nomris Tema:
interkulturuli dialogi
istoriis swavlebaSi
#1 2011
i stori i s m a s w a vle b elTai stori i s m a s w a vle b elTa
s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s
Jur n ali
i s t o r i k o s ii s t o r i k o s i
mis: Tbilisi, faliaSvilis 38. pirveli sarTuli.
telefoni/faqsi +995 32 913 910
www.imsa.geeleqtronuli fosta: [email protected]
mTavari redaqtori
oliver raisneri
saredaqcio sabWo
giorgi abramiSvili
elene bodaveli
nino kiRuraZe
giorgi kldiaSvili
naira mamukelaSvili
elene meZmariaSvili
manana SeyilaZe
cira CikvaiZe
nana cixisTavi
ucxoeli avtorebis statiebi
inglisuridan Targmna Tamar lagvilavam
Jurnalis winamdebare nomeri dafinansebulia
evroklio/matra-saqarTvelos proeqtis mier
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mogesalmebiT Zvirfaso mkiTxvelebo
Tqven xelT gaqvT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociaciis axali Jurnali „istorikosi“. Cven vimedovnebT,
rom axlo momavalSi am Jurnalis garSemo gaerTiandeba ara
marto yvela profesionali istorikosi – istoriis pedagogi,
mkvlevari, arqivebis, muzeumebisa da biblioTekebis TanamSrome-
li, aramed farTo sazogadoeba, romelic istoriiTaa dainte-
resebuli.
TqvenTan erTad vecdebiT, rom Jurnali „istorikosi“ gax-
des:
• Tqveni mimomxilvelimimomxilveli istoriis swavlisa da swavlebis,
qarTuli da saerTaSoriso istoriografiis ganviTarebisa
da kvlevis sferoSi;
• Tqveni forumiforumi istoriis swavlebaSi siaxleebis, miRwevebi-
sa da Tanamedrove xedvebis gaziarebisa da SefasebisaTvis;
• Tqveni xidixidi saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis CarTvisa-
Tvis saerTaSoriso aqtivobebSi;
• Tqveni TanamgzavriTanamgzavri istoriis pedagogTa momzadebis donis
amaRlebaSi, gamocdilebisa da aprobirebuli praqtikis ga-
ziarebaSi.
Cveni Jurnalis es oTxi mTavari amocana miznad isaxavs
saqarTveloSi istoriuli mecnierebis ganviTarebas, istoriis
swavlebis gaumjobesebasa da profesionalizmis amaRlebas.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom istorikosebi pasuxismgebelni arian is-
oliver raisneri
istoriis doqtori
mTavari redaqtorisagan
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toriis ganviTarebaze. awmyoSi warsulze zrunva Zalian didi
zneobrivi valdebulebaa. Cven vTvliT, rom ar arsebobs arc
marTali, arc yalbi istoria, magram arsebobs gansxvavebuli
politikuri, kulturuli, religiuri an sxva Tvalsazrisis
mixedviT SemuSavebuli warsulis interpretacia. istoria iq-
mneba mxolod profesiuli wesebis mixedviT warmarTuli di-
alogiT an SeTanxmebiT. amitom axlo momavalSi Cven vgegmavT
belgieli istorikosis alan de baetsis (Alan de Baets) mier SemuSavebuli „istorikosebis eTikis kodeqsis“, rogorc Cve-
ni profesionalizmis zneobrivi safuZvlis, ganxilvasa da Se-
fasebas. es diskusia, kodeqsTan erTad, Jurnalis Semdeg nomer-
Si daibeWdeba.
Jurnalis am nomers ki Cven ufro konkretuli TematikiT
daviwyebT. radgan „istorikosis“ pirveli nomeri „evroklio-
sa“ da asociaciis erToblivi proeqtis ,,tolerantobis mSe-
nebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ fargleb-
Si gamodis, mis wamyvan Temas interkulturuli dialogiinterkulturuli dialogi war-
moadgens. jer ioke van der leu-roordi gagacnobT inkluzi-
uri istoriis swavlebis uaxles evropul midgomebs; Semdeg
nino kiRuraZe gaarkvevs, Tu ramdenad pasuxobs qarTuli sa-
xelmZRvaneloebi saerTaSoriso standartebs; robert maieri
Seafasebs interkulturulobis germanul gamocdilebas isto-
riis swavlebaSi; miiRebT informacias proeqtis ,,toleranto-
bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ Se-
saxeb; aqve gaecnobiT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociaciis siaxleebs.
