Pervasive Computing
Dr Andy HuntElectronics Dept, University of York
What’s in this room ?
� Anything electronic
� which processes information
� Typically we find . . .� Mobile Phones
� PDAs
� Clever Watches
� Laptop computers
� Games consoles
� Mp3 players
� Any other info processing devices?
What else is here?
� Passive information storage
� Bank cards with chip-&-pin
� Products with RFID tag
� Anyone got a device inside?� Anyone got a device inside?
� Pacemaker
� Diabetic insulin release.
Hitachi’s 0.4mm2 RFID tag
Assignment: Topics
� Group 1: Wearable computing:
current technology and future trends
� Group 2: Technology convergence:
the future of the mobile phone / PDA / TV etc.
� Group 3: User interfaces of the future
� Group 4: Wireless connectivity: technical issues in an increasingly wireless world
� Group 5: Future integration of the Internet
and Pervasive Computing applications
Pervasive Computing
History and Key Topics
Dr Andy HuntElectronics Dept, University of York
Session overview
� History of Computing Development
� Earliest computing technology
� Main phases of development
� Where we are now� Where we are now
� Principles of Pervasive Computing
� Main features of devices & networks
� Topics covered by books & journals.
Energy processing
� Humans used own energy� Helped by animals
� and devices
� Industrial revolution� Industrial revolution� Energy was harnessed
� or generated (e.g. steam engines)
� Expanding human physical power
� In specific locations.
Energy processing (2)
� Energy decentralised� Power stations
� National Grid – distributed power
� Individual engines – mobility
� Energy made pervasive� Energy made pervasive� Application-driven devices
� Battery power
� Miniaturisation.
Information processing
� Humans used own brainpower� Helped by paper
� and devices
� Computer revolution� Computer revolution� Information was harnessed
� Expanding human mental power
� In specific location
� 1940s: IBM president
1946: ENIAC: Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer
I think there is a
world market for
about five
computers.
Thomas J WatsonMAINFRAME
ERA
Information Processing (2)
� Computing Decentralised
� Bill Gates (early 1970s)
� PCs
Laptops
IBM 360 mid 1960s
PERSONAL
COMPUTING
ERA
� Laptops PDP-11: early 1970s
IBM PC (DOS) 1981
Sub-notebooks mid-2000s IBM PC Convertible 1986One Laptop per Child: 2007
Wireless
Self-powered
Multimedia
Rugged
< £70
A computer on
every desktop and
in every home
ERA
Information Processing (3)
� Devices which do not looklike computers, but :� Process data
� Store information
Connect to:
PERVASIVE
COMPUTING� Connect to:
� Other devices
� and/or the Internet
� Pervasive Computing� Focus on the application
� Often portable, low-power, connected.
COMPUTING
ERA
Computing Eras
� Mainframe� Many people, one computer
� Fixed, central location
� PC� PC� One person, one computer
� Fixed location, decentralised
� Pervasive (Ubiquitous)
� One person, many computers
� Mobile
Principles of Pervasive Computing
� 1990s: Mark Weiser (Xerox PARC)
� First to talk about Ubiquitous Computing
� Weiser’s principles (source Wikipedia)
� The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else
The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant
Mark Weiser: 1952-99
� The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant
� The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are;-
the computer should extend your unconscious
� Technology should create calm.
� Please read “The Computer for the 21st Century” (1991)
http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html
� More information here: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/weiser/
Principles of Pervasive Computing (2)
� Decentralisation� Local or mobile devices
� Information is ‘networked’
� Diversification� Specialised tasks
• Laptop
• Mobile phone
• Games console� Specialised tasks
� e.g. Internet access on
� Connectivity� Data exchanged between devices
� Wireless connection / internet
� Simplicity� Seamless interfaces, intuitive, calm.
• Games console
• Palm PDA
What should I be reading / viewing?
� Google! – search also for “Ubiquitous Computing”
� YouTube � Lots of info posted from 2006
� Everyware- The dawning age of ubiquitous computing� Everyware- The dawning age of ubiquitous computing
� http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMXox8IJvmE
� 8-part talk by Adam Greenfield
� Covers history, principles, devices, discussion of future
� Course Books (library)
http://www.computer.org/portal/site/pervasive/
Summary
� Pervasive Computing� History
� Topics
� Principles
Assignment� Assignment� Meet in your groups
� Start discussing your topic & management
� Next Time
� Human-Computer Interaction.