement
Solstice® L41 (R-447A)
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• Higher efficiency achieved for both heating andcooling modes relative to R410A
• ~11% higher displacement compressor required tomatch R410A capacity
• Discharge temperature was slightly higher with L-41 (~11oC) but well below maximum permissibleand below temperatures typically seen with R-32
Performance Results
Solstice® L41 (R-447A) in Mini-Split
Test condi tions based on ISO Std. 5151
• Honeywell Labs in Shanghai: Reversible splitsystem of 3.6 kW Cooling / 5.0 kW Heating
• Compressor displacement tested: 10.2 & 11.3cc
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Solstice® L41 reduces overall CO2 emissions by 3% in Southern Europe compared to R410A
LCCP for Southern Europe Conditions
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Solstice® L41 (R-447A) in Air Cooled Chillers
Drop In performance in a 70 kW chiller shows lower capacity (90%), slightly higher COP (103%)
and lower mass flow (69%)
Heat exchangers circuitry modified to increase mass velocity
Shows performance similar to R410A by using a 13% larger compressor displacement
Drop‐In
Modified Circuitry
Larger Compressor
Ai r temperature 35 oC, Water cooled from 12 oC to 7 oC, Superheat and subcooling of 5 oC
Compressor Isentropic and Volumetric efficiency constant
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Refrigerant / Oil Miscibility
Most current system designs assume that the refrigerant and oil aremiscible (one liquid layer).
Immiscibility can lead to oil logging in various parts of the system and can
lead to poor oil return to the compressor or an oil slug to enter the
compressor.Unlike R-32, Solstice® L41 (R-447A) has no immiscible region for all
likely operating temperatures of the A/C or heat pump.
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
T e m p e r a t u r e ( ° C )
Liquid Refrigerant Mass Fraction (g/g)
Miscib ility R410A with POE ISO 68
neatrefrigerant
Miscible
Immiscible
mixture 80% refrigerant/oilseparates at 34
C and at 5
C
Immiscible
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
T e m p e r a t u r e ( ° C )
Liquid Refrigerant Mass Fraction (g/g)
Miscibility R32 with POE ISO 68
neatrefrigerant
Immiscible M i s c i b l e
M i s c i b l e
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
T e m p e r a t u r e ( ° C )
Liquid Refrigerant Mass Fraction (g/g)
Miscibilit y L41 with POE ISO 68
neat
refrigerant
Miscible
separation at 76
C for 70%refrigerant/oil mixture and at
-20
C inc older temperatures
Immiscible
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Summary & Conclusions
Honeywell has developed a family of Low GWP Refrigerants to replace
today’s most common refrigerants in auto & stationary a/c and refrigeration
applications.
Solstice® L20 (R-444B) offers low GWP and superior performance for hotclimates.
Latest R-410A replacement, Solstice® L41 (R-447A) offers comparable
performance to both R-410A and R-32 but avoids the issues of high
discharge temperature and poor miscibility with existing lubricants that is
associated with R-32 while offering lower GWP.
We are continuing to work closely with industry to evaluate these products
in a broad range of stationary air conditioning applications. HFO’s and HFO blends should be considered as part of the solution to transition
away from high GWP refrigerants.
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DISCLAIMER
Although al l statements and information contained herein are bel ieved to be accurate and reliable, they are presented wi thout guarantee or
warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its
own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results obtained. Statements or
suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation o r warranty that any such use is free of patent
infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures
are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.
Thank you!!!
Questions?
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Exhibition Hall 4A
TechnicalProgramme
Fachprogramm