Zalian didi madloba elene bodavels da nana cixisTavs am
pirveli nomris momzadebisaTvis! rogorc redaqtori, vTvli,
rom pirveli nomeri mravalferovani da saintereso gamovida.
momavali nomrebisTvis velodebiT Tqvens monawileobas, azr-
sa da kritikas.
istorikosi N1 2011
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me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi didi cvli-
lebebisa da gardatexis xangrZlivi periodi daiwyo. axalma
viTarebam Tanadrouli moTxovnebi wauyena istoriis swavle-
bas, zogad saganmanaTleblo da umaRles saswavleblebSi. cvli-
lebebs daeqvemdebara rogorc meTodologia, aseve didaqtika.
adreul wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, istoriis originaluri
saxelmZRvaneloebi qarTul enaze didi iSviaToba iyo. gam-
onaklisia ramdenime gamocema saqarTvelos istoriaSi. rac
Seexeba msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebs, isini rusu-
lidan iTargmneboda da ra Tqma unda, marqsistul-leninur
msoflmxedvelobas efuZneboda.
1992 wels iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-
wifo universitetSi Catarda msoflio istoriis speciali-
stebis Sexvedra, sadac istoriis ganviTarebis civilizaciuri
(evoluciuri) xazi airCies da masve dauqvemdebares axali
qronologiuri CarCoebi. am Tavyrilobis erT-erTi inicia-
tori iyo prof. kote anTaZe _ evropisa da amerikis qveynebis
axali da uaxlesi istoriis kaTedris gamge. Sesabamisad, es
gaxda safuZveli axali Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnisa
istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociacia
asociacia da misi partniorebi
nana cixisTavi
kavkasiis saerTaSoriso
universitetis asocirebuli
profesori, statiebisa da
kvlevebis avtori evropisa
da amerikis qveynebis uaxles
da religiebis istoriaSi
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da maleve daiwera: Zveli msoflios istoria _ me-6 kl. (k.
TvaliaSvili, c. CikvaiZe), Sua saukuneebis istoria (k. anTaZe,
l. fircxalava), axali istoria – or nawilad (n. mamukelaS-
vili), uaxlesi istoria _ pirveli nawili (g. bo loTaSvili),
uaxlesi istoria – meore nawili (n. kiRuraZe, e. meZmari-
aSvili), civilizaciis istoria (g. boloTaSvili), istoriis
mecnierebis Sesavali (m. kalandaZe, n. mamukelaSvili, l. fir-
cxalava). zemoTxsenebul kaTedras da avtorebs mWidro urT-
ierToba hqondaT ganaTlebis saministrosTan, maswavlebelTa
daxelovnebis institutTan, respublikis pedagogebTan, aseve
saerTaSoriso institutebTan da organizaciebTan. aRsaniSna-
via, rom saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi wlebis manZilze imaR-
lebdnen kvalifikacias, georg ekertis saxelobis braunSvaigis
saxelmZRvaneloTa institutSi (germania); aseve, saqmiani urT-
ierToba hqondaT evrosabWosa da evrokliosTan. periodulad
am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi saqarTveloSi Camodiodnen
da atarebdnen Sexvedrebs istoriis saswavlo kursebis nara-
tivisa da meTodebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. msjelobdnen im
problematur sakiTxebze, gansakuTrebiT sabWoTa periodis is-
toriidan, romelic ,, TeTr laqebad“ iyo cnobili qarTul is-
toriografiaSi. swored yovelive aman da istoriis maswavle-
blebTan mudmivi kontaqtis survilma ganapiroba is, rom 1997
wlis ivnisSi dafuZnda istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociacia (prezidenti _ prof. naira mamukelaSvili, vice-
prezidenti, prof. cira CikvaiZe). asociacia Tavidan aerTianeb-
da Tbilisis 50-mde istoriis pedagogsa da universitetebis
profesorebs. yovelwliurad asociaciis mesveurebi xvdebod-
nen pedagogebs da atarebdnen treningebs saxelmZRvaneloebis
ganviTarebis mizniT, ganixilavdnen siaxleebs istoriis swav-
lebaSi, msjelobdnen axal meTodebsa da midgomebze.
