© 2010 IBM Corporation
A vision of smarter cities:How cities can the lead way into a prosperous and sustainable future
Susanne Dirks, Manager, Global Center for Economic Development
Green Economy Conference, Dublin, 21st May 2010
© 2010 IBM Corporation2 Apr 10, 2023
The focus of our research is on topics relation to economics and the relationship between ICT and economics
Institute for Business Value: IBV Centre for Economic Development
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Agenda
Cities take centre stage
Cities are made up of a system of systems
Cities face a number of challenges that threaten sustainability and prosperity
Building a ‘smarter city’
Agenda
© 2010 IBM Corporation4 Apr 10, 20234
The global environment has changed, making cities a critical level of action
Technology Politics
Economics
An urbanworld
The political landscape has
changed, with cities becoming more important actors
Cities will have a central role in the urbanized 21st century
world
The world economy is now globally integrated and
services-based, with cities as its hubs
Technological advances mean that
cities can better understand and control
their development
Cities take centre stage
A Vision for Smarter Cities | July 2009
© 2010 IBM Corporation5 Apr 10, 20235
Cities are based on a number of core systems which are central to their operation and development
Cities are made up of a system of systems
A Vision for Smarter Cities | July 2009
CITY STRATEGYCITY GOVERNANCE
City Operations SystemsCity User SystemsCity Infrastructure Systems
City Services
CitizensBusinesses
WaterCommunication
EnergyTransport
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Current challenges Threats to sustainable prosperity
Energy Depletion of energy sources
Climate change
Communication
GHG emissions … energy supply shortages
CitizensDemographics … skills … health The pensions crisis
Exploding cities vs dying cities
Water
Challenge of a terabit world
BusinessGlobal competition…Administrative burdenBalancing ever increasing complexity with efficiency
Transport
Water leakage… access .. qualityFreshwater shortages
Flooding
ICT adoption and usage
Taxes and costsCongestion … pollution
City servicesPressure on delivery and funds Inadequate service levels
Inefficiencies
Cities are under pressure to tackle the significant interrelated challenges they face
Cities face a number of challenges that threaten sustainability and prosperity
© 2010 IBM Corporation7 Apr 10, 20237
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
1990 2007
Private car ownership, 1990-2007Total number of vehicles under current licence
Cities must act now and improve transport systems
Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland. Energy in Transport. 2009 Report
-15 100 215 330 445 560
<1.0 litre1.0-1.2 litre1.2-1.5 litre1.5-1.7 litre1.7-1.9 litre1.9-2.1 litre
>2.1 litre
Change in car engine size, 1990-2008% Growth
+1.086 million
Cities face a number of challenges that threaten sustainability and prosperity
Core challenges identified in the Eco-Efficiency Jam 2010:
Issue of pricing transport for suburban dwellers working in the city
Creating flexible and demand-responsive public transport systems
Reducing demand for transport without reducing workforce productivity
Uni-directional loads on public transport networks at peak hours
Energy consumptionLand consumption Lost farmlandWildlife habitat costIncreased taxesGDP impactAir pollutionWater and land pollutionNoise pollution
© 2010 IBM Corporation8 Apr 10, 20238
Stockholm’s Intelligent Transportation System delivers sustainability in the broadest possible sense
Financial
Economic sustainability: using resources efficiently, meaning all
costs, private and public, are reflected in the price of a service in a city
Financial sustainability: so that a city’s costs are in
line with revenues
Environmental sustainability: so that a city does not run out of resources and is not wasting resources
Environmental
Economic
The congestion charge has been self-financing, generating €84m that will be channeled into
further reducing congestion
Example of Stockholm’s Smart Transport System
The environmental benefits include a
reduction in emissions from road traffic of up to 14% and in greenhouse
gases of 40%
Economic benefits include a decrease in inner-city traffic of up to 25%, greater use
of public transport, and a 6% boost in inner-city retail business
A Vision for Smarter Cities | July 2009
Cities face a number of challenges that threaten sustainability and prosperity
© 2010 IBM Corporation9 Apr 10, 2023
Water systems in Irish cities face efficiency, quality and supply pressures
19.8
21.6
29.0
36.0
43.6
47.9
49.1
52.9
0 20 40 60
South Dublin
Fingal
Dun L/ Rathdown
Dublin City
Waterford City
Limerick City
Galway City
Cork City
Irish Cities: Unaccounted for Water, 2008% age of total volume of water supplied
Source: Local Government Management Services Board, Service Indicators in Local Authorities 2008
35%
18%
47%
Leakage ($9.3bn) Water used
Theft/Poor metering
Current usage of global water supplyEstimated Cost in brackets
Source: World Bank, SIWI, WEF, UNCTAD
Cities face a number of challenges that threaten sustainability and prosperity
Challenges from Eco-Efficiency Jam: Waste of water through losses in
transmission implies direct costs and also associated losses of energy
Water harvesting – currently not cost effective, despite being eco-efficient
There is a need to better manage demand for water from large footprint businesses
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Apr 10, 202310 April 10, 2023
Issue Unable to conduct large scale marine environment research and observe ecological phenomena at multiple levels at once.
