Integrating Community Development and Transportation Strategies
TRB Annual MeetingTransportation and Land Development Committee
Wednesday, January 15, 2014 (4:30 – 6:00 pm)
R-B CORRIDOR 1970 R-B CORRIDOR TODAY
2
The Community Development – Transportation Question
• Can communities support increased economic activity, improved environmental performance and quality of life while reducing reliance on auto travel and associated VMT growth?– In Arlington, the answer is yes, but it takes commitment and
continued innovation– Transportation infrastructure investments and services must be
closely aligned with development
• Are there other ancillary community benefits?– The reduced reliance on auto travel yields many other community
benefits: more efficient use of land, reduced environmental impacts, lower energy use, a lower carbon footprint, improved public health
Topics to be covered
• Overview of development and transportation in Arlington
• Selected community performance indicators
• Lesson learned• Areas for further investigation
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Context
• Arlington, Virginia – 25.8 sq. miles in area including federal lands• Continuing to grow – with over 276,000 residents and 308,000 jobs
projected by 2040 (212,900 residents and 228,700 jobs in January 2013)
• Over 88.5% of all housing/household/population growth and 96% of all employment growth forecasts for established transit districts (Rosslyn-Ballston, Jefferson Davis and Columbia Pike Corridors)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
19701980199020002010202020302040
Households Residents Jobs
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Development Concepts
• Concentrate high and mid-density redevelopment around transit stations (highly targeted) and taper down to existing neighborhoods
• Encourage a mix of uses and services in station areas
• Create high quality pedestrian environments and enhanced open space
• Preserve and reinvest in established residential neighborhoods
5
General Land Use Plan
Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor
Jefferson Davis Corridor
6
Columbia Pike
Development Characteristics
• 44.5 million sq. ft. of office space*, 41 million sq. ft. in Metro station areas* with over 4 million sq. ft. of supporting retail & services
• 108,000 housing units (over 43,000 in Metro station areas)• Over 3,250 housing units, 1.6 million sq. ft. of office, 190,000 sq. ft. of retail
under construction as of January 2013.
* Includes the Pentagon @ 5 million sq. Ft.
7
Transportation Facilities & Services – Expanding Travel Options
• 1,094 lane-miles of streets and 19
miles of HOV lanes
• Over 5,400 on-street metered parking
spaces
• 12 miles of Metrorail lines and 11
stations
• VRE commuter rail
• Extensive regional (Metrobus) and
local bus (ART) service
• And expanding car-share program
with over 86 cars
• A growing bikesharing program with
70 stations w/ 20 additional stations
funded• 50 miles of multi-use trails and 36
miles of on-street bike lanes and
sharrows
• Extensive and growing network of
sidewalks
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• Residents – Over 212,900 in January 2013– Over 140,000 workers with 70% working outside the
County– Lowest resident drive-alone commute rate in all VA
regions– 46% residents use non-SOV as primary commute
mode
• Employees commuting to Arlington-based jobs – Over 228,700 jobs in 2013– 200,000+ jobs clustered around transit in Arlington’s
high-density corridors.– 160,000+ workers commute into Arlington daily Over
40% take transit, walk or bike to work.