1998 wels istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asocia-
cia evroklios sruluflebiani wevri gaxda. mas aqeT, yovel-
wliurad asociaciis wevrebs saSualeba eZleodaT monawil-
eoba mieRoT evroklios mier organizebul saerTaSoriso
istorikosi N1 2011
7
konferenciebsa da seminarebSi. es iyo im droisaTvis evropuli
siaxleebis gacnobis saukeTeso saSualeba. istoriis maswav-
lebelTa saqarTvelos asociacia arasamTavrobo profesiuli
organizaciaa, romlis ZiriTadi mizani istoriis swavlebis,
rogorc disciplinis, ganviTarebaze zrunva da istoriis peda-
gogebis profesiuli zrdis xelSewyobaa. me-20 saukunis 90-
iani wlebis Semdeg istoriis swavlebaSi bevri ram Seicvala,
magaliTad saxelmwifo standarti, midgomebi saxelmZRvanelo-
sa da swavlebis mimarT da sxva. miuxedevad imisa rom dRes-
dReobiT reforma ganuxrelad viTardeba, jer kidev ar arse-
bobs CvenSi istoriis swavlebis didaqtikis saxelmZRvanelo.
es garemoeba udaod arTulebs istoriis swavlebis Sedegiano-
bas, rogorc maswavleblis momzadebis TvalsazrisiT umaR-
les saswavleblebSi, ise istoriis pedagogTa kvalifikaciis
amaRlebis mimarTulebiT. marTalia, ganaTlebis saministros
istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis damfuZneblebi: (marcx-
nidan marjvniv) naira mamukelaSvili, nana cixisTavi, manana SeyilaZe, cira
CikvaiZe da elene meZmariaSvili
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mxardaWeriT gamodis Jurnali ,,maswavlebeli“, igi istoriis
swavlebis problemebs naklebad exmianeba. gamomdinare aqedan,
Cven momavalSi unda vizrunoT ,,didaqtikisa“ da ,,rekomen-
daciebis“ Seqmnaze istoriis swavlebaSi. aseve, axalgazrda
kadrebis Cabmaze Cvens asociaciaSi _ TaobaTa cvlis mizniT.
Cveni organizaciis evrokliosTan urTierTobis me-10 wels
moxerxda erToblivi proeqtis dawyeba, romelic 2008 wlis
ivnisidan amoqmedda da didi samsaxuri gauwia asociaciis
gafarToebasa da ganviTarebas. swored amis Sedegia is, rom
asociacias dReisaTvis saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi
filialebi gaaCnia. gaixsna da amoqmedda istoriis saswavlo
kabinetebi sajaro skolebsa Tu universitetebSi. rac mTa-
varia, asociaciis wevrebi aqtiurad monawileoben proeqtis
asociaciis gamgeobis sxdoma
istorikosi N1 2011
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mravalferovan RonisZiebebSi: eswrebian evropeli eqspertebis
seminarebs da ecnobian samodelo gakveTilebs rogorc aq, saqa-
rTveloSi, aseve evropis qveynebSi.
2010 wlis 5 ivliss Catarda asociaciis generaluri asam-
blea, sadac Sejamda wina wlebSi gaweuli muSaoba. asociaciis
wevrebis winaSe angariSiT gamovidnen regionuli organizaciis
xelmZRvanelebi. Catarda asociaciis axali prezidentis, vice-
prezidentis, sarevizio komisiisa da gamgeobis arCevnebi. gadax-
alisda wesdeba. ganisazRvra asociaciis samomavlo amocanebi.
prioritetad dasaxelda istoriis maswavlebelTa profesiu-
li zrdis xelSewyoba, meToduri literaturis momzadeba da
gamocema, skolisa da muzeumis urTierToba, regionuli orga-
nizaciebis CarTva adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso proeqtebSi,
moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa konkursebisa da konferenciebis
Catareba.
