DRAFT EIA/EMP REPORT
Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
JULY 2013
Submitted by:
M/s Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited
Joginder Nagar, District-Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EIA Consultant:
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. INDIA
304-305, 3rd Floor, Plot No. 16, Rishabh Corporate Tower,
Community Centre, Karkardooma, Delhi – 110092
Phone: 011-30003200, 30003219; Fax: 011-22374775
Website: www.eqmsindia.com ; E-mail – [email protected]
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 2
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Preamble ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.2. Purpose of the Report ......................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Identification of Project & Project Proponent ....................................................................... 7 1.4. Brief description of nature, size and location of the project ................................................. 8 1.5. Salient Features of the Project .......................................................................................... 13 1.6. Need for the project and its importance to the country or region ....................................... 14 1.7. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework .................................................................... 14 1.8. Scoping Of the Project ...................................................................................................... 16 1.9. Environmental Framework of the State ............................................................................. 17 1.10. Himachal Pradesh State Forest Policy .............................................................................. 18 1.11. HP State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB) .................................................................... 18 1.12. Public Hearing .................................................................................................................. 19 1.13. Compliance of ToR ........................................................................................................... 19
Chapter 2. : PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 24 2.1. General............................................................................................................................. 24 2.2. Type of Project ................................................................................................................. 24 2.3. Need for the Project .......................................................................................................... 25 2.4. Location, Project Boundary and Project Site Layout ......................................................... 25 2.5. Size or magnitude of Operation ........................................................................................ 26 2.6. Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation ...................................................... 26 2.7. Technology and Process Description ................................................................................ 27 2.8. Project Description ........................................................................................................... 28 2.9. Assessment of New and Un-tested technology ................................................................. 33 2.10. Site Elevation, Working Depth and Groundwater Table .................................................... 34 2.11. Terms and conditions imposed by Director of Industries, H.P. .......................................... 35 2.12. Statutory / Necessary Approvals. ...................................................................................... 39
Chapter 3. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .............................................................. 40 3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 40 3.2. Topography and Drainage ................................................................................................ 43 3.3. Geology and Hydrogeology .............................................................................................. 58 3.4. Meteorology ...................................................................................................................... 62 3.5. Air Quality ......................................................................................................................... 71 3.6. Water Quality .................................................................................................................... 79 3.7. Soil Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 89 3.8. Noise Environment ........................................................................................................... 94 3.9. Biological Environment ..................................................................................................... 98 3.10. Socio-economic Environment ......................................................................................... 106 3.11. Crop Rotation ................................................................................................................. 116
Chapter 4. : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 117 4.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 117 4.2. Impacts on Topography And Drainage ........................................................................... 117 4.3. Land Environment .......................................................................................................... 118 4.4. Impacts on Climate ......................................................................................................... 119 4.5. Water Environment ......................................................................................................... 119 4.6. Noise And Vibration ........................................................................................................ 121 4.7. Input for the model .......................................................................................................... 123 4.8. Impacts on Air Environment ............................................................................................ 124
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 3
4.9. Biological Environment ................................................................................................... 126 4.10. Impact on Socio-Economic Environment ........................................................................ 128
Chapter 5. : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................... 130 5.1. General........................................................................................................................... 130 5.2. Alternative Sites .............................................................................................................. 130 5.3. Alternative Technology ................................................................................................... 130
Chapter 6. : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ............................................... 132 6.1. General........................................................................................................................... 132 6.2. Areas of concern ............................................................................................................ 132 6.3. Environmental Monitoring ............................................................................................... 132 6.4. Environmental Monitoring Programme ............................................................................ 132 6.5. Environment Management Group ................................................................................... 136 6.6. Environment Policy/Violations of Environment Norms/ Hierarchal System ...................... 137 6.7. Cost of Environment Monitoring Plan .............................................................................. 138
Chapter 7. : ADDITIONAL STUDIES ........................................................................................ 140 7.1. General........................................................................................................................... 140 7.2. Public Consultation ......................................................................................................... 140 7.3. Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 140 7.4. Inundation ....................................................................................................................... 141 7.5. Disaster Due To Failure Of Pit Slope .............................................................................. 141 7.6. Disaster Due To Failure Of Mine Waste Dump ............................................................... 142 7.7. Disaster Due To Surface Fire ......................................................................................... 142 7.8. Disaster Management Plan............................................................................................. 142 7.9. Occupational Health and Safety ..................................................................................... 142 7.10. Social Impact Assessment .............................................................................................. 143
Chapter 8. : PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................... 144 8.1. General........................................................................................................................... 144 8.2. Employment Potential ..................................................................................................... 144 8.3. State Exchequer ............................................................................................................. 144 8.4. Betterment of Trade and Commerce ............................................................................... 144
Chapter 9. : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................... 145 9.1. General........................................................................................................................... 145 9.2. Pollution Control Measures ............................................................................................. 145 9.3. Green Belt development plan ......................................................................................... 149 9.4. Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................... 151 9.5. Occupational Health Management Plan .......................................................................... 152
List of Tables
Table 1.1 : Salient Features of the Project ................................................................................13 Table 1.2 : Key Environmental Legislations ...............................................................................15 Table 1.3 : Environmental Framework of State Government .....................................................17 Table 1.4 : Compliance of ToR ..................................................................................................19 Table 2.1 : Annual Production Schedule ...................................................................................27 Table 2.2 : Daily Water Requirement ........................................................................................28 Table 2.3 : Year-wise Production ..............................................................................................29 Table 2.4 : Year-wise Production of raw - material ....................................................................30 Table 2.5 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste .......................................................................32 Table 2.6 : Conditions imposed by Director of Industries ...........................................................35 Table 3.1 : Land Use Details of Core Zone ...............................................................................43 Table 3.2 : Land use details of study area .................................................................................47
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 4
Table 3.3 : Geological succession of the formations in and around the Mine lease area ...........58 Table 3.4 : Climatological Data Station: IMD, Dharamshala (1960-1990) ..................................64 Table 3.5 : Monthly Rain Fall Data Observed at Joginder Nagar Tehsil (2012) .........................67 Table 3.6 : Site Specific Meteorological Data ............................................................................69 Table 3.7 : Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ................................................72 Table 3.8 : Ambient Air Quality results (µg/m3) .........................................................................76 Table 3.9 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ............................................................78 Table 3.10 : Water Sampling Locations .....................................................................................80 Table 3.11 : Physico chemical and Biological Characteristics of Surface Water ........................82 Table 3.12 : Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Ground water ..........................83 Table 3.13 : Ten daily Flow Series ............................................................................................85 Table 3.14 : Monthly Sediment Load (ha.m.) of the Beas at Thalout .........................................87 Table 3.15 : Details of Soil Sampling Locations .........................................................................91 Table 3.16 : Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Soil of the Study area ...............................91 Table 3.17 : Details of Noise Monitoring Locations ....................................................................96 Table 3.18 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area ..................................................................96 Table 3.19 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area ..................................................................97 Table 3.20 : Floral Species (At river bank Site) ....................................................................... 100 Table 3.21 : Floral Species (Up Stream & Down Stream of lease area) .................................. 101 Table 3.22 : Important value index (Herb) ............................................................................... 101 Table 3.23 : Inventory of forests within 10km radius of ML area .............................................. 102 Table 3.24 : Birds sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area .................. 103 Table 3.25 : Mammals sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area .......... 103 Table 3.26 : Butterflies sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area .......... 104 Table 3.27 : Reptiles sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area ............. 104 Table 3.28 : Amphibians sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area ....... 104 Table 3.29 : List of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in the study area ..................................... 105 Table 3.30 : Macro-invertebrate inventory as observed in various sites .................................. 105 Table 3.31 : Fish Fauna in the influence area ......................................................................... 106 Table 3.32 : Distribution of population by workers and non-workers ........................................ 106 Table 3.33 : Demography of the study area ............................................................................ 107 Table 3.34 : List of SC/ST Population (Tehsil-wise) ................................................................ 108 Table 3.35 : Male and Female Literates/Illiterates (Tehsil-wise) .............................................. 110 Table 3.36 : Demographic profile of the zone of influence ....................................................... 112 Table 3.37 : Caste distribution pattern in influence zone ......................................................... 113 Table 3.38 : Availably of various level educational facilities ..................................................... 114 Table 3.39 : Location of Hospitals and PHC ............................................................................ 115 Table 3.40 : Occupational profile of people in project area ...................................................... 115 Table 4.1 : Predicted Noise Levels .......................................................................................... 123 Table 6.1 : National River Water Quality Standards for Different Uses*.................................. 134 Table 6.2 : Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters will be monitored ...................... 136 Table 6.3 : Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme .............................................. 138 Table 9.1 : Expenditure under LADA works (upto 15-05-2013) ............................................... 148 Table 9.2 : Estimate-wise expenditure under LADA works carried out in gram panchayat Balh
........................................................................................................................................ 148 Table 9.3 : Budget for green belt development plan (Rs. in lakhs)........................................... 150 Table 9.4 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste ..................................................................... 152 Table 9.5 : Cost Estimate ........................................................................................................ 154 Table 9.6 : Cost estimate of soil conservation works (engineering) ......................................... 155 Table 9.7 Total capital cost of project ..................................................................................... 156 Table 9.8 : Total cost of environmental management plan ...................................................... 156
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 5
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 : Index Map of mine lease area in district Mandi ......................................................10 Figure 1.2 : Location of mine area in Toposheet no. 53 A/9 ......................................................11 Figure 1.3 : Satellite view of the Project ....................................................................................12 Figure 1.4 : Pictorial view of the mine lease area ......................................................................13 Figure 2.1 : Surface area Plan of Mine lease area ....................................................................26 Figure 2.2 : Year-wise Production Plan ....................................................................................31 Figure 2.3 : Schematic Diagram of Mine Working. ....................................................................34 Figure 3.1 : Topographic Map of Study Area .............................................................................41 Figure 3.2 : Satellite Imagery of study area ...............................................................................42 Figure 3.3 : DEM of the Study Area ...........................................................................................45 Figure 3.4 : Slope Map of the Study Area ..................................................................................46 Figure 3.5 : Land use Map of Study Area ..................................................................................48 Figure 3.6 : Soil Map of Study Area ...........................................................................................51 Figure 3.7 : Catchment Area Map of Rana Khad upto G&D site Bagla ......................................53 Figure 3.8 : Longitudinal Section of Rana Khad (at Bagla Site) .................................................55 Figure 3.9 : Drainage Map of the Study Area ............................................................................57 Figure 3.10 : Regional geology map of Himachal Pradesh ........................................................59 Figure 3.11 : Geological Map of mine lease area ......................................................................60 Figure 3.12 : Hydrogeological Map of Mandi district ..................................................................62 Figure 3.13 : Site Specific Windrose Diagram (Winter) ..............................................................71 Figure 3.14 : Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations .............................................73 Figure 3.15 : Water Quality Sampling Locations ........................................................................80 Figure 3.16 : Riverbed material in mine area .............................................................................89 Figure 3.17 : Soil Quality Sampling Locations ...........................................................................90 Figure 3.18 : Noise Sampling Locations ....................................................................................95 Figure 3.19 : Map of Himachal Pradesh showing forest cover in its various districts (SFR, 2011)
..........................................................................................................................................99 Figure 3.20 : Tehsil-wise Male Female Population of the Study Area ...................................... 108 Figure 3.21 : Tehsil-wise SC Population in Study Area ........................................................... 109 Figure 3.22 : Tehsil-wise ST Population in Study Area ............................................................ 110 Figure 3.23 Gender-wise Distribution of Illiteracy in Study Area .............................................. 111 Figure 3.24 : Occupational Scenario ....................................................................................... 111 Figure 6.1 : Hierarchical Administrative Setup ......................................................................... 138 Figure 9.1 : Environment Management Plan ........................................................................... 151
List of Annexures
Annexure I : Mine Lease Deed Annexure II: Forest Clearance Letter Annexure III: Lease Renewal Letter Annexure IV: NOC from Village Panchayat Annexure V: NOC from IPH Department Annexure VI: Approved Mine Plan Annexure VII : Inventory of Forests Annexure VIII: Certificate of DFO
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 6
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Preamble
The middle course of a mountainous river presents a less steep bed slope and is
characterised by landform features like river cliffs and river beaches. It is in this course,
the river begins to meander and the valley sides are less steep. The rock material, which
are eroded due to hydraulic and abrasive action of flow water with large velocities, are
attritioned and transported in the upper reach of a river, are deposed as fluvial deposit in
the upper reach of the middle course. The composition and structure of the alluvium
differ substantially based on the hydraulic regime of flow, the discharge, the relief, the
drainage system and the rock composition of riverbed and banks. In mountain rivers the
alluvium predominantly comprises of boulder, cobbles, pebbles and fine drained soil
consisting of mud, silt and sand and is more often than not deposited on the inside
bends (convex banks), where the water flows more slowly and has less power to
transport the bed/sedimentary load.
Rivers and streams by far have been the most lucrative and attractive source for
extracting large volume of building materials such as boulders, stone , pebbles, sand
and gravel for a variety of construction activities. Following are some advantages of
using river sediments as compared to the crushing of rock-mass from rock-in-situ
quarries.
Due to attrition, the material is already granulated and rounded, well sorted and
generally clean
Sediments can easily be collected / extracted by digging less deep pits in active
channel or dry river beds of upper terraces
Invariably free from weak materials and interstitial loose / fine material.
Not far from cities or market as the civilization has developed near the bank of rivers
Require comparatively less processing.
Natural replenishment takes place annually due to transportation of sediments from
upper course/reaches during high stage of river, which is achieved a number of times
during monsoon
1.2. Purpose of the Report
Mining activities invariably affect the existing environmental equilibrium of the site with
both adverse and beneficial effects. Exploitation of mineral deposits, occurring in specific
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 7
sites, does not leave any choice but to adoption of eco-friendly mining methods
compatible with project economics. For sustainable maintenance of environmental
commensuration with the mining and related operation, it is imperative to conduct
studies on the baseline status of existing environmental attributes and assess the impact
on these due to proposed activities, which would assist in formulating well-addressed
management plans for sustainable mineral extraction within life of mine.
The main purpose of the report is to establish the baseline environmental attributes in
terms of scoping clearance issued by the SEAC, Himachal Pradesh, vide meeting held
on 1.1.2013 and predict identify the impacts for preparing eco-friendly management
plan.
1.3. Identification of Project & Project Proponent
Stone/Sand/Bajri Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Vikas
Nigam Limited executed the original leas deed on 12.05.2008 (Annexure-I), for a period
of five years, which has expired. The corporation has applied for renewal of lease and
the case is pending with the state government.
The Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited has been formed for execution of the works
of UHL Stage III HEP (100 MW) which originally was envisaged for utilisation of the tail
water of Uhl stage-I (Shanan) and Uhl stage-II with installed capacity 70 mw. Later more
surveys were conducted to enhance the installed capacity of the project to 100 mw by
adding the water of Neri and Rana rivulets after desilting. The water would be carried
through hydel channels to the Bagla reservoir to meet the peak-load demand during the
lean season.
The water would further be carried to the tunnel intake through a 398 metre-long
aqueduct over the Rana Khad and then through a 8.27 km-long tunnel to a 36.50 metre
high surge shaft. Three generators of 33.33-MW each would be installed at the
powerhouse near Chullah.
For meeting a part of the huge demand of construction material, like coarse aggregate
(3.62 lac cum) and fine aggregate (1.81 lac cum) required in concrete works of various
components of the project, the natural available materials in shoal deposits of Rana
Khad at riverbed quarry site at Dart Bagla was found suitable from techno-economic
consideration for works like trench weir, W.C.S. Rana Intake to reservoir, W.C.S. Intake
to reservoir, Desilting tank, khudder storage reservoir and part of HRT. Apart from this,
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 8
the quarry site was also used for obtaining stone aggregate material during the
construction of UHL stage – II project (Bassi Power house (60 MW)). Therefore, the
project proponent has sought the lease of the land for mining of stone/sand/bajri from
this quarry site for consumptive use in their project.
1.4. Brief description of nature, size and location of the project
1.4.1. Brief description nature and size of the project
. The project has been proposed for a maximum annual production of 15000 Metric
Tonne of stone/sand/bajri by open cast manual extraction method in river bed. The lease
area (2.7346 ha) is forestland for diversion of which permission has already been
accorded vide MoEF letter no. 9-HPC410/2005-CHA/10458 Dated 2-11-2007
(Annexure II). With mining depth of one meter, the estimated net geological reserves
have been assessed as 61530 metric tonne of stone/sand/bajri, out of which 29250
metric tonne are mineable, without consideration of replenishment. The project has no
other interlinked project. The working cum Environment Management Plan as warranted
with the Geological the qualified person, registered Wing of Department of Industries, by
the competent Authority, Himachal Pradesh under Section 21(2-A) 4 (II & III) has been
prepared by and the same has been approved authorised for approval of mining plans
under 22(4A) of Mineral Concession Rules.
Though the project activity with extent of mine lease being less than 5 ha does not fall in
any category as defined under relevant schedule of MoEF notification dated 14th
September , 2006 and amendment dated 1st December 2009. Yet in view of orders
passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in SLP (C) No. 19628-19629 of 2009 Dated 27-
02-2012 and the orders by the Hon’ble High Court of H.P. in CWP No. 9/2011 dated 15-
06-2012, the mining areas less than 5 ha also need environmental clearance. The
SEAC, Himachal Pradesh, considered and categorized the project as B-1and desired
that 1960. The copy of the working cum environmental management plan is enclosed as
Annexure- III EIA/EMP be submitted after conducting public hearing.
1.4.2. Location and Approach to the project
The mine lease area falls in Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwari Circle Chattar, Joginder
Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. It is located at about 8 km South of Joginder Nagar,
on Rana Khad approachable from SH-19 through a link road to Dart. Geographical
location of mine lease area is covered under Survey of India Toposheet No. 53A/13. The
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 9
index Location Map of mine site falling in district Mandi is enclosed as Figure 1.1. The
location of mine area is marked in toposheet no 53A/9 and the high resolution satellite
image is shown in Figure 1.2 and 1.3 respectively. The pictorial view of the mine site is
shown in Figure 1.4.
1.4.3. Status of Litigation against project
There are no litigations/court cases pending against the project as informed by the
project proponent.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 10
Figure 1.1 : Index Map of mine lease area in district Mandi
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 11
Figure 1.2 : Location of mine area in Toposheet no. 53 A/9
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 12
Figure 1.3 : Satellite view of the Project
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 13
Figure 1.4 : Pictorial view of the mine lease area
1.5. Salient Features of the Project
The salient features of the project are given in Table 1.1,
Table 1.1 : Salient Features of the Project
Project name Stone/ Sand/ Bajri Mine
Location of mine Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
Latitude 31057’19.5”N to 31057’51.9”N
Longitude 76046’25.44”E to7604629.2”E
Topo sheet number 53A/13
Land use Forest land
Minerals of mine Stone/Sand/Bajri
Total geological reserves 61530 metric tonnes
Total mineable reserves 29250metric tonnes
Life of mine Continuous due to annual replenishment
Proposed annual production of mine 15000 metric tonnes(mmaxium)
Method of mining Open-cast Manual
No of working days in a year 270
Water demand 1.5 KLD
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 14
Sources of water Tap water/ Rana khad water
Man power 25
Nearest railway station Joginder Nagar (8 km)
Nearest state highway/national highway
SH- 19 / NH-154
Nearest Forests Banon PF (West 1km) and Siyuri PF (East 3.5km)
Nearest air port Gaggal (68 km)
Seismic zone Zone-IV (As per 1893:2002)
1.6. Need for the project and its importance to the country or region
For meeting the huge demand of construction, material like coarse and fine aggregate
require in concrete works of various head reach components of the project, the natural
available materials in shoal deposits of Rana Khad at riverbed quarry site at Dart Bagla
was found suitable from techno-economic consideration.
Considering the huge growth of peak electricity demand and anticipated increase in the
generating capacity based on new projects proposed and/or under construction /
consideration during 11th and 12th Five Year Plans, it is evident that there is a dire need
to provide additional power to the Northern Grid to meet the increasing demand of
power. New schemes have to be taken-up immediately and implemented to derive timely
benefits. The most important source of power development in the Northern region is
hydroelectric power located in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir.
The need for the UHL Stage III HEP, installed capacity 100 MW, in the Beas Basin, has
therefore, been considered in context of power shortage in the Northern region in
general and in the country as whole. The mining project shall provide direct employment
to about 25 laborers. Additional jobs would be created by way of transportation.
1.7. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
The emerging environmental scenario calls for requisite attention on conservation and
proper use of natural resources and development without destruction. The
environmental consideration in any development process has become a necessity for
achieving sustainable developmental. To achieve these goals, the Ministry of
Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, has enacted various acts, legislations, guidelines
and standards from time to time. The principal environmental regulatory agency in India
is the Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi. MoEF formulates environmental
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 15
policies and accords environmental clearances for different projects. The important
environmental legislations in India are given in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 : Key Environmental Legislations
Name Scope and Objective Key Areas Operational
Agencies/Key
Player
Water (Prevention
and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974,
1988
To provide for the
prevention and control of
water pollution and
enhancing the quality of
water
Control sewage and
industrial effluent
discharges
Central and State
Pollution Control
Boards
Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981, 1987
To provide for the
prevention and control of
air pollution
Controls emission of air
pollutants
Central and State
Pollution Control
Board
Noise Pollution
(Regulation &
Control) Rule 2000
Noise pollution control Control of noise pollution
in residential, commercial,
industrial and silent zones
Central and State
Pollution Control
Board
Forest
(Conservation) Act,
1980, 1988
To consolidate
acquisition of common
property such as forest,
halt India’s rapid
deforestation and
resulting environmental
degradation
Regulates access to
natural resources, state
has a monopoly right over
land, categories forests,
restriction on de-
reservation and using
forest for non-forest
purpose
State Government
and Central
Government
Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972, 1993
To protect wildlife Creates protected areas
(national parks /
sanctuaries) categories of
wildlife which are
protected
Wildlife Advisory
Boards, Central Zoo
Authorities
Ancient Monuments
and Archaeological
sites & Remains
Act, 1958
To protect ancient
monuments of national
heritage / importance
Conservation of cultural
and historical remains
found in India
Archaeological
Survey of India
Hazardous Wastes
(Management and
Handling) Rules,
1989
Health and safety Assessment of hazardous
materials and
management
Central and State
Pollution Control
Board
Biological Diversity
Act, 2002
Biodiversity
conservation
Disclosure of species
survey or collection
activities to the National
Biodiversity Authority
MoEF, New Delhi and
State Forest
Departments
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 16
Name Scope and Objective Key Areas Operational
Agencies/Key
Player
International
Environmental
(regulation in which
India is a signatory)
Control and reduction of
greenhouse gases
International
environmental issues such
as emission of
greenhouse gases
Govt. of India
Environment
(Protection) Act,
1986
To provide for the
protection and
improvement of
environment
An umbrella legislation,
supplements pollution
laws
Central government
nodal agency, MoEF
can delegate to state
departments of
environment
National Policy on R
& R, 2007
Resettlement and
rehabilitation of project
affected people
Social issues Central and State
Government
EIA Notification 14th
Sep 2006 and
amendment 1st Dec
2009
Environment Impact
Assessment
Environmental Protection Project Development,
State and Central
Government
As per MoEF notification, dated 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st
December 2009, construction of a new project or activities or the expansion or
modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the schedule to the notification
shall be undertaken in any part of India only after the prior environmental clearance from
the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi for
matters falling under Category ‘A’ in the schedule and at state level the State
Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) for matters falling under Category ‘B’
in the said schedule, the later duly constituted by the Central Government under sub-
section (3) of section 3 of the said act.
In the present case, the riverbed mining of Stone/Sand/Bajri in lease area of 2.7346 ha
relates to mining of minerals (non-coal) project falling under project category with
threshold limit “B”, and as such, the scoping clearance was sought from the SEIAA,
Himachal Pradesh.
1.8. Scoping Of the Project
In consonance with the provision, under section-6 of the MoEF notification, dated 14th
September 2006, the project proponent has moved an application, to the SEIAA, H.P., in
the prescribed Form-I duly filled along a copy of the PFR of the project. The first step,
required in the environment clearance process is ‘Scoping’ by which the SEAC
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 17
determines detailed and comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) addressing all
relevant environment concerns for the preparation of an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Report in respect of the project for which prior environment clearance
is being sought.
After going through the various aspects of the river bed mining at the proposed site and
the related documents like Form – I and the PFR, the SEAC, H.P. in its 22nd meeting
held on 1.1.2013 set out the scoping clearance and issued ToR proposed for
environmental impact assessment studies and preparation of environmental
management plan for River bed mining and for submission of report after Public Hearing.
1.9. Environmental Framework of the State
The specific laws and policies that are formulated by the state government for achieving
certain level of sustainability in the human actions are mentioned in Table-1.3.
Table 1.3 : Environmental Framework of State Government
Sl.
No.
Legislation / Policy Objective
1. The Himachal Pradesh minor
minerals (concession) revised rules,
1971
Relating application for mining lease,
its procedures authorities and
application forms
2. State Environmental Policy, 2005 Sustainable development of the state
3. State Water Policy, 2003 To protect and conserve water
resources
4. State Forest Policy, 1980 Protection and prevention of forest
and wildlife
5. Himachal Pradesh Land
Preservation Act, 1978
Control on the private forests with ten
years felling cycle
1.9.1. The Himachal Pradesh minor minerals (concession) revised rules, 1971
The rules inter alia provide for procedure for application for quarrying of minor minerals,
grant of mining lease, restriction on grant of mining lease, various mandatory registers of
mining lease, royalties in respect of mining leases, besides conditions applicable on
mining lease, the rights of lessee and the rights and power of the government. In
addition the procedure for grant of mineral concessions in respect of minor minerals in
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 18
respect of the land in which minor minerals vest in a person other than the government
are contained in Chapter 3.
1.9.2. State Environmental Policy
The Himachal is the first state to have its own State Environmental Policy, which came in
to existence in 2005 prior to the July 2006 National Environmental policy. By formulating
this policy, the Government of HP expresses its resolve to conserve and enhance the
environment and follow a policy of sustainable development. This cannot be achieved
without a wholehearted cooperation of all departments (that includes project proponent
also), institutions, local bodies and the people at large. The project proponent, therefore,
need to plan and implement the hydro-electric project in such a manner that incorporates
all environmental safeguard measures, national policies, rules, codes and regulations
and above all international best practices for environmental management for the
implementation of Infrastructure projects.
1.9.3. State Water Policy
Both State and National water polices give highest priority for safe drinking water. Any
impact on these resources of the common people is to be seen very seriously. Prior to
demolishing or destruction of such structures, the project will have to provide alternative
drinking water resources to the people. This new provision need to be monitored for the
whole construction period to verify its adequacy in terms of quantity, quality and distance
from the dwelling units. Since some underground drinking water sources of the people
like Hand pumps, spring water sources may be affected by the construction activities,
this policy is directly relevant to the project.
1.10. Himachal Pradesh State Forest Policy
In 1980, the State Government has enunciated its own Forest Policy within the
framework of National Forest Policy. This was to meet the peculiar forest situation in the
State. The policy guidelines contained are said to be still valid and cover almost all
aspects of forestry in the State. Since forest and related issues are one of the few most
important issues of the project, implementation Forest policy is directly relevant.
1.11. HP State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB)
The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) plays a major role in environmental
management at the State level, particularly with regard to air and water issues. Agency
is also acting as a facilitator for Central and State environmental clearance process. The
main functions are to:-
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 19
Plan and execute state-level air and water initiatives;
Advise State Government on air, water and industry issues;
Establish emission standards based on National minimum standards;
Issue consent orders (permits) for industrial air and water discharges;
Issue “No Objection Certificates” for "industrial development".
Publish statistics and disseminate information; and
Take legal action against defaulters.
Conducting of public hearing as per Paragraph -7, Stage-3 of MoEF Notification 2006.
1.12. Public Hearing
On completion and Submission of Draft EIA/EMP report and in consonance with the EIA
notification 14th September 2006, vide section 7(i) related to public consultation, the
Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board shall be requested by the project
proponent to conduct the Public Hearing.
1.13. Compliance of ToR
The compliance of the ToR set out as Annexure – I as per scoping clearance given by
the SEAC consequent to the 22nd Meeting held on 1.1.2013 is given Table 1.4.
Table 1.4 : Compliance of ToR
S. No. ToR Cross Ref. in EIA Report
1. Year wise production details since 2006 after the EIA
Notification, 2006 coming in force.
Section 2.8.5
2. A copy of document ins support of the fact that the proponent is
the rightful lessee of the mine should be given.
Annexure – I
3. All corner coordinates of the mine lease area superimposed on
High Resolution Imagery/Toposheet should be provided
Figure 1.2 and 1.3
4. All documents including approved mine plan (eco friendly
mine plan), EIA report and public hearing should be compatible
with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production
levels, waste generation and its management and mining
technology.
Yes, chapter I and II
provide project details.
Eco friendly Mining
Plan enclosed as
Annexure VI.
5. The terms and conditions imposed, if any, by the Competent
Authority in the State Government while granting mining lease/
permit/ contract should be built into the mine plan (eco-friendly
mine plan) as well as the EIA report.
It may inter-alia include; area of working (length and breadth of
the river stretch), mode of working, working shift,
transportation of mineral, restriction, if any imposed for
working etc.
Section 2.11
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 20
6. Overall note on mineral reserves rated capacity and life of mine Section 2.8.1, 2.8.3 and
2.8.4
7. Overburden dumps stability study and reclamation Section 2.8.7
8. Plan of backfilling of mine pit Section 2.8.8
9. Surface drainage pattern at mine site (modification/diversion in
the existing drainage pattern)
Section 3.2.1.4 and
Figure 3.10 10. Mineral transportation outside mining lease area (road, rail,
conveyer, ropeways, waterways, pipelines, other etc.)
Section 2.8.11
11. Involvement of forestland, if any, in the project and status of
forestry clearance should be given.
Lease area (2.7346
ha) is forestland for
diversion of which
permission has
already been
accorded ,vide MoEF
letter no. 9-
HPC410/2005-
CHA/10458 Dated 2-
11-2007 (Annexure II)
12. The study area will comprise of 10 km zone around the mine
lease from lease periphery and the data contained in the EIA
such as waste generation etc. should be for the life of the
mine/ lease period.
Section 3.1, Figure 3.1
and 3.2
13. Land use of the study area delineating forest area, agricultural
land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary and national park,
migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements
and ecological features.
Section 3.2.2.2, Figure
3.5
14. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be prepared to
encompass pre-operational, operational and post-
operational phases.
Section 3.2.1.2
15. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any
other protected area and accordingly detailed mitigation
measures required should be worked out with cost implications.
Section 4.5.2
16. The vegetation cover in the RF/PF in the study area, if any,
should be indicated.