• Visitors – 4 million plus visitors to Arlington National Cemetery– Over 10,500 hotel rooms used as a base for visitors
from outside the region– Many daily visitors from adjacent jurisdictions
• Through travelers & commuters
Transportation System Users
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Transportation System Use
• > 4 million vehicle-miles of travel per day • 220,000 Metrorail boardings/alightings• > 64,000 bus trips• > 3,000 commuter rail boardings/alightings• > 8,000 car-share members• > 200,000 transit-related walking trips• < 50% of all resident and worker trips in the Metro
Corridors by SOV
10
Transportation System Use
64,000 daily bus boardings
Transportation System Use
12
41,000 regional members 261,000 trips taken Oct. 2013
Transportation System Use
8,000+ Carsharing Members
Transportation Strategies to Influence Travel Patterns
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• Concentrate mixed use development around transit stations
• Create environments rich in travel choices
• Time transportation improvements including expansion of transit service to development
• Provide comprehensive travel information and encouragement
• Expand development-specific TDM requirements
• Increase focus on parking management (supply and pricing)
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View of Rosslyn-Ballston Metro Corridor
M
M
M
M
M
Lower Density ZoningLower Density Zoning
Potomac River
The Capitol
Ballston
Virginia Square
Clarendon
Courthouse
Rosslyn
Corridor Development
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Columbia Pike 2010 2040Population 36,000 71,900Housing Units 16,400 30,400Employment 9,600 11,500
Pentagon City &Crystal City
2010 2040Population 17,400 25,900Housing Units 13,100 20,000Employment 54,700 90,100
Corridor Development
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2010 2040Population 39,400 81,500Housing Units 22,600 42,700Employment 62,900 100,100
Quarter Mile from all Proposed Streetcar
Stations
Creating Environments Rich in Travel Choices
• Site Plan Development• County Infrastructure Investments• Expanded Transit Service• Support for Emerging Travel Options
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Location
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Rosslyn Station Access Improvements
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LocationExisting
Planned View from Highland St. View of Escalators
Clarendon Metro Plaza Improvements
LocationBefore
After
Columbia Pike “Multimodal” Improvements
Location of Planned Alignment
Example of Streetcar Elsewhere
Rendering of Proposed 12th Street Station
Rte. 1/Crystal City Streetcar Conversion
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Providing Comprehensive Travel Information and Encouragement
• Sales – Arlington Transportation Partners
• Retail Commuter Information and Support – three commuter stores, one mobile store
• Operations & Logistics
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• Marketing
• BikeArlington,
• WalkArlington,
• Carsharing,
• Bikesharing
• Transportation research• (Mobility Lab)
Providing Comprehensive Travel Information and Encouragement
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Requiring Development-Specific Transportation Demand Management
• Participation in County-wide Commuter Services programs
• Transit subsidies• On-site improvements
including sidewalk/streetscape and bicycle facilities
• On-site travel information• Parking management• Transportation
performance surveys
EPA – Potomac Yard (completed 2006)ATP participantEmployee transit subsidiesDedicated transitway and stationSidewalk and bicycle improvementsMarket-rate parking chargesOn-site transportation coordinator
TDM - Site Plan Development
• TDM Structure
– Work directly with Developers to mitigate transportation impacts
– Agree to a plan
– Actively monitor
– Document performance at year 2, 5 and every 5 years for the life of the project
• Objectives
– Reduce SOV trips
– Incorporate infrastructure features (showers, bike lockers, van accessible garages and carpool spaces)
– Promote participation in transit, carpooling, vanpooling and offer transit subsidies
– Provide information on transportation choices
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TDM - Site Plan Development
Standard Site Plan Conditions• Transportation Demand Management (TDM)
Contribution ($0.06 per sq ft) to Arlington County Commuter Services (on-going)
Bicycle parking/storage facilitiesSmarTrip cards for building employees ($65, one time)Performance monitoring studies
• Transportation InfrastructurePedestrian and bicycle infrastructureBus stops and sheltersContribution to traffic signals
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TDM - Site Plan Development
• Current Status– 120 active site
plans
– 60% of sites visited by staff
– 12% of sites were missing TDM plans
– 27% had new property managers
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Managing Parking
• Management of the on-street supply– Residential permit
parking– On-street metered
parking
• Influence off-street private parking– Parking information– Shared/public
parking – Pricing– Amount provided
The Development & Implementation of a
County Parking Management Plan
Master Transportation Plan
Plenary Group
September 19, 2005
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Base
$7,250
$12,500
$40,000
Base
$7,250
$12,500
$40,000
Parking > 1:1,000
1:1,001 – 1:1,250
1:1,251 – 1:1,900
Parking < 1:1,901
Reduced Parking Policy for Site Plan Office Buildings
Base
$7,250
$12,500
$40,000
Parking > 1:975
1:976 – 1:1,100
1:1,101 – 1: 1,800
Parking < 1:1,801
Parking > 1:630
1:631 – 1:780
1:781 – 1:1,200
Parking < 1:1,201
Less Parking
Greater Mitigation
Total contribution amount calculated on an annual cost over 30 years.