asociaciis generaluri asamblea, Tbilisi, 2010 wlis 5 ivlisi
10
evroklios istoria
Sesavali
,,evroklio“ – istoriis pedagogTa evropuli asociacia
_ daarsda 1993 wels rogorc saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo
organizacia, raTa daecva da gaeZlierebina istoriis swavleba,
romelic arsebiT sferos warmoadgens axalgazrda Taobis ga-
naTlebis saqmeSi. asociacia Tvlis, rom swored istoriaa
yvelaze mniSvnelovani saskolo sagani mozardis politikuri
da samoqalaqo aRzrdisaTvis. istoria yovelTvis warmoadgen-
da propagandisa da politikuri STagonebis gziT negatiuri
zemoqmedebis saSualebas. arc erTi saskolo sagani ar iwvevs
imxela emociur kamaTs sazogadoebaSi, politikasa da mediaSi,
rogorc istoria. uaxloes warsulSic mravlad arsebobda
politikuri miznebisaTvis istoriis borotad gamoyenebis
magaliTebi. evroklio gvamcnobs, rom istoriuli warsulis
fokusi ar Cerdeba mxolod erovnul sazRvrebze; istoriis
swavlebas umniSvnelovanesi gavlena aqvs imaze, Tu rogor
aRiqvams xalxi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklio mowodebulia,
Seamciros daZabuloba qveynebs Soris, qveynis SigniT arsebuli
jgufebis daaxlovebis gziT. saamisod igi iyenebs zogjer
mtkivneuli warsulis gamokvlevas usafrTxo garemoSi pro-
fesiulad da yuradRebiT warmarTuli procesis farglebSi.
imisaTvis, raTa miRweul iqnas es miznebi, saskolo istoria
ioke van der leu-roordi
evroklios damfuZnebeli,
misi pirveli prezidenti,
amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori
istorikosi N1 2011
11
saWiroebs pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse da yovelmxriv ganviTa-
rebul profesionalebs.
evropuli qveynebis umravlesobaSi, da ara mxolod iq, isto-
riis kurikulumebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi nacionaluri ori-
entaciisani arian. evroklios damatebiT Rirsebas warmoadgens
is, rom 1993 wlidan Tavs uyris istoriis, istoriuli
memkvidreobisa da moqalaqeobis aTasobiT ganmanaTlebels ev-
ropidan da sxva qveynebidan, raTa sazRvrebs gareSe moxdes
warsulis ganxilva da istoriis swavlebis CarTulobisa da
midgomebis gamocda. ideaTa da SexedulebaTa amgvari gacvla-
gamocvla arsebiTia evropisadmi pirovnuli kuTvnilebis Seg-
rZnebis gansaviTareblad. amas unda daeyrdnos 21-e saukunis
evropuli moqalaqeoba.
daarsebis dRidan moyolebuli, evrokliom organizeba gau-
wia evropaSi da mis farglebs gareT kompetenciebis zrdis-
admi mimarTul asobiT RonisZiebas. profesionalTa gundebma
SeimuSaves da danerges inovaciuri, gamoyenebisTvis mza saswav-
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lo masalebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi. ufro metic, evroklios
egidiT evropasa da mis farglebs gareT maswavlebelTa datre-
ningebisa da konsultaciebis saqmeSi aqtiuroben rigi eq-
s p ertebi. asociaciam gansakuTrebuli gamocdileba daagrova
politikurad arastabilur regionebSi istoriis swavlebis
kuTxiT.
evroklioSi yvela samuSao tardeba sagnisadmi sayovelTa-
od aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso orientirebiTa da midgomebiT.
am procesSi asociaciam win wamoswia inovaciuri transna-
cionaluri saswavlo resurebis da saSualebebis warmoeba.
mTavari aqcenti gadatanilia inglisur enaze, rogorc saer-
TaSoriso komunikaciis saSualebaze. Tumca, ugulebelyofili
ar aris sxva enebis mniSvneloba saerTaSoriso komunikaciis
CarCoebSi.