None availability of live data and lack if capability to respond quickly
Solution Integrated sensor network to provide information on water quality, wave generation and harbour monitoring
Foundational user interface to serve both scientific and management need to make informed decisions
Data analysis and overlay of environmental data through Geographical Information System
Benefits Enables the reduction in time delays in acquiring data to be used in the complex testing of wave energy converter prototypes for green electricity generation
Facilitates real time large scale monitoring and prediction of flooding conditions in Galway Bay
Live data enables quicker response to environmental incidents and events
Smart Bay solution creates worldwide R&D platform for oceanic and environmental research in Galway, Ireland
Dr. Peter Heffernan stated “SmartBay offers a significant new opportunity for Irish industry to create new businesses for Irish technology companies as well as enhancing the viability of the seafood, shipping and water monitoring sectors.”
Cities face a number of challenges that threaten sustainability and prosperity
© 2010 IBM Corporation11
Apr 10, 2023
A ‘Smarter City’ as a system of systems – interacting and interdependent – driven by policy – improving operations - meeting the needs of people
SENSE & RESPONDCAPABILITIES
CITIZEN-CENTEREDSERVICES
GREEN CITYFOR A GREENER PLANET
Building a smarter city
CITY POLICY & ACCOUNTABILITY
SMART CITY
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Apr 10, 202312
A smarter city is one that uses technology to transform its core systems and optimize finite resources
We live in a world of pervasive
technologies, sensors, networks
We live in a world of finite resources, such as energy, water, land,
skill
Cities can use technology to
transform their core systems and maximize
finite resources
Building a smarter city
A Vision for Smarter Cities | July 2009
© 2010 IBM Corporation13
Apr 10, 2023
‘Smart’ requires that solutions be instrumented, interconnected and intelligent
Instrumented
Intelligent technology – in the form of new computing models that can analyze information and relationships - enables cities to use predictive insights for informed decision making and action
Instrumentation enables cities to gather more, better quality, and more timely data than ever before
This offers the ability to measure, sense and see the exact condition of everything
Interconnected technology offers the potential for cities to connect data, systems and people in ways that were not previously possible.
Interconnected Intelligent+ +
= SmartSmart
Building a smarter city
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Apr 10, 2023
Each core system can be made ‘smarter’ through instrumentation, generating more and better quality data for cities than ever before
System Elements Instrumentation
City Services Public service management
Local government administration
Citizens Health and education
Public safety
Government services
Business Business environment
Administrative burdens
Transport Cars, roads
Public transport
Airports, seaports
Communication Broadband, wireless
Phones, computers
Water Sanitation
Freshwater supplies
Seawater
Energy Oil, gas
Renewable
Nuclear
Creation of local authority management information system
Patient diagnostic and screening devices
Data gathering about use of online business services
Measuring traffic flows and toll use
Data gathering via mobile phones
Gather data for water quality monitoring
Fit sensors to gather data on usage across the energy system
Building a smarter city
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Apr 10, 2023
Each core system can be made ‘smarter’ through interconnection, connecting people, data and systems in ways not previously possible
System Elements Instrumentation Interconnection
City Services Public service management
Local government administration
Citizens Health and education
Public safety
Government services
Business Business environment
Administrative burdens
Transport Cars, roads
Public transport
Airports, seaports
Communication Broadband, wireless
Phones, computers
Water Sanitation
Freshwater supplies
Seawater
Energy Oil, gas
Renewable
Nuclear
Creation of local authority management information system
Interconnected service delivery
Patient diagnostic and screening devices
Interconnect records for doctors, hospitals, and other health providers
Data gathering about use of online business services
Interconnect stakeholders across city’s business systems
Measuring traffic flows and toll use
Integrated traffic, weather, and traveller information services
Data gathering via mobile phones
Interconnect mobile phones, fixed line, broadband
Gather data for water quality monitoring
Interconnect businesses, ports, energy users of water
Fit sensors to gather data on usage across the energy system
Interconnect appliances & devices between energy consumers and providers
Building a smarter city
© 2010 IBM Corporation16
Apr 10, 2023
Each core system can be made ‘smarter’ through intelligence, giving cities unprecedented prediction powers
System Elements Instrumentation Interconnection Intelligence
City Services Public service management
Local government administration
Citizens Health and education