Selected Community Performance Indicators
• Economic & Social
• Transportation
31
Unemployment
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
Arlington Virginia US
Note: Arlington through November 2012Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Private Office Market Comparisons
Submarket
Office Inventory
SFVacancy
RateAverage
Asking Rate
Downtown Philadelphia 44,202,474 14.7% $26.10
Chicago Central Loop 41,099,407 13.1% $31.54
Washington CBD 38,710,591 11.5% $48.52
Boston CBD 37,473,147 12.7% $43.79
Arlington County 36,735,543 16.1% $41.13
Houston CBD 36,514,081 13.7% $33.09
Los Angeles Downtown 31,125,339 18.0% $34.32
Dallas CBD 29,799,042 28.1% $18.93
Denver Downtown 25,608,414 14.1% $25.45
Minneapolis CBD 23,348,562 17.4% $12.46
Seattle CBD 20,267,129 14.4% $31.891
Atlanta Downtown 18,377,678 24.6% $18.09
1Class A onlySource: CB Richard Ellis; Colliers International; 4th Quarter 2012
Apartment Market Comparisons
SubmarketExisting
UnitsVacancy
Rate
Average Effective
Rate
District of Columbia 130,330 5.0% $1,674
Prince George’s County 96,744 4.7% $1,258
Montgomery County 87,653 3.8% $1,595
Fairfax County 83,058 4.6% $1,622
Arlington County 52,567 3.8% $1,949
Alexandria City 38,270 4.6% $1,534
Prince William County 19,861 6.3% $1,303
Loudoun County 12,825 4.9% $1,483
Falls Church City 1,872 3.9% $1,767
Fairfax City 1,555 3.4% $1,613
Washington Metro 551,131 4.5% $1,541
Source: CoStar 10/21/13
Regional Apartment Availability
SubmarketExisting Units
Vacant Units
Vacancy Rate
Avg. Askin
g Rate
Avg. Effecti
ve Rate
RB Corridor 14,074 429 3.8% $2,295 $2,235
Washington East End 12,555 253 2.8% $2,238 $2,201
Bethesda/Chevy Chase
11,458 281 3.8% $2,143 $2,110
Crystal City/Pentagon City
9,739 443 5.0% $2,236 $2,185
Tysons Corner 7,750 402 7.2% $1,898 $1,867
Reston 6,692 199 5.3% $1,599 $1,541
Capitol Hill 4,188 157 5.8% $1,825 $1,800
Washington CBD 4,051 97 3.6% $2,134 $2,076
U Street/Cardozo 2,989 187 9.1% $2,020 $1,986
NoMa 2,909 415 18.8% $2,437 $2,412
Capitol Riverfront 2,643 358 19.3% $2,344 $2,244
Source: CoStar 10/21/13
Development Pipeline Summary
StageNo. of
Projects Office SF Retail SFOther
SFHousing
UnitsHotel
Rooms
Under Construction 15 748,108 168,308 0 2,836 0
Near-term Construction Starts 10 1,956,703 110,108 12,985 1,570 316
Awaiting Market or Phasing 16 3,995,598 186,745 389,072 1,727 300
Zoning Review 13 3,129,810 156,224 110,000 3,170 816
Total Pipeline 54 9,830,219 621,295 512,057 9,386 1,432
Source: Arlington Economic Development
Real Estate Tax Base
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201335%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
49%
52%53%
56%
59%60%
58%
55%54%
57%
54%
51% 51%
51%
48%47%
44%
41%40%
42%
45%46%
43%
46%
49% 49%
Residential Commercial/Apartment
Source: Arlington County Department of Management and Finance
Real Estate Tax BaseNorthern Virginia
Source: Arlington Economic Development
Alexandria City
Arlington County
Fairfax City
Fairfax County
Falls Church City
Loudoun County
Prince William County
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Commercial/Apartments Residential
Taxes from Business
TaxRevenue
($Mil)% of
Total Taxes
Real Estate $286.0 32.8%
Gross Receipts 61.5 7.0
Personal Property 34.3 3.9
Sales Tax 38.5 4.4
Meals Tax 32.8 3.8
Transient Occupancy 21.8 2.5
Commercial Utility 12.9 1.5
Other 17.2 2.0
Subtotal $505.2 57.9%
Source: Arlington County Department of Management and Finance
2012 Arlington Business Leaders Survey
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2012 Arlington Business Leaders Survey
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2012 Arlington Business Leaders Survey
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9 in 10 Residents Give Arlington County High Ratings for Overall Quality of Life
92%
1%
1%
5%
33%
59%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1 - Poor
2
3
4
5 - Excellent
Q10 Overall, how would you rate the quality of life in Arlington County?
Long + Mini Survey
n = 4,325
2009 Arlington Residents Survey
43Source: LDA Consulting / SIR
Three-Quarters of Residents are Satisfied with Arlington’s Transportation System
2%
4%
19%
41%
34%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1 - Not at all satisfied
2
3
4
5 - Very satisfied
Q11 How satisfied are you with the transportation system in Arlington County?