saerTaSoriso standartebis danergvisa da ganviTarebis
gziT, akademiuri Sedegebisa da istoriis saganSi politikis
gavlenis ganxilviT, evroklio wevr asociaciebsa da individ-
ualur wevrebs internacionalizmis kars uRebs. asociaciaTa
asociacia funqcionirebs, rogorc istoriis, istoriuli mem-
kvidreobisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis winsvlis centri.
asociaciis miznebis misaRwevad, evroklio da misi wevrebi
monawileobas iReben istoriis, istoriuli memkvidreobis, mo-
qalaqeobis Seswavlisa da swavlebis Sesaxeb gamarTul saer-
TaSoriso msjelobebSi sxvadasxva gziT: iqneba es saRamoebze
da Sexvedrebze daswreba, interviuebi, werilebi Tu statiebi
erovnul da saerTaSoriso mediaSi. evroklio cdilobs, gaaf-
arTovos poziciebi da gaxdes saerTaSoriso doneze cnobili
qseli da moTamaSe, istoriuli memkvidreobis da samoqalaqo
ganaTlebis saqmeSi, evropaSi da mis gareT.
evroklios wevri organizaciebis ricxvi 2010 wels Sead-
genda istoriis pedagogebis 79 damoukidebel asociacias da
aseve institutebs uamravi qveynidan. am qselis SigniT is ev-
ro paSi da mis gareT moicavs 40 000–ze met istoriis peda-
go gs.
istorikosi N1 2011
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misia
• evroklios survilia, evropaSi danergos pasuxismge-
blobaze dafuZnebuli da inovaciuri saistorio da samoqalaqo
ganaTleba; saamisod xeli unda Seewyos saerTo Rirebulebebs,
kritikul cnobierebas, ormxriv pativiscemas, mSvidobas, stabi-
lurobas, demokratias.
• mravalferovnebis, adamianTa uflebebis, kulturaTa-
Sorisi dialogis da dainteresebul mxareTa Soris Tanam-
Sromlobis xelSewyobiT, evroklio miznad isaxavs Tavidan
aicilos istoriul-memkvidreobiTi da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis
borotad gamoyeneba.
• evroklios mizania istoriisa da samoqalaqo gana-
Tlebis gaZliereba teqstualuri Semadgenlobis, meTodolo-
giisa da pedagogikis inovaciebiT, pedagogTa profesionalizmis
zrdiT.
• asociacia mxars uWers kuTvnilebis evropul grZnobas,
amasTanave, ar ugulebelyofs globalur, erovnul da region-
alur perspeqtivebs.
evroklios profesiuli samdivno internacionaluri da axalgazrdulia
14
• asociacia axdens jansaRi akademiuri istoriuli cod-
nis, saganmanaTleblo Teoriis da meTodologiuri msjelobebis
gadacemis stimulirebas iseT doneebamde, rogoricaa saskolo
da satreiningo institutebi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis ku-
ri kulumebi da saxemlZRvaneloebi. am miznebis misaRwevad ev-
roklio iyenebs codnisa da gamocdilebis gadacemas swori
swavl ebis, gamocdilebis gacvlis da eqspertTa sistemebis
meS ve obiT.
asociaciis saqmianoba efuZneba sam ZiriTad sferos:
• SesaZleblobebis zrda da codnis gacvla, gulisxmobs
treiningebs inovaciuri saganmanaTleblo masalebis ganviTa-
rebisa da danergvis procesSi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis
swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gamokvlevas.
• gamocdilebisa da informaciis qselis gafarToeba,
gazi areba da gavrceleba, gulisxmobs saerTaSoriso profe-
siuli da partnioruli qselis gaZlierebasa da gafarToebas,
qselis SenarCunebas da mxardaWeras, istoriis swavlisa da
swavlebis Sesaxeb bukletebisa Tu publikaciebis gamocema –
gavrcelebas.