Section3.9
17. A study shall be done to ascertain the impacts of the mining
project on wildlife of the area including aquatic life.
Section 4.5.2
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 21
18. Location of National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere
Reserves, wildlife Corridors, Tiger/Elephant Reserves (existing
as well as proposed) within 10 km of the mine lease should
be clearly supported by a location map duly authenticated
by Chief Wildlife Warden. Necessary clearance from the
Chief Wildlife Warden for operating the mine within 10 km of
the National Park/Sanctuary, if any, should be obtained and
furnished.
Section4.5.1
19. A detailed biological study for the study area [core zone and
buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)]
including the aquatic fauna in the riverine system shall be
carried out. Details of f lora and fauna, duly
authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should
be furnished based on field survey clearly indicating the
Schedule of the fauna present.
In case of any scheduled-I fauna present in the study area,
the necessary plan for their conservation should be
prepared in consultation with State Forest and wildlife
Department and details furnished. Necessary allocation
of funds for implementing the same should be made as
part of the project cost.
. Section 3.9
20. Impact of the project on land use including change of river
course, if any should be given.
Section 4.3.1 and 4.3.2
21. The proponent shall specify distances and impacts on
nearby water sources and the irrigation / water supply
schemes u/s and d/s
Section 4.5.6
22. Siltation increase due to mining in water sources shall be
obtained
Section 4.5.2
23. Photograph of mining area and adjoining land and
videogrphy DVDs of the site features and the entire area
Figure 1.4
24. No mechanized mining / blasting shall be carried out. Section2.7.1 and 2.7.2
25. Impact o n t o p o g r a p h y , d r a i n a g e , a g r i c u l t u r a l
f i e l d s , c a t t l e fields, wildlife, water logging leading to
water borne diseases, if any. It may also be shown whether it
will lead to change of watercourse of the river. Modelling
exercise should also be carried out through an expert agency
to show the change in river flow dynamics, if any.
Section4.2.1,4.2.2,4.3.2
and 4.3.5
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 22
26. Collection of one season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data
on ambient air quality (PM10, SO2 and NOX), water quality, noise
level, soil and flora and fauna, site-specific
meteorological data should be collected. The location of the
monitoring stations should be justified. Date wise collected
baseline AAQ data should form part of EIA and EMP report.
The mineralogical composition of PM10 particularly for free
silica should be given. There should be at least one AAQ
monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-
dominant downwind direction.
Section 3.4 through 3.8
27. Air quality modelling should be carried out for prediction of
impact of the project on the air quality of the area. It should also
take into account the impact of movement of vehicles for
transportation of mineral. The details of the model used and
input parameters used for modelling should be provided. The
air quality contours may be shown on a location map clearly
indicating the location of the site, location of sensitive
receptors, if any and the habitation. The wind roses showing the
pre-dominant wind direction may also be indicated on the map.
Section 4.7 and Fig.3.14
28. The water requirement for the project, its availability and source
to be furnished. A detailed water balance should also be
provided. Fresh water requirement for the project should be
indicated.
1.5 KLD; Section 2.7.4
29. Necessary clearance from the Competent authority for drawl of
requisite quantity of water for the project should be provided.
30. Impact of the project on the water quality should be assessed
and necessary safeguard measures, if any required should be
provided.
Section 4.5.2 and 4.5.3
31. Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater table
should be provided both in AMSL and bgl. A schematic diagram
may also be provided for the same.
Section 2.10
32. Quantity of solid waste generation, if any, should be estimated
and details for its disposal and management should be provided.
Section 2.8.9
33. Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the project
should be evaluated. Projected increase in truck traffic as a
result of the project in the present road network (including
those outside the project area) and whether it is capable of
handling the increased load should be estimated. Arrangement
for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated including
action to be taken by other agencies such a state government, if
any, should be covered.
Section 4.10
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 23
34. Details of the infrastructure facilities to be provided for the
mineworkers should be furnished.
Section 2.8.12 and
2.8.13
35. Phase- wise plan of green belt development, plantation
and compensatory afforestation clearly indicating the area
to be covered under plantation and the species to be planted
should be provided.
Section 9.3
36. Occupational health impacts of the project activity should be
anticipated and reported and proposed preventive
measures indicated. These along with details of pre-
placement medical examination and periodical medical
examination schedules and medical facilities proposed to
be provided should be incorporated in the EMP.
Section7.9.2 and 9.5
37. Measures of socio economic influence to the local community,
proposed to be provided by project proponent should be spelt
out. As far as possible, quant itat ive dimensions
should be given.
Section4.9 and 9.2.6
38. Detailed environmental management plan to mitigate the
environmental impacts. Specific safeguard measures to control
PM10 as well as pollution due to transportation should be
given.
Section4.7 and 9.2.1
39. Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project
proponent on the same along with time bound action plan to
implement the same should be provided.
Yes, would be
incorporated after
conducting of public
hearing.
40. Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with
direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project
should be given.
No litigation is pending.
Section 1.4.3
41. The cost of the project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well
as the cost towards implementation of EMP should be clearly
spelt out.
Section 9.7 and 9.8
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 24
CHAPTER 2. : PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1. General
The project envisages open-cast, without blasting manual extraction of Stone/Sand/Bajri from
Rana Khad (CA at mine site = 98.9 sq km), a perennial right bank tributary of the Beas, to
annual maximum of 15000 metric tonne from the river bed mine lease area 2.7346 ha., for
five years, for consumption as aggregate material for wearing and non-wearing surface
concrete works and other works of UHL Stage III HEP, being implemented by BVPCL, an
undertaking of Govt. of Himachal Pradesh, Joginder nagar, District Mandi. There is no
national park / wildlife sanctuary, elephant / tiger reserve, eco-sensitive area within 10km
radius of the project. The mine lease area is forestland, the diversion of which stand
sanctioned.
2.2. Type of Project
Stone/Sand/Bajri mining lease, measuring 2.7346 ha is a captive mine of BVPCL, and is in
Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.
The original lease deed was executed by Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Vikas Nigam Limited
on 12.05.2008. The proposed planning details are:
Mining method - Open Cast Manual mining method Project cost - Rs. 4.0 lac. Production - Stone/Sand/Bajri – 15000 metric tonnes per annum
(maximum)
There is practically no soil cover as well as overburden on on top profile of river bed section
proposed for mining, however, if some soil is available it will be removed and carefully stored
for use in plantation purpose. No solid waste other than negligible quantity of silt/silty clay,
which is deposited as crust material on the bed profile, shall be scrapped and carefully stored
for depositing into the mine pits in the riverbed or in the upper terraces earmarked for
plantation purpose.
During monsoon season, when the river reaches high stage, Rana Khad having substantial
catchment (98.90 sq.km), transports bed load material and sediments which gets accredited
at such stretch which has wider river width and has concave banks. The mined out area is
replenished annually after monsoon, thus it does not require any backfilling. The
rehabilitation/reclamation of such lease area, which has been secluded for mining being
close to the bank in the form of upper terraces, will be done by way of tree plantation along
lease boundary. Green barriers will be created by plantation as per CPCB Guidelines.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 25
2.3. Need for the Project
A fast developing country like India, with its abnormally high population, has to keep pace
with the development worldwide and thus it requires development of large infrastructure
projects in the sector of Surface transport, power etc. Huge quantities of raw construction
materials like Sand, Stone and Bajri mine are required in erecting vast civil engineering
structures of infrastructure works. The riverbed mining for obtaining raw construction material
is an important source besides rock-in-situ quarries. Hence, considering the demand of Sand,
Stone and Bajri & sufficient availability in the area, it is very much necessary to have Sand,
Stone and Bajri projects to sustain Infrastructure project as well as household requirement in
the area and to provide employment opportunities to the locals.
For meeting a part of the huge demand of construction material, like coarse aggregate (3.62
lac cum) and fine aggregate (1.81 lac cum) required in concrete works of various
components of the project, the natural available materials in shoal deposits of Rana Khad at
riverbed quarry site was found suitable from techno-economic consideration for works like
trench weir, W.C.S. Rana Intake to reservoir, W.C.S. Intake to reservoir, Desilting tank,
khudder storage reservoir and part of HRT. This captive mine of BVPCL is exclusive for
extracting riverbed material and shall be abandoned after completion of the works of UHL
Stage – III.
2.4. Location, Project Boundary and Project Site Layout
The mine lease area falls in Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar,
Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. It is located at about 8 km South of Joginder Nagar, on Rana
Khad approachable from SH-19 through a link road to Dart and is u/s of Macchial.
Geographical location of mine lease area is covered under Survey of India Toposheet No.
53A/13. The surface area plan of the mine lease area showing its boundaries vis/a’vis/ the
Rana khad along with contour is given in Figure 2.1
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 26
890
895
895.96
900
902.77
905
904.77
902.66
906.30
906.68908.83
910915920
920.88
927.28
927.69
928.88
914.48914.99
920
915
910
905
910
915
903.5
9
916.75
920
920908.05
915
905910
HFL
LWL
HFL
900
899
898.74
896.6
0
897.88
897.80
899.67898.85
898.28
899.30
903.38
905
902.3
6PATH
905.6
95
901.4
1
KUHL
900.
96
902.367
901.5
7
901.5
1
901.
69
900
899.6
9
898.05
895
890.80
895
890.56
890
894.84896.370 893.20
893.35
897.10
892.25
895.95
895.25 896.03893.796
894.78
895
898.86
895.51
895.51
897.05
880
893.00
893.38892.68
891.72
891.51
891.68
890PATH891.42 891.33
LWL
LWL
889.78
889.80887.36
889.05
BOULDER
ROAD
ROAD
RANA KHAD
HFL
HFL898.45
B/WALL
I,III & V
YEAR
II & IV YEAR R/WALL
905
894.16
LEASE BOUNDARY
BOUNDARY PILLAR
CONTOUR
RIVER/KHAD
HFL/LWL
METALED ROAD
15th WIDTH OF KHAD
FOOT PATH
BUILDING
DRY NALA/KHAD
PROHIBITED LAND
EXISTING TREE
LEGEND
N
SURFACE PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITE DART-BAGLA
SCALE 1:2500
CONTOUR INTERVAL 5m
31°57'50''
A
B
C
D
E
FG
I
K
H
J
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
31°57'50''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
31°57'55'' 31°57'55''
A -31°57'51.9 ", 76°46'25.52"
CORNER COORDINATES
B -31°57'42.38", 76°46'26.36"
C- 31°57'30.43", 76°46'27.15"
D- 31°57'23.15", 76°46'29.20"
E- 31°57'19.50", 76°46'29.40"
F- 31°57'22.52", 76°46'28.29"
G- 31°57'22.30", 76°46'28.40"
H- 31°57'24.30", 76°46'26.53"
I- 31°57'40.31", 76°46'25.59"
J- 31°57'46.34", 76°46'25.17"
K- 31°57'49.44", 76°46'25.44"
Figure 2.1 : Surface area Plan of Mine lease area
2.5. Size or magnitude of Operation
The project involves opencast manual mining without use of machinery and blasting for
extraction of 66000 metric tonnes of sand, stone and bajri, during 5 years, from wider river
course / terrace of Rana Khad for a stone crushing unit set outside of the mine lease area.
The total area of mine lease is 2.7346 ha. The proponent were granted mining lease for
mining of sand, stone and bajri for a period of five years, w.e.f. 12.05.2008, for the extraction
of sand, stone & Bajri for use has already established stone crusher unit ,at Bahl, through its
civil construction contractor. The project proponent has already applied to competent
authority for renewal of mine lease area (Annexure III). The manual work of mining shall be
carried out through the labour deployed by the civil contractor in the supervision of the project
proponent, as has been prescribed in the contract.
2.6. Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 27
The maximum annual target of stone/sand/bajri production from the mine is 15000 metric
tonnes. The mine will be worked on the day shift only and no mining activity shall be carried
out during the monsoon season (June to September). The average number of working days
in the year would be 270, which implies that the daily maximum production would be about
65.2 metric tonne. The annual production schedule for five years, as per working-cum
environ management plan,is given in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 : Annual Production Schedule
Year Boulder (metric tonne)
Bajri (metric tonne)
Sand (metric tonne)
Clay (metric tonne)
Total (metric tonne)
1ST 5400 5400 1080 120 12000
2ND 6750 6750 1350 150 15000
3RD 5400 5400 1080 120 12000
4TH 6750 6750 1350 150 15000
5TH 5400 5400 1080 120 12000
Total 29700 29700 5940 660 66000
2.7. Technology and Process Description
2.7.1. Method of Mining
Taking into consideration the matrix of deposit in the riverbed and the targeted production,
the mine will be worked by manual opencast method of mining without blasting. The
opencast mining process for extraction of stone / boulder / sand and bajri primarily involves
scooping the mineral through use of implements like spade, pickaxe, shovel etc. The sand
shall be separated from bajri by sieve screening at mine site The production/manufacturing of
coarse/fine aggregate shall be undertaken at stone crushing site. The loading of mineral shall
be done manually and transported by truck/tipper (9.0 to 10.0 metric tonnes), tractor trolley
small (3 metric tonnes), tractor trolley big (6 metric tonnes) to the crusher located outside the
mining lease. The transportation vehicles shall be engaged by the civil contractor who shall
directly pay the labour cost for mining as well as for loading onto transportation.
2.7.2. Blasting
No blasting is proposed to be done.
2.7.3. Raw Material Required
No raw material is required for extraction of minerals.
2.7.4. Water Requirement and source
Water requirement for human consumption, plantation and dust suppression is 1.5 KLD, of
which 0.4 KLD for drinking / domestic shall be met from the tap water supply of village Bagla
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 28
and rest from khad/ river. The daily water requirement is shown in Table 2.2. Out of 0.2 KLD
water 0.16 KLD of liquid effluent shall be generated which shall be discharged to the septic
tank. No effluent shall be created from the water used for dust separation and green belt as it
will infiltrate into the ground.
Table 2.2 : Daily Water Requirement
S. No. Activities Demand (kld)
Source
1. Dust suppression 0.8 Rana Khad
2. Drinking water at mine site 0.2 WSS of IPH
3. Domestic 0.2 Rana Khad
4. Green Belt 0.3 Rana Khad
Total 1.5
2.7.5. Power
No electrical power shall be required for operations.
2.7.6. Man Power Requirement
About 25 local labours shall be engaged for extraction of Stone/Sand/Bajri and loading and
handling of mineral in mining area, besides, watch and ward and plantation activity with
proper maintenance.
2.7.7. Extent Of Mechanization
The proposed project is manual extraction and collection of sand, stone and bajri from Rana
Khad by using hand tools. No blasting is involved and no machinery shall be deployed to
extract the minerals.
2.8. Project Description
2.8.1. Geological Reserve
The geological reserve of the lease area is assessed by multiplying the lease area with the
permitted depth of extraction i.e. one meter at each point. In the present case, the volume
shall be 27346 cum. One meter from the surface is considered for calculation of the reserve.
The specific gravity of Quartzite is 2.65 and of sand is 1.85 metric tonne/per cubic meter.
Hence, average specific gravity of 2.25 metric tonne/per cubic meter is taken for calculation
of the deposit. Thus, geological reserves are 61530 metric tonne up to one meter depth from
the natural surface bed / level at any point, without taking into account the replenishment
factor.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 29
2.8.2. Mine able Reserves, Quality and Anticipated Life of the Mine
In the wake of the provision under Part V (Section 20) of the lease deed, no river/stream bed
mining shall be allowed within 1/5th of its span or 5m from the bank or as specified by the sub
divisional committee, whichever is more. The mining area is thus, defined after leaving the
1/5 of width of the river section that is 7 to16meters, depending upon the width, which varies
from 35 to 90 meter in the lease area, besides deducting the other prohibited areas. The
mineable area in block earmarked for I,III and year is0.56 ha and for II and IV year is0.74 ha.
The total mineable area thus calculated is 1.30 ha, thereby implying that the mineable
reserves at present are of the tune of 29250metric tonne., without considering the annual
replenishment.. Therefore, to extract 66000 metric tonne material in five years, procedural
steps to get more replenishment of material will be adopted. It will be accomplished by
resorting to digging of material from the u/s direction of the lease area in a systematic
manner so that the depressed bed basin of the Khad so developed is aggraded with the river
bed material / bed load in the following monsoon season. Year-wise mineable area proposed
during five year of mining and the corresponding tonnage is given in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 : Year-wise Production
S. No. Year Mineable
Area(sq. m)
Depth of
Mine (m)
Volume of Raw
Material (cum)
Tonnage @ 2.25
MT/cum
1 1st 5333 1.0 5333 12000
2 2nd 6666 1.0 6666 15000
3 3rd 5333 1.0 5333 12000
4 4th 6666 1.0 6666 15000
5 5th 5333 1.0 5333 12000
Total 29331 29331 66000
2.8.3. Composition of River Bed material (Matrix)
In order to calculate the percentage of various sediments found in the River bed, a trial pit
was dug, at a most representative site, having dimensions of 1 m. * 1 m. * 1 m. (Length *
width * depth). The content of the total material dug out from the pits were separated into
four categories i.e. boulder, bajri, sand and clay found as 45 %, 45 %, 9% and 1%
respectively. The percentage of these constituents is likely to vary from year to year
depending upon intensity, duration and frequency of rainfall and the volume of consequent
run-off.
2.8.4. Anticipated life of Mine
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 30
Since the deposition of bed material and its transportation by the tractive force created during
high floods is a natural and continual phenomenon the mined out area annually gets
deposited. The life of mine can be considered as continuous/perpetual as long as the rate of
sediment aggradations with mine area is either equal to or in excess of the rate of extraction
of river borne material. The annual sediment load of Rana khad at mine site (catchment area
98.90 sq km) has been assessed as 271926 metric tonne(Section 3). To meet out total
production of 66000 metric tonne in five years, 36750 metric tonne shall be contributed from
replenished quantity and balance 29250 metric tonne from the mineable reserve.
2.8.5. Year-wise production since 2006
There has been no production from the mine ever since the date of grant of lease i.e.
12.05.2008. This mine has not yet been worked so far during the lease period due to
requirement of seeking of prior Environmental Clearance from the SEIAA Himachal Pradesh
as per Notification dated 14th September 2006.
2.8.6. Development of mine and Proposed year-wise production during first five years
Mining in the lease area is carried out in rotation because the basin developed by extracting
the material during first year of development will create space for deposition of material to be
brought by river during the following monsoon season. The process of extraction in the same
area will be repeated in the 3rd and 5th year of development. During the development of 2nd
year the extraction of material shall be carried out in other areas located on the d/s. The
basins so developed will create space for the deposition of material to be transported by the
river during following monsoon season. The same area will be used for extraction of material
during 4th year of development. The year-wise during first five years is shown in Table 2.4
and the annual production plan is shown in Figure 2.2.
Table 2.4 : Year-wise Production of raw - material
S.
No.
Year Mineable
Area (sq.
m.)
Volume
of Raw
Material
(cum)
Tonnage
@ 2.25
MT/cum
Boulder
(45%)
Bajri
(45%)
Sand
(9%)
Silt/Clay
(1%)
1 1st 5333 5333 12000 5400 5400 1080 120
2 2nd 6666 6666 15000 6750 6750 1350 150
3 3rd 5333 5333 12000 5400 5400 1080 120
4 4th 6666 6666 15000 6750 6750 1350 150
5 5th 5333 5333 12000 5400 5400 1080 120
Total 29331 29331 66000 29700 29700 5940 660
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 31
890
895
895.96
900
902.77
905
904.77
902.66
906.30
906.68908.83
910915920
920.88
927.28
927.69
928.88
914.48914.99
920
915
910
905
910
915
903.5
9
916.75
920
920908.05
915
905910
HFL
LWL
HFL
900
899
898.74
896.6
0
897.88
897.80
899.67898.85
898.28
899.30
903.38
905
902.3
6PATH
905.6
95
901.4
1
KUHL
900.
96
902.367
901.5
7
901.5
1
901.
69
900
899.6
9
898.05
895
890.80
895
890.56
890894.84896.370 893.20
893.35
897.10
892.25
895.95
895.25 896.03893.796
894.78
895
898.86
895.51
895.51
897.05
880
893.00
893.38
892.68
891.72
891.51
891.68
890PATH891.42 891.33
LWL
LWL
889.78
889.80887.36
889.05
BOULDER
ROAD
ROAD
RANA KHAD
HFL
HFL898.45
B/WALL
I,III & V
YEAR
II & IV YEAR R/WALL
905
894.16
LEASE BOUNDARY
BOUNDARY PILLAR
CONTOUR
RIVER/KHAD
HFL/LWL
METALED ROAD
15th WIDTH OF KHAD
FOOT PATH
BUILDING
DRY NALA/KHAD
PROHIBITED LAND
EXISTING TREE
LEGEND
N
31°57'50''
`A
B
C
D
E
FG
I
K
H
J
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
31°57'50''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
31°57'55'' 31°57'55''
SCALE 1:2500
CONTOUR INTERVAL 5m
YEAR WISE PRODUCTION PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITE DART -BAGLA
AXIS T.WEIR
Figure 2.2 : Year-wise Production Plan
2.8.7. Overburden dumps
There will be no development of overburden dumps in the present case, as the riverbed
material is not overlain with waste material warranting its disposal in the form of internal or
external dumps.
There is practically no soil cover as well as overburden on top profile of river bed section
proposed for mining, however, if some soil is available it will be removed and carefully stored
for use in plantation purpose. No solid waste other than negligible quantity of silt/silty clay,
which deposits as crust material on the bed profile, shall be scrapped and carefully stored for
depositing into the mine pits in the river bed or in the upper terraces earmarked for plantation
purpose
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 32
2.8.8. Plan of backfilling of mine pit
In case of stream/river bed mining the mining pits created due to extraction of the riverbed
material are left as such for being aggraded in following monsoon season. The replenishment
process is natural as the discharge flowing in the rivers / stream invariably carries sediment
load / bed load (15% of sediment load) while passing over the river bed depression (basin)
cause due to mining, gets deposited as in the lower segment of river section the flow velocity
is very low. Thus, backfilling plan of the riverbed pit is neither required nor it is envisaged
under the management plan. However, the quantity of scrapped crust material (clay) which is
in excess of the quantity required for plantation purpose in upper terraces shall be deposited
in the riverbed pit.
2.8.9. Solid Waste Generation & its Disposal
No solid waste other than silt/clay, which deposits as crust material on the bed profile, shall
be scrapped and deposited into the mine pits or in the upper terraces earmarked for
plantation. Approximately 660 MT (about 471 cum) of silt/clay shall be produced during 5
years. The year-wise estimation of quantity of solid waste is shown in Table 2.5 , the quantity
of scrapped crust material (clay) which is in excess of the quantity required for plantation
purpose in upper terraces shall be deposited in the riverbed pit.
Table 2.5 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste
S.
No.
Year Mineable Area
(sq. m.)
Volume of
Raw Material
(cum)
Tonnage @
2.25 MT/cum
Solid waste
in form of
Silt/Clay
1 1st 5333 5333 12000 120
2 2nd 6666 6666 15000 150
3 3rd 5333 5333 12000 120
4 4th 6666 6666 15000 150
5 5th 5333 5333 12000 120
Total 29331 29331 66000 660
2.8.10. Liquid Effluent
There will be no wastewater generation from mining activities per se. However, the liquid
effluent to the tune of 0.16 KLD shall be generated, due to domestic water use, which shall
be processed in septic tanks/soak pits built integrally with the flush compost toilet.
2.8.11. Mineral Transportation
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 33
The loading of mineral shall be done manually and transported by trucks/tipper (9.0 to 10.2
metric tonnes), tractor trolley small (three metric tonnes), tractor trolley big (six metric tonnes)
to the crusher located outside the mining lease. The transportation vehicles shall be engaged
by the civil contractor who shall directly pay the labour cost for mining as well as for loading
onto transportation. In the present case, the material shall be hauled to a distance of
approximately 5km only as the crushing unit is located in the project area viz. HRT intake
portal. The material shall be carried in covered trucks. For transportation of a maximum
production of 56 MT raw material, two tippers (10MT capacity) shall be deployed considering
that each tipper / truck shall make three trips per day. Since the haulage distance and the
daily quantity of material to be hauled is very less and the anticipated project life is 5 years,
the other means of transportation like conveyer belt / rope way are not economically viable.
The lease area is having gentle slope less than one degree moreover the pit depth would be
maximum of one metre with three metre width, therefore tracks for the trucks and trolley
tractors can be easily maintained.
2.8.12. Site Services
A very small riverbed-mining project, as the present case, much specialized facilities in the
mining area will not be required. However, site facilities like rest shelter, latrine/urinal with
flush compost unit shall be provided near the mine. Such mandatory facilities shall be
provided by the civil contractor engaged for the construction of UHL Stage III project and who
is making consumption of the raw material.
2.8.13. Proposed Infrastructure
As the project will be engaging local workers for the mining as well as for transportation of
minerals, no infrastructure for their residential purposes is needed. As about two tipper/
trucks will be deployed in the transportation of minerals to the crusher site, there shall be not
load on the existing public road. The drinking water supply to the worker will be provided from
existing local water supply system. The latrine / urinal with the mine rest shelter will have its
own septic tank. No mining/industrial/solid waste requiring special management would be
generated.
2.9. Assessment of New and Un-tested technology
The project involves open cast manual mining in a depth of 1m from natural surface level of
riverbed without use of blasting as well as other earth moving equipment. As such, the
conventional method of mining has been adopted. Otherwise, also the provision of Section
21 (2-A) of The Himachal Pradesh Minor Minerals (Concession) Revised Rules, 1971, holds
that, no mechanical mining through mechanical excavator including any other earth moving
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 34
machines like J.C.B, Buldozer, Pocklain, Loders etc. shall be carried out in river or stream
bed by the lease holder or permit holder or contractor as the case may be.
2.10. Site Elevation, Working Depth and Groundwater Table
The average river bed level in the mine lease area varies between 900 mamsl to 890 mamsl
as is evident from surface area map (Figure 2.1).The mine shall be worked up in 3 feet depth
below the natural surface level of ground at any section. Two exploratory boreholes at the
Rana Khad aqueduct site lying within the mine lease area Balh, were drilled to know the sub-
surface geology. The geological chart of drill holes shows that the ground water table was
encountered at 3.6m below the natural surface level at the point of drilling. The trend of the
ground water table follows the trend of the natural drainage and slopes in south east
direction. The Dart Bagla mine site is also very close to the Balh mine site and the and it is
prudent to hold that GWT shall also be met at similar depth below ground level. Thus , the
groundwater table shall not intersect with the bottom of mining pits. The schematic view
showing average natural surface level, bottom pit level and GWT is shown in Figure 2.3.
Figure 2.3 : Schematic Diagram of Mine Working.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 35
2.11. Terms and conditions imposed by Director of Industries, H.P.
The terms and condition as set out in Part V (General) of mine lease deed (Form - F) and the
precautionary measures inherently covered under working cum environmental management
plan / EMP have been brought out in Table 2.6
Table 2.6 : Conditions imposed by Director of Industries
S. No. of
Part V
(General)
of Mine
lease
Deed
Form - F
General Conditions Precautionary measures
inherently covered under
working cum environmental
management plan / EMP
10 The lessee shall do mining in scientific and
systematic manner and to ensure the same.
10a Dumping sites for mine waste and top soil shall
be provided in such a way so that there is no
damage to the adjoining land and the same
does not roll down the slope. Top soil shall be
used for afforestation purposes in the
barren/exhausted pits.
As per approved mining plan,
dumping of mine waste
(Silt/Clay) shall be uniformly
made in gentle slope in upper
terraces, clearly marked in the
mining plan.
10b Diversion dams and other engineering
structures as advised by the deptt. From time
to time at different suitable sites shall be got
erected to arrest and channelize the flow of
water and also to avoid erosion of the land,
causing siltation of nearby natural water
bodies.
Provision of construction of
Stone Masonry check dam for
proper channelization of the
flow and to arrest the bank
erosion has been shown
Working cum environment
management plan and cost
included in the EMP
10c The loading / unloading points in the mine
areas shall be developed in such a way that no
hindrance is caused to the traffic and no
material is stacked within the acquired width of
P.W.D. Road.
There is no PWD road in the
mine area. The loading of
material shall be done in the
mine area and unloading at
stone crushers which are away
from mines. Thus no hindrance
shall be cause to traffic
10d All precaution shall be taken to check air
pollution water pollution and noise pollution as
per standards of H.P. State Environment
Proper mitigation measures to
check air/water/noise pollution
have been suggested in EMP
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 36
protection & pollution control board. with periodical monitoring.
Consent to Establish and
operate stone crusher shall be
obtained from HPSPCB. There
is no mandatory requirement for
seeking clearance from
Pollution control board in
respect of mining activity.
10e Visual impact caused due to dug out areas and
wasted disposal areas shall be controlled by
undertaking afforestation on worked out areas
as waste disposal areas and at areas where no
working is proposed.
The dug out pits shall be
replenished during flood
annually. The mine waste in the
form of silt/clay shall be spread
in the designated area and
vegetated as per working cum
environmental management
plan / EMP
10f Labourers shall be provide with safety
equipments like boots, helmets, ropes, ear
plugs and even nose filters, site services like
rest shelter, drinking water and first aid facilities
shall also be provided at the mining site.
Provision for supplying Personal
Protection Equipment (PPE) to
the labourers, creation of site
facilities and drinking water
have already been made in the
cost estimate of EMP.
13 Surface collection of sand, stone and bajri from
rivers/khads/khallas shall be done in such a
way. So as not to cause environmental and
ecological imbalance. To ensure this.
13a The lessee shall not carry any collection/mining
operations at any point within a distance of
200m upstream & downstream from any
railway line 60 m. from National Highway or
60m from any reservoir, tank, canal, road
except under and in accordance with previous
permission of Govt. in writing or as per
conditions of the joint inspection report.
Neither, there is any railway
line/bridge 75m u/s and d/s of
the mine site nor does any NH
exist at a distance of 60m.
However, trench weir of Rana
feeder, has been constructed in
the river section within lease
area, due to which no mining
zone has been delineated 60m
The structure is underground
except for the abutments and
wing walls. It has been
designed by taking into account
the safety factor against scour
and not to interfere with the flow
section of the Khad.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 37
13b Excavation, below the natural surface level of
the bed shall not exceed 3 feet and these shall
be filled up or suitability fenced to the
satisfaction of mining officer.
The mining plan itself
envisages, excavation in depth
not exceeding 3 feet from the
natural surface level.
13c The lessee shall not carry on surface
operations in any area prohibited by any
authority, without obtaining prior permission in
writing from the concerned authority.
Within the mine lease area, the
prohibited area/ no mining zone
have been delineated in the
approved mine plan. The
project proponent shall ensure
that such areas are precluded
from mining activities.
