Essential Question What is integrated pest management?
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I P M Definition: pest management strategy that uses a
combination of best management practices (BMP) to reduce pest
damage with the least disruption to the environment. Why? Over time
pests become resistant. IPM is able to adapt over time
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IPM To keep pest populations below the economic or aesthetic
injury level the point at which plant losses due to the pests are
equal to the cost of control. Provide: protection against hazards
to humans, domestic animals, plants and the environment.
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IPM Ecologically based pest control strategy Includes natural
factors Climate, Natural enemies of pests
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IPM Phase 1 Involves pest identificatio n, monitoring, and
action thresholds.
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Action Threshold The predetermined level at which pest control
is needed. ET= Action Threshold Based on $!!
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IPM Phase 2 Evaluate all possible control methods If action
threshold is met, try out what works until you fix the
problem!
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IPM Option 1: Biological Ladybird larvae eating wooly apple
aphids
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IPM Option 2: Chemical
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IPM Option 3: Mechanical
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IPM use BMPs Best Management Practices (BMP) practices that
combine scientific research with practical knowledge to optimize
yields and increase crop quality while maintaining environmental
integrity.
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BMP Help protect sensitive environmental areas. Examples
Currently Used: Management of surface/subsurface run off Erosion
control b. Cultural control of pests c. Soil testing d. Timing and
placement of fertilizers e. Controlled release fertilizers f.
Irrigation management g. Biological control of pests h. Pesticide
selection i. Correct pesticide use
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Basic Elements IPM A. Peoplesystem devisers and pest managers
B. Knowledge and information needed to devise the system and make
sound decisions C. Program for monitoring the ecosystem elements D.
Pest densities at which control methods are put into action E.
Techniques used to manipulate pest populations F. Agents and
materials G. Scouting: monitor plants regularly to determine
current levels of pest activity
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Vocabulary Action threshold Best management practices (BMPs)
Economic or aesthetic injury level Integrated pest management (IPM)
Scouting
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Activities Review Quiz Book work Pg 159 Read Chapter Define
vocabulary Complete Self Eval Questions COMPLETE SENTENCES
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Copy this for your notes!
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Integrated Pest Management Determining Types of Pesticides
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Warm Up Which would you eat?
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Essential Question What are the major classifications of
pesticides?
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Pesticides are the materials used to control pests. Pests are
anything that causes injury or loss to a plant. natural or
man-made. now often done only when absolutely necessary. must be
done safely to reduce potential injury to people and the
environment.
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Pests Cause Damage! Damage Plant Parts Compete for space and
nutrients Weeds Reduced quality of harvested product Contamination
Decreased production crop
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What are the major classifications of pesticides? Insecticides
are used to control insects, which are a group of animals with an
exoskeleton and three body parts. Killed by body contact, by
swallowing, or through the respiratory system.
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What are the major classifications of pesticides? Miticides are
used to control mites and ticks. They are usually killed by coming
in contact with the chemical.
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What are the major classifications of pesticides? Fungicides
are used to control fungal disease. Prevent a plant from becoming
infected. Applied before the disease is present.
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What are the major classifications of pesticides? Herbicides
are used to kill unwanted plants. Rodenticides kill rodents, such
as rats and mice. Usually applied as bait. Eating the chemical
poisons the rodents.
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What are the major classifications of pesticides? Nematocides
kill nematodes, which are tiny hair-like roundworms that feed on
the roots of plants. Usually applied in the form of a fumigant A
substance that produces a smoke, vapor, or gas when applied.
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What are the major classifications of pesticides? Molluscicides
are used to kill slugs and snails. Applied as bait, which attracts
the slugs and snails and poisons them.
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Herbicides Herbicides are classified by selectivity contact
versus translocation timing mode of action. Herbicides are
classified as being selective or nonselective. Selective herbicides
act on certain plant species and not others. Nonselective
herbicides kill all vegetation.
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What are the major classifications of herbicides? Herbicides
may act on contact with plants or be translocated in the plant.
Contact herbicides kill the parts of a plant to which it is
applied. Translocated or systemic herbicides are absorbed by the
roots or other plant parts and moved throughout the plant by
vascular tissues.
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What are the major types of herbicides? Growth Regulators: kill
weeds by altering growth or metabolic processes. Soil sterilant: a
compound that prevents the growth of plants in the soil. most
commonly used along ditch banks and fence rows.
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What are the major classifications of herbicides? Timing -
stage of the crop or weed development. Preplanting applications are
made before the crop is planted to control annual weeds.
Preemergence applications are made before the crop or weeds emerge.
Postemergence applications are completed after the crop or weeds
have emerged.
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What are the major classifications of herbicides? Mode of
action refers to how herbicides kill weeds. The mode of action- the
effect on metabolic processes or enzyme systems that result in a
lethal or toxic action in the plant. Herbicides may have a single
mode of action or a multiple mode of action.
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What are the major classifications of insecticides?
Insecticides are classified by how they enter an insects body.
Three general groups contact, stomach, and respiratory. Contact
insecticide is absorbed through the skin or exterior of an insect.