• erTiani da sicocxlisunariani profesiuli samoqa-
laqo sazogadoebis mxardaWera – evropasa da mis gareT isto-
riis maswavlebelTa damoukidebeli asociaciebis stimulireba,
daf uZneba da gaZliereba.
organizaciis struqtura
evroklios mTavari ofisi haagaSi
mdebareobs, asociacia niderlandebis
iurisdiqciis qveS funqcionirebs. is
Sedgeba xuTi ganyofil ebisagan:
• yovelwliuri generaluri asamb-
lea
• saerTaSoriso sabWo
istorikosi N1 2011
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• saaudito komiteti
• sapatio sabWo
• profesiuli samdivno
yovelwliuri gene r a lu ri
asa mb lea pasuxis mgebe lia gada w-
yv e tilebebi s miRebaze, masSi ga-
e r Ti anebulia 66 sruluflebi-
ani wevri, ist o riis, istoriuli
mem kvi dreobisa da samoqalaqos
ganmanaTlebelTa da mo uki debeli
aso ci aciebi. amJami ndeli saerT-
aSo riso sabWo moicavs wev rebs
saberZneTidan, dani idan, germani-
idan, niderlande bidan, Tu r qe Tidan da ukrainidan. is xelmZR-
vanelobs asociacias da saaudito komisias, romelSic Sesulia
wevrebi ruseTidan, SvedeTidan da norvegiidan. mas exeba aso-
ciaciis finansuri marTva da politika. sapatio sabWo Sedgeba
sayovelTaod cnobili istorikosebisa da politikosebisagan
Semdegi qveynebidan: estoneTi, germania, saberZneTi, islandia,
latvia, niderlandebi, portugalia, slovenia da gaerTianebuli
samefo, romlebsac gaaCniaT gansakuTrebuli interesi isto-
riisa da saistorio ganaTlebis rolis mimarT sazogadoe-
baSi. evroklios samdivno saerTaSoriso Semadgenlobisaa da
asociacias ganagebs yoveldRiuri saqmianobiT. samdivno Sua-
maval rgols warmoadgens, daxmarebas uwevs wevr asociaciebs
saqmianobaSi da TanamSromlobs wevrebTan Tu partniorebTan
asociaciis proeqtebis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi.
dReisaTvis evropuli qveynebis umetesoba CarTulia sa-
ganmanaTleblo inovaciis procesebSi. ukanaskneli 15 wlis
ganmavlobaSi evrokliom aqtiuri roli iTamaSa saistorio
ganaTlebaSi reformebis danergvis mxriv trans – naciona-
lur doneze. imis nacvlad, rom axalgazrda Taobas daxmareba
gaewios garemomcveli samyaros gacnobierebis saqmeSi, dRemde
kvlav aqvs adgili istoriuli, samemkvidreo da samoqalaqo ga-
16
istorikosi N1 2011
2007 – bledi, slovakeTi
2009 – niqozia, kviprosi
2010 – naimexeni,
niderlandebi
2008 – bristoli, inglisi
17
2010 wlis proeqtebi
evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi
18
naTlebis borotad gamoyenebas erovnuli politikuri miznebis
misaRwevad. evroklios mizans warmoadgens istoriuli gana-
Tlebis jansaRi gamoyenebis gziT demokratiuli sazogadoe-
bebis mSenebloba Tu gaZliereba, qveynebis sazRvrebs miRma
gansxvavebuli eTnikuri Tu religiuri warmomavlobis profe-
sionalebis da studentebis dakavSireba.
analizis, interpretirebis, Sefasebisa da kritikuli az-
rovnebis unarebis ganviTareba fundamentaluri mniSvnelo-
bisaa rogorc istorikosebis, aseve, moqalaqeebisaTvis. isto-
riis pasuxismgeblobaze da inovaciebze dafuZnebuli swavleba
saWiroebs integrirebul midgomas da axal gzebs iTxovs is-
toriuli codnisaken. axali saskolo istoriuli narativis
Semadgeneli nawilebi unda gaxdes cnebebi, rogoricaa, migra-
cia, genderi, ormxrivi CarTuloba, adamianTa uflebebi, mra-
valferovneba da garemo. evroklios sjera, rom istoriulma
ganaTlebam gansakuTrebuli roli unda iTamaSos social-
uri erTobisa da CarTvis procesSi kulturaTaSorisi, Tao-
baTaSorisi da religiaTaSorisi dialogis gziT. evroklio
gaagrZelebs profesionalTa datreningebas inkluziuri sas-
wavlo saSualebebis, eTnikuri, enobrivi, religiuri, genderuli
da socialuri mravalferovnebis pativiscemiT gamsWvaluli
resurebis SemuSavebisa da danergvis saqmeSi. yovelive sarge-
blobas moutans mzardi mravalferovnebis mqone evropuli
sazogadoebebis saWiroebebs.
bevri evropuli qveynis istoriis kurikulumebsa da sax-
elmZRvaneloebSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs erovnuli
identoba da memkvidreoba. didi xania evrokliom saistorio
da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis mniSvnelovan komponentad miiCnia
xalxTaSorisi da sazRvrebs miRma memkvidreobiTi ganaTleba.