Public safety
Government services
Business Business environment
Administrative burdens
Transport Cars, roads
Public transport
Airports, seaports
Communication Broadband, wireless
Phones, computers
Water Sanitation
Freshwater supplies
Seawater
Energy Oil, gas
Renewable
Nuclear
Creation of local authority management information system
Interconnected service delivery
Immediate and joint-up service provision
Patient diagnostic and screening devices
Interconnect records for doctors, hospitals, and other health providers
Patient-driven pre-emptive care
Data gathering about use of online business services
Interconnect stakeholders across city’s business systems
Customized service delivery for businesses
Measuring traffic flows and toll use
Integrated traffic, weather, and traveller information services
Real-time road pricing
Data gathering via mobile phones
Interconnect mobile phones, fixed line, broadband
Information for consumers on city services in real time, on their own time
Gather data for water quality monitoring
Interconnect businesses, ports, energy users of water
Real-time quality, flood, and drought control
Fit sensors to gather data on usage across the energy system
Interconnect appliances & devices between energy consumers and providers
Optimise the use of the system and balance use across time
Building a smarter city
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Apr 10, 2023
Level 1
Single Mode
Level 2
Coordinated
Modes
Level 3
Partially Integrated
Level 4
Multimodal Integration
Level 5
Multimodal Optimized
Governance-Strategic planning
-Performance management
-Demand management
Single mode planning with little coordination between various transport providers.
A transport vision is articulated. Single overarching regulator but with limited planning and management powers.
Integrated multimodal transport authority. Coordinated demand management measures
Integrated corridor-based multimodal planning. Dynamic demand management schemes
Integrated regional multimodal planning. Continuous system-wide performance measures with dynamic pricing
Transport Network Optimization-Data collection, integration & analysis
-Network operational responsiveness
-Incident management
Limited data collection and integration. Ad-hoc analysis and incident response. Manual incident response by individual modes.
Data collection for major routes. Periodic data collection and analysis. Network and incident response mostly by individual modes.
Real-time collection of multiple data source with high-level analysis Automated network and incident response systems.
Real-time multi-modal coverage for most corridors. Detailed real-time data analysis. Automated pre-planned multimodal incident response.
System-wide real-time multi-modal data collection, integration and analysis. Dynamic network optimization and incident response.
Integrated Transport Services-Customer management
-Payment systems
-Traveller information
Minimal; mostly cash collection. Limited and static traveller information.
Customer accounts by mode. Mostly cash collection. Static trip planning with limited real time alerts.
Electronic payments. Multi-channel trip planning and account-based alert subscription.
Multimodal integrated transport card. On journey, multi-modal information services.
Single customer transport account. Location-based multi-modal pro-active trip advisory.
In sum, cities need to transform their (transportation) systems from discrete modes to optimized, integrated modes
Multimodal Network Management Maturity Model summary version 1.0 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2009
The IBM Intelligent Transport maturity model (summary version)
Building a smarter city
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Apr 10, 2023
Moving from left to right on the maturity model can bring a range of benefits across each of these areas
Traditional benefits
Congestion reduction
Modal shift
Shorter commutes
Reduced operating costs
Intelligent transport benefits
New sources of revenue
Better environment
Greater alignment among the transport stakeholders
Customer satisfaction
Improved economic competitiveness
Tokyo “aims to increase the average transport speed from 18km/h to 25km/h”, something that
will “contribute to gaining international competitiveness for the city”.
From traditional approaches To new intelligent transport approaches
The scale of reduction in London’s transport emissions envisaged by its 2025 strategy would be unprecedented across the world’s capital cities and would put London at the forefront of action to address climate change
Building a smarter city
© 2010 IBM Corporation19
Apr 10, 2023
With limited resources, cities must set clear priorities when embarking on the journey toward becoming a ‘smarter city’
19
on
1. Develop long-term strategy
2. Prioritize high value projects
3. Integrate across
systems
4. Optimize services and operations
5. Discover opportunities
for growth and optimization
on
1. Develop long-term strategy
2. Prioritize high value projects
3. Integrate across
systems
4. Optimize services and operations
5. Discover opportunities
for growth and optimization
Guiding principles: Assemble the team
Think revolution, not evolution
Target all, not just one
Building a smarter city