19 No river/stream bed mining shall be allowed
within 75 m from the periphery of soil
conservation works, nursery plantation, and
check dams or within the distance as
recommended by the sub-divisional committee,
whichever is more.
Neither any soil conservation
works nor any nursery
plantation exists within 75 m
from the extremities of lease
area. The project authorities
have created a few spurs in
order to channelize the khad.
20 No river/stream bed mining shall be allowed
within 1/5th of its span or 5m from the bank or
as specified by the sub-divisional committee,
whichever is more.
It has been ensured in the
approved mine plan that there is
no mining within 1/5th of its span
or 5m from the bank.
21 No River/Stream bed mining shall be allowed
within 500 m u/s and d/s of water supply
scheme.
No water supply scheme / LISS
is existent within 200 m u/s and
d/s of the lease area
extremities.
22 No river/stream bed mining shall be allowed
within 200m u/s and 200 to 500 m d/s of
bridges depending upon the site-specific
conditions
It has been ensured in the
approved mine plan that there is
no bridge within 200m u/s and
d/s of either extremities of the
mine.
24 No mechanical excavators are allowed for the
extraction of mineral
The approved working cum
environmental management
plan does not envisaged use of
mechanical excavators.
25 No boulder/cobbles/hand broken road ballast
shall be allowed to be transported outside the
state from river/stream beds
The riverbed mine is the captive
mine of BVPCL and the material
extracted out of mine shall be
exclusively used for works of
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 38
UHL Stage – III HEP.
26 No digging for more than 3 feet shall be
allowed in river/stream beds
The mining plan itself
envisages, excavation in depth
not exceeding 3 feet from the
natural surface level.
28 The lessee/contractor shall ensure that his
labour does not involve in fish poaching.
The project proponent or the
agency engaged by it mining
activities shall strictly ensure
that there is no involvement of
labour in fish poaching within
the mine lease area.
29 No blasting shall be allowed in river/stream
beds
No blasting is proposed to be
carried out for extraction of the
material.
30 The lease holder shall submit working cum
environment management plan before the
execution of the lease deed
Approved from Industries
Department, Govt. of HP,
Geological Wing, Udyog
Bhawan Shimla -1 vide letter
UDYOG – BHU (KHANI-4)
LAGHU-677/05/5894 DATED
18/07/2005.
32 The natural course of river should not be
disturbed. The lessee shall raise retaining
structure where the bank i.e. susceptible to soil
erosion
As a protection against bank the
bank erosion due to mining
activity, the bank prone to
erosion shall be retained by
providing retaining wall. The
provision for which has been
earmarked in the EMP.
34 Any waste material arising out of mining
operation such as some pieces grit tec. has to
be back filled for replenishment of mine areas.
Mining operation shall be carried out in such a
way that no debris is rolled down into river &
banks shall be protected by wire crates
structures / retaining walls.
Mining shall be carried out
scientifically as entailed in the
working cum environmental
management plan.
37 The lessee shall raise suitable plants in and
around the area degraded due to excavation
operation in order to maintain ecological
The plantation as proposed in
the mining plan shall be carried
out as per annual plantation
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 39
balance. programme
2.12. Statutory / Necessary Approvals.
The NOC from the concerned village Panchayat for implementing the project, NOC from
the IPH department for permitting use of drinking water supply of local village and the
approved working cum environmental management plan as approved by the Geological
wing of Department of Industries, Himachal Pradesh have been annexed as Annexure IV,
V and VI respectively
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 40
CHAPTER 3. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1. Introduction
For the description of baseline environmental scenario, the proposed mine lease area
(2.734 ha) has been considered as the core zone. The mine lease area exhibits an
irregular polygonal shape thus to arrive at a more reasonable study, the buffer area that
falls within 10 km radius from the extremities of the proposed mine lease area has been
adopted. The “buffer” study area covers a spatial extent of 314.09 sq km around the
mine lease area covering the core zone within it. Therefore, the buffer zone having core
zone within it, is referred to as the study area for determination of baseline status.
The existing environmental setting is considered to assess and define the present
baseline environment, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological
aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality and ecology. It would help in
assessing the cumulative environmental impacts due to the proposed project.
As per ToR collection of one season (Non-Monsoon) primary baseline data on
environmental parameters i.e. Ambient Air Quality (PM10, SO2 and NOx), water quality,
Noise level, Soil, flora and fauna and site specific meteorological data has to be done.
This report incorporates the baseline data generated through primary surveys during
January 2013 to March 2013 covering one season i.e. winter. The study area, covered
under SoI Toposheets 53A/9,53A/13, 43D/12 and D/16 on 1:50000 scale, is shown in
Figure 3.1 and the satellite image of the study area covering 10 km radius is shown in
Figure 3.2.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 41
Figure 3.1 : Topographic Map of Study Area
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 42
Figure 3.2 : Satellite Imagery of study area
3.1.2. Methodology
Standard methodologies have been followed in developing the base line report. The
methodology adopted for the study is outlined below:
Conducting reconnaissance surveys for understanding the study area; and
Selecting sampling locations for conducting various environment baseline studies.
The sampling locations have been selected on the basis of the following:
Predominant wind directions recorded by the Indian Meteorological Department
(IMD) observatory at Dharamshala;
Existing topography;
Drainage pattern and location of existing surface water bodies like lakes/ponds,
rivers and streams;
Locations of villages / towns / sensitive areas; and
Areas, which represent baseline conditions.
The field observations have been used to:
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 43
Assess the positive and negative impacts due to the proposed project;
Suggest appropriate mitigation measures for remediating the adverse
environmental impacts, if any; and
Suggesting post-project monitoring requirements and suitable mechanism for it.
3.2. Topography and Drainage
3.2.1. Core Zone
3.2.1.1 Topography
The proposed mining lease area, covered in the Toposheets No. 53 A/13, lies in the
inner Himalayas (Western) in Tehsil Joginder Nagar of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
approximately 66 km from the district headquarter, Mandi, exhibits mountainous
topography. The core zone entirely lies in the riverbed of Rana Khad and is Forest land.
The lease area lies within sinuous path of Rana Khad characterized by presence of
shoal deposits at inner curves where the river energy is reduced. The highest and the
lowest altitudes in the ML area is 900 and 890.00 masl respectively. The riverbed slope
in the lease area is 9.1m / km.
3.2.1.2 Land Use/ Land Cover
The mine lease area (Core zone), falling in Bagla Panchyat, has been categorised as
Gairmumnkin Khad in the revenue records of the district. The landuse of the core area is
river body flowing in forest land for diversion of which permission has already been
accorded vide MoEF Letter No. 9-HPC410/2005-CHA/10458 Dated 2-11-2007
(Annexure – II). The landuse of the mine area (core zone) shall continue to be river
body, being replenished annually, even during operation and post operation (Table 3.1).
Table 3.1 : Land Use Details of Core Zone
S. No. Land Use
Area (ha)
At Present After five years Post operational
1. Waterbody 2.734 2.734 2.734
3.2.1.3 Soil
The soil of the core zone belongs to soil map unit 77 being soils of sides and reposed
slopes (NBSS Publication-57, H.P.). These are deep, well drained, thermic, coarse-
loamy-skeletal soils on very gentle slopes with loamy surface, moderate erosion and
moderate stoniness; associated with: Deep, well drained, fine-loamy soils with loamy
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 44
surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically they belong to group sub-group Typic
Udorthents/Dystric Eutrochrepts.
3.2.1.4 Drainage
Drainage is the single most entity, which defines the network and evolution of rivers.
Rana khad is a 4th order stream during its course through mine lease area till its
confluence with Neri khad which is again a 3rd order stream downstream of Machyal.
Within the mine lease area Laban Khad, over which an aqueduct is under construction,
meets Rana Khad on its left bank, whereas Balh nala meets it on the right bank, just d/s
of mine lease area. These two drains are spring fed and carry about 0.02 to 0.04 cumec
discharge during non-monsoon period and carry storm run-off during monsoon period.
3.2.2. Buffer Zone
3.2.2.1 Topography
Like core zone, the buffer zone area in 10 km radius from the centre of mine lease area
represent mountainous terrain with regional slope towards southeast. The maximum and
minimum elevation varies from 2700 masl near Devidhar and 740 masl near Basehr
respectively. The Digital Elevation Map (DEM) of the study area is shown in Figure 3.3
and the slope map is shown in Figure 3.4.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 45
Figure 3.3 : DEM of the Study Area
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 46
Figure 3.4 : Slope Map of the Study Area
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 47
3.2.2.2 Land Use/Land cover
The land use map of the study area, depicted in Figure 3.5. The statistics illustrated in
Table 3.2, reveals that the predominant land use class is dense forest (50.81%) followed
by open forest 19.93%), agriculture (17.58%) and settlement (9.63) of the total study
area (314.09 sq. km).
Table 3.2 : Land use details of study area
S. No. Land use Class Area (sq.km) Percentage of Total Area (%)
1. Dense Forest 159.60 50.81
2. Open Forest 62.60 19.93
3. Settlement 30.25 9.63
4. Barren land 1.20 0.40
5. Water body 5.20 1.65
6. Agricultural land 55.24 17.58
Total 314.09 100
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 48
Figure 3.5 : Land use Map of Study Area
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 49
3.2.2.3 Soil
The soil resource map of HP (NBSS Publication No 57) has been used in the present
study. The soil is predominantly fine to coarse loamy soil. The soil of the area belongs to
those of lesser Himalayas having map units 51, 53, 56, 59 (Soils of Side / Reposed
Slope), 64 (Soils of Fluvial valley) and Soils of Shiwaliks having Map Unit 77, 79, 82
being soil of side and reposed slopes. The characteristics of these soils are described
hereunder:
Soils of Side / Reposed Slope
Soil Unit 51
Soil belonging to map unit 51 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the study area. These
soils are Deep, well drained, thermic, fine-loamy soils on very steep slopes with loamy
surface and severe erosion; associated with Medium deep, well drained, fine-loamy soils
with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the soils are classified as Typic
Udorthents and Dystric Eutorchrepts.
Soil Unit 53
Soil belonging to map unit 53 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the study area. These
soils are Shallow, well drained, thermic, loamy soils on very steep slopes with loamy
surface and very severe erosion; associated with Medium deep, well drained, course-
loamy soils with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the soils are
classified as Lithic Udorthents and Typic Udorthents
Soil Unit 56
Soil belonging to map unit 56 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the study area. These
soils are Shallow, excessively drained, thermic loamy soils on very steep slopes with
loamy surface and severe erosion; associated with Medium deep to deep, well drained,
fine-loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the soils are classified as Lithic
Udorthents and Dystric Eutrochrepts.
Soil Unit 59
Soil belonging to map unit 59 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the study area. These
soils are deep, well drained, thermic, fine-loamy, calcareous soils on moderately steep
slopes with loamy surface and severe erosion; associated with deep, well drained,
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 50
coarse-loamy soils with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the soils are
classified as Lithic Eutrochrepts and Dystric Eutrochrepts.
Soils on Fluvial valley
Soil Unit 64
Soil belonging to map unit 64 are soils of fluvial valley in the study area. These soils are
medium deep, well drained, thermic coarse-loamy soils on Moderate slopes with loamy
surface and moderate erosion; associated with shallow, excessively drained, coarse
loamy, calcareous soils with loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the
soils are classified as Typic Udorthents and Typic Udifluvents.
Soils of Side / Reposed Slope
Soil Unit 77
Soil belonging to map unit 77 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the lease area. These
soils are deep, somewhat excessively drained, thermic, coarse loamy soils on gentle
slopes with loamy surface and moderate erosion; associated with deep, well drained,
fine – loamy soils with loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the soils are
classified as Typic Udorthents and Dystric Eutrochrepts.
Soil Unit 79
Soil belonging to map unit 79 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the study area. These
soils are Medium Deep, well drained , thermic, loamy skeletal soils on moderately steep
slopes with loamy surface and moderate erosion; associated with Medium deep , well
drained, fine – loamy soils with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the
soils are classified as Typic Udorthents.
Soil Unit 82
Soil belonging to map unit 82 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the study area. These
soils are Deep, moderately well drained, thermic, fine-loamy soils on moderate slopes
with loamy surface and moderate erosion; associated with Medium deep, well drained,
couarse-loamy soils with loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the soils
are classified as Typic Udorthents and Dystric Eutrochrepts.
The soil map of the area, presented in Figure 3.6, depicts the spatial distribution of the
soil.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 51
Figure 3.6 : Soil Map of Study Area
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 52
3.2.2.4 Rivers in study area
Rana Khad is a right bank tributary of river Beas which forms part of Indus Basin. Rana
Khad, also called as Bajgar khad in head reach, originates in the inner Himalayas
(Dhauladhar Mountains) at an altitude of 3122 masl near a place called Daroti Simana
and flows in North southerly direction. Near village Aiwara it is joined by Sukkar khad on
its right bank. Another drainage (Gugli khad) which carry substantial discharge and is
perennial meets about 1km upstream of the old wooden bridge leading to Bagh village.
Rana khad is a (3rd order stream) during its course through mine lease area till its
confluence with Neri khad (3rd order stream) downstream of Machyal, where after it
turns as 4th order stream. About 2.5 kms downstream of Machyal it is joined by Luni
khad, a 4th order stream, Eventually Rana khad confluences with the Beas river on its
right bank near village Thana.
3.2.2.5 Catchment Area
The length of Rana khad from its source (EL 3122 masl) up to Bagla mine site (EL 890
masl) is 21.3 km and the intercepted catchment area is 98.90 square kilometer. The
Catchment has a shape of broad leaf as is evident from Figure 3.7.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 53
Figure 3.7 : Catchment Area Map of Rana Khad upto G&D site Bagla
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 54
3.2.2.6 River bed Slope
From its origin at EL 3122 masl to Bagla mine site (EL 890 masl), the khad negotiates a
total fall of about 2222 m thus implying that the average river bed slope is 104.81 m/km.
The riverbed L-section of Rana khad from its origin to bagla mine site showing the zone
of degradation and aggradation is shown in Figure 3.8.It is evident that the khad shows a
fall of 322m in 1.2km initial stretch from RD 22.2 km to 21 km and a fall of 1000m from
RD 21 km to 15.0 km. A fall of 800m is negotiated in about 10km length from RD 15 km
to 5.35 km. A fall of about 102.35m is negotiated in the last 4.35m km stretch of the river
which is characterized by sinuous path having low rapids and pools. In this reach the
deposition of river born material takes place in the form of shoal deposits. The riverbed
is strewn with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand. In such high gradient reaches, high
velocities exceeding 5m / sec are developed. Larger particles such as boulders and
pebbles are eroded at velocities exceeding 3m/sec, which is called the line of critical
velocity. When the velocity fall below the critical velocity particles will be deposited or
transported instead of being eroded depending upon the rivers energy. As the velocity of
flow of river further decrease, again particles are not deposited but are transported d/s.
Boulders are deposited quickly with the decrease in velocity and after that as the size or
the particles decreases the longer it is transported. Particles of size 1mm are deposited
even at 0.1m / sec velocity. Sand is relatively easily eroded and moved at velocities 0.2
m / sec, as these do not coagulate. Clays and final silt stay afloat even when the velocity
is near to naught
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 55
Figure 3.8 : Longitudinal Section of Rana Khad (at Bagla Site)
3.2.2.7 Drainage Pattern
Drainage is the single most entity, which defines the network antecedent river. The
drainage map of the study area is given in Figure 3.9. The rivulets /nadi in the study
area confluencing with Rana Khad from right is Sukar Khad and from left Gugli, Neri and
Luni Khad. The drainage pattern of the area may be classified into following classes.
3.2.2.7.1 Gross Trellis
The trellis drainage pattern is normally developed in the hillside slopes and usually
aligned along the strike of the rock formation. The softer rocks like phyllitic slates exhibit
such drainage. The trellis drainage pattern is well developed in the terraces and lower
most reaches of the valley. The majority of the area possesses a dendritic to sub-
dendritic drainage containing irregular branching of the smaller tributaries. The
closeness of these small branches is depending on the permeability of the underlying
rocks and the amount and nature of precipitation. It is the most common drainage
pattern of hillside slopes of the study area.
3.2.2.7.2 Gross Radial, Local Annular
The radial drainage pattern is a characteristic feature of the high altitudinal zone
specially the summit surfaces. Litho logically, these areas are constituted by the
resistant and impervious rocks with steep slopes. The sub-parallel drainage pattern
Zone of Erosion Zone
Depos
-ition
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 56
comprises a series of streams which run approximately parallel to each other. They are
evolved in areas of uniformly dipping rocks.
3.2.2.7.3 Gross Sub-Parallel, Local Sub-Rectangular
The major river in the study area is antecedent in nature. The sinuosity, braiding and
meandering in the river course is generally noticed, although at some places, they are
straight and narrow. Due to the increase of the drainage area and the discharge, the
river valley becomes wider in downstream side with generally flattened gradient.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 57
Figure 3.9 : Drainage Map of the Study Area
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 58
3.3. Geology and Hydrogeology
3.3.1. Regional Geology
Project area falls in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh covered in toposheet No. 53
A/13. The rock types encountered around the project site include sandstone, siltstones,
claystones, clayshales and boulder conglomerate. Due to differential weathering, the
rock masses show well-marked topographic expressions with bold projecting ridges of
competent bands alternated with narrow furrows along wasker or incompetent members.
High-level gravel terraces occur on the bands of Rana Khad. The geological succession
of the formations in and around the Mine lease area is given in Table 3.3:
Table 3.3 : Geological succession of the formations in and around the Mine lease area
Age Formation Lithology
Recent to Sub-Recent Fluvio-glacial sand, silt,
terrace gravels etc.
Pliestocene Upper Silwalik Boulder conglomerate
sandstone, sandrock,
siltstone with minor
clayshale and clay-stone
---------------------------------- Palampur Thrust ---------------------------------
Eocene to Lower Miocene Dharamshala Interbedded sandstone,
siltstone, clayshale,
claystone etc.
---------------------------------- Shali Thrust (Main Boundary
Fault)
----------------------------------
The Mine site is located in the schuppen belt, exposing the Dharamshala and the Siwalik
formations in closely faulted strips where the individual fault blocks from homocline. The
regional strike of rock formations vary from N 100 W-S 100E to N400 W – S400E and the
dip is of the order of 400 to 750 towards easterly direction. In the bed portion of Rana
Khad, the rock is covered by alluvial over burden barring a few small exposures of sand
stone and clay stone on the right side of the channel. The regional geology map of
Himachal Pradesh is shown in Figure 3.10.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 59
Figure 3.10 : Regional geology map of Himachal Pradesh
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 60
3.3.2. Geology and sub-surface geology of the Area
The mine lease area lies in lesser Himalayas and forms part of Rana Khad which
passess through manygeological formations comprising mostly of granite quartzite,
siltstone, shale and Phyllite. Therefore, the lease area has boulders, sand and bajri of
these formations. During the sub surface geological exploration for the UHL Stage-III
project the project proponent drilled hole (35.6m deep) in the center of the Rana Khad
near Aqueduct site lying in mine lease area balh. The geological log of the drill hole
showns that the over burden mainly consist of fluvial deposits, boulders, gravels, sand
and sil of granite and quartzite upto a depth varying from 9.5 m to 18.28 m. The starta
underneath below 18.28 to 36.58 m comprises of sand stone and siltstone. The
geological map of the mine lease area is shown in Figure 3.11.
890
895
895.96
900
902.77
905
904.77
902.66
906.30
906.68908.83
910915920
920.88
927.28
927.69
928.88
914.48914.99
920
915
910
905
910
915
903.5
9
916.75
920
920908.05
915
905910
HFL
LWL
HFL
900
899
898.74
896.6
0
897.88
897.80
899.67898.85
898.28
899.30
903.38
905
902.3
6PATH
905.6
95
901.4
1
KUHL
900.
96
902.367
901.5
7
901.5
1
901.
69
900
899.6
9
898.05
895
890.80
895
890.56
890
894.84896.370 893.20
893.35
897.10
892.25
895.95
895.25 896.03893.796
894.78
895
898.86
895.51
895.51
897.05
880
893.00
893.38892.68
891.72
891.51
891.68
890PATH891.42 891.33
LWL
LWL
889.78
889.80887.36
889.05
BOULDER
ROAD
ROAD
RANA KHAD
HFL
HFL898.45
B/WALL
R/WALL
905
894.16
LEASE BOUNDARY
BOUNDARY PILLAR
CONTOUR
RIVER/KHAD
HFL/LWL
METALED ROAD
15th WIDTH OF KHAD
FOOT PATH
BUILDING
DRY NALA/KHAD
PROHIBITED LAND
EXISTING TREE
LEGEND
N
31°57'50''
`A
B
C
D
E
FG
I
K
H
J
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
31°57'50''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
31°57'55'' 31°57'55''
GEOLOGICAL PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITED DART-BAGLA
SCALE 1:2500
CONTOUR INTERVAL 5m
Figure 3.11 : Geological Map of mine lease area
3.3.3. Hydrogeology
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 61
The rock formations occupying the district range from pre-Cambrian to Quaternary
period. Hard formations forming hilly and mountainous terrain mainly comprises of
igneous and metamorphic rocks belonging to the Jutogh, Shali/ Largi and Shimla group
& occupy the major part of the area in the northern, central and eastern part. Granite and
gneisses are intruded in the meta-sediments of Shali/ Largi and Shimla group. In the
western and southern part sediments comprising sandstone, shale, siltstone,
conglomerate etc of Dharamshala/Sabathu group and Siwallik group of Tertiary age are
observed. Alluvium, terrace deposits, fluvial deposits of Quaternary period occur in the
intermontane valleys, viz., Bahl valley, Sarkaghat valley etc., and constitute an important
unit from ground water point view.
Hydrogeologically, the district is divided into two distinct & well-defined units viz. porous
formations constituted by unconsolidated sediments and the fissured formations or
hard rock formation constituted mainly by semi-consolidated to consolidated rock units.
The Hydrogeological map of Mandi district is depicted in Figure 3.12.
The fissured formation includes the semi-consolidated to consolidated (hard) rocks
exposed in the district and are of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous origin. These
form low and high hill ranges through the district. Fractured and jointed sandstone,
siltstone forms low potential aquifer in the area. In general weathered and fractured hard
formation in favorable hydromorphic areas form aquifer. Fracture zones and contact
zones form the important aquifers in the topographic low areas with poor to moderate
yields.
The unconsolidated sediments comprising fluvial, channel deposits, valley fills and
terrace deposits and alluvial fan constitute the porous aquifers in the district. These
sediments consist of sand, gravels, cobbles, pebbles and boulders interlayered with clay
beds. These sediments form prolific aquifer.
Hydro-geologically the study is comprised of Siwalaik & Subathu Group (Semi-
consolidated). In the study area, fracture or fault zones form potential ground water
zones. Ground water appears in the form of springs and also from the infiltration due to
application of irrigation water and seepages from water utilized for domestic uses. At
places shallow boreholes fitted with hand pumps have been constructed to develop
ground water. The yield of springs and shallow bore wells constructed along the fault /
fracture / contact zones varies between 2 to 10 lps.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 62
Figure 3.12 : Hydrogeological Map of Mandi district
3.4. Meteorology
The meteorological data recorded during the study period is very useful proper
interpretation of the baseline information, surrounding area for air dispersion. Historical
data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the
general meteorological regime of the region.
The climate of the district is sub-tropical in the valleys and tends to be temperate on the
hilltops. In the higher region, the climate remains cold throughout the year. The winter
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 63
snow often comes down to 1300 m amsl. Normally it melts from the end of March from
the places lying below 3300 m. In summer, the whole Bahl valley and other low altitude
are quite hot.
The winter starts from the middle of November and continues till the end of March.
Thereafter the mercury continues rising till the set of Monsoon which starts from the last
week of June or early July and continues till the middle of September. During October
and November, the nights are pleasant whereas the days are a bit hot. Average
minimum and maximum temperature in the district varies from 3° C to 35° C.
The district receives precipitation in the form of rainfall, mainly during the monsoon
period from July to September. The average annual rainfall in the district is about 1136
mm with 55 to 75 average rainy days. Annual average rainfall in the district is highly
variable and ranges from 700 to more than 2000 mm at Joginder nagar. The winter snow
often comes down to 1300 meter. Normally, it melts from the end of March from the
places lying below 3300 meter.
3.4.1. Methodology
The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observation is as per the standard
norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and India Meteorological
Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological
variables in order to generate the site-specific data. Data was collected every hour
continuously from 1st January 2013 to 31st March 2013 covering winter season.
3.4.1.1 Methodology of Data Generation
The Monitoring Station equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed at
a height of 10 m above ground level to record wind speed, direction and temperature.
The meteorological monitoring station was located in such a way that it is free from any
obstructions and as per the guidelines specified under IS: 8829. Cloud cover was
recorded by visual observation.
3.4.1.2 Sources of Information
Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest
IMD stations at Mandi and Dharamshala located about 66 km and 80km from the mine
site in SE and NW direction respectively. In view of the fact that the mine lease area is
near to the boundary of the Kangra district, as compared to the IMD observatory Mandi,
the climate of Kangra district has more influence and bearing on the climate of the study
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 64
area. The available meteorological data of IMD Dharamshala, has been analyzed and
summarized as follows.
3.4.2. Presentation of Data
3.4.2.1 Meteorological Data Recorded at IMD, Dharamshala
The meteorological data was collected from the IMD - Dharamshala, located at EL 1211
masl, which has more pronounced effect on the project site. The data collected from IMD
includes wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The monthly maximum,
minimum and average values are collected for all the parameters except wind speed. All
these parameters are recorded twice a day viz at 0830 and 1730 hours. The collected
data is tabulated in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 : Climatological Data Station: IMD, Dharamshala (1960-1990)
Month
Temperature (OC) Relative Humidity
(%) Rainfall (mm)
Mean
Wind
Speed
(kmph)
Cloud Cover
(Oktas of sky)
Mean
Max Mean Min 8:30 17:30
Monthly
(mm)
Rainy
Days 8:30 17:30
January 14.6 5.6 61 58 93.3 5.1 4 3.6 4.2
February 16.2 7.1 58 54 108.4 5.9 4.9 3.9 4.6
March 20.8 11.1 50 46 112 6.3 4.7 3.8 4.7
April 26.1 15.8 45 37 55 4.5 4.9 3.2 4.4
May 30 19.4 40 33 72.5 5.1 5.6 2.4 3.8
June 31 21.3 55 49 233.3 10.2 4.4 3.2 4.3
July 27.2 20.4 81 78 868.8 21.3 3.3 5.7 6
August 26.4 20 85 84 843.8 22 2.8 5.7 6.3
Septembe
r 26.4 18.3 76 74 322.5
11.9 3.2 3.4 4.9
October 24.9 14.8 60 54 41.3 2.7 3.5 1.3 2.6
November 20.8 10.3 56 52 21.5 1.4 3.4 1.7 2.3
December 16.6 6.9 58 57 61.2 3.2 3.4 3 3.3
Mean 23.4 14.3 60 56 4 3.4 4.3
Total rainfall/Rainy days 2833.6 99.6
3.4.2.2 Meteorological Data Generated at Site
The meteorological parameters have been recorded on hourly basis during the study
period from Jan 2013 to March 2013 and the parameters recorded at site include wind
speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.
3.4.3. Synthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 65
3.4.3.1 Analysis of the Data Recorded at IMD-Dharamshala
1] Temperature
The winter season starts from Middle of November and continues till end of March.
December, January and February are the coolest months. Both the night and day
temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of pre-monsoon season from April to
May. The mean maximum and minimum temperature have been recorded in June
(310C) and January (5.60C) respectively. The extreme minimum and maximum
temperature recorded are 38.30C (8/6/1973) and -1.90C (21/1/1990).
2] Relative Humidity
The air is generally humid during the monsoon season and the weather during other
seasons was observed to be dry. The relative humidity during August at 08:30 hr was
observed to be around 85% and at 17:30 hr, was observed to be in the range of 84%.
The minimum relative humidity was observed during May at 08:30 hr and 17:30 hr as
40% and 33% respectively.
3] Rainfall
The average annual rainfall based on the 30 year IMD data, was recorded to be 2833.6
mm. The monsoon sets in the month of June and continues till September. The
maximum amount of rainfall (868.8 mm) occurs in the month of July followed by August
843.8 mm. The maximum number of rainy days was observed in the month of August
(22 days) while the rainfall occurs approximately 100 days annually. The heaviest rainfall
have been recorded as 316.9 mm (6/8/1958). The average rainfall during monsoon
period has been recorded as 2268.4mm which is 80% of the annual rainfall.
5] Cloud Cover
During the winter and the pre-monsoon seasons, it was observed that the skies were
generally very clear. In the post-monsoon season, generally light clouds were observed
in the evenings, with clear mornings. During the monsoon season, both in the morning
and evenings, the skies were found to be generally clouded.
6] Wind Speed / Direction
Generally, light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year with speed ranging from 1
to 19 kmph. Winds were light and moderate particularly during the morning hours, while
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 66
during the afternoon hours the winds were stronger. The season wise recorded
respective wind pattern is given as below:
A) Wind Pattern during Pre-Monsoon Season
0830 -hr
A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from N
and NE direction.
1730-hr
A review of the windrose diagram showed predominant wind occurring mostly from SW
direction followed by SW and W directions.
B) Wind Pattern during Monsoon Season
0830-hr
A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from NE
direction followed by E direction.
1730-hr
A review of the windrose diagram shown predominant winds are mostly from SW
direction followed by W direction.
C) Wind Pattern during Post-Monsoon Season
0830-hr
A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from NE
direction followed by N direction.
1730-hr
A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from SW
direction followed by W direction.
D) Wind Pattern during Winter Season
0830-hr
A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from NE
direction followed by N direction.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 67
1730-hr
A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from SW
direction followed by W.
3.4.3.2 Observations on Primary Data
The site specific data for the study period in respect of temperature, humidity and rainfall
is presented in Table 3.5.
1. Temperature
Maximum temperature of 25.9 OC (March 2013) and minimum temperature of 7.1 OC
(January 2013) was recorded during the study period January 2013 to March 2013.
2. Relative Humidity
Maximum and minimum relative humidity observed during February 2013 and March
2013, was 63% and 34% respectively.
3. Rainfall
A total of 342.5 mm of rainfall was observed during the study period. The maximum
monthly rainfall of 158 mm was recorded during February 2013. The monthly rainfall
data for year 2012 is presented in Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 : Monthly Rain Fall Data Observed at Joginder Nagar Tehsil (2012)
Month Rain Fall Data (in mm)
January, 2012 132.7
February, 2012 77
March, 2012 41
April, 2012 103.5
May, 2012 27
June, 2012 53.5
July, 2012 926.5
August, 2012 781.1
September, 2012 445.1
October, 2012 18
November, 2012 8
December, 2012 40
Total 2653.4
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 68
4. Cloud Cover
The cloudy skies were observed mostly during the month of February and March.