2009 wels asociaciam moawyo samemkvidreo institutebis
uzar mazari konsorciumi da proeqti istoriana (igulis xmeba
internetSi ganTavsebuli evropis qveynebis isto ria) gaxda
gza evropuli istoriisa da memkvi dre o bisaken.
miuxedavad evropaSi mimdinare saganmanaTleblo reformebi-
istorikosi N1 2011
19
sa, inovaciuri swavlebis meTodebis
danergva jer kidev dawyebiT sta-
diaSia. 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamo-
qveynda uamravi rekomendacia, Tu ra
da rogor unda ganaxldes da gaum-
jobesdes, magram mcirea praqtikuli
gadawyveta da xerxebi. evroklio
srulad uWers mxars sakuTar wevrebs, raTa isini saTanadod
moergon maswavlebelTa axali kvalificirebis moT xo vnebs. igi
motivacias umaRlebs pedagogebs, rom maT Seiswavlon ucxo
enebi. rac maT saSualebas aZlevs gazardon sazRvrebs miRma
komunikacia da gamoc di leba gauziaron sxvebs.
bevr evropul qveyanaSi maswavleblis kariera Zalian da-
balprioritetulia. zogierT qveyanaSi maswavleblis saSualo
asaki 50 wels aRemateba. savaraudo mizezia aseve maswavleb-
lis profesiisadmi pativiscemis nakleboba. evroklio miiCnevs,
rom unda aRdges maswavleblis profesiisadmi pativiscema. es
unda moxdes sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo procesis monawile
mxareebis Tanasworobis aRiarebiT, ormxrivi pativiscemiT da
TiToeuli monawilis gansakuTrebuli rolis cnobiT.
ukanasknel wlebSi evroklios saqmianoba gascda evropis
farglebs. asociacia gamocdilebis gasaziareblad miiwvies
araevropul qveynebSi. amgvarad, asociaciam daamyara kavSirebi
kavkasiaSi, Sua aRmosavleTSi, aSS-Si, CrdiloeT afrikaSi, Crdi-
lo-aRmosavleT aziaSi. momdevno aTwleulebSi evroklio Se-
ecdeba ganimtkicos pozicia globaluri gamowvevebis gadaw-
yvetis saqmeSi.
20
proeqti _ ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba
saqarTveloSi istoriis
swavlebis gziT“
yvela epoqaSi, gansakuTrebiT, Tanamedrove periodSi Zalze
aqtualuri, cxovrebiseulad mniSvnelovani iyo da aris sazo-
gadoebis tolerantobis xarisxi. igi uciloblad aisaxeba
xolme sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis yvela sferoze. am kon-
teqstSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs istoriis swavlebis
ganviTarebas. ama Tu im qveynis istoria WeSmaritad im xalxe-
bis istoriaa, romlebic qmnian sazogadoebas am saxelmwifoeb-
Si. amitom istoriis gakveTilebi warsulisa da Tanamedrove-
obis Sesaxeb msjelobis sagani unda gaxdes. gasaTvaliswinebe-
lia is faqtebi, movlenebi, pirobebi, romlebSic uwevT cxovre-
ba moqalaqeebs. gaviTvaliswinoT aseve urTierTobebi adamianTa
jgufebs Soris, maTi interesebi, erebisa da erovnebebis kul-
turebi, maTi urTierTmimarTebani da urTierTzegavlena. dro-
Ta ganmavlobaSi am kuTxiT SeZenili gamocdileba da erTma-
neTis tradiciebis codna erTad cxovrebis pirobebs qmnis. es
procesebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi iyo moqmedebaSi da dRe-
sac mimdinareobs. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, dRis wesrigSi
dgeba saerTo istoriuli narativebis SemuSaveba.
