Welcome to:
Introducing TV White Spaces
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Sponsors
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Presenters
Coleman BazelonPrincipal, The Brattle Group
Peter StanforthCTO, Spectrum Bridge, Inc.
Neeraj Srivastava
VP Marketing & Business Development, Spectrum Bridge Inc.
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TV White Spaces OverviewPeter Stanforth
CTO, Spectrum Bridge, Inc.
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What is TV White Space?
As a result of the Digital Transition (from Analog TV) additional spectrum became available for broadband applications.
Traditional TV channels were from 2-69. Over time these channels have been compressed and some have been sold to cellular carriers for 4G solutions.
The rules are quite complex and will be discussed in a subsequent webinar, but at 50,000 feet this spectrum will be available on an unlicensed basis to consumers for broadband applications similar to WiFi.
The attraction of TV White Space is that it is a much lower frequency than existing unlicensed spectrum.
The lower frequencies propagate better over distance and through walls.
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TV White Space is the Gaps
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This map shows the service areas for a single TV channel (Channel 9) in the northeast US. Everything else is “White Space”
The Macro Level View
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Rolling up all the “White Space” creates a nationwide footprint.
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Note: the actual amount of White Space is dependent on device type.
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What is New About TV White Space?
A new concept in spectrum allocation and access
Before today most spectrum was allocated on an exclusive basis but with TV White Spaces the FCC is creating a new model for spectrum availability:
-No nationwide contiguous footprint-Radios that use TV White Space will check availability with a database-A similar approach has been used for outdoor 5GHz deployments
(www.spectrumbridge.com/udia) -We expect similar spectrum sharing approaches to be used to free up additional bandwidth for wireless devices in other frequency bands
Today, the FCC leads the world in this innovative approach but the rest of the world is likely to adopt similar rules making TV White Space devices available worldwide.
The above sponsor logos are trademarks of The Brattle Group and Spectrum Bridge, Inc., respectively. © 2010. All rights reserved.
Who Can Use TV White Space, and for What?
The short answer: Anyone
TV White Space has been designated as “unlicensed” spectrum so certified devices can be purchased and used by anyone without a need for special permits or licenses
The FCC did not specify what TV White Space should be used for but the rules are most favorable to broadband data applications both indoor (around the home and office) as well as outdoor (community) solutions
The FCC allows for extension of existing technologies like 802.11 (WiFi) and 802.16 (WiMax™) as well as new and innovative technologies and solutions, as long as they follow the rule and validate the spectrum they can use with a database.
Note that the FCC has also allowed for people to propose solutions based on sensing technologies but these require more rigorous testing for certification.
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Some High Power Examples
The FCC cited several successful trials in their ruling justifying the use of TV White Spaces
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“Smart Grid” Plumas CABroadband Network
Claudville, VA
“Smart City”
Wilmington, NC
“Telemedicine”
Logan OH
Low Power Examples
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“TV White Space is WiFi on Steroids” ─ Larry Page
Why TV White Spaces?
In indoor applications the improvement in propagation through walls with the additional spectrum that has been made available should produce a 3X improvement over existing 2.4GHz WiFisolutions.
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Improvements of 3X to 5X over existing options
For outdoor deployments VHF and UHF spectrum will provide up to 5 times the coverage of solutions deployed at 2.4GHz.
The Economic Value of TV White SpacesColeman BazelonPrincipal, The Brattle Group
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Overview
I. Existing Allocations of Unlicensed SpectrumII. Availability of White Space Spectrum III. Market Value of White Space SpectrumIV. Map of E-block Prices ($/MHz-Pop)V. Using Radio SpectrumVI. The Good News for White SpaceVII. The Bad News for White SpaceVIII. The Other Good News for White Space: Rural vs Urban
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Existing Allocations of Unlicensed Spectrum
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TABLE 2. BASE OF UNLICENSED RADIO SPECTRUM
Band Name Allocation Location Bandwidth
900 MHz Pre 1990 900 - 928MHz 28 MHz
1920 - 1930MHz 10 MHz
2390 - 2400MHz 10MHz
2.4 GHz Pre 1990 2400 - 2483.5MHz 83.5MHz
3650 MHz 2005 3650 - 3700MHz 50 MHz
1997 5.15 - 5.35GHz 200MHz
2003 5.47 - 5.725GHz 225MHz
Pre 1990 5.725 - 5.850GHz 125MHz
Millimeter Wave 1995 57 - 64GHz 7 GHz
-- 2001 24.0 - 24.25GHz 250MHz
-- 2003 92 - 95GHz 3GHz
U-NII
1993Unlicensed PCS
Percentage of MHz-Pop Covered by White Space
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Average White Space MHz
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Market Value of White Space
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White Space Valuation Based on
Auction 73 E-Block Value
Band Value
[1]
Auction 73 E-Block PWB [A] $ $1,266,892,000
Average Auction 73 E-Block Price [B] $/MHz-Pop $0.739
White Space Valuation [C] $ $13,707,857,307
Average White Space Price [D] $/MHz-Pop $0.547
Source and Notes:
[A] [1], [B] [1]: Auction 73 results from www.fcc.gov
[C] [1]: The sum of white space across EA s based on E-block market values.