5. Wind Speed / Direction
The wind rose diagram developed during winter (January 2013 to march 2013) shown in
Figure 3.13 reveals that pre-dominant wind direction occurs mostly from south-west
direction and mean wind speed is 1.45 kmph and the maximum speed observed was
12.2 kmph.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 69
Table 3.6 : Site Specific Meteorological Data
Day
Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13
Temperature (OC)
Humidity
(%)
Rainfall
(mm)
Temperature
(OC)
Humidity
(%)
Rainfall
(mm)
Temperature
(OC)
Humidity
(%)
Rainfall
(mm)
Max. Min. 8:30 17:30 Max. Min. 8:30 17:30 Max. Min. 8:30 17:30
1 17.2 9 61 54 0 16 7.9 59 52 0 19.4 11.9 50 43 0
2 17.1 8.7 61 53 0 15.5 8.1 58 52 0 20.7 12.4 52 43 0
3 17.1 8 61 52 0 15 8 58 51 0 21 12.6 53 45 0
4 15.2 8.2 58 53 0 14.2 7.2 57 50 26 21.4 13.2 53 45 0
5 15.3 8.3 58 53 0 14.4 7.5 59 52 16 22.8 14.3 55 47 0
6 15.4 7.7 59 51 0 14.7 7.7 58 52 46 22.4 14.4 54 48 0
7 15.4 8.3 59 53 0 17.2 8.9 61 54 4 23.4 15.2 55 47 0
8 15.2 7.9 58 53 0 17.5 9.2 62 54 0 22.7 14.9 50 48 0
9 14.7 7.6 57 51 0 17.4 9.5 62 56 0 22.8 14.8 50 48 0
10 15.3 7.8 58 52 0 17.5 9.6 63 56 0 23 15 52 42 0
11 15.9 7.5 59 50 0 16.7 9.9 61 56 0 23.2 15.3 48 43 0
12 15.8 7.4 59 50 0 17.8 9.7 63 56 0 22.7 14.8 47 42 0
13 15.5 7.3 58 50 2 17.3 9.2 61 54 0 25 16.8 51 47 0
14 15.7 7.2 59 50 0 16.2 8.7 59 52 0 22.3 15.2 49 42 41
15 16 7.5 59 53 0 15.9 8.5 59 52 0 21.5 19.8 45 44 7.5
16 15.2 7.7 58 52 0 16 8.2 59 50 6 22.7 15.7 48 43 0
17 14.4 7.3 60 50 0 17.5 9.3 62 54 4 23.2 16.2 47 43 0
18 14.6 7.4 61 53 24 18.2 10.7 57 50 2 23.6 16.7 48 43 0
19 14.6 7.1 61 57 33 18.5 11 59 52 0 22.7 15.6 48 41 0
20 14.7 7.6 62 59 0 19.4 11.4 54 52 0 22.9 15.2 45 39 0
21 14.9 7.8 58 53 0 18.9 11.2 54 48 0 23.3 16.7 46 41 0
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 70
22 15 7.4 58 51 0 19.2 12 54 48 2 24.8 17.2 47 45 0
23 14.5 7.7 57 52 0 19.1 13.2 54 53 12 25.9 18.5 49 46 0
24 15 8 58 52 0 20.5 14.1 56 52 12 25.6 18.3 47 45 38
25 15.1 7.1 58 50 0 21.8 14.8 57 53 0 25.5 17.5 48 43 26
26 15.1 8.1 59 52 0 22.8 15.2 59 54 0 25.4 17.3 48 43 0
27 15.2 8 59 53 0 18.7 11.4 53 52 13 25.5 17.4 48 45 0
28 15.2 8.2 59 54 0 18.9 10.8 54 50 15 25.5 17.2 48 43 0
29 15.1 7.9 58 52 0 - 24.8 17.2 47 39 12
30 15.3 7.5 59 53 0 - 24.4 16.8 46 39 1
31 15.4 7.8 59 52 0 - 25 17.1 47 34 0
Maximum 17.2 22.8 25.9
Minimum
7.1
7.2
11.9
Total
Rainfall 59
158
125.5
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 71
Figure 3.13 : Site Specific Windrose Diagram (Winter)
3.5. Air Quality
The study area represents mostly rural environment. The ambient air quality with respect
to the study zone of 10-km radius around the mine site forms the baseline information.
The various sources of air pollution in the region are traffic, urban and rural activities.
This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air
quality during the mine operation.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 72
This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for
sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.
3.5.1. Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey
3.5.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically
designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the
air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:
Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis;
Topography of the study area;
Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline
status; and
Representatives of likely impact areas.
Ambient air quality monitoring stations were set up at five locations with due
consideration to the above mentioned points. The location of the selected stations with
reference to the project site and details of environmental setting around each monitoring
station are given in Table 3.7 and Figure 3.14.
Table 3.7 : Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Station
Code Name of the Station
Distance from
the Mine
boundary (km)
Direction
w.r.t. the
centre of
Mine Site
Environmental
Setting /
Justification
A-1 Mine Site, Rana Khad - - River bed / Rural
A-2 Dalana 0.4 SW Rural/Residential
A-3 Jalpehr 2.0 NE Rural/Residential
A-4 Tikru 1.5 NW Rural/Residential
A-5 Bagla 0.8 SE Rural/Residential
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 73
Figure 3.14 : Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 75
3.5.1.2 Frequency, Duration And Parameters For Sampling
The duration of sampling of Total Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur dioxide
(SO2), and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) was carried out continuous for twenty four hourly
per day. The monitoring was conducted for two days in a week for three months of
winter month i.e. January 2013 to March 2013. This is to allow a comparison with the
present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (May 20, 1994).
3.5.2. Presentation of Primary Data
The survey results for the three months study period (January 2013 to March 2013) are
presented in detail in Table 3.8. Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, mean,
maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed data for all the
AAQ monitoring stations. The mineral composition of the PM10 for silica content was
carried out and it was found to range between 1.8 – 2.4 µg/m3.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 76
Table 3.8 : Ambient Air Quality results (µg/m3)
Project Site (A-1) Dalana (A-2) Jalpehr (A-3) Tikru (A-4) Bagla (A-5)
Date
PM
10 SO₂ NOx Date
PM
10 SO₂ NOx
PM
10 SO₂ NOx
PM
10 SO₂ NOx Date
PM
10 SO₂ NOx
03/04.01.13 46.4 6.3 13.4 06/07.01.13 55.2 7.1 18.8 56.8 7.7 15.9 45.9 5.5 14.3 02/03.01.13 45.4 6.8 14.0
05/06.01.13 40.5 7.8 12.3 08/09.01.13 58.1 6.3 15.9 46.8 6.8 13.3 43.2 6.2 11.7 04/05.01.13 41.1 8.3 11.5
10/11.01.13 35.7 8.1 17.4 13/14.01.13 52.8 8.9 15.3 57.8 6.2 14.8 44.0 6.6 12.3 09/10.01.13 35.6 8.6 12.6
12/13.01.13 44.6 6.8 14.8 15/16.01.13 57.4 7.7 17.7 57.4 6.5 14.4 41.6 7.0 12.5 11/12.01.13 44.4 7.3 15.0
17/18.01.13 48.3 5.1 11.2 20/21.01.13 53.6 7.0 18.6 53.4 7.3 16.1 45.2 6.1 11.8 16/17.01.13 50.6 5.6 14.4
19/20.01.13 50.6 6.4 11.9 22/23.01.13 48.8 6.8 16.8 50.5 8.0 18.0 40.7 6.3 14.6 18/19.01.13 52.2 6.9 11.8
24/25.01.13 41.8 7.0 14.8 27/28.01.13 52.6 7.6 14.7 47.3 8.5 16.8 39.0 7.7 14.2 23/24.01.13 41.6 7.5 15.3
26/27.01.13 45.0 5.4 13.2 29/30.01.13 49.3 8.0 16.0 49.5 7.7 15.3 36.3 6.0 13.6 25/26.01.13 45.7 5.9 12.8
02/03.02.13 40.9 6.4 12.5 05/06.02.13 42.5 6.9 15.3 44.6 8.0 15.0 37.0 6.8 15.5 01/02.02.13 40.6 6.9 12.5
04/05.02.13 42.6 5.2 14.0 07/08.02.13 46.3 7.8 12.7 46.8 6.8 12.7 38.9 6.5 17.2 03/04.02.13 42.5 5.7 14.4
09/10.02.13 44.2 7.0 14.6 12/13.02.13 44.6 5.7 16.1 49.3 5.9 14.1 40.5 5.8 18.0 08/09.02.13 44.8 7.5 15.2
11/12.02.13 45.8 6.1 11.5 14/15.02.13 43.2 7.1 15.1 54.2 6.2 14.8 46.0 5.3 15.4 10/11.02.13 47.3 6.6 11.8
16/17.02.13 42.3 5.6 16.7 19/20.02.13 45.3 6.4 13.3 43.6 8.7 15.8 40.8 6.1 14.3 15/16.02.13 40.7 6.1 16.3
18/19.02.13 36.3 5.2 15.0 21/22.02.13 44.7 5.9 15.9 39.5 7.0 13.4 38.4 6.8 12.8 17/18.02.13 35.8 5.7 14.6
23/24.02.13 37.9 5.8 12.0 26/27.02.13 40.7 6.5 14.7 38.1 5.5 13.0 40.4 6.6 16.2 22/23.02.13 36.6 6.3 12.3
25/26.02.13 41.5 6.8 15.4 28.02/01/03.13 42.6 6.9 13.7 40.7 6.8 13.3 44.7 5.4 15.7 24/25.02.13 41.3 7.3 15.8
03/04.03.13 44.6 4.9 11.7 06/07.03.13 43.5 7.6 13.1 36.4 6.3 14.2 42.0 5.7 14.9 02/03.03.13 44.4 5.4 11.9
05/06.03.13 43.8 4.6 13.6 08/09.03.13 40.6 7.7 12.8 37.8 5.6 14.9 41.6 6.2 12.2 04/05.03.13 42.6 5.1 13.2
10/11.03.13 48.4 5.5 15.3 13/14.03.13 39.3 7.0 13.3 40.2 5.2 16.1 44.1 6.5 11.9 09/10.03.13 45.5 6.0 15.2
12/13.03.13 45.6 5.3 17.5 15/16.03.13 44.2 6.5 14.7 43.8 5.1 13.2 45.2 7.3 13.3 11/12.03.13 42.3 5.8 17.8
18/19.03.13 44.0 6.0 14.6 21/22.03.13 47.7 6.8 15.2 39.6 5.4 14.7 50.9 7.0 15.0 17/18.03.13 44.1 6.5 15.6
20/21.03.13 39.8 6.3 14.3 23/24.03.13 50.3 7.4 14.3 41.7 5.7 12.8 53.0 6.4 12.6 19.20.03.13 38.7 6.8 14.5
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.734 Ha) Kh. No. 409, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 77
25/26.03.13 44.6 6.9 14.2 28/29.03.13 44.6 7.2 13.2 39.9 6.4 15.5 45.2 6.6 14.5 24/25.03.13 35.8 7.4 13.1
27/28.03.13 46.4 6.4 13.5 30/31.03.13 42.8 7.9 14.0 40.4 6.8 14.0 44.4 5.9 14.1 26/27.03.13 37.4 6.9 12.8
Max 50.6 8.1 17.5 Max 58.1 8.9 18.8 57.8 8.7 18.0 53.0 7.7 18.0 Max 52.2 8.6 17.8
Min 35.7 4.6 11.2 Min 39.3 5.7 12.7 36.4 5.1 12.7 36.3 5.3 11.7 Min 35.6 5.1 11.5
Mean 43.4 6.1 14.0 Mean 47.1 7.1 15.1 45.7 6.7 14.7 42.9 6.3 14.1 Mean 42.4 6.6 13.9
98
percentile 49.6 8.0 17.5 98 percentile 57.8 8.5 18.7 57.6 8.6 17.4 52.0 7.5 17.6
98
percentile 51.5 8.5 17.1
Free Silica Contents varies between 1.8 to 2.4 µg/m3
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 78
Interpretation of the results
The summary of these results for each location representing winter season are presented in
Table 3.9. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB) for rural /residential zone.
Core Zone – Mine Area (A1)
monitored in the Mine area showed 98th
percentile value of 49.6 µg/m3
98th percentile values of Sulphur dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen in the mine area
from the monitored data were 8.0 µg/m3 and 17.5 µg/m3 respectively.
Buffer Zone (Stations A-2 to A-5)
PM10 values monitored at 4 locations showed 98th percentile values in the range of
51 . 5 -57.80 µg/m3. Highest value of 57.8 µg/m3 was recorded at Dalana Village. However,
this value is well within the limits of NAAQ.
98th percentile value of Sulphur dioxide in the study area from the monitored data was
in the range of 7.5 – 8.6 µg/m3. Maximum value of 8.6 µg/m3 was obtained near the
sampling station located at Jalpehr village. The values of SO2 monitored in the study area
are well within the limits of NAAQ standards.
Ambient air quality status monitored for nitrogen oxides in the study area were in the range
with 98th percentile values between 17.1-18.7 µg/m3. A maximum value of 18.7 µg/m3
was prevailing at the time of sampling at village Dalana.
Results of the ambient air quality at all the above locations were found to be well within the
limits of National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards. Concentrations of, PM10, SO2
and NOx are mainly contributed due to vehicular traffic and local activities.
Table 3.9 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Code
Locations
PM10(µg/m3) SO2(µg/m
3) NOX(µg/m3)
Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean
A-1 Mine Site, Rana Khad 50.6 37.2 43.4 8.1 4.6 6.1 17.5 11.2 14.0
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 79
A-2 DalanaVillage 58.1 39.3 47.1 8.9 5.7 7.1 18.8 12.7 15.1
A-3 Jalpehr 57.8 36.4 45.7 8.7 5.1 6.7 18.0 12.7 14.7
A-4 Tikru 53.0 36.3 42.9 7.7 5.3 6.3 18.0 11.7 14.1
A-5 Bagla 52.2 35.6 42.4 8.6 5.1 6.6 17.8 11.5 13.9
3.6. Water Quality
Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10-km
radius of the study area has been studied to assess the water environment and evaluate
anticipated impact of the project. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation
of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest
appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.
The purpose of this study is to:
Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;
Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational
resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and
Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.
The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary
sources.
3.6.1. Methodology
Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on:
Drainage pattern;
Location of residential areas representing different activities /likely impact areas; and
Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.
Two ground water and four surface water sources water sources in the study area were
examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to
assess the effect of industrial and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples
were analyzed as per the procedures specified in “Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater” published by American Public Health Association (APHA).
Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples colleted for
metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were
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collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological
parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study
area. Parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were analysed on spot
at the time of sample collection.
3.6.2. Water Sampling Locations
Surface water samples were grabbed from four locations and ground water from two
locations which were analysed for various parameters to compare with the standards for
drinking water as per IS: 10500 for drinking water as well as IS: 2296 (Class C) for surface
water sources. The water sampling locations are identified in Table 3.10 and depicted in
Figure 3.15.
Figure 3.15 : Water Quality Sampling Locations
Table 3.10 : Water Sampling Locations
Code Location Distance from mine Site
(km)
Surface Water
SW1 Rana Khad u/s 0.1
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SW2 Rana Khad d/s 0.5
SW3 Gugli Khad 2.0
Ground Water
GW1 Dalana 1.5
GW2 Tikru 2.0
3.6.3. Presentation of Results
The results of the water quality monitored during the study period representing winter season
for surface water and ground water samples are given in Table 3.11 to Table 3.12
respectively.
3.6.3.1 Interpretation of Surface Water Quality
The analysis results indicate neutral in nature as pH ranged between 6.78 – 7.48, which is
well within the range of 6.5 - 8.5 specified standard limit. The TDS was recorded to be ranged
between 100-120 mg/l which is well below the desirable limit of 500 mg/l. Dissolved Oxygen
was observed to be in the range of.7.8 – 8.7 mg/l respectively which indicate the surface
water quality is conducive for aquatic life. The Chlorides (ranging between 6.5 mg/l – 8.3mg/l)
and Sulphates (ranging between 9.4 mg/l – 11.5 mg/l) recorded were well within the
permissible limits (Chlorides 600 mg/l and sulphates 400 mg/l). It is evident from the above
values that all the parameters are found to comply with the requirements of IS: 2296
specification of surface water. Bacteriological studies reveal the presence of E. coliforms.
The Heavy metal content is found below detectable limits. The surface water quality is good
for fish culture, irrigation purpose and outdoor bathing except drinking water source with
conventional treatment.
3.6.3.2 Ground Water Quality
Most of the village in the project area have tap water supply mostly off taking from springs as
well as local springs nearby the village and residents of these villages make use of this water
for drinking and other domestic uses.
The analysis results indicate that the pH ranged between 6.9 to 8.13, which is well within the
specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5 limit. Total hardness was recorded to range from 40 to 55
mg/l, which is well within the permissible limits of 300 mg/l at all locations. The Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration recorded ranged between 110 to 130 mg/l that are and
found to be within the permissible limits at all the sampling locations.
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Chlorides at all the locations were within the permissible limit, ranging between 14.67 – 19.56
mg/l. Fluorides were recorded to be ranging in between 0.03 to 0.05 mg/l and are found to be
within the permissible limit. Nitrates are found to be below detection limit. Bacteriological
studies reveal that no coliform bacterial are present in the samples. The heavy metal
contents were observed to be in below detectable limits.
Table 3.11 : Physico chemical and Biological Characteristics of Surface Water
Parameter Unit
Tolerance limits for inland surface
water class A (drinking water
without conventional treatment
but after disinfection) as per
IS:2296 – 1982
Rana Khad
u/s (SW1)
Rana Khad d/s
(SW2)
Gugli Khad
(SW3)
pH - 6.5-8.5 7.32 7.48 6.78
Turbidity NTU - 4.4 3.0 2.6
Conductivity µs/cm - 170 180 150
Total S.S. mg/L - 18 22 16
TDS mg/L 500 110 120 100
Total
Alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/L 200 45 50 40
Chloride as Cl mg/L 250 8.3 6.7 6.5
Sulphate as
SO4
mg/L 400 11.5 9.4 9.6
Nitrate as
NO3
mg/L 20 BDL BDL BDL
Phosphate as
PO4
mg/L - BDL BDL BDL
Total
Hardness as
CaCO3
mg/L 300 80 90 60
Calcium as
CaCO3
mg/L 200 67.4 75 49.2
Magnesium
as
mg/L 100 12.6 15 10.8
Sodium as NA mg/L - 2.5 4 3.0
Potassium as
K
mg/L - 2.0 1 1.5
Fluoride as Fl mg/L 1.5 0.07 0.06 0.05
Iron as Fe mg/L 0.3 0.15 0.14 0.16
Cadmium as mg/L 0.01 BDL BDL BDL
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Cd
Chromium as
Cr6+
mg/L 0.05 BDL BDL BDL
Lead as Pb mg/L 0.1 BDL BDL BDL
Zinc as Zn mg/L 15 BDL BDL BDL
Manganese
as Mn
mg/L 0.5 BDL BDL BDL
Copper as Cu mg/L 1.5 BDL BDL BDL
Nickel as Ni mg/L - BDL BDL BDL
Total
Coliforms
MPN/
100ml
50 15 16 24
E-Coli MPN/
100ml
- 6 7 11
Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/L 6 8.6 8.7 7.8
COD mg/L - 12.3 12.0 14.6
BOD (5 days
at 200C)
mg/L 2 3.8 3.7 4.7
Oil & Grease mg/L 0.01 BDL BDL BDL
Arsenic as As mg/L 0.05 BDL BDL BDL
Selenium as
Se
mg/L 0.01 BDL BDL BDL
Mercury as
Hg
mg/L 0.001 BDL BDL BDL
*IS: 2296 Class C Limits as described by CPCB
- Limits not specified as per IS code
Table 3.12 : Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Ground water
Parameter Unit
Drinking water specification as per
(IS:10500)
Location
Desirable limit Permissible Limit
in absence of
alternate source
Dalna
(Drinking
Water)
Tikru
(Drinking
Water)
pH - 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 8.13 6.90
Turbidity NTU 5 10 0.8 0.6
Conductivity µs/cm 205 175
TDS mg/L 500 2000 130 110
Total
Alkalinity
mg/L 200 600 110 70
Chloride mg/L 250 1000 19.56 14.67
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Sulphate mg/L 200 400 15.42 9.34
Nitrate mg/L 45 No relaxation BDL BDL
Phosphate mg/L - - BDL BDL
Total
Hardness
mg/L 300 600 55 40
Calcium mg/L 75 200 49.3 35.8
Magnesium mg/L 30 100 5.7 4.2
Sodium mg/L - - 7.4 8.5
Potassium mg/L - - 4.3 2.2
Fluoride as
F
mg/L 1.0 1.5 0.08 0.05
Iron as Fe mg/L 0.3 1.0 0.13 0.12
Cadmium mg/L 0.003 No relaxation BDL BDL
Total
Chromium
mg/L 0.05 No relaxation BDL BDL
Lead as Le mg/L 0.01 No relaxation BDL BDL
Zinc as Zn mg/L 5 15 BDL BDL
Manganese mg/L 0.1 0.3 0.05 0.01
Copper as
Cu
mg/L 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL
Nickel as Ni mg/L 0.02 No relaxation BDL BDL
Total
Coliforms
MPN/100ml Must not be
detected in any
100ml
Must not be
detected in any
100ml
Absent Absent
E-Coli MPN/100ml Must not be
detected in any
100ml
Must not be
detected in any
100ml
Absent Absent
Boron as B mg/L 0.3 1.5 BDL BDL
3.6.4. Hydrology of Rana Khad
The hydraulic action of flowing water hits against river banks and beds. Flowing water surges
into the cracks and breaks and loosen pieces of rock and soil, thus the eroded sediment from
the catchment can be transported to the d/s by the flow of water. Therefore an assessment of
the discharge at the point of intervention is essential as it shows the pattern of flow during a
year.
Based upon the ten-daily extended/observed discharge data of Rana khad near Bagla G&D
site for long term (June 1974 to May 1998), it is evident that in 90% dependable year, the
minimum and the maximum flow observed are 1.6 and 21.11 cumec respectively. The
maximum observed average ten-daily discharge at G&D site Bagla is 53.39 cumec. The 10
daily flow series at G&D site bagla in 90% dependable year is shown in Table 3.13.
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Table 3.13 : Ten daily Flow Series
Month Ten-daily In flow in 90 %
dependable year
(cumec)
In flow in 90 %
dependable year(MCM)
June
i 1.6 1.3824
II 3.66 3.16224
III 3 2.592
July i 9.63 8.32032
II 13.91 12.01824
III 15.29 14.531616
August i 13.55 11.7072
II 15.79 13.64256
III 21.11 20.06294
September i 17.97 15.52608
II 10.28 8.88192
III 9.8 8.4672
October i 7.27 6.28128
II 4.95 4.2768
III 4.52 4.295808
November i 3.97 3.43008
II 3.82 3.30048
III 3.61 3.11904
December i 3.31 2.85984
II 3.33 2.87712
III 3.56 3.383424
January i 5.1 4.43232
II 3.72 3.21408
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III 3.42 3.250368
February i 3.48 3.00672
II 3.11 2.68704
III 2.79 2.169504
March i 2.39 2.06496
II 2.15 1.8576
III 2.14 2.033856
April i 2.35 2.0304
II 2.09 1.80576
III 1.88 1.62432
May i 2.15 1.8576
II 1.99 1.71936
III 1.78 1.61712
Total 189.4896
3.6.5. SEDIMENT YIELD FROM WATERSHED
The rate of gross or absolute silt production (erosion) in the watershed and the ability of the
stream system to transport the eroded material in a river and then to a reservoir has the
direct relation with the quantity of sediment delivered into a reservoir. The rate of gross
erosion is dependent upon many physical factors live climatic conditions, nature of soil, slope
of the area, topography and the land use. Hydro-physical conditions of the watershed govern
the capability of transporting the eroded material. It has been observed that the average rate
of sediment production decreases as the size of drainage area increase and the larger
watershed the lesser is the variation between the rates. The larger watershed presents more
opportunity for deposition of silt during its traverse from the point of production. The
watershed with maximum land use class of forest generate very low rate of production unless
the forest are degraded or open forest. The cultivated watersheds with unscientific farming
produce very high rate of silt production. The total amount of eroded material, which reaches
a particular hydraulic control point, is termed as sediment yield. The sediment control of
inflow is governed by the following significant factors:
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(i) Character of run-off
(ii) Susceptibility of soils
(iii) The extent and density of vegetative cover in the area
(iv) The hydraulic efficiency of the drainage system.
Sediment sampling over a substantially long period is a suitable and logical method of
obtaining on information of sediment load being carried out by a stream. No sediment load
observation have been made in the case of any stage of the Uhl HEP, as these are mainly R-
O-R schemes. In the absence of silt studies, either in the Basin of Uhl Khad or Rana khad, it
is prudent to rely on silt studies carried out in the Beas basin. The study of sediment load of
the Beas has been carried out at a place called Thalout about 1 km downstream of Larji dam
on the Beas by the Sediment Research Laboratory, BBMB, Pandoh over the years 2002 to
2006 i.e. before the commissioning of the Larji dam. The results of the daily sampling has
been treated as average daily sediment load and on its basis the average annual yield of
sediment at the site has been worked out. The month wise silt load during various years is
enumerated in Table-3.14.
Table 3.14 : Monthly Sediment Load (ha.m.) of the Beas at Thalout
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
2002 0.28 0.55 8.03 22.13 36.60 61.82 125.59 31.62 1.44 0.40 0.31 288.75
2003 0.19 0.27 1.44 5.11 9.58 33.97 105.98 65.59 22.08 2.07 0.54 0.26 247.08
2004 0.23 0.33 0.76 1.13 10.81 24.87 85.68 1184.13 25.51 7.27 0.55 0.27 1341.53
2005 0.24 0.72 4.42 5.21 9.28 52.11 362.02 37.34 24.32 4.02 0.75 0.28 500.70
2006 0.23 0.36 0.79 2.28 10.40 8.60 68.48 117.85 23.03 232.04
Total 1.16 2.23 7.41 21.77 62.19 156.16 683.97 1530.50 126.57 14.79 2.24 1.11 2610.10
Source: Catchment Area Treatment Plan, Pandoh Dam (BSL).
Thus on the basis of the average annual value of the suspended sediment load and
assuming 15% bed load, the silt rate of the Beas at Thalout has been assessed as 12.22
ha.m./100 sq km / year.
3.6.6. Computation of annual Sedimentation load:
Based on ten-daily silt load and discharge of Beas at Thalout for period 2002 to 2006, the
sediment rate is worked out as under.
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Total sediment load for 5 years observed at Thalout=2610.1 ham
Thus total sediment load for 1 year/hundred sq km = 2610.1 / 5 / 49.21 = 10.61 ham / 100 sq
km/year
Bed load at 15 % of =1.60 ham/100 sq km/year=
Gross sediment load =10.61+1.61=12.21ham/100 sq km/year
Annual sediment load /sq km =0.1222 ham=1222 cum
Sediment load in 98.90 sq km=120855.8 cum or say 120856 cum.
Sediment load in metric ton @ 2.25 MT/cum=271926 MT of RBM
The sediment load, deposited as river borne material (RBM), shall be intercepted up to the
mine lease area shall get deposited at such reaches where the river section shows excessive
and repetitive sinuous path and where the river bed slope is very gentle such that during high
stage of the river the flow velocity falls below 3 meter/sec, the particles are deposited are
depending upon the rivers energy. In the present case Rana khad exhibits sinuous path after
its confluence with Gugli khad. The maximum annual extraction of RBM from the mine lease
area is 15000 metric tons only. Thus considering the rotational method of mining in
segregated zone and for maximum ROM of 15000metric tons the mining can be safely done
at depositional places. Thus the feasible to take out 15000 metric tons of RBM/year during
the course of running of the river bed mine in question. The annual deposition rate at the
mining site varies from 1 to 3 cm depending upon the curvature of the river section. At some
places it may exceeds 3 cm.
3.6.7. Competency of river:
Competency of a river is a measure of the maximum size of the river borne material a river is
capable of transporting and it is directly dependent upon the velocity of flow of the river. The
competence of a river increases as square of its velocity. The maximum load of solid
particles a river can transport is termed as its capacity. The greater the discharge in the river,
the greater shall be the capacity for hauling the sediments. The higher velocities are
developed when the rivers are in high stage. In the present case, Rana Khad, a hilly river,
from its origin at EL 3122 masl to Balh mine site (EL 871 masl), the khad negotiates a total
fall of about 2251 m thus implying that the average river bed slope is 100.95 m/km. Such
high bed gradient are capable of generating high velocities. On an average the competency
of stream at the point of mining site is 120 to 90cm x 60 to 90 cm x 60 x 30 cm. (Figure 3.16)
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Figure 3.16 : Riverbed material in mine area
3.7. Soil Characteristics
Soil fertility is an aspect of the soil-plant relationship. Fertility status of the soils is primarily
and importantly dependent upon both the macro and micronutrient reserve of that soil.
Continued removal of nutrients by crops, with little or no replacement will increase the
nutrient stress in plants and ultimately lowers the productivity. The fertility status of the soils
mainly depends on the nature of vegetation, climate, and topography, texture of soil and
decomposition rate of organic matter. Optimum productivity of any cropping systems
depends on adequate supply of plant nutrients
The fertility of the soil depends on the concentration of N, P, K, organic and inorganic
materials and water. Nitrogen is required for growth of plant and is a constituent of
chlorophyll, plant protein, and nucleic acids. Phosphorus is most often limiting nutrients
remains present in plant cell nuclei and act as energy storage. It helps in transfer of energy.
Potassium is found in its mineral form and affect plant cell division, carbohydrate formation,
translocation of sugar, various enzyme actions and resistance to certain plant disease, over
60 enzymes are known to require potassium for activation.
It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area to identify the current impacts of
urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also predict impacts, which may arise
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due to the project operations. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality
has been carried out.
3.7.1. Data Generation
For studying soil profile of the region, four sampling locations were selected to assess the
existing soil conditions in and around the Mine area representing various land use conditions.
The samples have been collected from three different depths from 5 to 15cm and
representative samples prepared by thoroughly mixing. The homogenized samples were
analysed for physical and chemical characteristics.
The details of the sampling locations are given in Table 3.15 and are shown in Figure 3.17.
The soil quality at all the location during the study period is tabulated in Table 3.16. The
results are compared with standard classification given in Table 3.16.
