10/3/2015 Infectious Arthritis in Dogs
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DOGS > ARTHRITIS / BONE AND JOINT DISEASE
Infectious Arthritis in Dogs
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Infectious arthritis in dogs, which is also known as septic arthritis, isa type of arthritis that is caused by an infection in the fluid and tissuesof a joint. It’s considered an inflammatory joint disease, unlikeosteoarthritis which is classified as a degenerative joint disease.Inflammatory arthritis can affect either one joint or multiple joints, andit is usually recognized by signs of systemic illness such as fever,anorexia and stiffness in the limbs and joints.
Causes of Infectious Arthritis
Bacteria are one of the most common causes of infectious arthritis indogs. Tickborne diseases like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever canintroduce the bacteria that leads to infectious arthritis. Bacteria canalso enter your dog's body through gum disease. Because of theconnection between bacterial arthritis and gum disease, checkingyour dog’s teeth and gums regularly can be an effective way to avoidarthritis caused by infection. Viruses and fungal infections can alsocause infectious arthritis but bacterial sources are the mostwidespread and also the most diverse.
Types of Bacterial Arthritis
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LForm bacterial arthritis – Lform bacteria are bacteria that haveno cell walls. This distinction makes them difficult to treatbecause certain antibodies, such as penicillin, are not effectivebecause they work by attacking the cell walls of bacteria.
Rickettsial arthritis Rickettsial arthritis is contracted after beinginfected with rickettsia or rickettsialike organisms through tickbites. Common tickborne diseases that produce rickettsialarthritis are Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and canineehrlichiosis.
Spirochetal arthritis Spirochetal arthritis is caused bysphirochetes, a spiralshaped class of bacteria. This type ofbacteria causes both Lyme disease and Relapsing Fever.
Viral Arthritis
A viral infection can occasionally cause a postviral infection thatresults in joint pain because of the immune system attacking jointswhile in the process of fighting the invading virus. Considered a postviral infection, this type of arthritis usually only lasts for about a weekbut could last longer, depending on the type of virus that caused theinfection.
Fungal Arthritis
Fungal arthritis is a rare complication of a systemic fungal infection.Some of the most common fungi associated with this disease are:
aspergillus terreus
sporotrichum schenckii
cryptococcus neoformans
blastomyces dermatiditis
coccidioidomycosis immitis
Symptoms of Infectious Arthritis
While infectious arthritis can affect multiple limbs, it usually affectsonly a single joint. Symptoms can include:
swelling
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Deformity Correction, Nonunion,
fever
pain
loss of appetite
depression
Physical signs to watch for are:
limping
reluctance to walk or climb stairs
difficulty rising from a resting position
difficulty finding a comfortable resting position
crying or whimpering for no apparent reason
Treating Infectious Arthritis
Infectious arthritis can be difficult to diagnose because clinical signsmight not indicate a specific cause during the early stages of thedisease. Proper treatment requires identifying the microorganismsinvolved so the proper antibiotics, antiviral drugs, or antifungal drugscan be used.
Physical signs, joint fluid analysis, radiography, and microbiologytesting are performed to determine both the type of arthritis and thetreatment to be used. Arthroscopic surgery can also be performed toremove the infected synovial fluid and reduce the swelling andpressure on the joint.
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