Hoofed mammals
Ungulates
• Ungulates: Refer to mammals with hooves
• Artiodactyla:_________
• Perissodactyla: __________
Hoofed mammals (ungulates)
Order_______________
Order _______________
Weight borne on one central toe Weight shared between two central toes
Hoof a modified nail?
___________, ________, and _______ are all composed of two structures: the _________(a scale-like plate; our
finger- and toe-nails) and the ___________(a softer layer, found as a very fine layer on the underside of our
fingernails) which connect the unguis to the pad of the digit.
Hoof a good modification?
_______________________________________________________
Over _______ species
Skulls of ungulatesSkulls of ungulates
Equus - horse
Perissodactyla
Artiodactyla
Ovis - sheep
Sus - pigCamelus - camel
Perissodactyla
Contains17 Recent species in three families: Equidae (__________), Tapiridae (________),
Rhinocerotidae (______________)
Perissodactyls: ________examples
Equus asinusFeral donkey
Equus caballusFeral horse (Mustang)
Przewalski’s Horse
3 speciesZebra
Perrisodatyles are___________
Unique digestive system and dentition to suit their diet.
Special ________in their __________ to digest cellulose.
Horse skull
Long diastema
Canines large in males, small or
absent in females
Cusps of cheekteeth joined by ridges
Equidae: True wild horses are called the_____________ Horses: http://animal.discover
y.com/videos/jaws-and-claws-2-wild-horses.html
True wild horses do not look like the domesticated horse which has been bred by humans for over 4,000 years.
Equidae: Zebra’s
3 species: ________ ________ ________
http://animal.discovery.com/videos/growing-up-zebra-baby-zebra.html
Perissodactyl: Tapiridae(_______)
Average life span in the wild:25 to 30 years
________:Height at shoulder, 29 to 42 inches
_______:500 to 800 lbs _______:Endangered
Perissodactyl: Tapiridae(_____)
Mountain Tapirs
Malayan Tapir
Lowland Tapir
Bairds Tapir
Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (___________)
_________:Endangered DESCRIPTION: There are ______species of rhinos The _______species: white and black
rhinos. _________rhinos include the Indian and
the Javan The five species range in weight from
_____pounds to _______ pounds and stand anywhere from four and a half to six feet tall.
Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceros)
_______________:
Black Rhino: ______ White Rhino: _____Sumatran Rhino: ___Javan Rhino: fewer than ________Indian Rhino: more than ______
Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (_____________)
Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceros) _________: 35 years.
____________: Rhino habitat ranges
from savannas to dense forests in tropical and subtropical regions.
Artiodactyla
Artiodactyls are the most________, ______, __________ mammals alive today. They are the fifth largest order of mammals, consisting of approximately 210 species.
______________________Artiodactyla
1 Domestic Cow Ruminantia 2 Cape Buffalo Ruminantia3 White-tailed Deer Ruminantia 4 Pygmy Hippopo5 Caribou Ruminantia6 Giraffe Ruminantia 7Hippopotamus (Hippopotaminae)8South American LamaTylopoda 9White-lipped PeccaryTayassuidae10 Common Warthog Suidae 11Domestic Pig Suidae 12 Camel Tylopoda 13 Collared Peccary 14 Bison Ruminantia
________________________Upper incisors absent, replaced in life by a hard pad on which lower incisors bite
_____________(non ruminants)
Male canines curl upward
Artiodactyla: ___________
• _____________________________
• Most are Ruminants• Digestion in
ruminants occurs sequentially in a ______________
• ______________
• Compared to the perissodactyla
Artiodactyla have cloven feet.
Why the difference?
artiodactyls - 1
Capra hircus – goat
Camelus dromedarius – camel
Cervus timorensis - rusa
Sus scrofa – pig
artiodactyls - 2Antilope cervicapra
- blackbuck
Bubalus bubalis – buffalo
Bos taurus x Bos indicus – cattle
Bos javanicus – banteng
And finally, Cetacea
Two suborders:– ____________
Baleen whales• Right whales• Rorquals
– ___________– Toothed whales
• Sperm whales• Dolphins
How can whales be related to artiodactyla?
• Astragali of the Eocene protocetids (left) and Artiocetus clavis (right), as compared to that of the pronghorn Antilocapra americana (centre). Note the distinct double-pulley shape.
_______________________now indicates clearly that cetaceans are actually
artiodactyls that have become totally aquatic
________
Balaena australisSouthern Right While
Balaenopteridae - Rorquals
Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback
Balaenoptera physalus – Fin whale
Balaenidae – Right whales
_________________________Long, fine baleen of Blue Whale, suitable for filtering krill (tiny crustaceans)
Short, coarse baleen of Minke Whale, suitable for trapping small fish
Baleen hangs down from palate
Grooves on throat of rorquals are normally pulled tight to make mouth into a beak
But when feeding, the whale relaxes
the grooves and takes in gallons of
water, which it pushes through the baleen and expels,
filtering out the prey
But when feeding, the whale relaxes
the grooves and takes in gallons of
water, which it pushes through the baleen and expels,
filtering out the prey
Balaenoptera musculus – Blue whale
________________________Delphinus
delphis – Common
dolphin
Orcinus orca – Orca or Killer whale
Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm whale
Homodont (teeth all alike) usually dozens
in each jawSperm whale tooth