ImpressionsCHS
Forensics
Mr. McNiff
Types of impressions
Tool Marks
Shoe Prints
Tire Tracks
Bite Marks
Mr. McNiff
Tool Marks
A tool mark is any impression, cut, gouge, or abrasion caused by a tool coming into contact with another object.
Most often tool marks are encountered at a burglary scene that involves forcible entry.
Mr. McNiff
Tool Marks cont.
Typically tool mark impressions are left behind on the frame of a door or window.Careful examination of the marks can yield class characteristics, size and shape of the tool.
Mr. McNiff
Tool Marks cont.
Small random striations during manufacturing of the edge of a pry bar, chisel, screwdriver, or knife will have microscopic irregularities, ridges and valleys.These irregularities are enhanced by usage, where the tool, through use, can become damaged giving individual characteristics.
Mr. McNiff
Tool Marks cont.
When the tool is scraped against a softer material these minute marks are left behind.
These minute marks are matched to the suspected tool using a comparision microscope.
Mr. McNiff
Tool Marks cont.
When the evidentiary materials cannot be brought back to the lab or is to big to be placed under the microscope, casts are made of the tool marks using liquid silicone .
Mr. McNiff
Tool Marks cont.
Under no circumstances is the suspected tool and the evidentiary material to come into contact.
This could compromise the evidence and will cast doubt on the integrity of the evidence
Mr. McNiff
Types of impressions
Tool Marks
Shoe Prints
Tire Tracks
Bite Marks
Mr. McNiff
Shoe Print
Shoe prints can be left on multiple surfaces.
The first step with handling shoe print evidence is to photograph the print at multiple angles.
Mr. McNiff
Shoe Print cont.
2-D: This type of impression is a flat deposit of dust and dirt.
Some impressions can be dusted with fingerprint powder to be photographed or lifted with tape or an electrostatic dust lifting process called “Pathfinder”.
Mr. McNiff
Mr. McNiff
Shoe Print cont.3-D: prints can be made from shoe prints left in soft earth.This type of impression is photographed first then castedCasting involves the using dental stone (gypsum) or a similar substance to preserve the dimensional characteristics of the print.
Mr. McNiff
Dust and dirt hardener firms up loose soil.
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Shoe Print cont.
Investigators can analyze a shoe print to determine its class, or the type and brand of shoe.
They will also look for individual characteristics, such as wear patterns and specific damages or defects.
Mr. McNiff
Mr. McNiff
Shoe Print cont.
Depending on the quality of the impression, investigators may be able to determine a person’s speed (walking vs. running) as well as estimate the size of a person based on the impression’s depth.
Mr. McNiff
Footwear impressions are found at virtually every crime sceneFootwear impression evidence often provides an important link between the suspect and the crime scene. Impressions left behind at the crime scene give the direction the suspect traveled while committing the crime. This information may place the suspect at the crime scene or eliminate the suspect as having been there.
Mr. McNiff
Mr. McNiff
Mr. McNiff
Types of impressions
Tool Marks
Shoe Prints
Tire Tracks
Bite Marks
Mr. McNiff
Tire TracksTire tracks are usually found in road accident scenes or in the access and escape routes of other crime scenes.
Tracks help investigators identify the type of vehicle that left them.
Mr. McNiff
Tire Tracks Cont.
Investigators may make ink prints of a tire or plaster casts of a track.
They will also take photographs that can later be used to prove a match.Texas’s
unsolved Phantom
killer
Mr. McNiff
Tire Tracks Cont.
Features to analyze:
Tread pattern
Width & depth of the tread pattern
Unique characteristics due to the wear pattern or defects
Mr. McNiff
Types of impressions
Tool Marks
Shoe Prints
Tire Tracks
Bite Marks
Mr. McNiff
Bite Marks
Human bite marks on skin, Styrofoam cups, gum or food can be helpful in murder and rape cases Dental records including x-rays can also provide useful information, especially when attempting to identify a victim.