The chemical must be applied directly on the insect and is normally
used with sucking insects.
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What are the major classifications of insecticides? Stomach
insecticide is effective when eaten. Applied to the plant parts,
which are eaten by the insect. Most effective on chewing insects.
Respiratory insecticide is an insecticide that enters the
respiratory system of the insect. It is commonly called a fumigant.
Used in enclosed places.
Activities Review Quiz 2 Book Work Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20
Complete Self Eval in Complete Sentences
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Integrated Pest Management Using Pesticides Safely
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Warm Up What is this? What do we use it for? Where do you find
this?
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Essential Question What are the 4 types of exposure to
pesticides?
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Classification of Pesticides Toxicity: degree of poison in a
material Amount of active ingredient and chemical nature determines
toxicity Classified into 2 categories General Use Restricted
Use
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Measuring Toxicity (oral and dermal) LD 50+ LD= Lethal Dose -
amount necessary to case death 50= 50% of test animals are killed
at that dose Lower the LD 50+ the more poisonous the chemical
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Measuring Toxicity (inhalation) LC 50+ LC= Lethal Concentration
Measured in milligrams per liter Lower the LC 50+ the more
dangerous the chemical
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General Use Pesticides Widely used Just follow the label Less
harmful to the environment No special training required for
use
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Restricted Use Pesticides More toxic than General Use High risk
to humans and environment Must have training to use the poison
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Types of Pesticide Exposure Oral Exposure: Through the mouth or
digestive system Wash hands to avoid oral exposure
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Types of Exposure Dermal Exposure: Through the skin Severity
depends on: Toxicity, Absorption rate, Size of exposure area,
Length of contact time
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Types of Exposure Inhalation Exposure: Through nose and
respiratory systems Breathing in vapors, sprays, or dust
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Types of Exposure Eye Exposure: Through the eye Very sensitive
Wear eye protection!
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Be Creative! Draw on your own: An advertisement explaining the
different exposures and the dangers of pesticide exposure.
Individual assignment on a separate piece of paper. Please turn in
when finished Eye Exposure: Eyes are VERY sensitive! Wear
protective eyewear ! Oral Exposure: Through the mouth. Wash your
hands after handling pesticides
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Safety Procedures Pesticides are helpful but can be pollutants
Must follow simple safety practices Passed Worker Protection
Standard Law that provides a set of rules to help prevent pesticide
related injuries
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Simple Safety Procedures 1.Only used approved pesticides 2.Know
the pesticide 1.Applicator must be informed about the chemical by
reading labels 3.Use pesticide with low toxicity 1.Should only
perform its job, not too strong 4.Use pesticides only when needed
1.When pests need to be controlled!
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Simple Safety Procedures 5.Do not contaminate resources 1.Never
dumped into stream etc. 6.Wear protective clothing 1.Rubber gloves,
respirators etc 7.Proper Disposal 1.Rinse and send to proper waste
facility
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Simple Safety Procedures 8. Apply in good weather Wind and rain
can carry pesticides 9. Use the right equipment Control spray
levels, and keep equipment clean and in working condition 10. Know
emergency procedures What will happen in case of an accident?
Integrated Pest Management Understanding Pesticide Labels
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Warm Up What information can you gather from this yard
label?
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Essential Question List information you find on a pesticide
label?
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Labels Provide info on active ingredient Active ingredient is
what kills the pest Steps to understanding your labels Read (and
reread) the label Before handling the product Understand the label
May require special training Follow label directions Criminal and
Civil charges could result from misuse
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Label Break Down Has 2 sides Front side contains the following
information 1.Use Classification 1.General or Restricted 2.Trade
Brand Name 3.Formulation 1.Ingredients 4.Common Name
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Label Break Down 5.Ingredients Inert : inactive but needed for
safety 6. Net Contents Lbs, quarts, gallons, etc 7. Signal Words
DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION (based on toxicity level
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Label Break Down 8. Precautionary Statements First Aide,
Potential hazards, Flammability 9. Establishment Number Where the
product was made 10.EPA Registration number 11.Name and Address of
manufacturer
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Label Break Down Back label contains: Hazardous materials
Warnings Directions for use 1. sites which can be treated with the
pesticide 2. target pest(s) the product will control 3. amount of
chemical to use per acre 4. type of equipment and application
methods that can be used 5. proper mixing procedures 6. when the
pesticides should be applied 7. reentry limitations 8. guidelines
for storage and disposal 9. limitations on its use Limitation
guidelines
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Reading a Label Activity Answer the Following Questions about
the label: 1.Is it Restricted or General Use? Define answer 2.What
signal word is used? 1.What does this tell you about toxicity
levels? 3.What type of pesticide is this? (powder, granular) 4.What
% of the ingredients are inert? What % are active? 5.Who makes this
product? Where are they located? 6.What is the EPA number of this
product? 7.What precautions/warnings are given concerning the
product? 8.What is the name of the product? 9.What is the Net
contents/weight of the product? 10.What is the active
ingredient?
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PAY CLOSE ATTENTION As an applicator (user of the pesticide)
you should pay special attention to : the signal words
precautionary statements directions.