Figure 3.17 : Soil Quality Sampling Locations
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Table 3.15 : Details of Soil Sampling Locations
Location
code Location
Distance from
Mine Site (km)
Bearing w.r.t
Mine Site Present Land Use
S1 Mine site -- River bed
S2 Bagla 0.75 SE Agriculture Land
S3 Tikru 1.5 NW Agriculture Land
S4 Dalana 1.0 S Agriculture Land
Table 3.16 : Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Soil of the Study area
Parameter
Location
Project Site
(River Soil) Bagla
(AgricultureSoil) Tikru
(Agriculture Soil) Dalana
(Agriculture Soil)
Grain Size Distribution - - -
Sand (%) 89.1 74.5 73.9 71.5
Silt (%) 6.0 16.0 15.6 16.3
Clay (%) 4.9 9.5 10.5 12.2
Texture Sand Sandy Loam Sandy loam Sandy loam
pH 6.89 7.51 7.55 7.37
EC (µmhos/cm) 41.5 77.4 76.3 74.2
Bulk Density (g/cc) 1.71 1.58 1.57 1.54
SAR 0.17 0.25 0.24 0.33
Nitrogen (mg/kg) 23 83 110 98
P as PO4 (mg/kg) 3.8 10.4 11.2 10.8
K (mg/kg) 20.9 45.0 72.4 71.9
Ca (mg/kg) 457 412.8 530 582
Mg (mg/kg) 138 179.4 297 313
Na (mg/kg) 15.4 23.7 27.9 39.3
Organic Carbon (%) 0.22 0.55 0.68 0.74
Manganese (mg/kg) 4.3 7.8 8.9 9.6
Zinc (mg/kg) 1.24 2.47 2.53 2.76
Boron (mg/kg) 1.47 5.86 6.4 6.2
3.7.2. Soil reaction classes and critical limits for Macro and Micro nutrients in soil
According to Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970), the soils are grouped under different soil
reaction classes viz extremely acidic (pH<4.5), very strongly acidic (pH 4.5 – 5.0 ), strongly
acidic (pH 5.1 – 5.5), moderately acidic (pH 5.6-6.0), slightly acidic (pH 6.1-6.5), neutral (pH
6.6- 7.3), slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.8), moderately alkaline (pH 7.9-8.4), strongly alkaline (pH
8.5-9.0).The soils are rated as low (below 0.50 %), medium (0.50-0.75 %) and high (above
0.75 %) in case of organic carbon, low (<280 kg ha-1), medium (280 to 560 kg ha-1) and high
(>560 kg ha-1) in case of available nitrogen, low (< 10 kg ha-1), medium (10 to 25 kg ha-1)
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and high (> 25 kg ha-1) for available phosphorus, low (< 108 kg ha-1), medium (108 to 280
kg ha-1) and high (> 280 kg ha-1) for available potassium and low (<10 mg kg-1), medium
(10-20 mg kg-1) and high (> 20 mg kg-1) for available sulphur (Singh et. al. 2004, Mehta et.
al.1988). Critical limits of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B, which separate deficient from non-deficient
soils followed in India are 4.5, 2.0, 0.5, 0.2 and 0.5 mg kg-1 respectively. (Follet and Lindsay,
1970 and Berger and Truog, 1940).
3.7.3. Interpretation of Soil Characteristics
Interpretation of Soil Characteristic has been dwelled in following sub-sections
3.7.3.1 Soil Texture
The soils of study area are mountainous soil. As per grain size distribution the % of sand in
four samples varied from 71.5% to 89.6%, silt varied from 6 to 16.3% and clay from 4.9% to
12.2%. Thus the soil texture ranges from Sand to Sandy loam as per triangular classification
of soil texture.
3.7.3.2 Soil Reaction
Soil pH is an important soil property, which affects the availability of several plant nutrients. It
is a measure of acidity and alkalinity and reflects the status of base saturation. The soil pH
ranges from 6.89 to 7.55, thereby indicating the soil is neutral.
3.7.3.3 Organic Carbon
The effect of soil organic matter on soil properties is well recognized. Soil organic matter
plays a vital role in supplying plant nutrients, cation exchange capacity, improving soil
aggregation and hence water retention and soil biological activity. The Organic Carbon
content of soil varied from 0.22% to 0.74%, thereby implying that soils are low to medium in
organic content.
3.7.3.4 Macronutrients
Nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are considered as primary
nutrients and sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth,
development and yield differentiation of plants and are generally required by plants in large
quantity.
Available Nitrogen
Nitrogen is an integral component of many compounds including chlorophyll and enzyme
essential for plant growth. It is an essential constituent for amino acids which is building
blocks for plant tissue, cell nuclei and protoplasm. It encourage aboveground vegetative
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growth and deep green colour to leaves. Deficiency of nitrogen decreases rate and extent of
protein synthesis and result into stunted growth and develop chlorosis. Available nitrogen
content in the surface soils ranges between 23 and 110 mg/kg (59.0 kg/ha- 259kg/ha)
thereby indicating that soils are low in available nitrogen content.
Available Phosphorus
Phosphorus is important component of adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) and adenosine tri-
phosphate (ATP), which involves in energy transformation in plant. It is essential component
of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the seat of genetic inheritance in plant and animal.
Phosphorous take part in important functions like photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, crop
maturation, root development, strengthening straw in cereal crops etc. The availability of
phosphorous is restricted under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to P-fixation. In
acidic condition it get fixed with aluminum and iron and in alkaline condition with calcium.
Available phosphorus content ranges between 3.8 and 11.2 mg/kg( 9.75kg/ha-28.7kg/ha)
thereby indicating that soils are low to medium in available phosphorus.
Available Potassium
Potassium is an activator of various enzymes responsible for plant processes like energy
metabolism, starch synthesis, nitrate reduction and sugar degradation. It is extremely
mobile in plant and help to regulate opening and closing of stomata in the leaves and uptake
of water by root cells. It is important in grain formation and tuber development and
encourages crop resistance for certain fungal and bacterial diseases.
Available potassium content in these soils ranges between 20.9 and 72.4mg/kg (53.6kg/ha-
171kg/ha) thereby indicating that the soils are low to medium in potassium content.
3.7.3.5 Micronutrients
Proper understanding of micronutrients availability in soils and extent of their deficiencies is
the pre-requisite for efficient management of micronutrient fertilizer to sustain crop
productivity. Therefore, it is essential to know the micronutrients status of soil before
introducing any type of land use.
Available Manganese
Manganese is essential in photosynthesis and nitrogen transformations in plants. It activates
decarboxylase, dehydrogenase, and oxidase enzymes. The available manganese content in
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surface soils ranges between 4.3 and 9.6 mg kg-1. As per the critical limit of available
manganese (> 2 mg kg-1), all the soils are sufficient in available manganese.
Available Zinc
Zinc plays role in protein synthesis, reproductive process of certain plants and in the
formation starch and some growth hormones. It promotes seed maturation and production.
The available zinc in surface soils ranges between 1.24 and 2.76 mg kg-1 and is sufficient
(>0.5 mg kg-1).
Available Boron
Boron increases solubility and mobility of calcium in the plant and it act as regulator of K/Ca
ratio in the plant. It is required for development of new meristematic tissue and also
necessary for proper pollination, fruit and seed setting and translocation of sugar, starch and
phosphorous etc. It has role in synthesis of amino acid and protein and regulates
carbohydrate metabolism.
The available boron content in the soils ranges from 1.47 to 6.4 mg/kg-1. The critical limit for
deficiency of the available boron is <0.5. mg kg-
3.8. Noise Environment
The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and
vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential
damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community
responses.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:
Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It
can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one, which is continuously
varying in loudness.
The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential
areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance and
The location of the noise sources, with respect to noise sensitive landuse, which
determines the loudness and period of exposure.
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The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced
Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The environmental
impact assessment of noise from the project operation, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by
taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological
responses, and annoyance and general community responses.
3.8.1. Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise
generating sources in the area. Noise at different generating sources has been identified
based on the activities in the village area and traffic.
The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels in the
study area. The noise level at each location were recorded for 24 hrs. The environment
setting of noise monitoring locations is given in Table 3.17 and shown in Figure 3.18.
Figure 3.18 : Noise Sampling Locations
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Table 3.17 : Details of Noise Monitoring Locations
Station
Code Name of the Station
Distance from
the Mine
boundary (km)
Direction
w.r.t. the
centre of
Mine Site
Environmental
Setting /
Justification
N-1 Mine Site, Rana Khad - - River bed / Rural
N-2 Dalana 0.4 SW Rural/Residential
N-3 Jalpehr 2.0 NE Rural/Residential
N-4 Tikru 1.5 NW Rural/Residential
N-5 Bagla 0.8 SE Rural/Residential
3.8.2. Method of Monitoring
Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings
were taken for every hour for 24 hrs. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am
to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations within study area. The
hourly noise levels monitored during day time and night time in winter season are presented
in Table 3.18 and the Leq day time and night time noise levels and Leq day and night time
noise levels at each of the sampling location are presented in Table 3.19
Table 3.18 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area
Hours Location
Mine Site Dalana Village Jalpaid Tikru Joginder Nagar
Day Time
06-07 71.8 55.8 48.7 50.9 58.2
07-08 72.2 61.6 61.1 62.5 58.8
08-09 72.2 58.4 60.5 62.8 60.5
09-10 72.5 58.3 56.3 58.4 63.6
10-11 71.8 55.2 50.6 55.9 64.7
11-12 71.3 54.4 51.1 52.3 67.3
12-13 70.6 55.8 56.2 54.6 67.5
13-14 70.5 52.7 57.3 51.8 66.3
14-15 71.4 55.7 55.5 53.9 65.4
15-16 72.6 56.2 50.8 55.9 67.6
16-17 71.7 59.6 57.1 60.0 68.5
17-18 70.8 60.5 60.5 63.2 66.2
18-19 71.2 57.3 62.7 61.1 67.1
19-20 71.6 55.4 59.4 60.6 54.2
20-21 72.3 56.3 54.5 56.8 52.3
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21-22 72.0 50.5 48.7 55.2 48.4
Lmax (Day) 72.6 61.6 62.7 63.2 68.5
Lmin (Day) 70.5 50.5 48.7 50.9 48.4
Leq (Day) 71.7 57.3 57.6 58.9 64.9
Night Time
22-23 71.7 45.6 45.2 51.6 45.5
23-00 71.8 44.2 45.0 50.5 43.3
00-01 70.8 40.7 42.2 42.6 50.7
01-02 70.5 38.9 40.4 41.3 52.3
02-03 72.2 41.3 40.7 41.6 53.8
03-04 72.0 42.6 46.3 46.7 51.4
04-05 71.4 40.4 46.5 47.4 56.3
05-06 71.6 48.6 47.8 46.3 57.8
Lmax (Night) 72.2 48.6 47.8 51.6 57.8
Lmin (Night) 70.5 38.9 40.4 41.3 43.3
Leq (Night) 71.5 43.9 44.9 47.4 53.4
Table 3.19 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area
Location
Code
Noise Sampling
Location
Leq day, dB(A) Leq night, dB(A) Leq day and
night, dB(A)
N1 Mine Site, Rana Khad 71.7 71.5 71.6
N2 Dalana 57.3 43.9 55.6
N3 Jalpehr 57.6 44.9 56.0
N4 Tikru 58.9 47.4 57.3
N5 Bagla 64.9 53.4 63.3
3.8.3. Interpretation of Results
The noise monitoring shows that day and night time noise levels are highest at mine site and
due to flow of river and exceed the prescribed limit. During daytime, the noise levels
marginally exceed the prescribed limit for all other sites. The major source of the noise in the
study area is the flow of river and vehicular movement. The ambient air quality standards in
respect of noise are 75, 65, 55 and 50 dB (A) Leq in daytime and 70, 55, 45 and 40 dB (A)
Leq during nighttime for industrial, commercial, residential and silence zone respectively. The
daytime noise level measured during 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and nighttime measured from
10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m
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3.9. Biological Environment
The biological study of the core area (mine lease area) and buffer zone (10km radius from
mine lease boundary) was carried out to understand the ecological status; to generate
baseline information; and, to predict the probable impacts due to the proposed project on the
biological environment.
3.9.1. Flora
Himachal Pradesh has very diverse flora with forest types varying from tropical to temperate
to Alpine. Himachal Pradesh is rich in floral and faunal resources as nearly 3295 species of
plants out of total 45000 reported in the country are found here, which represents 7.32% of
floral species. As per Champion and Seth, the forests are broadly classified into Coniferous
forests and broad-leaved forests. There are six main types of forest i.e. moist tropical forests,
dry tropical forests, montane sub-tropical forests, montane temperate forests, sub-alpine
forests and alpine forests. The total area of the state under forests is 66.52% whereas, actual
tree cover is just 26.35%. The Mandi districts with a tree cover of 42.35% (1673 sq. km.) is
one of the more forested area and has a rich floral composition. Forests Map of Himachal
Pradesh is shown in Figure 3.19.
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Figure 3.19 : Map of Himachal Pradesh showing forest cover in its various districts (SFR, 2011)
3.9.2. Vegetation type of the study area:
The forests of the tract dealt with are well scattered on the both bank of the river Beas, it can
be broadly classified into following groups on the basis of various factors a) Scrub forests, b)
Bamboo forests, c) Chir forests. The forests of this division can be further grouped into
various forest types as identified by Champion and Seth (1968).
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Group: 5 Dry Tropical forests includes
1. 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forests
2. 5B/DS1/dry deciduous scrub forests
3. 5B/E9 dry bamboo
Group: 9 sub tropical pine forests includes
i) 9/cla-Lower or shivalik chir pine forests
ii) 9/clb upper Himalayan chir pine forests
The general vegetation of the study area is sub tropical in nature. The area of project side
falls under the dry deciduous forest type.
3.9.3. Sampling Methodology for Floral Study
Selection of sites for sampling of vegetation was done by random sampling procedure.
Accordingly quadrats of 10 m x 10 m were laid out for the analysis of tree layer in the
submergence and as well as influence zones. Within these sample plots, 3 m x 3 m plots
were laid out randomly for sampling shrub layer and regeneration of tree species. To collect
information on ground layer and other herbaceous species, quadrats of 1 m x1 m size were
laid out within the tree quadrats. All species encountered during the transect walk were
recorded and their herbarium specimens were prepared for identification and future use.
3.9.4. Flora in core zone
The floristic study in the core zone was carried out at 3 locations viz. River bank side, u/s and
d/s of mine lease area. Trees mainly Dalbergia sissoo, Pinus sp. were present on the banks
of the river (No tree was found within quadrates) Prominent Shrub was Lantana camara in
the whole area (on both side of the banks),Herbs mainly present were Cynodon dactylon,
Stellaria media, Nasturtium officinalis etc Upper stream had very diversified flora as compare
to middle and lower stream. (Table 3.20 and Table 3.21)
Table 3.20 : Floral Species (At river bank Site)
S. No. Common name Scientific name
Trees
1 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo
2 Pinus Pinus spp.
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Shrubs
1 Lantana Lantana camara
2 Jungliber Ziziphus mauritiana
Herbs
1 BilliBooti Stellaria media
2 Common grass Cynodon dactylon
3 Jal narri Polygonum barbatum
4 Neela thotha Ageratum conizoide
Table 3.21 : Floral Species (Up Stream & Down Stream of lease area)
3.9.5. Frequency, abundance and IVI of herbs at Dart site:
About 126.09 of the important value index is contributed by Polygonum barbatum. This
shows that this species was abundant, frequent and dominant in the study area. The
importance value index is imperative to compare the ecological significance of species.
(Table 3.22)
Table 3.22 : Important value index (Herb)
S. No. Herb Relative
Frequency
Relative
Density
Relative
Abundance
IVI pilnpi pixpi
1 Stellaria media 25 9.30 7.54 41.84 -0.22 0.008
2
Polygonum
barbatum 25 55.81 45.28 126.09 -0.32 0.311
3
Cynodon
dactylon 12.5 20.93 33.96 67.39 -0.32 0.043
4
Solanum
nigrum 12.5 2.32 3.77 18.59 -0.08 0.0005
5 Ageratum spp. 25 11.62 9.43 46.06 -0.25 0.013
S. No. Floral Details ( Herbs Species) Up stream
Down stream
Common name Scientific name
1 Billi Booti Stellaria media √ √
2 Common grass Cynodon dactylon √
3 Bhambola Solanum nigrum √
4 Jal narri Polygonum barbatum √ √
5 Nilla thotha Ageratum conizoide √
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3.9.6. Flora in buffer zone
The forest of the study area covering buffer zone lies in Joginder Nagar division, which has
three ranges, viz. Joginder Nagar, Ladbharol and Urla. The forest in the division has good
floral diversity. As per Appendix – X, Working Plan (1995-96) for the division, there are 121
tree species, 97 shrub species, 25 Climbers, 25 Bamboos, 118 herbs. The list is enclosed as
Annexure VII. Inventory of forests within 10km radius of ML area is shown is Table 3.23.
Table 3.23 : Inventory of forests within 10km radius of ML area
S.No. Name Direction Distance (km)
1 Siyuri, PF E 3.5
2 Thorat, PF SE 7
3 Nagan, PF SE 7.5
4 Kadund, PF SSE 8.5
5 Ninpur, PF SSE 9
6 Babhuri Dhar, PF S 6
7 Banon, PF W 1
8 Sukar, PF NW 4.5
9 Tain, PF SW 9
10 Kaproto, PF N 6.5
11 Naini Dhar, PF N 8
12 Riyoti Dhar, PF N 9
13 Marhola Uprala, PF N 10
14 Mihar Dhar, PF NE 9
15 Trimunda, PF NE 7.5
16 Suhi Dhar, PF NE 8
3.9.7. FAUNA
3.9.7.1 Sampling methodologies used for Fauna:
S. No Fauna Sampling Method
1 Butterflies Pollard Walk (Random Walk), Opportunistic observations
2 Amphibians Visual Encounter Survey (search)
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3 Reptiles Visual Encounter Survey (search)
4 Birds Random Walk, Opportunistic observations
5 Mammals Tracks and signs, and Visual Encounter Survey
3.9.8. Terrestrial Fauna
Based on actual sighting as well as secondary information through interaction with local
people/literature. 16 species of birds, 10 mammalian species, 6 species of butterflies, 3
species of reptiles and 2 species of amphibians are reported from the study area (Table 3.24
through 3.28).
Table 3.24 : Birds sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area
S. No Common Name Scientific name
Conservation status (IUCN)
1 Red Wattle lapwing Vanellus indicus LC
2 Common tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius LC
3 Rock pigeon Columbia livia LC
4 Cattle egret Egretta garzetta LC
5 Common hoopoe Upupa epops LC
6 House sparrow Passer domesticus LC
7 Rufous tree pie Dendrocitta vagabunda LC
8 Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus LC
9 White capped red starter Dicrurus macrocerus LC
10 Jungle crow Carvus macrorhynchos LC
11 Common kingfisher Alcedo attis LC
12 Copper smith Barbet Megalaima malabarica LC
13 Shikra Accipiter badius LC
14 Black drango Dicrurus macrocercus LC
15 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis LC
16 Green bee-eater Merops orientalis LC
Table 3.25 : Mammals sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area
S.No Common name Scientific name Conservation status (IUCN)
1 Rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta LC
2 Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamelus LC
3 Wild boar Sus scrofa LC
4 Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum LC
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Table 3.26 : Butterflies sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area
Table 3.27 : Reptiles sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area
Table 3.28 : Amphibians sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area
S. No Common name Scientific name
1. Himalayan Toad Duttaphrynus Himalayanus
2 Toad Bufo viridis
3.9.9. Aquatic Ecology
5 Hare Lepus timidus LC
6 Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii LC
7 House Mouse Mus musculus LC
8 Indian Porcupine Hystrix indica LC
9 Common palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum LC
10 Yellow throated Marten Martes flavigula LC
S. No. Common name Scientific name
1 Blue pansy Junonia hierta
2 Striped crow blue Euploea mulciber
3 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus
4 Indian large cabbage Pieris candia
5 Hill jezebel Delias belladonna
6 Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe
S. No. Common name Scientific name
1 Common rat snake Ptyas mucosa
2 Cobra Naja naja
3 Monitor lizards Varanus bengalensis
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Aquatic ecosystem harbors a variety of plants and animals varying from primary producers to
large consumers forming different trophic levels. These animals and plant communities are
considered as the best indicators of the environment, which responds not only to one
environmental factor but also to an interacting group of factors. Any change with respect to
environmental factors could results threats to the existing the aquatic biological diversity.
3.9.1.1 Aquatic Life Status
Baseline information on aquatic fauna was collected for winter season through extensive field
survey and secondary sources. Three categories of planktons i.e., green algae
(Chlorophyceae) and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) were recorded.
The stream being a freshwater body, the presence of Chlorophyceae was more prominent.
The variation in occurrence of phytoplankton taxa may be due to the water quality, channel
morphology, elevation, geomorphology that occurs in the project site in river Beas and its
tributaries. The river supports the occurrence of diverse aquatic flora and fauna through
congenial habitat in the project influenced area.
The aquatic species from diverse groups of life forms like planktons, zoo-planktons and
macro- invertebrates and fishes recorded in the project sites are described in the Tables 3.29
through 3.31.
Table 3.29 : List of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in the study area
Table 3.30 : Macro-invertebrate inventory as observed in various
sites
Sl . No Order Family Genus
1 Diptera Chironomidae Chironomus
S. No Name of the Genus Class
Phytoplankton
1 Navicula Bacillariophyceae
2 Pinnularia Bacillariophyceae
3 Oedogonium Chlorophyceae
4 Sirogyra Chlorophyceae
Zooplankton
1 Alona Branchiopoda
2 Centropyxis Lobosea
3 Nauplins Crustacean
4 Epiphanes Rotifera
5 Euglypha Imbricatea
6 Vorticella Oligohymenophorea
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2 Clitellata Naididae Tubifex
Aeolosomatidae Aeolosoma
3 Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis
Table 3.31 : Fish Fauna in the influence area
S. No. Fishes Conservation status (IUCN)
1 Salmo trutta LC
2 Nemachelius rupecola LC
3 Puntius spp. LC
4 Tor putitora EN
5 Schizothorax richardsonii VU
3.10. Socio-economic Environment
3.10.1. District Profile
Mandi district has a total geographical area of 3,950 sq km, covers 7.10 % area and ranks
7th in the State. There are 6 towns and 3338 villages in the district of which 2818 villages are
inhabited and 520 are uninhabited. The district has been divided into 6 sub-divisions [Sadar,
Sarkaghat, Sundernagar, Karsog, Gohar, Jogindernagar]. There are 9 tehsils [Sadar,
Thunag, Sundernagar, Sarkaghat, Padhar, Jogindernagar, Lad Bhraol, Karsog, Chachyot] &
7 sub-tehsils [Kotali, Aut, Nihari, Baldwara, Dharampur, Sandhol, Balichowki].
As per 2001 census, the district has a population of 9,01,344 persons with density of
population 228 person per sq km. Population wise it ranks second in the State. The male and
female population in the district is 4,47,872 and 4,53,472 respectively with a male/female sex
ratio of 1012. The schedule cast population in the district is 29% and the schedule tribe
population is 1.2 %. The literacy rate of the district is 72%.
Agriculture is the main occupation of its inhabitants in the project-influenced districts. The
distribution of population by workers and non-workers category is shown in Table 3.32
Table 3.32 : Distribution of population by workers and non-workers
State/ District Population Male Female Total
Himachal
Pradesh
Main Workers 1333361 630521 1963882
Marginal Workers 353297 675282 1028579
Non- Workers 1401282 1684157 3085439
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Total 3087940 2989960 6077900
Mandi
Main Workers 176622 92454 269076
Marginal Workers 59132 126084 185216
Non- Workers 212118 234934 447052
Total 447872 453472 901344
Source: Census of India 2001
3.10.2. Socio-economic Assessment in the Study Area
Most often, development projects are planned based on the availability of exploitable natural
resources. These projects attract flow of finances, investments, jobs and other livelihood
opportunities, which brings in people from different cultural and social background. Such
planned activities not only provide impetus to the local economy but also bring about a multi-
dimensional economic, social and cultural change. Most often it has been observed that such
development projects are commissioned in economically and socially backward areas, which
are inhabited by some of the indigenous populations.
Review of secondary data, such as District Census Statistical Handbooks-2001 and the
records of National Informatics Center data, for the parameters of demography, occupational
structure of people within the general study area of 10 km radius around the project site. The
information in this context was gathered on the following socio-economic parameters viz.
• Demographic profile
• Educational levels
• Occupational Profile
• Cropping pattern
• Other socio-economic parameters
3.10.3. Demographic Profile of 10km radius study area
The study area lies in village Balh under Tehsil Joginder Nagar. The study are covering 10km
radius from the mine site falls in the Tehsil: Joginder nagar, Lad bharol, and Padhar of Mandi
District. Out of 185 villages in study area 97, 73 and 15 come under jurisdiction of Tehsil
Joginder nagar, Lad bharol and Padhar. The total no. of households are 11453 whereas the
total population is 52881 comprising of Male 25391 (48%) and Female 27490 (52%). The
statistics is provided in Table 3.33.
Table 3.33 : Demography of the study area
Name of
Tehsil
No. of
villages
No. of
Household
Total
Population
Male
Population
Female
Population
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Joginder
nagar 97 8108 37437 18218 19219
Lad bharol 73 2657 11795 5350 6445
Padhar 15 688 3649 1823 1826
Total 185 11453 52881 25391 27490
Sex Ratio
The sex ratio is thus 1083 Female per 1000 Male. (Figure 3.20).
Figure 3.20 : Tehsil-wise Male Female Population of the Study Area
SC / ST Population
A considerable 23.70% of the population in the Study Area is constituted by SC/ST of which
SC population constitutes 21.17 % and rest 2.53% is constituted by ST populations (Table
3.34) . A comparative graph of SC/ST Population in Study Area (Tehsil wise) is depicted in
Figure 3.21 and 3.22.
Table 3.34 : List of SC/ST Population (Tehsil-wise)
District Tehsil
Sex
Total
Population General SC ST
Mandi
Jogindar
Nagar
Male 18218 13853 4006 359
Female 19219 14639 4200 380
Lad Bharol Male 5350 4291 1059 0
Female 6445 5231 1211 3
Padhar Male 1823 1160 366 297
Female 1826 1174 355 297
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Total 52881 40348 11197 1336
% of
Total 100 76.30 21.17 2.53
Figure 3.21 : Tehsil-wise SC Population in Study Area
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Figure 3.22 : Tehsil-wise ST Population in Study Area
Literacy Rate
The literacy rate of the study area is 65.7% of which Male literate are 54.8% and female
literate are 45.2%. The illiterates are 34.3% of the total population of which Female illiterates
are 84.9 (Table 3.35). The graphical presentation is shown in Figure 3.23.
Table 3.35 : Male and Female Literates/Illiterates (Tehsil-wise)
District Tehsil Total
Population Literates
Male
Literates
Female
Literates Illiterates
Male
illiterates
Female
Illiterates
Mandi
Jogindar Nagar 37437 25015 13833 11182 12422 4385 8037
Lad Bharol 11795 7677 3932 3745 4118 1418 2700
Padhar 3649 2028 1254 774 1621 569 1052
Total 52881 34720 19019 15701 18161 6372 11789
Percentage 65.7 54.8 45.2 34.3 35.1 64.9
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Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
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Figure 3.23 Gender-wise Distribution of Illiteracy in Study Area
Occupation Scenario
As per Census 2001, out of the total population of 52881, the working population of the area
comprises of 25555 (48.3%) comprising of 19.9% is the Main workers and 28.4% the
marginal Workers. The non-workers are 51.7% of the total population. (Figure 3.24)
Figure 3.24 : Occupational Scenario
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3.10.4. Demographic Profile of zone of influence with in study area
The detailed description of the demographic profile is highlighted in the following sub-
sections, which gives an overall summary of the socio-economic conditions of the population
residing in influence zone villages within 2 km around the mine area (Table 3.36).
Table 3.36 : Demographic profile of the zone of influence
S.No. Village No. of
Household
Total
Population
Male
Population
Female
Population
1 Main Bharola 89 411 185 226
2 Tikru 86 386 184 202
3 Kaunsal 67 312 160 152
4 Balh 23 93 37 56
5 Awair 162 810 414 396
6 Jalpehr 150 758 368 390
7 Dhart Bagla 125 564 265 299
8 Chelang 19 77 35 42
Total 721 3411 1648 1763
3.10.5. Health and Nutritional Status of the Project Affected Population (PAPS)
The health status determines the nature and state of human resource development. Several
economic variables like income, employment, purchasing power and poverty determine the
health status of the people. Health status of the people, in general, determine: the average
expectation of life, number of persons in the productive age group, production, productivity,
earning capacity, employment and family welfare. The determinant factors of health status
include food, nutrition, hygiene, medical facilities, and socio-cultural implications of health,
environmental aspects, education, psychology and worldview of the people. The health
status is manifested in general in the form of prevalent infant mortality rate, life expectancy,
maternal mortality, level of fertility and mortality etc. Besides this, the health status is
connected to the hygienic conditions and nutritional status of the person concerned. The
hygienic condition can be understood in terms of personal hygiene, domestic hygiene,
environmental hygiene and the community hygiene. While the nutritional status denote the
quality and quantity of the staple food, pulses, oil seeds, milk products, vegetable, flesh food
and drinks.
During the survey, the general appearance of the villagers, their hygienic conditions and the
dietary pattern show that they are living in a hygienic and healthy condition. However, people
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suffer from minor problems like eye and skin ailments, common cold and fever. Proper
medical aid facilities do not exist in the village or area and the people depend on their age-
old health care practices.
The staple food is chapatti made from wheat and maize flour and rice. Pulses and different
vegetables are other major food items. Availability of milk and milk products to the villagers is
very good due to large number of livestock in the area.
3.10.6. Caste Categories
Social stratification on the basis of caste is very much prevalent in our society from the date
back to the history. In the mountainous region, the population from general/upper castes is
richer than SCs in terms of land and livestock from days back to the times of local kingdoms.
As per the classification under our constitution castes are divided into 4 major groups i.e.,
General, SC, ST and OBC as per their social status. As per the study conducted 3 castes
namely General, SCs and OBCs are observed. General population divided into Brahmins
and Rajputs dominate the project affected area. The schedule cast and schedule tribe
population constitutes 20.6 % and 0.7% respectively of the total population (Table 3.37).
Table 3.37 : Caste distribution pattern in influence zone
S.No. Village Total
Population
SC
Population
SC
(Male)
SC
(Female)
ST
Population
ST
(Male)
ST
(Female)
1 Main Bharola 411 89 42 47 0 0 0
2 Tikru 386 9 3 6 18 9 9
3 Kaunsal 312 64 33 31 6 4 2
4 Balh 93 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Awair 810 169 93 76 0 0 0
6 Jalpehr 758 252 130 122 0 0 0
7 Dhart Bagla 564 119 53 66 0 0 0
8 Chelang 77 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 3411 702 354 348 24 13 11
3.10.7. Housing Pattern
All the villagers have their own houses. As per study generally they live in 3 types of housing
structures:-
1) Pucca house made up of stone/brick cement masonry with R.C.C roof.