Forensic anthropologist Bill
Bass, left, and his co-author, Jon Jefferson, examine a decaying corpse on the Body
Farm.
Mr. McNiff
Features to analyze:Type of bite mark (human or animal)Characteristics of the teeth (position, evidence of dental work, wear patterns, etc.)Color of area to estimate how long ago the bite occurred (old or recent bite)
Mr. McNiff
Mr. McNiff
Mr. McNiff
Mr. McNiff
Types of impressions
Tool Marks
Shoe Prints
Tire Tracks
Bite Marks
Mr. McNiff
PicturesSlide background
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/impression-evidence-1.jpghttp://www.maine.gov/dps/msp/criminal_investigation/crimelab/footwear.htmhttp://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/2086687/2/istockphoto_2086687-nine-tire-tracks.jpghttp://www.forensicsciencesfoundation.org/career_paths/images/Fig7Comparison.jpghttp://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jeffery/astro/moon/onmoon/nasa_footprint_apollo11_002.jpghttp://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/people/mouths/teeth-chattering.gif
Slide 2 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_zBH03E9jg5w/SghpQZhRgYI/AAAAAAAABCE/nYEAockrlBs/s400/tool+mark+2.jpg
Slide 3http://www.dps.state.ia.us/DCI/lab/firearms/toolmark_ID.shtml
Slide 4 http://www.focossforensics.com/html/toolmarks.htmlhttp://www.state.nj.us/njsp/divorg/invest/ofs/images/tools1.jpg
Slide 5http://www.fei.com/uploadedImages/Images/Image_Gallery/Tool_Marks_onCut_Wire_lg_240.jpghttp://www.leedsforensics.com/home.asphttp://www.maine.gov/dps/msp/criminal_investigation/crimelab/toolmarks.htm
Slide 6Slide 8
http://www.wagnerandson.com/images/bm_heel.jpgSlide 9
http://science.marshall.edu/murraye/images/images/_42571001_shoe_print_fss%20forensic%20science%20service.jpghttp://kulkul.xahoihoctap.net/collection/scientific-terms/electron-microscopy.html?view=mediawiki&article=Forensic_footwear_evidence
Slide 10http://www.bvda.com/EN/ENimage/dlk_lift.gif
Slide 11http://intercsi.com/new/components/com_virtuemart/shop_image/product/74acee42ec70a901453aa87898c3cd22.jpg
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PicturesSlide 11
http://www.evidentcrimescene.com/cata/cast/casting2.jpgSlide 12
http://www.leelofland.com/wordpress/?p=143Slide 13 & 14
http://www.evidentcrimescene.com/cata/cast/dscasting.htmlSlide 15
http://www.okjordans.com/images/jordan-1/jordan-1-14.jpghttp://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/current/review/2009_07_review02.htm
Slide 16http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/current/review/2009_07_review02.htm
Slide 18http://www.state.nj.us/njsp/divorg/invest/ofs/images/footwear3.jpg
Slide 20http://www.truckautoaccidentlawyer.com/car-wreck-cropped.jpghttp://thehealingtouch.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/4295-gta-iv-multiplayer-hit-hard1.jpghttp://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/ba3468a2a8681f69872569d60073fde1/e7a62f10b2115e9f87256c150077085f/$FILE/fsets5bl.gif
Slide 21 http://www.texasranger.org/history/images/TireTrack.gif
Slide 23http://www.ncforensicodontology.org/media/photo_apple.jpghttp://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/01/16/1073878020713.html
Slide 24http://www.geradts.com/anil/ij/vol_005_no_002/reviews/tb/book008/01_24.jpghttp://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/SharkAttack.jpg
Slide 25http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/backissu/july2001/bowers.htm
Slide 26http://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/media/detailed/vi_c_301.jpg
Mr. McNiff
Referenceshttp://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/current/review/2009_07_review02.htmSaferstein, Richard. Criminalistics an introduction to forensic science. Upper Saddle River, N.J: . Prentice Hall, 2004. Print.
Musichttp://www.rosswalker.co.uk/movie_sounds/jaws.htm