Integrating Back, Bookmarks and History
Shaun KaastenSaul Greenberg
University of Calgary
The MessageA single system can integrate back,
bookmarks, and history
Revisiting
• People constantly revisit web pages
• Percentage of navigations:• 58% (Tauscher, Greenberg, 1997) • 81% (Cockburn, McKenzie, 2000)
1995 Web browser Study
History1%
Back41%
Bookmark2%
Other4%
Hyperlinks52%
Catledge, Pitkow
1997 Web Browser Study
History1%
Other (Open
local, New Window, Forward,
Reload…)
26%
Back30%
Bookmark2%
Hyperlinks41%
Tauscher, Greenberg
Why Don’t People Use Bookmarks and History?
• Instead, relying on simpler methods of revisiting
Too Many Different Models
Page Representation
Managing Bookmark Collections
Abrams, Baecker and Chignell, 1998
Back Button Confusion
A
B
C
I
Cockburn &Jones,1996
I
A
Back Button Confusion
Cockburn &Jones,1996
Integrated System
Recency ordered list
Dog ears
Dynamic Query
Thumbnail images
The MessageA single system can integrate back, bookmarks, and history
www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/grouplab/software