2) Kuccha houses made up of stone and mud with inclined roof.
3) Mixed houses made up of stone/brick cement masonry walls and slate/tin roofs.
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3.10.8. Educational Profile
Education acts as the building block for a society. It determines the social behavior of the
person or the society as a whole. Proper education leads to the upliftment of society by
creating awareness towards the changes and their impacts on their lives. It also determines
the living standard and the thought of a society. Educational standard and the occupation /
occupational efficiency are positively correlated. This also corresponds to the economic
status of the person or the community as a whole.
The education levels among the villages varied from being illiterate to being postgraduates.
As all villages have at least a primary school, the literacy levels are high among the younger
generation. Most of the elderly people were either illiterate or had not studied beyond Class
X. Most of the younger people had however, studied till Class X at least. There were a few
graduates.
Infrastructure is an important indicator of level of development and the potential for future
growth in particular area. The quality of school largely depends upon the type of
infrastructure available. The information with regard to availably of various level educational
facilities is given in Table 3.38.
Table 3.38 : Availably of various level educational facilities
S.No. Village Primary
School
Middle
School
Secondary
School
Higher
Secondary
School
College
1 Main Bharola 2 0 0 0 0
2 Tikru 1 1 1 0 0
3 Kaunsal 1 0 0 0 0
4 Balh 0 0 0 0 0
5 Awair 3 0 0 0 0
6 Jalpehr 0 0 0 0 0
7 Dhart Bagla 1 0 0 0 0
8 Chelang 1 0 0 0 0
3.10.9. Health Care Facilities
Health infrastructure (Table 3.39) is also very few in numbers in the area. Local people have
to travel a long distances for their basic medical needs. A large number of people have been
reported to be suffering from cold, malaria, and diarrhea etc. The existing PHCs and
Veterinary centers were observed to have dearth of doctors and require urgent attention.
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None of the villages has PHC facilities. Only Kaunsal village has an Ayurvedic dispensary, for
treatment, people have to go to govt. hospital at Joginder nagar.
Table 3.39 : Location of Hospitals and PHC
S.No. Village Hospital Dispensary PHC PHSC
1 Main Bharola 0 0 0 1
2 Tikru 0 0 0 0
3 Kaunsal 0 1 AY 0 0
4 Balh 0 0 0 0
5 Awair 0 0 0 0
6 Jalpehr 0 0 0 0
7 Dhart Bagla 0 0 0 0
8 Chelang 0 0 0 0
Source: Census 2001
3.10.10. Occupational Profile
Agriculture is the primary occupation in all the villages it is followed by animal husbandry as
many people sell milk or other dairy products. Very few people have regular jobs, of which
the government jobs are even fewer. Most of the private jobs are in the local
hotels/restaurants and as drivers some people also operate their vans/jeeps/cars etc as
tourist vehicles. The overall distribution of the working population comprising of main workers
and marginal workers in the villages is show in Table 3.40. It is evident from the table that the
workers population is 1466 (43%) of which main and marginal workers constitutes 43% and
57% respectively.
Table 3.40 : Occupational profile of people in project area
Village Total
Population
Workers
Population
Male
Workers
Female
Workers
Main
Workers
Population
Marginal
Workers
Population
Non
Workers
Population
Main
Bharola 411 209 91 118 73 136 202
Tikru 386 209 95 114 77 132 177
Kaunsal 312 170 86 84 141 29 142
Balh 93 44 16 28 8 36 49
Awair 810 366 175 191 145 221 444
Jalpehr 758 180 127 53 120 60 578
Dhart Bagla 564 249 114 135 55 194 315
Chelang 77 39 16 23 12 27 38
Total 3411 1466 720 746 631 835 1945
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3.11. Crop Rotation
The study area supports good agriculture as there are vast chunk of terrace fields where
state irrigation by way of small Kules (FIS), Lift Irrigation Schemes (LIS) have been provided
by the state besides this due to good rainfall crops are also grown in non-irrigated areas. Due
to good climate, soil fertility and availability of moisture from rain or irrigation sources Kharif
and Rabi crops are grown. The major crops grown are paddy, wheat, maize, barley, millets,
mustard, sesame, pulses and vegetables like potato, ginger and chilly etc.
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CHAPTER 4. : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1. Introduction
With the commissioning of the mining activities of the proposed project, it is expected that
there shall be certain changes in the overall environmental matrix of the area. The base line
data of the existing environment, in the absence of proposed project activities, provides the
status of natural environment and when this is evaluated in conjunction with the proposed
activities it further provides a mechanism for prediction of changes likely to happen. In
present study likely impact and its extent on various environmental parameters viz.
topography and drainage, land, water, hydrology, noise, air, ecological and socio-economics
were undertaken by assessing the baseline environmental status of the area and estimation
were made as how this will change with commencement of project activity. The mitigation
measures have been developed with a view to bring down the levels of impacts within limits.
In each of the areas of impact, measures have to be taken to mitigate adverse impacts and
where these are beneficial in nature such impacts are to be enhanced/augmented so that the
overall adverse impacts are reduced to substantial extent.
4.2. Impacts on Topography And Drainage
4.2.1. Topography
The core zone i.e. the proposed mine lease area is within the flow section of hill
stream/Khad/river. The riverbed is strewed with large boulders, medium size boulders,
cobbles, pebbles and sand within the flow section either scattered or in the form of
compacted material lying in shoal deposits along the course of river. The highest and the
lowest altitudes in the ML area is 871 and 848 masl respectively. The riverbed slope in the
lease area is 23.5m / km. The mining activity in the riverbed by creating pits per se shall not
lead to any change in the local topography of the area as the pits dug in pervious year shall
be fully or partially replenished during flood in preceding years. There will be no formation of
overburden dumps. Thus there will be no change in topography of either core or buffer zone.
4.2.2. Drainage
Rana khad is a 4th order stream during its course through mine lease area till its confluence
with Neri khad which is again a 3rd order stream downstream of Machyal. Within the mine
lease area Laban Khad with steep gradients meets Rana Khad on its left bank. Besides
these two streams there is no other stream flowing in the mine lease area. Thus the mining
activities in Rana khad shall not cut any lower order stream as these are non-existents and
shall also not impact the flow course of laban khad. Any temporary diversion of discharge of
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any interlacing of parent Rana khad into the main current for facilitating mining shall not alter
either the drainage pattern or the river flow dynamics in core as well as buffer zone.
4.3. Land Environment
4.3.1. Change in land use
The landuse of the core area is river body flowing in forest land. The landuse of the mine
area (core zone) shall continue to be river body, being replenished annually, even during
operation and post operation. The predominant landuse of the buffer zone is dense forest
(48.06%) followed by open forest (25.64%), agriculture (15.45%) and settlement (8.96) of the
total study area (314.09 sq. km) shall not at all be impacted due to mining activity in small
chunk of area.
4.3.2. Change in river course
There will be no change in the river course due to mining as the river course is mainly guided
by the hydraulic gradient of surface water and the geological conditions of the bank and bed
of the river. In the mine lease area the river section is well defined and is confined between
both the flanks.
4.3.3. Impact on soil
The mining plan envisages open cast manual method of mining in excavating the riverbed
deposits and proposed to remove top soil crust (silt/clay) and stacking for future back filling
programme/spreading on upper terraces.
The mine waste in the form of silt/clay in mine lease area are very fine but due to manual
mining, very little dust would be generated. These dust particles are usually blown away
along the wind direction and get deposited on the canopy of surrounding vegetation in the
forests and agricultural crops thereby interfering with photosynthesis and other physiological
activities of the green cover. Finally, this may result in reduced ecological functions of the
forest ecosystems as well as economic productivity of the agro-ecosystems.
4.3.3.1 Mitigation measures
The top soil (devoid of gravel but not lying under the boulders) shall be removed and
stacked separately for spreading on upper terraces/future back filling programme.
Immediately after back filling, the refilled top soil shall be planted with fast growing
leguminous cover of crops and other indigenous herbs, shrubs of pioneer species, apart from
planting of tree species to restore the role soil.
Sprinkling of water, at regular intervals, on exposed surface of silt/clay in upper terraces or
stacks for back filling will further reduce the dust emission due to air .Also, creation of green
belt well before the mining operation stats would also reduce the dust emission.
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4.4. Impacts on Climate
Wind Speed The wind speed in any area is dependent upon local topography and is intimately connected
with the development as high and low pressure zones. The controlling factors for the
pressure changes lie much beyond the manual mining operation in small scale. Thus, no
adverse impact on the regional wind speed is anticipated due to the mining operations.
Temperature The temperature pattern is a regional behaviour and is not likely to be affected by the mining
activity by manual open cast mining in the riverbed.
Rainfall The trend of rainfall follows a regional pattern and is mainly governed by the south west
monsoon and disturbances in the Arabian Sea. The mining operation, therefore, is not likely
to have any adverse impacts on rainfall pattern.
Humidity The pattern of relative humidity depends mainly on the rainfall, wind, temperature and other
weather phenomenon that are regional in behaviour. The mining operation is not likely to
have any impact on the relative humidity in the surrounding
4.5. Water Environment
4.5.1. Impact on Water Resources
Surface Water
In the present case of riverbed mining the requirement of water for dust suppression (0.8
KLD) and green belt (0.3 KLD) shall be met from the local khad in which mining is being
proposed. The total requirement of 1.1 KLD (1.27 X 10-5 cumec) water abstracted from the
khad is infinitesimal as compared to the minimum discharge (1.6 cumec) in the river during
1st 10 daily of June in 90% dependable year. Thus there shall be no impact on surface water
resource.
Ground Water
Hydro-geologically the study is comprised of Siwalaik & Subathu Group (Semi-consolidated).
In the study area, fracture or fault zones form potential ground water zones. The ground
water level in the project area could not be established as it is often the case in mountainous
terrain. Considering the hydro geology of the fluvial deposits along the longitudinal and flow
section of the khad. The groundwater is likely to exist 8 to 10m below the ground level and
the hydraulic gradient seems to follow east south trend which is manifest from the surface
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gradient of the course of Rana Khad at site. The mining activities shall be confined to 1m
depth below natural surface level, therefore the ground water is likely to be intersected.
There will be no impact on the ground water resource as there will be no draft from the
ground water for mining activities. However, the sand, in the river section, acts like a sponge
and consequently help in recharging the water table and thus its continuous removal shall
lead to progressive depletion in infiltration and recharging capacity, but the impact shall be
temporary and insignificant.
4.5.2. Impact on Surface Water Quality
Though the mining activities shall not be in stream mining as the pits will be dug at locations
away from the current, yet due to diurnal variation of flow the possibilities of mining pits being
inundated cannot be ruled out. In such scenario the mining activities shall be again restored
only after the pit water is drained out and channelized into the current by digging small cunit
(drain), in this process some sediments will get dislodged from their position and thus flow
with current. This shall lead to increase in siltation rate. The observed value of total
suspended solids (TSS) ranged between 18 – 22mg/l (18-22 ppm) since the observations
was made during winter season, when the sedimentation rate in the river is invariably low.
Considering 20% increase in siltation due to mining the TSS value shall be of the order of 22
– 26 mg/l. The resultant value of the TSS shall be too low to create any considerable impact
on the turbidity in the river water. The transparency of water shall not be impaired to the
extent that the available sunlight ceases to power the photosynthetic reaction.
Mitigation Measures
The mining in the flooded pits shall be allowed only after the water level has receded.
Sufficient time should be allowed for settling of sediment in the pits
4.5.3. Impact on Ground Water Quality
In view of the facts that the mining activities does not intersect the ground water table. No
impact on the quality of ground water is anticipated. Beside this the sand bajri stone are non-
toxic in nature and therefore percolated water from the pits shall not impair the ground water
quality.
4.5.4. Impact on Hydrological features
The pit mining may lead to channel incision and induce lowering of water table hydrologically
connected to the river. In the mine lease area the river flows within well-defined banks and
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the riverbed slope in the lease area is 23.5m / km, the creation of mine pits in 1m depth and
small surface dimensions, sloping in the general direction of flow, separated by levees, shall
not disturb the existing river bed gradients and thus there will be no possibility of channel
incision. Since, in the present case the highest and the lowest altitudes in the ML area is 871
and 848 masl respectively.
4.5.5. Impact on Morphological features
The excavation steepens the u/s bed slope of the channel and may lower the base level of
the nearby tributary, if any cause their bank erosion. In the present case the average river
bed slope, upto 5.35 km u/s of the mine site is 24.1 m/km which is steeper than the river bed
slope within the mine lease area is 23.5m/km which will be least affected due to lowering of
bed by 1m with in the mine lease area. Thus there will be no increase in steepness in u/s bed
slope of the khad. Besides this the bed level of Laban khad which meets Rana khad laterally
shall not be affected as the former has comparatively high bed gradient at the point of
confluence. The riverbed mining shall be by rotation in the areas fixed for winning the
material in different years. The portion from which the material is extracted shall be again put
to mining activities after encountering two floods i.e. after the pit has replenished.
4.5.6. Impact on Irrigation/Water supply schemes
From the upper most extremity of the lease area of Balh site at approximately 0.8 km u/s a lift
drinking water scheme, constructed by project proponent for providing water supply to project
affected villages and another lift irrigation scheme, Balh Chalargarh LIS (74 ha), takes off
about 400m from the upper extremity of the mine lease area. On d/s of the confluence of
Rana Khad with Luni Khad, Bhararoo, LIS (41 ha), about 3.5 km d/s of mine lease area, also
harness the water of Rana Khad. Since only 1.1 KLD (1.27 X 10-5 cumec) shall be harnessed
from Rana Khad for dust suppression and watering in plantation, there shall be not impact in
the authorized head discharges of the d/s irrigation / water schemes. Due to mining there will
be slight increase in siltation and the resultant value of the TSS shall be too low to create any
considerable impact on the turbidity in the river water. The transparency of water shall not be
impaired to the extent that the available sunlight ceases to power the photosynthetic reaction.
The average slope of the Rana Khad u/s of lease is too high (24.1 m/km). Therefore, the
possibility of any bed retrogression due to 1m deep mining is ruled out owing to the distance
and due to the hard river bed strata. There shall be no impact on the structure of the d/s lift
irrigation scheme as it is 3.5 km away from the mine lease area.
4.6. Noise And Vibration
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The main noise generating source during riverbed mining operation and related activities are
is the truck movement to and fro from riverbed site to stone crusher site (Balh). The mine is
away from the settlements and also from the SH/district roads. Only vehicle used in
connection with the project activity at the HRT intake throng the site. The noise monitoring
shows that day and night time noise levels are highest at mine site and due to flow of river
and exceed the prescribed limit, Leq day and night noise level at the site is 71.6 dB(A)
4.6.1. Impact on Noise Level
In order to predict ambient noise levels due to the mining the noise modeling has been done.
For computing the noise levels at various distances with respect to the mine lease site, noise
levels are predicted by a user friendly model the details of which are elaborated below.
4.6.2. Model for sound wave propagation during mining
For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the ambient air from the point source,
a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used. The noise generated by
equipment decreases with increased distance from the source due to wave divergence. An
additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected due to
atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.
For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free medium, one can
estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different source using model based on first
principles, as per the following equation:
LP2=LP1 – 20Log (r2 / r1) - AE ……………………………. (1)
Where,
LP2 And L P1 are the Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) at points located at a distances of r2 and r1 from the
source. AE is attenuations due to Environmental conditions (E). The combined effect of the entire
source can be determined at various locations by the following equation.
LP (total) = 10Log (10 (Lpa)/10 + 10 Lpb)/10 + 10 Lpc)/10 + ………) (2)
Where Lpa, LPb, LPc are noise pressure levels at a point due to different sources.
Environment Correction (AE)
The equivalent sound pressure level can be calculated from the measured sound pressure level (Leq
measured) averaged over the measurement surface area ‘S’ and from corrections K1 and K2 and is given
by;
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(Leq measured) = (Leq measured) – K1 – K2 (3)
461. Where,
K1 = Factor for the background noise correction. The correction was not applied in this modeling
exercise, as it was not possible to measure the background noise levels by putting off machines
hence it was considered as zero.
K2 = Environmental correction
4.7. Input for the model
An input noise model has been generated with the source of noise to be generated
intermittently due to operation and movement of truck/tripper, conveyers movement, service
vans, crushing, truck movement. Intermittent noise would generated due to operation and
movement of truck/tippers/tractors and the standard value of 75 to 95 dB(A) at 1 m distance
from the source.
4.7.1. Model outputs
The ambient noise levels have been predicted for proposed mining. The predicted noise
levels at the boundary of the mine in different directions are given in Table 4.1. There will be
slight impact on the village during blasting for a short period and due to masking effect it will
not have any significant impact for rest of the time.
Table 4.1 : Predicted Noise Levels
Distance
from mine
site (m)
Ambient noise
levels dB(A) at
the riverbed site
Noise level due to
deployment of construction
machinery dB(A)
Resultant noise level
due to construction
activities dB(A)
1 71.6 85 85.19
10 51.6 65 65.19
100 31.6 45 45.19
500 17.6 31 31.19
It is evident from the table the noise levels due to noise source from river and truck
movement are attenuated after 100 m distance from the mine site. The resultant noise levels
are very high at mine site (85.19 dB(A)).
4.7.2. Mitigation Measures to Reduce Ambient Noise Levels
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The following control measures will be adopted to keep the ambient noise levels below
permissible limits 75 dB (A).
(i) Provision and maintenance of thick tree belts to screen noise.
(ii) Avenue plantation within the project area to dampen the noise.
(iii) Proper maintenance of noise generating transport vehicles.
(iv) Regular noise level monitoring shall be carried out periodically for taking corrective
action
To protect the workers from exposures to higher noise levels the following measures will be
adopted.
(i) Provision of protective devices like ear muffs/ear plugs to those workers who cannot be
isolated from the source of noise
(ii) Reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise levels by rotation.
4.7.3. Impacts due to ground vibration (due to blasting)
No ground vibration due to mining activity shall be imparted as no blasting is proposed for the
mining.
4.8. Impacts on Air Environment
Basically, dust sources in mines can be categorized as primary sources that generate the
dust and secondary sources, which disperse the dust and carry it from place to place called
as fugitive dust.
Impacts of mining on air quality are cause for concern mainly due to fugitive emissions of
particulate matter and gases. The major operations producing dust in river bed mining are pit
excavation, segregation and screening of material, loading and transporting to the crushing
unit. Exhaust emissions from vehicles deployed is also likely to result in marginal increase in the
levels of SO2, NOx, PM10, CO and unburnt hydrocarbons.
The collection/extraction of river borne material and its handling, loading & unloading will
cause momentary rise in the PM10. The dust liberated in mining and other related operations
is injurious to health if inhaled in sufficient quantity regularly as may lead to lung disease.
Dust Emission Rate
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The maximum production from the mine in any one year is 15000 MT, which implies that handling
in the mine is 56 TPD on the basis of 270 working days annually. Therefore per hourly handling of
material per day (8 hr/day operation) shall be is 7.0 t/ hr.
The dust emissions in the present case has been assessed considering the empirical factor of
given in “Indian Mining and Engineering Journal”.
Total handling of material will be 7 t/hr.
Rate of emission @ 23.6 kg/ hr for handling 1000 t/ hr
= 7.0 t/ hr X 23.6 kg/ hr = 0.165 kg/hr
1000 t / hr
= 0.165 X 1000 = 0.046g/sec
60x60
The dust emission rate calculated as above is in respect of uncontrolled emissions. Due to
moist conditions at mine site and moisture content of the riverbed matrix, installation and
operation of dust control measures at mining site, the emissions will be drastically reduced.
Otherwise also the emission rate concentration is too little hence; no Air modelling is required
for the present project for pollutant PM10. The maximum concentration of Air pollutants like
PM10 , SO2 and NOX observed at mine site are 49.6 µg/cum, 8 µg/cum, 17.5 µg/cum which
are far below the NAAQS, fixed by CPCB for “Residential and Rural” areas.
The major contribution to pollution in air shall be from transportation of mined material to
stone crusher unit located at a distance of 3.5 Km. For transportation of a maximum daily
production of 56 MT raw material, two tipper (10MT capacity) shall be deployed considering
that one tipper / truck shall make three trips per day. The fugitive emission alone from the
transportation resulting from movement of two tippers per day for three trips shall be
inconsequential. The existing baseline concentration of CO has been found to be 215-300
µg/cum which is far below the limit of 2000 µg/cum as per NAAQS, fixed by CPCB.
As the project does not involve any drilling and blasting, use of boiler / furnace and
deployment of DG Sets, thus there is no point source of Air pollution. Thus, there is no need
for any air quality modelling using FDM or other models. Otherwise also in the wake of the
fact that the mine lease area is very small being less than 25ha and no DG set of 500 KVA
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and above is being used for captive power generation, air quality impact prediction by
modelling is not warranted .
Mitigation Measures
Following mitigation measures shall be adopted during mining activities to control air pollution
load below the prescribed limits:
Water spraying on haul roads by mobile and fixed sprinklers at regular interval.
Designing and laying haul roads in gentle grade and in hard stratum as far as
possible. The road surface along the river bank shall be properly laid with grid and
small pebbles to eliminate air borne dust.
Avenue plantation on roadsides besides plantation around the mine lease area , will
help in reducing the emission.
It shall be ensured that the laborers working at or near high dust prone area use dust
filters / mask.
Covered or hooded trucks shall be used for transportation. Care shall be taken to
prevent spillage of material.
4.9. Biological Environment
4.9.1. Impact on Flora
The proposed mine lease area is ‘gair mumkin Khad’’ falling in forest land. In the core
zone of mine lease area there is a shoal deposit over which vegetation has grown
over the time. Since there will be no felling of trees or deforestation, there will be no
impact on flora of the core zone. The mining activity per se shall not lead to any
impact on the terrestrial flora of the buffer zone either. There are no national parks,
sanctuaries, notified biospheres, Tiger/Elephant Corridors, Birds migratory routes,
etc. within 10 km radius. Nearest Wildlife Sanctuary is Nargu, which is 40 kms from
Joginder nagar across Ulh River in Mandi district
The dust is the only major pollutant which will be generated from different activities of
mining. The effect of particulate matter on vegetation is in the form of incrustation,
plugging of stomata, and loss of chlorophyll and reduction of photosynthesis process.
Disturbance in plant metabolism due to deposition of dust particles on foliar surfaces
leads to reduction in plant growth. The atmospheric concentrations normally do not
reach a level sufficient to induce acute injury.
The annual plantation proposed for five years of mining period shall greatly help in
developing a good vegetal cover on the upper terrace near the bank of the river and
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eventually attract micro fauna, birds etc in the area. Thus there will be positive impact
on terrestrial environment around the mine lease area.
4.9.1.1 Measures for Minimizing Impact on Flora
It shall be ensured that no mining shall be carried out inside the land prohibited from
mining activities.
Green Belt shall be properly designed in consultation with the forest department.
Plantation shall be carried out as per periodical plantation programme.
Fast growing and evergreen trees, trees with broad leaf resistant to specific pollutant
and those which would maintain the regional ecological balance, soil and hydrological
conditions shall be favoured.
4.9.2. Impact on Fauna
The mining lease area, falling in river bed is very near to the agricultural field /
settlements on either bank. Intervention in the riverbed will impact Butterflies and
birds which are quite sensitive to noise and human presence. No endangered
species of fauna is found in and around lease area. As such, there will be temporary
and insignificant affect on fauna around the mining lease area.
4.9.2.1 Measures for Minimizing Impact on Fauna
Following measures will be adopted to minimize the impact of mining on faunal
environment of the area.
Progressive afforestation will create favorable conditions and good habitat for fauna in
the area.
Measures shall be adopted to curb pollution due to air, water, land & noise
environment.
Creating and developing awareness for nature and wildlife in the adjoining villages.
4.9.3. Impact on Aquatic Ecology
In stream, mining may destruct in channel features like riffles and pools, which are
largely responsible for enhancing aquatic habitat. Large scale and prolonged mining
can increase TSS downstream thereby affecting benthic invertebrates and fish
population.
The mining activities shall result in slight increase in siltation. Increased turbidity of
the water results in lesser penetration of sunlight thereby affecting photosynthesis of
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the phytoplankton (Ripley, 1966), which are primary producers in aquatic
ecosystems. Increased sediment loads may also alter the benthic fauna.
Considering 20% increase in siltation due to mining the TSS value shall be of the
order of 22 – 26 mg/l in lean period. The resultant value of the TSS shall be too low to
create any considerable impact on the turbidity in the river water. The transparency of
water shall not be impaired to the extent that the available sunlight ceases to power
the photosynthetic reaction. No mining activity is envisaged during monsoon season
when the TSS is very high and the flow velocities are comparatively higher than other
months.
4.10. Impact on Socio-Economic Environment
The entire mine lease area lies within the forest land, the project does not involve any
loss of agriculture land. Some of the impacts would be directly beneficial to the socio-
economic environment due to proposed employment potential. The beneficial impacts
due to the activities in the region would be:
Employment for 25 persons in the various mine activities.
Indirect employment in transport sector.
Amelioration of the general living standards of local persons employed in
mining activities.
The higher earnings will result in more purchase power.
Improvement in the economic growth in the region by way of additional
mineral availability.
Benefit to the State and the Central governments through financial revenues
by way of royalty, tax, duties, etc from this project directly and also indirectly.
Adverse Impacts
The adverse impacts on socio-economic environment due to mining activities in the region
will be:
Dust will affect to the local air environment and this dust will settle down on nearby
agricultural fields and will affect the productivity of the land and increase in
respiratory problems.
Soil erosion, landslides and loss of fertility etc.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
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EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 129
There may be some conflict of utilization of local resources between project
proponent and local communities.
Contamination of water, soil and air due to mining.
4.10.1. TRANSPORT
4.10.1.1 Impact on Road and Traffic
The material shall be transported from the riverbed mine to a distance of 6 km upto the stone
crushing unit established near the HRT complex of the project area of UHL Stage III. The
traffic density on the surrounding roads of the mine site is very low and capable of handling
of increased traffic. In the proposed mining, for transportation of a maximum production of 56
MT raw material, two tippers (10MT capacity) shall be deployed considering that each tipper /
truck shall make three trips per day. Hence, the local transport / infrastructure facilities are
capable of handling the increased load due to mining activities. As the extracted material
shall be transported to the stone crushing unit located within the project area itself. There will
be no impact to the existing road network of state / district highway.
4.10.1.2 Control Measures for Impact Due to Traffic
Following control measures have been suggested to prevent air pollution due to the
transportation activities:
The road shall be strengthened to cater the increase in traffic transportation.
Avenue Plantation shall be carried out along the road for dust control.
Proper maintenance of the road and its curbs will be done.
Transport trucks/tippers shall be properly maintained.
Adequate sign board
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, DartBagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
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CHAPTER 5. : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1. General
The requirement of the huge demand of construction material, like coarse aggregate (3.62
lac cum) and fine aggregate (1.81 lac cum) needed in concrete works of various components
of the project, could be either met through extraction from the natural available materials in
shoal deposits of riverbed quarry site or from quarrying operations involving blasting at Rock
in-situ quarries. The latter option involves considerable land degradation as compared to the
former. In case the river bound, material is of good quality and found suitable for use as road
material as well as course aggregate for non-wearing and wearing surface in concrete works,
the riverbed mining presents good options. The study for alternative analysis involves in-
depth examination of site and technology.
5.2. Alternative Sites
In mountain rivers the alluvium predominantly comprises of boulder, cobbles, pebbles and
fine drained soil consisting of mud, silt and sand invariably are deposited on the inside bends
(convex banks), where the water flows more slowly and has less power to transport the
bed/sedimentary load. Thus, a river can present numerous sites where the aggradation of
sediments takes place and large shoal deposits are formed. These sites can be used from
techno-economical considerations depending upon the distance (lead) from mine site to the
crushing unit. The mining is thus site specific. In the present case the river/khad flows in a
sinuous path characterized by presence of shoal deposits at inner curves where the river
energy is reduced. In this reach, the deposition of river born material takes place in the form
of shoal deposits. The riverbed is strewn with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand. In such
high gradient reaches, high velocities exceeding 5m / sec are developed. In this reach, the
competency of the river is very high and increases with the square of its velocity. The site is
very near to the point of end use i.e. near the project component.
Apart from this, the quarry site was used for obtaining stone aggregate material during the
construction of UHL stage – II project (Bassi Power house (60 MW)). Therefore, the project
proponent has sought the lease of the land for mining of stone/sand/bajri from this quarry site
for consumptive use in their project.
5.3. Alternative Technology
The open cast mining could be manual/semi-mechanized/mechanized depending upon the
geological and topographical setup of the mineral (ROM) to be won. The project involves
open cast manual mining in a depth of 1m from natural surface level of riverbed without use
of blasting as well as other earth moving equipment. As such, the conventional method of
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mining has been adopted. Otherwise ,also the provision of Section 21 (2-A) of Himachal
Pradesh Minor Minerals (Concession) Revised Rules, 1971, holds that, no mechanical
mining through mechanical excavator including any other earth moving machines like J.C.B,
Buldozer, Pocklain, Loders etc. shall be carried out in river or stream bed by the lease holder
or permit holder or contractor as the case may be.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
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CHAPTER 6. : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1. General
The monitoring and evaluation of environmental parameters indicates potential changes
occurring in the environment, which paves way for implementation of rectifying measures
wherever required to maintain the status of the natural environment. Evaluation is also a very
effective tool to judge the effectiveness or deficiency of the measures adopted and provides
insight for future corrections.
6.2. Areas of concern
In case of river bed mining projects, the changes relating to water, aquatic biota, air, noise,
biodiversity of the area and stability of river bank slopes and plantation programme need
special attention, from monitoring point of view, during the conceptual mine plan period to
judge the efficiency of measures implemented for conservation of environment.
6.3. Environmental Monitoring
The overall impact assessment of the proposed project was carried out and monitoring plans
have been framed based on the severity of impacts in different areas. During the EIA study, it
has been observed that the air quality and water quality are not going to be affected
significantly and only, temporary changes in these parameters are expected. The preventive/
curative measures to reduce the ill effects of construction activities on these parameters have
been suggested under various plans. A holistic approach has been adapted for monitoring of
air, noise and water related factors under different heads with suitable financial provisions for
their implementation.
6.4. Environmental Monitoring Programme
All the environmental parameters viz. air, water, noise, soil will be monitored regularly in
order to detect any changes from the baseline status. Monitoring program will be followed;
every year as per the schedule , till the mining activity ceases .