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When do you read the label? 1.Before buying the pesticide
2.Before mixing the pesticide 3.Before applying the pesticide
4.Before storing the pesticide 5.Before disposing of your
pesticide
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Vocabulary Active ingredient Common name Formulation
General-use pesticide Inert Restricted-use pesticide Signal words
Toxicity Trade (brand) name
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Activities Review Quiz 4
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Integrated Pest Management Applying Pesticides
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Warm Up What safety precautions are being taken while applying
these pesticides? Why do you think these precautions are being
taken?
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Essential Question What are the types of application
areas?
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Time of Application Definition: when pesticides are applied
relative to the stage of growth of the crop Three Types Preplant
Preemergence Postemergence
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Applications Preplant Application Before the crop is the
planted Seedbed is prepared then pesticide is applied Preemergence
Application Before the crop has emerged Broken through the soil
Applied during planting or shortly after Postemergence Application
Applied after crops are growing and pests are ID-ed
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Area of Application Definition: the extent of coverage of a
crop or turf. Areas: Band Application Broadcast Application
Directed Application Spot Application
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Areas Defined Band Application: treating narrow strips with
pesticides, 10-12 inches wide, places pesticides close to plants
Broadcast Application: treating an entire area, no area is left
untouched by pesticides Directed Application: treating only
selected plants, apply where pests are present, saves $ Spot
Application: treating only certain areas within a field or pasture,
target high concentrations of pests, protects environment
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Represent Application Areas Follow your worksheet. On a
separate piece of paper you can define the different areas of
application This will help you on your test. Turn in when finished
Dont forget your name!
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Calibrating Pesticides Helps maximize performance! Definition:
setting equipment to meter the exact amount of herbicide needed.
Purpose: insure that the sprayer applies the correct amount of
pesticide uniformly over a given area
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Variables that Effect Calibration Nozzle Flow Rate: Changes the
size of the nozzle tip and nozzle pressure Larger tip larger flow
rate To double flow rate, pressure must increase 4x Ground Speed:
rate of travel across the ground Inversely related to spray
application rate Doubling ground speed decreases application by 1/2
Spray width per nozzle
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Vocabulary Area of application Band application Broadcast
application Calibration Directed application Economic threshold
Emerged Ground speed Injury threshold Postemergence applications
Preemergence applications Preplant applications Spot application
Time of application
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Activities Review Quiz 5
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Integrated Pest Management Managing Environmental Impact of
Pesticides
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Warm Up Projected Pesticide Run Off Where is the highest level
of run off? Why is this a major environmental problem?
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Essential Question What are the main environmental concerns
involved with pesticide use?
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Pesticides A major concern Problem Areas Nontarget Areas
Biodegrading Disposal
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Non target Areas Area where the pesticide was not intended A
result of drift movement of a pesticide through the air Surface Run
off Leaching
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Biodegrading Ability to be decomposed by biological action
Results in accumulation in groundwater, plants or animals (tissues)
Collect Pesticides with these characteristics should be avoided if
possible
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Disposal Most destructive Easiest to solve! Applicators
responsibility to make sure pesticides are properly disposed of
Where do we find this information!?
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Pesticide Persistence Amount of time it takes for a pesticide
to biodegrade or break down More persistent a pesticide= more
likely to enter groundwater Persistence Classifications Rapid
Accumulative Persistent
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Rapid Decomposers Break down quickly Remain in target area for
short time Little adverse effect on environment When used properly
Should be first option to use as a pesticide
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Accumulative Pesticides Build up in the bodies of Animals,
Humans Potentially can build to a dangerous level Harms the
organism Harms the consumer of that organism
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Persistent Pesticides Break down slowly Desirable for long term
pest management Do not react to light, heat, or oxygen Slightly
water-soluble Do not always accumulate In organisms
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Disposal Quick and proper disposal is a MUST Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) for the management of
hazardous toxic materials and their containers illegal to store or
dispose of pesticides in ways that would likely harm humans or the
environment
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Disposal Procedures Based on amounts of pesticides needing to
be disposed Small amounts: like those found in houses, buried in
state-approved landfills Large amounts: considered hazardous waste,
disposed by licensed facilities
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Triple Rinse Method Recommended procedure as follows 1. Drain
the container into the spray tank. Hold container upside down for30
seconds. 2. Add water until the container is about full then close
3. Shake or roll the container to rinse all interior areas; then
drain the remaining liquid 4. Repeat the rinse and drain procedure
two more times. 5. Puncture plastic or metal triple-rinsed
containers to prevent reuse. 6. Crush the container to reduce
volume.
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Activities Review Quiz 6 On the back of your review quiz:
Represent the 3 types of pesticide persistent levels in the form of
a graph. Each type should be represented by a different color.
Provide a KEY for your graph. Label your graph and both axis.
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Activities Design a Review Guide Due 1:50 Table 1: Fill in the
Blanks Table 2: Design a Crossword puzzle Using vocabulary Table 3:
10 Short Answer Questions Table 4: 15 Multiple Choice Make a KEY
for your study Guide! Keep your key in your notes! Test on
Friday!!!!!!!