75%
Long + MiniSurvey
n = 4,204
Source: LDA Consulting / SIR
2009 Arlington Residents Survey – cont’d
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Daily Household Travel in the Greater Metropolitan Washington Region
45
Auto Driver
Auto Passenger Transit
Walk/ Bike
School Bus/Other
CoreDistrict of Columbia 7.0 37.0 14.4 18.3 27.5 2.5 2.6 12.8 13.60%Arlington 7.8 52.9 16.5 10.7 16.6 3.3 4.1 21.6 5.26% - Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor 6.0 45.0 13.4 19.0 19.7 2.9 2.7 17.4 - Jefferson Davis Corridor 5.6 35.2 11.2 20.6 29.2 3.8 2.0 10.9 - Columbia Pike 6.5 58.2 16.0 11.3 12.1 2.4 3.9 21.2 - Shirlington 6.2 64.5 8.2 12.3 13.9 1.1 4.0 19.3 - Arlington outside activity centers 9.6 56.0 18.5 6.8 15.1 3.6 5.4 26.1Alexandria 7.1 56.1 16.9 9.2 15.9 1.9 4.0 22.1 3.60%
Inner SuburbsFairfax County 9.1 61.1 25.0 4.0 5.4 4.4 5.6 35.2 19.27%Montgomery County 9.4 57.4 23.0 5.7 9.4 4.5 5.4 33.3 18.89%Prince Georges County 8.3 58.1 25.2 6.5 5.8 4.5 4.8 36.3 16.80%
Outer SuburbsLoudoun County 8.8 63.3 26.4 1.3 3.9 5.2 5.6 50.1 5.42%Prince William County 9.9 59.7 28.9 2.2 4.1 5.1 5.9 51.0 8.13%Frederick County 9.8 64.7 25.0 1.3 4.8 4.2 6.3 57.4 2.67%Charles County 9.4 64.5 24.9 1.8 2.5 6.2 6.1 65.6 4.50%
Regional Average VMT per HH 34.19Arlington Ave HH VMT/Region Ave HH VMT 63.18%Arlington Metro Corridors HH VMT/Regional Average HH VMT 45.70%
updated - June 1, 2011Uses expanded Arlington dataset with new regional weighting factorsResults updated only for Arlington
% of of Daily Household Trips by Mode of TravelJurisdiction in the Greater Metropolitan Washington Region
Average Weekday Trips per
Household
Average Weekday
Auto Driver Trips*
Average Weekday
Auto Driver VMT
% of Regional
HH
Office Building Study
Overall Study Purposes• Learn about travel and parking behaviors and preferences of office
employees in commercial buildings.• Provide staff and decision-makers with useful local data about
influences on travel and parking behaviors.• Support a better understanding among the wider public about
transportation influences and outcomes, and their relationship to Countywide objectives and national standards.
Priority interest • Building and neighborhood area travel profiles• Influences on mode split• Role of parking in trip generation and mode choice• Role of transportation options in economic competitiveness
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Office Worker Travel Patterns by Station Area
47
Resident Site Plan Building Study
• 16 buildings
• Voluntary online or paper survey
• 1,456 completes (overall response rate of 25% of adult residents)
• Full week of 24-hour garage data
Vehicle Trip Generation Actual vs. Standard
< 0.2 miles from Metrorail
> 0.2 miles from Metrorail;
in Metro Corridor
Outside Metro Corridor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Weekday AM Weekday PM Saturday Sunday
Share
of
ITE S
tandard
(P
erc
ent)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Weekday Saturday Sunday
Share
of
ITE S
tandard
(P
erc
ent)
DailyPeak Hour
Source: 2013 Arlington County Residential Aggregate Study
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Street Segment
Street Type
1996 2001 2006 2009 2011/2012 % Change 1996-2012
Lee Hwy - Rosslyn
EW 6-lane arterial
37,770 33,632 32,428 34,000 31,951 -15.4%
Wash. Blvd – VA Sq.
EW 4-lane arterial
20,469 19,478 18,069 NA** 17,500 -14.5%
Clarendon Blvd.
EW 2-lane 1-way arterial
13,980 14,199 14,539 13,080 13,292 -5.0%
Wilson Blvd. - Clarendon
EW 2-lane 1-way arterial
16,368 16,265 13,797 12,194 12,603 -23.0%
Arlington Blvd.