6.4.1. Air Quality Monitoring and Management:
Two locations one each in core zone and buffer zone preferably at Bagla village nearest to
the mine site and other at Jalpher will be monitored for four weeks in every season except
monsoon. The 24 hr. monitoring shall be done in respect of PM10, SO2 and NOx. It should be
made mandatory on the part of the contractors that they use the required equipment for
monitoring gaseous pollutants in and around the project and submit a detailed report every
fortnight to the project authorities for evaluation and monitoring purposes. The air quality in
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
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and around the project area can be improved by the application of following practices/
methods.
Pit Excavation work may be carried out after sprinkling water on the surface of the area to
be mined on daily basis subject to site requirements.
To settle down the dust in project area especially around crushing plants, excessive use
of water sprinklers is the best method.
6.4.2. Ambient Noise Levels Monitoring and Management:
Noise levels in the working area will be monitored once in every season till the continuation
of mining operations. Ambient noise levels will also be monitored once in a season at one
site each in the core and buffer zone preferably at Bagla village nearest to the mine site and
other at Jalpher to evaluate the noise status and its effects on the surrounding community.
The level of noise will definitely rise above threshold level in the project area. Therefore, it
would be most appropriate if following measures are rigorously applied during construction
phase of the project.
Continuous monitoring of sound level within the project area.
Extensive plantation to be carried out in the project area as plants absorb sound and
make a barrier for its travel to long distances.
Provision of Air muffs to workers working in mine site.
Compulsory Periodic Maintenance of transportation vehicles and crushing plant.
6.4.3. Water Quality Monitoring and Management:
Water is one of most precious natural resources. Human beings are highly dependent on
water for various purposes such as domestic needs, sanitation irrigation, industry, and
disposal of wastes etc. The terrestrial and aquatic fauna also depend upon the water. The
catchment of the Rana Khad and its tributaries upto the mine site does not host any industry.
Thus, the stream water is almost free from major industrial chemical pollutants. The mining
activity in riverbed will lead to increase in siltation though to a lesser degree. Further, due to
congregation of laborers during the construction phase, the water quality in this stretch may
get deteriorated if proper sanitation facilities are not provided to them. The probable water
pollutants which may cause pollution during the construction phase of this project are:-
Suspended solids
Biodegradable organic matters
Pathogens and vectors
Nutrients
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
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Dissolved inorganic solids
The Bureau of Indian Standards has prescribed clear-cut guidelines for the maintenance of
surface water quality standards, which are given in Table-6.1.
Table 6.1 : National River Water Quality Standards for Different Uses*
Sl.
No.
Characteristics Tolerance Limit
Drinking
water
source
with
conventi
onal
treatmen
t
Outdoo
r
bathing
Drinking
water
source
with
convention
al
treatment
but after
disinfection
Fish
culture
and
wildlife
propagat
ion
Irrigatio
n
industri
al
cooling
or
controll
ed
water
disposal
A B C D E
1. pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5
2. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l),
min
6 5 4 4 -
3. BOD (5-days at 200 C,
mg/l, min
2 3 3 - -
4. Total Coliform Organism,
MPN/100, max
50 500 5000 - -
5. Colour, Hazen units, max 10 300 300 - -
6. Odour 10 300 300 - -
7. Taste Tasteless - - - -
8. Total Dissolved Solids,
mg/l, max
500 - 1500 - 2100
9. Total Hardness (as
CaCO3),mg/l, max.
300 - - - -
10. Calcium Hardness (as
CaCO3), mg/l, max
200 - - - -
11. Magnesium Hardness (as
CaCO3), mg/l, max
100 - - - -
12. Copper (as Cu), mg/l, max 1.5 - 1.5 - -
13. Iron (as Fe), mg/l, max 0.3 - 0.5 - -
14. Manganese (as Mn), mg/l,
max
0.5 - - -
15. Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, max 250 - 600 - 600
16. Sulphates (as SO4), mg/l,
max
400 - 400 - 1000
17. Nitrates (as NO3), mg/l,
max
20 - 50 - -
18. Fluorides (as F), mg/l, max 1.5 1.5 1.5 - -
19. Phenolic Compounds (as
C6H5OH), mg/l, max
0.002 0.005 0.005 - -
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
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20. Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, max 0.001 - - - -
21. Cadmium (as CD), mg/l,
max
0.01 - 0.01 - -
22. Selenium (as Se), mg/l,
max
0.01 - 0.05 - -
23. Arsenic (as As), mg/l, max 0.05 0.2 0.2 - -
24. Cyanide (as CN), mg/l,
max
0.05 0.05 0.05 - -
25. Lead (as Pb), mg/l, max 0.1 - 0.1 - -
26. Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, max 15 - 15 - -
27. Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/l,
max
0.05 - 0.05 - -
28. Anionic Detergents (as
MBAS), mg/l, max.
0.2 1 1 - -
29. Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (as PAH)
0.2 - - - -
30. Mineral Oil, mg/l, max 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 -
31. Barium (as Ba), mg/l, max 1 - - - -
32. Silver (as Ag), mg/l, max 0.05 - - - -
33. Pesticides Absent - - - -
34. Alpha emitters, uC/ml, max 10-9 10-9 10-9 - -
35. Beta emitters, uC/ml, max 10-8 10-8 10-8 10-8 10-8
36. Free Ammonia (as N),
mg/l, max
- - - 1.2
37. Electrical Conductance at
250C, mhos, max
- - - 1000 x 10-6 2250 x 10-
6
38. Free Carbon dioxide (as
CO), mg/l, max
- - - 61
39. Sodium absorption ratio - - - - 26
40. Boron (as B), mg/l, max - - - - -
41. Percent sodium, max - - - - -
* IS: 2296
Water monitoring in every season except monsoon will be done for the river/khad at one
location each on u/s and d/s extremity of the core area and compared to baseline in order to
have look, if any corrective measures are needed. The water quality parameters to be
monitored quarterly are shown in Table-6.2.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
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Table 6.2 : Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters will be monitored
S. No. Parameter S. No. Parameter
1 pH 12 Fluorides
2 Electrical Conductivity 13 Iron
3 Turbidity 14 DO
4 Water Temperature 15 Phosphates
5 TSS 16 BOD
6 TDS 17 COD
7 Total hardness 18 Alkalinity
8 Magnesium 19 Chlorides
9 Calcium 20 Oil and Grease
10 Nitrates 21 Total Coliform
11 Sulphates 22 E-Coli
6.4.4. Soil Quality Assessment:
Soil samples will be collected from one site each at core and buffer zone and quality will be
checked once every except monsoon in order to see any positive or negative impacts of the
operations. Soil samples will be collected from the plantation areas within the ML area in
order to observe the improvement or deficiencies in the soil fertility and to take corrective
actions. The soil analysis shall be carried out for the physico chemical characteristics like
pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and status of macro – nutrients like Nitrogen,
Phosphate, Potassium and micro – nutrients like zinc, iron, boron, etc.
6.4.5. Plantation
Plantation before the onset of monsoon season will be done progressively until the final
closure of the mine. An environment management group will carry out the monitoring as per
schedule durations and parameters mentioned in Table 6.3.
6.4.6. Monitoring of erosion and stability of river bank
The project proponent shall closely monitor the condition of the bank of the river/khad with in
the mine lease area, one time each before monsoon and post monsoon. Based on the
observation, the corrective measures in the form of retaining wall / gabion structure shall be
provided at the affected banks at the toe, to control the land slips/bank erosion, if necessary
boulder sparse shall be proposed for channelizing the river current.
6.5. Environment Management Group
For implementation of Environment Management Plan, a small unit called Environment
Management Group will be formed under the control of the Environment Engineer. The job of
this cell will be:
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Implementation of pollution control measure.
Monitoring programme implementation.
Post-plantation care.
To estimate the efficiency of pollution control measures taken.
To bring out any other unforeseen effect on environment not covered under report.
Seeking expert’s advice when needed.
The task of monitoring of various environmental parameters could be assigned to H. P. State
Pollution Control Board or any other agency approved by MoEF / SPCB. However, the
project proponent shall procure a few field instruments like RDS, Noise level meter, Water
testing kit.
6.6. Environment Policy/Violations of Environment Norms/ Hierarchal System
6.6.1. Environment Policy
Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited, formed for execution of the works of UHL Stage III
HEP (100 MW), is a legal heir of erstwhile Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited. It is a
state govt. undertaking and is entrusted with the job of construction of UHL Stage III Project.
The HEP has been accorded Environmental Clearance by the MoEF in the year 2003. The
present mining project is for obtaining riverbed material for the production of coarse and fine
aggregates to be consumed in project work, therefore the activity related to the mining
project are incumbent upon the main HEP.
The BVPCL has no laid down environmental policy of its own, but is strictly adhering to the
central and the state rules and acts in context to the environment protection
BVPCL is already complying with the environmental norms and conditions set forth in the
main Environmental Clearance of the project and is submitting compliance to the MoEF
periodically as warranted under th9e EC letter.
6.6.2. Infringement / deviation of the environment or forest norms/conditions
The BVPCL is complying with the environmental norms set out by the Center / State
Government, which are being closely monitored by the MoEF, New Delhi and the State
Pollution Control Board, Shimla, Forest Department. IPH department and Geological Wing of
Department of Industries, Himachal Pradesh. Any infringement / deviation / violation of the
rules contained in various environment and other rules and acts such as State
Environmental Policy, 2005, State Water Policy, 2003, State Forest Policy, 1980, Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, 1987, and Noise
Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rule 2000. The Himachal Pradesh minor minerals
(concession) revised rules, 1971, if and whenever brought to the notice of BVPCL, the same
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are being addressed by the corporation / construction agencies engaged for the project. As a
safeguard a well-documented Environment monitoring plan has been formulated.
6.6.3. Hierarchical System of the Company
The BVPCL, like any other corporation, has a pyramid type hierarchal system for
administration. The corporation is headed by the Chairman duly assisted by the Managing
Director as project head. The Engineer – In- Charge of work (E.I.C.) is responsible for
execution of works under the project and he is supported by four Senior Executive Engineers
who are responsible for direct execution of work and planning. Twelve Assistant Engineers
Civil / Electricals (A.E.) supervise the construction work under jurisdiction of the concerned
Sr. Executive engineer. The environmental issues and compliance of the EC conditions is
being looked into by the Sr. Executive Engineers ------------ through the Assistant Engineers
deputed for the Environmental work. The Hierarchical Administrative Setup is shown in
Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1 : Hierarchical Administrative Setup
6.7. Cost of Environment Monitoring Plan
The cost in respect of monitoring of environmental attributes, parameter to be monitored,
sampling/monitoring locations with frequency and cost provision against each is shown in
Table 6.3. The total cost of environemtnal plan works out to Rs. 2.50 lac.
Table 6.3 : Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme
Sl.
No.
Aspect Parameters to
be monitored
Frequency Location Cost
Estimates
(Rs. lac)
Implementing and
Pursuing Agency
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1 Air Quality
monitoring
SO2, NO
X, CO,
PM10
Four weeks in
one season
except monsoon
2 locations as
already specified 0.9
H.P. State Pollution Control
Board or any approved
agency of MOEF
2 Noise Quality
Monitoring
Noise level Once quarterly
except monsoon
2 locations as
already specified 0.2
H.P. State Pollution Control
Board or any approved
agency of MOEF
3 Water quality
Monitoring
All parameters
given in water
quality
Once quarterly
except monsoon
2 locations as
already specified 0.9
H.P. State Pollution Control
Board or any approved
agency of MOEF
4 Soil Parameters
given under soil
monitoring
Once yearly
except monsoon
2 locations as
already specified 0.3
H.P. State Pollution Control
Board or any approved
agency of MOEF
5. Plantation Plants and
shrubs in the
green belt area
and there
mortality status
At the time of
plantation before
monsoon and
quarterly
thereafter
Green belt area
within the mine
lease area, haul
roads
- Project Proponent as routine
inspection
6. Erosion and
Bank Stability
Conditions of
vulnerable banks
and of check
dam /spurs
Before monsoon
and post
monsoon every
year
Lease area - Project Proponent as routine
inspection
7. Celebration of
Environment
Day
Yearly At village Bagla 0.2 Project Proponent
2.50
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 140
CHAPTER 7. : ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1. General
After having gone through the various aspects of the river bed mining at the proposed site
and the related documents like Form–I and PFR, the SEAC, H.P., in its 22nd meeting, held on
1.1.2013, set out the scoping clearance and issued ToR proposed for environmental impact
assessment studies and preparation of environmental management plan for River bed mining
and for submission of report after Public Hearing. The Terms of Reference issued by the
SEAC, Himachal Pradesh is very comprehensive and subjective covering every aspects of
mining activities and the related environmental issues to be addressed.
7.2. Public Consultation
Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited and now its legal heir “Beas Valley Power
Corporation Limited” has been executing the works of UHL Stage III HEP (100 MW) for quite
a long time. The public of the area is well aware of the project, which has been already
accorded the Environmental Clearance by the MoEF, New Delhi. Now the project proponent
intend to use the river bed material of Rana khad in construction of the different project
component, for which purpose the EIA of the riverbed mine is being carried out in
accordance with Terms of Reference. During site visit by the EIA team interacted with the
local villagers in context to the project though no acquisition of public land and thus R&R
issue is involved.
In consonance with the EIA notification 14th September 2006, vide section 7(i) related to
public consultation, the Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board shall conduct the
Public Hearing for ascertaining concerns of local affected persons or other concerned
persons having plausible stake in the environmental aspect of the project activity. After
completion of the public consultation, the project proponent shall address all the material
environmental concerns expressed during the consultation process.
7.3. Risk Assessment
The mining activities involve certain types of hazards, during operation and close, which can
disrupt normal activities abruptly and lead to disaster like fires, inundation, failure of
machinery, explosion, to name a few. The impending dangers or risks, which need be
investigated addressed, disaster management plan formulated with an aim to taking
precautionary steps to avert disaster and to take such action after the disaster, which limits
the damage to the minimum.
Nevertheless, the following natural/industrial problem may be encountered during the open
cast manual riverbed mining operation at the mine site.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 141
Inundation is mine pits.
Failure of Slope of riverbanks.
Surface fire (Oil).
In order to take care of above hazards/disasters, the following will be strictly followed:
Working of mines as per approved plans.
All safety precautions and preventions of CMR 1957 shall be strictly followed during
all mining operations.
Regular maintenance of transport vehicles.
Entry of unauthorized persons will be prohibited.
Periodic checking of worthiness of fire fighting and first aid provision in the mining
area.
Training and refresher courses for all the employees.
As a part of disaster management plan, a rescue team will be formed by imparting
specialized training to select mining staff.
7.4. Inundation
Though no mining activities is envisaged during monsoon season (June to September), yet in
the context of the present mine the inundation cannot be ruled out due to flash flood in the
catchment during non-monsoon season. Following precautionary measures shall be
undertaken
The local nalas will be diverted along the boundary of lease area.
A careful assessment of the danger of inundation from surface water shall be made
before onset of monsoon season every year and adequate precautions against such
dangers shall be implemented.
Effectiveness of precautions, obstruction in normal drainage system etc. shall be
checked regularly.
Standing orders for withdrawal of persons from mine in case of apprehended danger
shall be framed and enforced.
7.5. Disaster Due To Failure Of Pit Slope
The mining involves excavation in pits of only 1m depth from the natural surface level in the
riverbed. The riverbed material is a consolidated matrix comprising of boulders, shingles and
sand having an angle of repose of 300 - 450. Since the depth of the pit is less and the slope
material has a good angle of repose, probability of any planer failure, or wedge failure of pit
are not there. Beside this the angle of slope may further improve in wet conditions.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 142
7.6. Disaster Due To Failure Of Mine Waste Dump
Sliding of surface waste dump is an equally severe risk compared to quarry slope failure.
Hence, it is imperative that the degree of hazard against potential failure of waste dump
slopes should be identified and that precautionary measures are adopted, if required. The
overall waste dump slope, considering the angle of repose, should not be more than 35º-37º.
In the present case of riverbed mining, the mine waste material is silt and clay which have
been proposed to be disposed in the area designated for plantation and shall be properly
dressed and levelled for creation of the green belt / plantation. Thus, no surface dumps have
been proposed under the plan. Besides this the small heaps of finer material like sand are
likely to be formed during the screening process. The natural heap surface of about 1m high
have an angle of repose of about 250 and are quite safe.
7.7. Disaster Due To Surface Fire
The chances of surface fire resulting per se from the manual riverbed mining activities are
well nigh impossible. In winters the labour some time use fuel wood to warm themselves. The
fire can result from the negligence of the labour, but it will be localized and shall not spread
as the core zone area of the mine has no appreciable woody material, which can easily catch
fire. As a safety, measure against fire hazard a fire extinguisher will be installed at rest
shelter.
7.8. Disaster Management Plan
In order to handle disaster/emergency situations, an organizational chart entrusting
responsibility to various project personnel will be prepared with their specific roles during
emergency.
7.9. Occupational Health and Safety
The effects of air pollution on human health are well documented. There are controversies in
many respects, but there is sample evidence to show that air pollution is definitely a
contributing factor to chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema.
Health and Safety Measures to control dust inhalation; precautions would be adopted to
prevent dust generation at site and dispersing in the environment. For the safety of workers
at site, engaged at strategic dust generation points like loading and unloading points,
screening plant etc., dust masks would be provided. Dust masks would prevent inhalation of
RSPM thereby reducing the risk of lung diseases and other respiratory disorders. Regular
health monitoring of workers will be carried out. Lung function test and audiometry test will be
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 143
the essential part of health checkups as mine workers are prone to these. The mines
management prepares particular budget of Rs. 500.00 per employee/year for the health
maintenance of all the employees who will be employed at the mine site. First aid facility
should be available at the rest shelter
Training will be imparted to all the workers for health safety measures so that they can use
the protective equipments essentially and effectively. Qualified Vocational Training Officer will
be employed to impart the training to all the employees on regular basis. The following
personal protection equipments
Industrial Safety Helmet;
goggles;
Ear muffs / earplug;
Dust mask;
hand gloves;
Industrial safety shoes with steel toe.
7.10. Social Impact Assessment
The project does not involve acquisition of any private land or asset and thus there shall be
no project-affected persons
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 4791, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 144
CHAPTER 8. : PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1. General
The forthcoming project shall open new vista for employment in the area in many spheres.
With the commencement of proposed mining activities, a new horizon shall emerge to the
local populace for their social upliftment. The mine lease area neither entails any acquisition
of any private land or property nor any displacement of persons. Therefore, it will herald all
positive benefits to the society.
8.2. Employment Potential
8.2.1. Mining Activities
About 25 local labors shall be engaged for extraction of Stone/Sand/Bajri and loading and
handling of mineral in mining area, besides, watch and ward and plantation activity with
proper maintenance. The majority of manpower belonging to skilled/semi-skilled/unskilled
shall be indigenously available. Therefore, it is estimated that approx. 25 persons shall be
benefited by direct employment.
8.2.2. Implementation of Management Plans
Various management plans, suggested as mitigation measures, viz. Green Belt
Development, erection of retaining wall/check dam and maintenance of haul road are highly
labour oriented forestry/civil work with lesser material component. The forestry works
involved under these plans do not involve any State of the art for which especial labour is
warranted. In fact these routine works can be executed to perfection by the
skilled/semi/skilled/unskilled labour locally available.
8.3. State Exchequer
Commencement of mining activities shall result in direct revenue to the state Exchequer in
the form of royalty, trade/sales tax, cess etc.
8.4. Betterment of Trade and Commerce
With coming up of new township for housing the mine workers/personnel, there shall be an
increase in demand of all commodities. Thus, there shall be a general boost to business and
commerce in the area.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 145
CHAPTER 9. : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.1. General
Based on the evaluation of baseline data and predicted impacts, suitable and plausible
management plans are to be formulated for implementation, to minimize the negative
impacts in the environmental attributes of land, water, air, noise, ecological and socio-
economics. The implementation of all the management plans should commence pari passu
with the commencement of mining activities so that the environmental ambiguities going to
crop up may be resolved before the completion of conceptual plan of the mine i.e. towards
the end of life of mine. Various environmental management plans, designed within the
framework of statutory and regulatory requirements on environmental and socio-economic
aspects to attain sustainable development, are described in the proceeding sections.
9.2. Pollution Control Measures
9.2.1. Air Pollution Control
In riverbed manual mining, dust emissions are generated during various mining activities,
material handling and due to plying of transportation trucks in the mine lease area and also
on haul roads. However, the EIA study has shown that ground level concentration of
pollutants like PM10, SO2 and NOX are within the NAAQS Are well and when become airborne
lead to increase in particulates level in the ambient air. The detailed mitigation measures as
contained in Section 4.7. The project proponent shall ensure that these are strictly followed.
Besides this the ambient air quality monitoring shall be periodically carried out at locations
and frequencies mentioned under Section Chapter 6.4.1. Apart from these mitigation
measures, the idle running of transport vehicles at the mine site shall be totally avoided. The
sprinkling of water on surface of haul roads and over the silt/clay dispose in the plantation
area shall involve major cost component of the works towards air pollution control.
Considering an expenditure of Rs 1000/day for 270 days annually, a sum of Rs. 2.70 lac has
to be earmarked under air pollution control measures.
9.2.2. Noise Pollution Control
The noise monitoring shows that day and night time noise levels are highest at mine site and
due to flow of river and exceed the prescribed limit, Leq day and night noise level at the site
is 71.6 dB(A). The other source of noise at the site is due to operation of transport vehicle.
The impact study shows that the noise levels due to noise source from river and truck
movement are attenuated after 100 m distance from the mine site. The resultant noise levels
are very high at mine site (85.19 dB(A)). The detailed mitigation measures are contained in
Section 4.6. The project proponent shall ensure that these are strictly followed. Besides this
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 146
the ambient air noise level monitoring shall be periodically carried out at locations and
frequencies mentioned under Section Chapter 6.4.2. The environmental surroundings near
the mine site like vegetal cover greatly attenuate the noise level. On this account the green
belt shall be developed along the haul road as well as in the area earmarked for plantation
within the lease, the cost of development of greenbelt has been separately assessed. The
cost of other equipments like ear plug/muff and noise level monitoring during the course of
mining have been included under occupational health and safety plan and environmental
monitoring plan.
9.2.3. Water Pollution Control
9.2.3.1 Surface Water
The major impact due to riverbed surface mining is the increase siltation owing to sediment
particles coming under the influence of the current and due to toe erosion of bank in the mine
lease area. In the impact studies, it has been established that the resultant value of the TSS
shall be too low to create any considerable impact on the turbidity in the river water. The
transparency of water shall not be impaired to the extent that the available sunlight ceases to
power the photosynthetic reaction. Apart from the mitigation measures suggested in Section
4.5.2, spillage of stone and sand into the flowing water should be avoided during
transportation. The plantation under the green belt programme shall also help in checking the
erosion of the bank. Besides this the ambient air noise level monitoring shall be periodically
carried out at locations and frequencies mentioned under Section Chapter 6.4.3. For control
of the toe erosion of banks retaining structures/Gabion structures shall have to be erected as
per approved mine plan. Thus, there is no cost implication of this plan as all work activities
are covered under other plans.
<
9.2.3.2 Ground Water
The base level study has revealed that there will be no impact on groundwater as the ground
water table is intersected nor the mineral formation has any toxic elements. Thus, no
mitigation measures are warranted.
9.2.4. Land Environment
Any mining activity may alter the land use pattern in the lease area. In order to minimise the
adverse effects, the following suggestions have been made. Degradation of land is not a very
significant adverse impact of river terrace mining due creation of access roads, mining
operations, transportation of mined material. In order to prevent the environmental
degradation of leased mine area and its surroundings, the following measures shall be taken;
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 147
Minimal damage to the flora standing around the lease area.
Foreign material should neither be allowed to remain/spill in lease area, nor the
pits/pockets will be allowed to be filled with such material,
No stockpiling of extracted sand and stone shall be done outside the lease area.
9.2.5. Biological Environment
The dust is the only major pollutant, which will be generated from different activities of
mining. The effect of particulate matter on vegetation is in the form of incrustation, plugging
of stomata, and loss of chlorophyll and reduction of photosynthesis process.
No endangered species of fauna is found in and around lease area. As such, there will be
temporary and insignificant effect on terrestrial fauna around the mining lease area. The
mining activities shall result in slight increase in siltation. Increased turbidity of the water
results in lesser penetration of sunlight thereby affecting photosynthesis of the phytoplankton
(Ripley, 1966), which are primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Increased sediment
loads may also alter the benthic fauna.
The annual plantation proposed for five years of mining period shall greatly help in
developing a good vegetal cover on the upper terrace near the bank of the river and
eventually attract micro fauna, birds etc. in the area. Thus, there will be positive impact on
terrestrial environment around the mine lease area. The increase in siltation due to mining
shall be controlled by creating greenbelt and soil conservation works.
9.2.6. Social Environment
With the commencement of the project, there shall be direct employment opportunity for 25
workers, besides this the project will open vista for employment in transportation sector,
besides generation opportunity for deployment in activities related to stone crushing plant.
Since no private land is to be acquired for mining, thus the ticklish issues touching and
arising due to R&R issues are not involved. Therefore, impact of riverbed mining of sand
stone and bajari on the social economics of the area shall be a very positive one. The small-
time shopkeepers running hotel/Dhaba shall also be benefitted. As a token of goodwill the
project proponent shall provide free of cost riverbed material (aggregate) to villages, in
consultation with panchayat, for construction of building public utility, schools and other
religious buildings.
9.2.6.1 Corporate Social Responsibility
The Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited, formed for execution of the works of UHL Stage
III HEP (100 MW), is a legal heir of erstwhile Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited. It
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 148
is a state govt. undertaking and is entrusted with the job of construction of UHL Stage III
Project.
The project is a hydroelectric project. The State of Himachal Pradesh has formulated a Hydro
Power Policy in 2006. One of the principle objectives of this policy was to secure benefits for
the project-affected areas by creation of Local Area Development Committee financed
through Power Projects. In tune with the stipulations of Hydro Power Policy, 2006, a provision
of 1.5% of the final cost of the projects above 5 MW and 1% for projects upto 5 MW has been
made for Local Area Development activities to be financed by the Developers. This provision
is applicable for new as well as on-going projects.
The entire contribution towards Local Area Development Activities to be maintained in the
shape of Local Area Development Fund (LADF), which will be administered by a committee,
called Local Area Development Committee (LADC) comprising of various stakeholders
including Government departments, project developers and local members from project-
affected areas. The present mining project is for obtaining riverbed material for the production
of coarse and fine aggregates to be consumed in project work, therefore the activity related
to the mining project are incumbent upon the main HEP. Thus under the CSR activities the
project proponent have incurred expenditure in respect of LADA works. The work activities
have been carried out under Joginder Nagar and Ladbharol Tehsil. The tehsil-wise break up
is shown in Table 9.1. The expenditure under this head till 15 May 2013 is Rs. 933.12 lac
Table 9.2.
Table 9.1 : Expenditure under LADA works (upto 15-05-2013)
Tehsil Total no. of work activities (estimates) Expenditure (Rs. In Lac)
Joginder Nagar 176 632.28
Ladhbharol 103 300.84
Total 279 933.12
The expenditure incurred under LADA works in respect of gram panchayat Balh upto
15/05/2013 is Rs. 24.86 lac. The work activities carried out under LADA works are presented
in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2 : Estimate-wise expenditure under LADA works carried out in gram panchayat Balh
Sr.
No.
Name of Work Up to date
Expenditure
(15.5.13)
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 149
II LADA WORK UNDER UCD-II JOGINDERNAGAR :-
01 Construction of foot bridge over Dibhnu Nala & foot path from village
Bagla to Shamshan ghat
154779
02 Construction of boundary wall in front of Middle school Dart Bagla 131330
03 Construction of Boundary wall around Middle school Masholi under
Panchyat Dart Bagla
431705
04 Providing protection work around existing Jalpa Mata Mandir at Mahul
Dart Bagla
750567
05 Construction of Addl. Room of primary school Jaghra in gram panchyat
Dart Bagla
311506
06 Construction of R/wall upper side of Bharolu road in gram panchyat Dart
Bagla
137594
07 Construction of Boundary wall for Primary School Jagehar in GP Dart
Bagla
153979
08 Construction of concrete road from magroo nallah to project road at
Bagla
190137
09 Construction of foot path from Majhwar link road to Majhwar village in
gram panchyat Dart Bagla
57554
10 Construction of main gate and raising the hight of exist. boundry wall at
Dart school in gram panchyat Dart Bagla
118796
11 Construction of two room in Primary School Dart in gram panchyat Dart
Bagla
47847
2485794
9.3. Green Belt development plan
In order to mitigate and minimize the environmental impacts, arising due to riverbed mining
project especially from air pollution, noise pollution, soil erosion etc. the Greenbelt
development in the area delineated in the work cum environmental management plan can
provides the best mitigation option. The green canopy not only absorbs some of these
pollutants but also improves the aesthetic environment. Therefore, a “Green Belt
Development Plan” has been proposed around the mine lease area and along the un-
metaled haul road to crushing unit.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 150
9.3.1. Development of Greenbelt
The green belt is proposed to be developed in the area of upper terraces and areas
prohibited for mining and along the network of haul roads. The strategy worked out for
development of green belt consists of following:
Broad leaf trees growing above 10 m in height should be planted along the roads,
offices and infrastructure facilities.
Plantation of trees should be undertaken in appropriate encircling rows.
Generally local/indigenous fast growing trees shrubs should be planted.
The trees should be protected by plantation of non palatable shrub species to avoid
browsing by animals.
Placement of tree guards be provided to save the plants.
9.3.2. Guidelines and Techniques for Green Belt Development
Based on environmental conditions suitable indigenous plants species shall be planted under
green belt development plan. The requirement of plants sapling for development of green
belt shall be made from the nearby forest nursery. The soil characteristics were also kept in
mind.
9.3.3. Precautions During Plantation
Some important precautions should be taken during the plantation, which are as under:
Open grazing is practiced in general in the area; therefore, protection should be
provided in advance.
Poly-culture should be practiced. Mixture by group should be preferred over intimate
mixture.
Indigenous species recommended should be planted in sufficient numbers to increase
their population size in the area.
Multipurpose species should be planted in large numbers.
9.3.4. Annual Programme for Plantation under green belt
The greenbelt shall be developed annually in approximately 0.16ha area. The area
designated for each year shall be planted with trees and shrubs @ 1100 plants/ha. (Table
9.3)
Table 9.3 : Budget for green belt development plan (Rs. in lakhs)
S. No. Component Cost (Rs. Lac)
1 Cost of plantation including maintenance for 5 years and 0.94
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 151
establishment charges @ Rs 1.25 lac/ ha for 0.75 ha
2 Thorny brushwood protection guard for 825 sapling @ Rs
10/No.
