In the name of God
ACLPCL
Persented by :
Bahador Rafiee
Anterior Cruciate Lig. Posterior Cruciate Lig.
Anatomy
ACL , PCL
Function
1-Anterior Drawer Test anterior force applied at 90 degrees of flexion
Examination
2-Posterior Drawer Test
Most accurate test for PCL tear. Patient in supine position with knee flexed 90°. Apply a posteriorly directed force to proximal tibia.
Examination
3-Lachman Test best test for ACL laxity.
Knee placed in 20-30 degrees of flexion, the femur is stabilized, and an anteriorly directed force applied to proximal calf.
Examination
4-Pivot-Shift TestConfirms complete ACL tear. Based on very early flexion causing anterior subluxation of the tibia that is reduced with further flexion (20-40 degrees) due to the posterior pull of the iliotibial tract.
Examination
Mac Murray’s Test
Examination
An ACL tear is most often a sports-related injury. ACL tears can also occur during rough play, mover vehicle collisions, falls, and work-related injuries. About 80% of sports-related ACL tears are "non-contact" injuries. This means that the injury occurs without the contact of another athlete, such as a tackle in football. Most often ACL tears occur when pivoting or landing from a jump. The knee gives-out from under the athlete when the ACL is torn.
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Female athletes are known to have a higher risk of injuring their anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, while participating in competitive sports.
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Noncontact injury An audible pop often accompanies this injury, which often
occurs while changing direction, cutting, or landing from a jump (usually a hyperextension/pivot combination).
Within a few hours, a large hemarthrosis develops. Patients usually are unable to return to play, secondary to
pain, swelling, and instability or giving way of the knee.Contact and high-energy traumatic injuries These injuries often are associated with other ligamentous
and meniscal injuries. The classic "terrible triad" (ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
tears) involves a valgus stress to the knee with resultant acute injury to the ACL and MCL; however, the medial meniscus tear is now thought to occur later, as a result of chronic ACL deficiency.
Clinical feature
Radiography
In adult with bone fracture
With other lesion
Just ligament tearing : 1- normal people
2- athlete people
Chronic tearing
Treatment
Thanks for your attention