EW 6-lane arterial
55,865 63,272 60,223 62,000 65,259 16.8%
Glebe Road - Ballston
NS 6-lane arterial
35,230 39,409 35,900 33,000 31,000 -12.0%
G. Mason Drive
NS 4-lane arterial
20,002 22,578 23,386 22,824 20,518 2.3%
• No dicernable pattern of growth on the local road system over the 15 year period** Location has no available data for 2009
Traffic Trends - Arterial Streets
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Street Segment
Street Type
1996 2001 2006 2009 2011/2012 % Change 1996-2012
Columbia Pike w/o Glebe
EW 5-lane arterial
32,000 22,612 28,000 28,000 NA -12.5%
Columbia Pike e/o Wash. Blvd.
EW 4-lane arterial
NA 13,000 12,000 12,000 10,000 -23.0%
Glebe Rd. s/o Columbia Pike
NS 4-lane arterial
29,000 32,000 28,000 26,000 27,000 -6.0%
Hayes Street n/o 15th St.
NS 6-lane arterial
21,426 14,200 13,900 NA 13,540 -36.8%
S. Eads Street n/o 18th St.
NS 4-lane arterial
NA 9,140 8,270 NA 9,230 .98%
Jeff Davis Hwy n/o Glebe Rd
NS 6-lane arterial
52,000 NA 44,000 43,000 44,000 -15.4%
Arlington Ridge Rd s/o 23rd Street
NS 2-lane arterial
14,584 12,570 13,250 NA 13,680 - 2.3%
• No dicernable pattern of growth on the local road system over the 15 year period
Traffic Trends - Arterial Streets
52
Transit Ridership Trends – Arlington-Related Trips
FY1996 Actual
FY 2001 Actual
FY 2006 Actual
FY 2009Actual
FY2012 Actual
FY2013Estimate % Growth
Metrorail Arlington Stations 45,335,000 56,278,412 60,864,000 61,935,000 61,014,000 61,929,275 36.6%
Metrobus Arlington Routes 12,049,000 11,614,599 13,221,100 16,135,000 15,056,000 15,206,378 26.2%
VRE – Crystal City 567,000 586,069 992,600 998,903 1,142,000 1,154,800 103.7%
Arlington Transit (ART)
105,000 147,813 926,600 1,428,800 2,537,000 2,660,000 2,571%
Total Annual Ridership 58,076,000 68,626,893 76,004,300 81,916,996 79,749,000 80,990,453 39.6%
• 2+% average annual growth across all transit services over the 17 year period• 40% of Virginia’s total annual transit ridership is from Arlington related trips
Growth in ART Local Transit Ridership
53
FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 130
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
674,806
926,5741,060,441
1,225,427
1,428,827
1,990,402
2,261,100
2,537,000
2,660,000
Fiscal Year
An
nu
al
Rid
ers
hip
Bicycle Usage on Trails – 2010 -2012
54
12% increase in selected trail use between 2011 and 2012
Custis Bon Air Custis Rosslyn W&OD East Falls Church
W&OD Bon Air0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
2011
2012
Bikeshare Usage
55
Lessons Learned – Effectiveness Coordinated Development & Transportation Strategies
• Arlington’s strategies have yielded substantial economic, transportation, and environmental
benefits - allowing continued growth with less reliance on auto trips, and more use of transit
and other travel options.
• It isn’t just one policy but many that contribute to enhanced performance such as:– Building mixed use environments with highest densities around transit stops
– Expanding viable and attractive transportation options
– Making user information readily available and providing ongoing education and encouragement
– Sustaining and strengthening transportation demand management (TDM)
– Actively managing parking
• Sustaining community performance requires ongoing investments in infrastructure.
• It’s not a short term commitment - to achieve the full benefits, it requires sustaining and
enhancing programs and policies over time
• It also requires ongoing community and institutional exposure to/and assimilation of best
practices from other communities in the US and abroad
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Areas for Further Investigation
• Improve trip generation guidance for urban transit-oriented mixed use developments and neighborhoods
• Incorporate actual site and neighborhood level performance into regional transportation models and project selection processes (better data, better models, improved decision-making)
• Fully account for the supply and cost of parking in transportation and community development
• Identify and document structural changes in the environment that would alter the assumptions about community development and transportation system use
57
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Contact Information:
Dennis M. Leach, AICPDirector of TransportationArlington County Department of Environmental Services Division of Transportation & [email protected]