0.083
3 Cost of FYM and Bio-fertilizer 0.40
4 Cost of watering / irrigation in green belt 0.40
5 Cost of plantation along haul road 0.56
6 Contingency 0.11
Total 2.493
Say Rs. 2.50
890
895
895.96
900
902.77
905
904.77
902.66
906.30
906.68908.83
910915920
920.88
927.28
927.69
928.88
914.48914.99
920
915
910
905
910
915
903.5
9
916.75
920
920908.05
915
905910
HFL
LWL
HFL
900
899
898.74
896.6
0
897.88
897.80
899.67898.85
898.28
899.
30
903.38
905
902.3
6PATH
905.6
95
901.4
1
KUHL
900.
96
902.367
901.5
7
901.5
1
901.
69
900
899.6
9
898.05
895
890.80
895
890.56
890
894.84896.370 893.20
893.35
897.10
892.25
895.95
895.25 896.03893.796
894.78
895
898.86
895.51
895.51
897.05
880
893.00
893.38892.68
891.72
891.51
891.68
890PATH891.42 891.33
LWL
LWL
889.78
889.80887.36
889.05
BOULDER
ROAD
ROAD
RANA KHAD
HFL
HFL898.45
B/WALL
I,III & V
YEAR
II & IV YEAR R/WALL
905
894.16
LEASE BOUNDARY
BOUNDARY PILLAR
CONTOUR
RIVER/KHAD
HFL/LWL
METALED ROAD
15th WIDTH OF KHAD
FOOT PATH
BUILDING
DRY NALA/KHAD
PROHIBITED LAND
EXISTING TREE
LEGENDN
31°57'50''
A
B
C
D
E
FG
I
K
H
J
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'
31°57'50''
31°57'45''
31°57'40''
31°57'35''
31°57'30''
31°57'25''
31°57'20''
31°57'15''
31°57'51.9''
31°57'55'' 31°57'55''
S/C
I, III & IV
YEAR
R/WALL/SPUR III,IV & V
YEAR
PLANTATION II YEAR
PLANTATION I YEAR
PLANTATION
R/WALL/SPUR I YEAR
S/C I YEAR
PLANTATION I YEAR
PLANTATION II YEAR
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITED DART-BAGLA
SCALE 1:2500
CONTOUR INTERVAL 1m
Figure 9.1 : Environment Management Plan
9.4. Solid Waste Management
9.4.1. General
The following types of solid wastes are likely to generate from the mining activities during the
mining period.
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 152
Waste from mining in the form of silt/clay
Solid waste from Septic tank/Soak pit
The above-mentioned solid wastes can play havoc and have severe impacts on the
ecosystem if not properly addressed through well designed management plans in their
respect.
9.4.2. Management of Waste from Mine
No solid waste other than silt/clay, which deposits as crust material on the bed profile, shall
be scrapped and deposited into the mine pits or in the upper terraces earmarked for
plantation. Approximately 660 MT (about 471 cum) of silt/clay shall be produced during 5
years. The year-wise estimation of quantity of solid waste is shown in Table 9.4, the quantity
of scrapped crust material (clay) which is in excess of the quantity required for plantation
purpose in upper terraces shall be deposited in the riverbed pits.
Table 9.4 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste
S. No. Year Mineable Area
(sq. m.)
Volume of
Raw Material
(cum)
Tonnage @
2.25 MT/cum
Solid waste
in form of
Silt/Clay (MT)
1 1st 5333 5333 12000 120
2 2nd 6666 6666 15000 150
3 3rd 5333 5333 12000 120
4 4th 6666 6666 15000 150
5 5th 5333 5333 12000 120
Total 29331 29331 66000 660
It is evident from the soil characteristics of the core zone that it has low contents of
macronutrients Nitrogen and in Organic carbons. The soil shall be mixed with urea and
farmyard manure (FYM) so as to increase its fertility. Apart from this, the bio-fertilizers shall
be added to the soil.
9.4.3. Cost for management of mine waste
The cost of management of mine waste (Silt/Clay) by manual carriage and disposal /
spreading into the areas earmarked for plantation @ Rs. 98/cum for 471 has been assessed
as Rs. 0.46 lac.
9.5. Occupational Health Management Plan
Stone/Sand/Bajri mining does not contain any toxic element. Therefore, the likelihood of any
health hazard does not arise due to the mined product per se. However, the process of
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 153
excavation / quarrying leads to some health hazards. The most significant occupational
health impacts are Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) and Occupational Lung Disease
(OLD) due to inhalation of dust. As per Mines Rules, 1955, medical examination of
employees at the initial stage and periodically, shall be done by a team of qualified medical
officers provided by the project proponent. Regular medical check-up camps shall also be
arranged for detection of occupational diseases and minor disease in the nearby rural
population. Free check-up and medicine for treatment for their acute and chronic illness shall
be provided.
9.5.1. Occupational Health & Safety Measures to Control Dust Inhalation
Providing a working environment that is conducive to safety and health.
The management of occupational safety and health is the prime responsibility of mine
management.
Employee involvement and commitment in the implementation of health and safety
guidelines.
Periodical health checkups
Implementing safety and health management system and assessing the effectiveness
through periodic audits.
Monitoring the effects of mining activities on safety and health and conducting regular
performance reviews.
Provision of necessary personal protective equipments.
Establishing and maintaining a system of medical surveillance for employees
Ensuring employees at all levels receive appropriate training and are competent to carry
out their duties and responsibilities.
All the above precautions would be adopted to prevent dust generation at site and to be
dispersed in the outside environment. However, for the safety of workers at site, engaged at
strategic locations / dust generation points like loading and unloading points, screening sieve,
dust masks would be provided. Dust masks would prevent inhalation of RPM thereby
reducing the risk of lung diseases and other respiratory disorders. Regular health monitoring
of workers will be carried out.
9.5.2. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)
Hearing conservation programmes exists at all operations. Baseline audiogram forms the
basis for future assessment of employees in terms of hearing loss.
Using engineering initiatives to reduce noise at source is the priority management tool. The
hearing conservation programme includes the provision of Hearing Protection Devises
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 154
(HPDs) and annual audiometry examination of all employees. Apart from provision of HPDs
emphasis is also laid on training the employees responsibility to protect his / her hearing.
9.5.3. Occupational Lung Diseases (OLD)
There will be regular health camps for all the workers and nearby rural people. Lung function
tests, chest X-rays etc. shall be carried out and any health disorders will be evaluated. The
budget shall be earmarked for the necessary protective devices and training needs by the
project proponent.
9.5.4. Incidence of Silicosis
Continuous exposure to sand dust can lead to Silicosis, silica tuberculosis and pulmonary
disease. Prolong contact with wet sand can cause fungal infection of hands and legs.
9.5.5. Cost Estimate
For initial and periodical medical check-up of employee of the mines, who are engaged at the
active mine site, budgetary provision of Rs. 600/employee/year shall be made. The provision
at this stage is being made for 25 skilled/semi-skilled / unskilled labourers. The cost estimate
is provided in Table-9.5.
Table 9.5 : Cost Estimate
S. No. Particular Quantity Unit Rate Amount
(Rs. lacs)
1. Yearly medial check up and cost of
free medicines to mine employees
for 5 years
25 x 5 = 125 man year
125 Man year 600 0.75
2. Provision for personal protection
equipment like ear plug, dusk
mask, shoes, goggles and etc., for
25 workers
25 No. 2000 0.50
3. Provision for First Aid facilities 1 Job L.S. 0.15
4. Provision for fire extinguisher and
its regular refilling
1 Job L.S. 0.10
Total 1.50
9.6. Soil conservation works
Hard measures (Engineering structures) shall be constructed to control the toe erosion and
land slips from falling into the river course. This can be accomplished by erecting stone
masonry retaining structure / Gabion structures at stretch of bank showing sign of slope
failure or imminent soil mass movement. Besides this, sometimes the river current is directed
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 155
towards the bank, which are susceptible to toe erosion. In that scenario, it becomes
necessary to repel the current from the bank, for which purpose-repelling spurs are to be
implemented. The advantage with the repelling spurs is that while diverting the current they
create a quiet pocket d/s of these and are filled with river borne material. The provision for
such structures have been incorporated in the working cum environmental management
plan. The cost of which is assessed as Rs. 2.5 lac (Table 9.6).
Table 9.6 : Cost estimate of soil conservation works (engineering)
Sl.
No.
Item Quantity Unit Rate Amount
1. RR Dry stone masonry (5 no.)
Average dimension = 10 m long, 2m high
and side slope 1:4
a. Excavation in foundation with 50% soft rock and
50% E & B
5x 10 x 1.10 x 0.3 = 16.5
16.5 Cum 150.00 2475.00
b. RR stone masonry dry
5x 10 x (1.10 + 0.60 / 2) x 2.0 = 85 cum
85 Cum 300.00 25500.00
2. Wire crate boulder Spurs for stream bank Protection (5no.)
(a) Excavation in foundation with 50% soft rock & 50% E & B 5 x 3.5m x 2.5 x 0.5
21.88 Cum 150 3282.00
(b) Filling of boulder and hand packing in Wire crates 2.25m x 1.25m x 1.25 in three tiers i.e. 3 in first tier 2 each in second and third tier. 5 x 7 (2.25 x 1.25 x 1.25)
123.05 Cum 130.00 15966.00
(c ) Collection of boulder 123.05 Cum 160.00 19688.00
(d) Carriage of boulder average lead 1 km manually
123.05 Cum 400.00 49220.00
(e) Cost of G.1 wire crates
5 x 7 x 15.10 sq m x 2.23 = 1178.55 kg or say
11.8 Qtl
11.8 Qtl 7000 82600.00
(f) Carriage of G.1. wire crate to an average
lead of 1 km by ponies
11.8 Qtl 150.00 1770.00
(g) Weaving of GI wire crate 528.5 20.00 10570.00
Total 211071.00
Add 3% Contingencies 6332.00
Grand Total 217403.00
Or say 2.2 lac
3 Annual care of river/khad 0.3 lac
Say 2.5 lac
9.7. Capital Cost of Project
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 156
Table 9.7 Total capital cost of project
S. No. Particular Capital Cost
Rs in Lakhs
Recurring Cost
Rs in Lakhs
1. Construction of Rest Shelter 3.00 0.10
2. Construction of Latrine with soak pits 0.30 0.05
3. Arrangement of Drinking water 0.50 0.10
4. Mining Equipments 0.20 0.05
Total 4.00 0.3
9.8. Summary of cost of environment management plan
Table 9.8 : Total cost of environmental management plan
S. No. Name of Plan Capital Cost
Rs in Lac
Recurring Cost
Rs in Lac
1. Environment Monitoring Plan for Air,
Noise, Water, Soil, etc.
- 2.50
2. Air Pollution Control-
Management o f H a u l a g e R o a d s
including Sprinkling.
- 2.70
3. Plantation / Green belt development plan
2.50
4. Disposal and spreading of
Silt/clay as per Mining Plan
- 0.46
5. Occupational Health Measures
Provision of PPE and other
Miscellaneous expenditure
0.75 0.75
6. Soil Conservation works (Engineering) - 2.50
7. Corporate Social Responsibility (shall
be met from the overall 1.5% of the
estimated cost of UHL Stage III HEP,
under LADF.)
- -
Total 0.75 11.41
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
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Annexures
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 158
Annexure I : Mine Lease Deed
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Annexure II: Forest Clearance Letter
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 160
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
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Annexure III: Receipt of Application for Lease Renewal
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Annexure IV: NOC from Village Panchayat
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Annexure V: NOC from IPH Department
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Annexure VI: Approved Mine Plan
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Annexure VII: Inventory of Forests
Botanical Name Family (Tree) Local Name English (Name)
Abies pindrow Coniferae Tosh Silver Fir
Acacia nilotica Leguminosal ( Mimosacese) Kikar -
Acacia Catechu Legumilnosal ( Mimosacese) Khair -
Acer Cecsium Sapindacea Mandru, Mandor Maple
Acer oblongum Sapindacea Perange -
Acer Sterculiaceum Sapindacea Chirandru Maple
Adina Cordifolia Rubiaceae Haldu -
Angle marmelos Rutacea Bel, Beelgiri -
Aesoulus Indica Sapindacea Khanor Horse Chestnut
Ailanthus alissima - Ailanthus Allanthus
Albizzia Procera Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Siris (White) -
Albizzia Chinensis Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Ohi -
Albizzia Lebbek Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Siris (Black) -
Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Siris -
Alnus Nitida Cupuliferae Kosh, Kunish Alder
Alnus neplensis Cupuliferae Kosh Alder
Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae Dhou, Chhal -
Bauhinia pururea Leguminosal Karala (Kachnar) -
Bauhinia variegata Leguminosal Kachnar.Karala -
Belula Alnoides Cupuliferal Bhojpatra Birch
Bombox Caiba Bombacacae Semal Red cotton tree
Buxus walliciana Euphorbiaceal Shamshed Box wood
Broussonetia papyrifera Niraceak
Paper mulbery
Careva viminsa Myrtracea
Pool
Carpinus viminsa Cupuliferae Khirk, chevs Himalayan Horabean
Cassia Fistula Caesalpinniaceal Amaltas India laburnum
Cassia siameal Caesalpinniaceal Caccia frondooa Caesalpinniaceal Callistemon viminalis Myrtaceal
Bottle brush
Caserria elliptica Samydaceal Pimple, Goels Cedrela serrata Melieceae Darle Bill Toon
Cedral Toona Moliaceae Tooni, Tun Toon
Cedrus deodara Coniferse Kelo, Diar Deodar
Celtis australis Urticaceae Khirok Nottle tree
Citrus limitta Rutaceae Jhamirdi Cordia dichotoma Boraginacoae Lasura Cordia vestita -do- Lasura Cornus capitata Cornaceaes Kreeva Dog Wood
Cornus macrophylla . Cornaceae Kreeva Dog Wood
Corylus Jacquemontrii Cupuliferas Sharol Hazienut
Cupressus Semparvirans Conifarae Saru Pyremidal Cyprus
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Delbergia sissoo Papillonaceae Shisham, Tali Sissoo
Ehretia acuminata Boraginaceae Bakli Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae Chamror Amblica officindis Euphorbiaceae Amla Engelhardfua Colebrookiana Juglandaceae Samma Erythrina suberosa Papilioneceae Pariara Coral tree
Eucalyptus commaldunsis Myrtaceae Safada River red gun
Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Safada Lemon scented gun
Eucalyptus grandis Myrtaceae Safada Blue gun
Eucalyptus hybrid Myrtaceae Safada Rose gun
Eungnus tingens Celastraceae Kala chindwara Indian spind tree
Euonynus lacerus Celastraceae Kala chindwara Ficus palmate Urticaceae Fagura, Fegra Wild fig
Ficus Misbida -do Dobra -
Ficus religious
-
Ficus religiosa Urticaceae Pipal Ficus roxburghii Urticaceae Tremal, Treimbal -
Flacourtia rementlechi- Bixaceal Bixaceal Kangu, Kaudel -
Fraxinus floribunda
Ash
Ficus sundaica Urticaceal Bar Banyan
Grevillea robusta Proteaceal
Silver Oak
Grewia optive Tiliaceal Bihul Grewia elestica Tiliaceal Bihul Helarrhena antidysenterica Apocytacess
llex dipyrena lllicineae Jacaranda ovalifolia Bignonicose Jacrands Walnut
Kydia calycina Malvaceae Pula Lagerstroemia Indieca Lythraceae Har Singar Lannea grandis Anacardiaceae Selambra Litsaea umbrosa Lauraceae Paror Laurel
Lauraceae Paror Laurel
Litsaea leauphia Legyminosal (Mimosaceal) Subabool Lyonia ovalifolia Leguminosae Airean, Ehran Machilus duthiei Lauraceae Chirindi Machilus odovatissima Lauraceae Chirindi Mallotus Philippinesis Euphorbiaceae Kambal Kamila tree
Mengifer Indiace Anacardiaceae Am Mango
Melio azedarach Meliaceae Drek Persian Lilac
Moringa Pterygosperma Moringaceae Saunjna Morus alba Urticaceae Chimmu Mulberry
Morus serrata Urticaceae Paharitut Hil Mulberry
Myrica esculenta Hyricaceae Kaphal Olea ferruginea Obaceal Kahu Oliva tree
Oroxylum Indicum Bignoriaceae Arlu
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 167
Desmodian ooheinese Leguminosal Sanden Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Khajur, Khajri Wild data palm
Phoenix humilis Palmae Khajri Wild data palm
Pieca smithiana Coniferal Rai Spruce
Pinus roxburghii Conideral Chil Chil Pine
Pinus wallchiana Cineferae Kail Blue Pine
Pistacio integerrima Auacardiaceae Kakare Populus deltoides Salicaceae Chiluna, Pahari Popular
Populus nigra Salicaceae Chiluna, Pahari Pipal Bhari Popular
Pogamia pinnata Papiliona ceae Karanj Indian Beech
Prunus armeniaca Rosaceae Chuli Wild Apricot
Prunus cerasoides Rosaceae Paja Wild cherry
Prunus cornuta Rosaceae Jammu Bird cherry
Punica granatum Lythraceas Auar, Daru Pomegranate
Pyrus lanate Rosaceae Bumfal Pyrus pashia Rosaceae Segal, Kainth Quercus Floribundea Cupliferae Mohru Greek Oak
Quercus glauca Cupliferae Banni Greek Oak
Quercus leucotrichophoya Cupliferae Ban White Oak
Quercus semecarpifolia Capuliferae Kharsu Brown Oak
Rhododendion Orboreum Ericaceae Burah Rhus Puojabensis Ericaceae Titri Robinia Pseudascacia Leguminasal Robinia Salix babylonica Salicaceae Majnu Weeping willow
Salix denticulata Salicaceae Beuns Willow
Salix tetre sperune Salicaceae Beuns Willow
Dapinfud mukeresal Sapindacase Ritha Soap nut tree
Sapium sebiferum Euphariceal Dudhla Chinese Tallow
Symplaces cretsogoides Styraceal - Texus baccata Combretaceae Barmi, Rakhala Yew
Terminalia Ballirica Combretaceae Behara Terminalia Chobula Combretaceae Harad Ulmus Villosa Utricaceal Marinu Small leaf elm
Wrighlia tinotoris Apacynaceal Summa Wrighlia arborea
Summa
Xylosma longifolium Bixaceae Draindu Zizyphus Mauriiana Rhamaceae Beri
SHRUBS Justicia adhatoda Acanthacoae Basuti
Agava cantula
Ramban Andrachna Cordifalis Euphorbiaceae Durlu Artemisia Indica Composital Drubaha Artemisia vugaris Composital Drubaha
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 168
Artemisia vestita Composital Drubaha Artemisia vestita Composital Drubaha Baliospermummonatanum Euphorbiaceae
Berberis ariatata Berberidaceae Kasmal Berberis chitria Berberidaceae Kasmal Berberis lycium Berberidaceae Kasmal Boebmerig maerophylle Urticaceae Siar Calotrpios procera Asclepiadeceae Akh Caragana brevispina Leguminoceae Shameh Carrisa opaca Apocynaceae Garana Carrisa spinarum Apocynaceae Garna, Khern Caryopteris wallichiana Verbenaceae Chilngari Caryopteris foetida Verbenaceae Rumri Cassia occidentalis Verbenaceae Chingari Cassia Obrusifona Leguminosal
Cleroden Drum serratum Verdenaceae Bankakri Calebrookea Oppositifolia Labiatae Banse Cotonaster affinis Labiatae Banse Cotonaster congcstus Labiatae Banse Crotalaria prostata Leguminesae Banse Debregaesia salicifolia Urticaceabe Siaru Daphne cannabina Thymelaeaceae Kanla Desmodium sambuense Leguminesae Safed Kathi Desmodium elegans Leguminesae Safed Kathi Deutzia campacta Saxifragaceae Chururu Deutzia staminea Saxifragaceae Chururu Dodanaea viscosa Sepindaceae Mandru Druanta repens Verbanaceae
Elaeagnus Pavvifolis Rlaeaghaceae Geai Elshoitza fructicosa Labiatae Pothi, Jaunkra Euphorbia royleane Euphorbiaceae Thor Euphorbia prolifera Euphorbiaceae
Eunoymus fimriatus Odastraceae Flemingia prostrata Leguminosae Hamiltonia Suaveolens Rubiaceae Bari podari
Hypericum oblongifolium Hypericaceae Bani Wakra Indigofera hebepetala Leguminosse Kathi Indigofera heterantha Leguminosse
Indigofera cylindrica Leguminosse Indigofera cassiodes Leguminosse Inula cappa Compositae Inula barbata Compositae Ipomea spps. Convolvuaceae Japlota
Jatorpha curcas Euphorbiacae Panch-phuli
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Lantana camera Verbonacoae Choti podari Leptodermis lanceolata Rubiacoae Bilan Limonia spp. Rutacoae Roeni Parasita Loranthus Ligustrinus Loranthocaea Changari Lonicera angustifolia Caprifoliacese
Lonicera Myrillus Caprifoliacese Loicora quinquelocularis Caorufikuacose Jamnu
Murray paniculaia Rulaceae Murraya Keoingli Furaceae Myrsine africana Myrsineceae Kanaru
Nerium Indicum Apocynaceae Nyctanthea Orbertristis Dleaceae Dlatchi
Opuntia Moncantha Actaceae Ongeinie Dalbergioides Leguminosal -
Phoenix acaulie Palmao Kajre Plectranthus Regesus Labiatae Chichri Plectranthus beddomi Labiatae
Ptentilla Fruticosa Rosacoao Prinsepia utilis Rosacoao Bakhal
Colimus corgygria Anacardiaceae Rikhal Rhus punjabensis Anacardiaceae Rikhal Rhododendraon companu Ericaceae Kachari patha Rioinus communis Enphorbiaceae Arand Royea calycina Labiatae Karnai titpoti Rubus biflorus Rosacoae Kala akha Rubus lasiocaarpus Rosacoae Kala akha Rubus paniculatus Rosacoae Kala akha Salix earelinii Salcacoae Cuino Salix denticulata Salcacoae Buins Salix dephonodies Salcacoae Bulns Sarcococca saligna Euphorbiaceae Charabri Skimmia anquelilia Rutaceae Nayr Spirae canescens Rosaceae Chakh Spirae bella Rosaceae
Spiraes linlieyana Rosaceae Filipendula vestata -do- -
Solenum erianthum Solanaceae Ban tamakhu Staphylea emodi Sapindaceae Negdaun Snahe sticks
Tamarix troupii Tamaricaceae Jhao Viburnum cylindricum Caprifoliaceae Diha Viburnum cotinifolium Caprifoliaceae Dab Viburnum mullaha Caprifoliaceae
Viburnum grandiflorum Caprifoliaceae Tilenal Vism album Loranthaceae Bhangra Mistletoe
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 170
Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Banha Wikstroemia canescens Thymelaeaceae Tilak Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae Dawa Zanthoxylum Armatum Rutaceae Tirmira
HERBS Achillea millofolum Composotes Fye
Achyranthes bidentata Amarantaceae Putkanda Achyranthes porlhysistachya Amarantaceae Putkanda Aconitum heterophyllum Renunculaceae Padish, Mohra Acorus Calamus Avaceae Barin Sweet Flag
Adiantum capillusx Avaceae Barin Maiden hair
Agrimonia Pilosa Rosacese Kanaula Ainsliaca Aptera Composital Durwa Ajuga parviflora Labbatae Darpatre Allium loratum Liliaceae - Anaphalis margaritacea Compositae - Anaphalis Conrotra Compositae
Anaphalis triplinevis Compositae Anemone obtusiloba Rununculacas Anemone ribularis Rununculacas Anemone ribularis Rununculacas Arilia cachemirica Araliaceae Argenmone hellevorifolium Araeceae Arisaema intermedium Araceae Arisaema propinqum Araceae
Cobra plant
Asparagus adescendens Liliaceae Sabsi muli Asplenium polypotioides
Linger
Aster molliusculus Compositae Aster Penduncularis Compositae Astropa acuminate Solanaceae Saegngur
Beenninghausenias Albiflora Rutaceae Pessumer Brunella vulgaris Labiatae Patindu Bupleurum Lanceoletum Umbelliferae Banjwain Bupleurum tenue Umbelliferae Banjwain Campanula latifolia Companulaceae
Campanula colorata Companulaceae Cannabis sativa Utricaceae Bheng Hemp
Capsella bursapastoris Vruciferae
Shopherds purse
Carum copticum Umbellifeae Jawain Cassia obtusifolia Leguminosae
Chaerophyllum reflaxum Umbelliforae Khelti Chenopodium Floiosum Chonopodiacae
Colous arematicus Labiatae Pathan beg Datura straonium Selanaceae Datura
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
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Delphinium incisum Ranulculaceae Delphinium vestitum Ranulculaceae Echinops niveus Compositae Elsholtziaestachyodia Labiatae Banjwana
Erigeron Multitadiatus Compositae Foeniculum vulgare Umbelliferae Saunf Fenual
Fragaria Indica Rosaceae Bhumla Straw berry
Fumaria Parviflora Fumariaceae Pitpapra Fragaria rubiginosa Rosaceae
Galium spp Rubiaceae Gentiana Kurroo Gentianaceae Kuru Geranium nepalense Goraniaceae Geranium ocellatum Goraniaceae Geranium robertianum Goraniaceae Chowhri
Geranium wallichianum Coraniaceae Cerbera Lnuginosa Compositae Kupia
Girardinia Heterophylla Utricacoae Bichhubutti Habenaris Donse Orchidaceae Kharwar Habenaris Goloondra Orchidaceae Sirab Halania eliptica Gentianaceae Pitpapra Hydrocotyle aristica Umbelliferae Brahmi Impatiens bicolor Geraniacea
Balsam
Impatiens glandulifera Geraniacea
Balsam
Iris germanica Iridaceae Brechra, Kharera Justicia Japonica Acatchacea
Lathyrus pratensis Leguminosae Lilium gigantoum Liliaceae Malva rotundifolia Nalvaceae Dodu
Mentha longifolia Labiatea Podin Nardostachys Jatamanai Valerianeae Jatamansi Nepta Ciliaris Labiatae Brun Nepeta elliptica Labiatae
Papaver dublum Papaveracear
Poppy
Piororbi za kurrooa Scrophularinaear Karu Pilea obesa Utricaceae Chamrali Pimpinella acuminata Umbelliferae
Pimpinella diversifella Umbelliferae Podophyllum hexandrum Beberidaceae Bankakri Papri
Polygonatum cirrhifolium Liliaceae Polygonatum verticillatum Liliaceae Salang Mishri
Polygonatum nepalense Polygonaceae Nalora Polygonum capitatum Polygonaceae Nalora Potentilla astrosangtunea Rosaceae
Potentilla fulgens Rosaceae Dora
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 172
Prenanthes Brunoniana Compositae Dudhli Primula Donticulata Primulacea Kauri Ranunculus arvensis Ranunulaceae
Butter Cup
Ranunculus arvensis Ranunulaceae
Butter Cup
Rumex hastatus Polygonaceae Malori Rumes nepalensis Polygonaceae Malora Salvia nubicola Labiatas Guadra Salvia Mukerjeea Labiatas
Saussurca spp. Compositae Saxifragiana spp. Sexifrageceae Scutellaria linearis Labiatae Sida rhombiflia Malvaceae Sisymbrium thalianum Cruciferae Jangli sarsin
Sisymbrium iric Cruciferae Jangli sarsin Strobilanthes atripurpurens Acanthaceae Mashna Strobilanthes angustifrons Acanthaceae
Strobilanthes Glutinosns Acanthaceae Strobilanthes Dalhoosianus Swetia chirayits Gentianaceae Charaita
Swetia Cordata Gentianaceae Charaita Swerta Paniculata Gentianaceae Charaita Thalictrum foliolosum Renunculaceae
Thymus linearis Labiatae Ban Ajwayan Tragopogon gracila Compositae
Tripolium protense Loguminosae Urtica Dioca Urticaceae Kugas
Ur tlca Malrel Uetucaceae Kugas Veleriana Hardwichii Valerineae Nohani, Nakh Veleriana Jatemansii Veleriaeae Mushkbala Verbascum thapsus Scrophularineae Gaddi Tamaku Mullain
Veronica Serphyllifolia Scrophularineae Vicia gidula
Vicia Tetrasoerma Viola canescens Violaceae Banafsha
Viola Serpens Violaceae Banafsha TREES AND BAMBOOS
Andropogan halepensis Gramineae Phulna Aristida depresea Gramineae Lambaru Arundineria falcata Gramineae Nirgal Arundineria spathiflora Gramineae Gari, Ringal Arundinella brasiliensis Gramineae - Avena Aspera Gramineae - Bambusa arundinaceae Gramineae Maggar Bambusa nutans Gramineae Daraog
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 173
Bothrochola intermedla Gramineae Palwan Chrysopogon martinii Gramineae Dhawi Cynodon Datylon Gramineae Dub Cyperus niveus Gramineae
Dendrocalamus strictus Gramineae Bans Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gramineae Mohr Bans Eriphorumfulms Gramineae Kohi Eriphorum comosum Gramineae Ghor bager Hetropogon monranus Gramineae Sariala syu Tanli Ischaemum angustufloium Gramineae Baggar Panicum platootum Gramineae
Panicum platactum Gramineae Phicum asporum Gramineae Panicum floccudum Gramineae Phaannua Gramineae Setaria Glanca Gramineae Siun
Setaria virdis Gramineae CLIMBER
Bauhinia vahlii Laguminosea Taur Cacaalpinia bonducalla Laguminoseae Kanderi Caesalpnina Sapiaria Laguminoseae Kanderi Clematis Conneta Ranunculacea
Clematis Grata Ranunculacea Clematis Gouriana Ranunculacea Bel Kangu chabru
Clematis Montana Ranunculacea Cryptolepis buchanani Asclepiadaceae Khurnmble
Cunsutsreflexa Convolvulaceae Akash bel Dloscorla belophylla Dioscoreaceae
Discoria Belophylla Dioscoreaceae Tardi Dioscoria Deltoidea Dioscoreaceae
Hedeva Helix Araliaceae Grumru Ichoarpus frutescens Apocynaaceae
Jasminum officinal Oleaceae Banmalti Jasminum humile Oleaceae Banmalti Jasminum pubescens Oleaceae Dure Millettia ouriculata Leguminosea Salanghe Rosa Macrophylla Rosaceae kujas Rosa moschata Rosaceae Kujas Rubia Cordilfolia Rubiaceae
Smilax asndra Liliaceae Vitis semicordata Liliaceae Mizae
Vitis trifolia Liliaceae Pola Zehneria umbellata Cucurbitacea
Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,
Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 174
Annexure VIII: Certificate of DFO