[D] [1]: Average white space value.
Map of E-block Prices ($/MHz-Pop)
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Using Radio Spectrum
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In producing spectrum based services, providers mix spectrum with capital and labor.
It is optimal to add spectrum to the mix up to the point where the extra revenue (or cost savings) just equals the price of the spectrum.
For example, a cellular network can increase capacity by a given amount by either adding radio spectrum or by dividing cells (i.e., by adding capital.)
The Good News for White Spaces
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Unlicensed white space spectrum is free!
This means you can use more of it:-up to the point where using more no longer adds to your revenue or reduces your costs.
Just make sure your business model is appropriate for the unlicensed environment:-no protection from interference
The Bad News for White Spaces
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Unlicensed white space spectrum is free!
This means others can use more of it:-up to the point where using more no longer adds to theirrevenue or reduces their costs.
Just make sure your business model is appropriate for the unlicensed environment:-no protection from interference,-they do not consider the costs they impose on you!
A Proliferation of Unlicensed Devices
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Figure 1
Annual Unlicensed Equipment Authorizations
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.725-5.85 GHz Band 5.15-5.35 GHz Band 5.47-5.725 GHz Band
Sources and notes:
Results from: https://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/oetcf/eas/reports/GenericSearch.cfm
Search Parameters: Application Purpose: Original Grant; Frequency Range: 1 MHz inside both the upper and lower bound
Rule Part: 15
The Other Good News for White Space: Rural vs. Urban
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Breakout of White Space by MSA and RSA
Population Covered Coverage White Space White Space Average
Population Percentage MHz-Pops Percentage White Space
MHz
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
MSA [A] 217,396,914 8,374,419,633 79% 13,668,174,918 21% 63
RSA [B] 65,301,699 1,587,220,383 50% 9,675,377,208 50% 148
Total [C] 282,698,613 9,961,640,016 72% 23,343,552,126 28% 83
Source and Notes:
[1]: www.fcc.gov, population aggregated based on CMA allocation and MSA vs RSA classification.
[2] - [6]: TBG calculation.
Expected Timeline for TV White SpacesNeeraj Srivastava
VP Marketing & Business Development, Spectrum Bridge Inc.
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Next Steps in TV White Spaces
• Database Administrator Selection• Who’s involved?• FCC OET Timeline
• FCC Certification procedure• Radios + Database
• Solution Availability• Existing technologies vs. new
• New Industry Standards• ECMA International • IEEE
• International Plans
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Database Administrators
• Nine companies applied to FCC to be Database Administrator’s (in alphabetical order)
• Comsearch• Frequency Finder• Google• KB Enterprises & LS Telecom• Key Bridge• Neustar• Spectrum Bridge• Telecordia• WSdb
• FCC Order from Sept. 23rd gives Office of Engineering & Test (OET) the authority to select database administrators
• FCC has indicated that multiple vendors will be selected
• OET expected to make administrator selections in Q4 (2010)
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FCC Certification Procedure
• FCC will require certification of radio + database
• Certification will be done by the FCC Laboratory
• Certification process will be up to 45 days
• Actual cert. tests are still being defined
• Our best estimate is Q1 for the first certified equipment
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Solution Availability
• Radio solutions will fall into 2 categories and 2 types• Solution categories
• High-power, fixed (4W EIRP)• point to point, long range > 1km solutions
• Low-power, mobile (100mW or 40mW EIRP)• Integrated into mobile devices (laptop computers, tablets, cell phones, etc.)
• Solution types• Existing technologies (WiMax™, LTE, proprietary solutions)• New technologies and/or standards
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New Industry Standards
• ECMA-392 standard• Developed by CogNeA group and submitted to ECMA International• Focused on whole-home high definition audio/video distribution and internet access
• IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN)• Focused on TV White Space bands (VHF/UHF)• Large cell size (10km-100km)
• IEEE 802.11af Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)• Extend Wi-Fi (802.11) to TV White Space bands• Focused on low-power portable devices
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International TV White Spaces
• TV White Spaces is already generating significant global interest and the FCC decision will only accelerate it• Countries with active programs
• United Kingdom - TVWS approved; finalizing database issues• European Union – CEPT SE43 study group report released• Canada - Already looking at TVWS, FCC co-operation• Singapore - looking to conduct trials• South Korea - looking to conduct trials
• Countries that have expressed interest, but haven’t yet started an active effort
• China• Japan
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Q & A
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Thank you
Online: www.brattle.comEmail: [email protected]: +1.202.955.5050, Washington, D.C.
Online: www.spectrumbridge.comEmail: [email protected]: US toll free: +1.800.598.7426 or +1.407.792.1570, Lake Mary, FL
The above sponsor logos are trademarks of The Brattle Group and Spectrum Bridge, Inc., respectively. © 2010. All rights reserved.
Online: www.spectrumbridge.comEmail: [email protected]: US toll free: +1.800.598.7426 or +1.407.792.1570, Lake Mary, FL
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