es aris pirveli proeqti Cveni asociaciis arsebobis
istoriaSi da metad mniSvnelovania, rom igi saerTaSorisoa
da pirveli erToblivi mcdelobaa evrokliosTan erTad. es
istorikosi N1 2011
nana cixisTavi
istoriis doqtori,
proeqtis koordinatori
saqarTvelos mxridan
21
CvenTvis Zalzed sapatio da imavdroulad, sapasuxismgeblo-
caa. samomavlod swored es proeqti gaxdeba safuZveli Cve-
ni momavali TanamSromlobisa. proeqtis mTavari mizania isto-
riis swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi, daxmare-
ba saqarTvelos ganaTlebis reformisadmi, gaRrmaveba naciona-
luri da internacionaluri TanamSromlobis, gaumjobeseba ad-
gilobrivi istoriis maswavleblebisa da akademiuri istori-
kosebis profesiuli kontaqtebis. vaswavloT istoria multi-
kulturul da multikonfesiur garemoSi, swored esaa Cveni
proeqtis mTavari siaxle.
evrokliosTan Cveni asociaciis TanamSromloba didi xnis
win daiwyo. mas win uZRoda wina saukunis 90-ian wlebSi axa-
li Taobis (evoluciuri anu civilizaciuri xazis) saqarT-
velosa da msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqm-
saerTaSoriso seminari bazaleTSi, 2010 wlis 6-7 ivlisi
22
na. am saxelmZRvaneloebma Caanacvla sabWoTa periodSi ar-
sebuli, formaciuli ganviTarebis koncefciaze agebuli da
marqsistul -leninuri ideologiis matarebeli saxelmZRvane-
loebi. maTSi ZirioTadi aqcenti keTdeboda narativis Secvla-
ze evropuli standartebis mixedviT. es iyo mcdeloba, miva-
xloebodiT evropuli saxelmZRvaneloebis standartebs. axal,
evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi aprobirebuli (rac evro-
pis mraval qveyanaSi muSaobisas gamoicada sxvadasxva proeq-
tebis saxiT) erToblivi proeqtis wamowyeba iyo evroklios
organizaciisa da „istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos aso-
ciaciis“ iniciativa. masze vmuSaobT 2007 wlis zafxulidan.
proeqtis amuSavebaSi unda aRiniSnos prof. cira CikvaiZisa
(istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis vice pre-
zidenti) da evroklios samdivnos TanamSromlis, stiven ste-
garsis wvlili. aqtiuri mimoweris saSualebiT maT bevri de-
ukraineli eqspertis, irina kostiukis seminari TbilisSi
istorikosi N1 2011
23
tali daadgines proeqtze muSaobis irgvliv da ukve 2007
wlis Semodgomaze proeqti damtkicda niderlandebis sagareo
saqmeTa saministrosTan arsebuli ,,matra“-s fondis mier.
aRsaniSnavia, rom proeqtis saavtoro jgufi da redkole-
gia internacionaluria. ase rom, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eT-
nikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad arian CarTulni
proeqtSi. sayuradReboa isic rom aseTi ram pirvelad keT-
deba respublikis masStabiT. Cven evropel partniorebTan er-
Tad ganvsazRvreT funqciebi da kompetenciebi istoriis mas-
wavlebelTaTvis. eseni arian saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva-
dasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi. is-
ini monawileoben vorkSopebSi, seminarebSi da aseve saerTa-
Soriso treningebSi. vfiqrobT, proeqti kargi magaliTia imi-
sa, Tu rogor unda viswavloT da miveCvioT cxovrebas mul-
tikulturul garemoSi. vidre proeqti saqarTveloSi muSao-
seda melkumiani (axalqalaqi), nana cixisTavi (Tbilisi), nargiz nabieva da
eliura alieva (marneuli) proeqtze muSaobis dros
24
bas Seudgeboda, man aprobacia gaiara samTavrobo da arasamTa-
vrobo doneze. proeqtSi aqtiurad CaerTo ganaTlebis sami-
nistro da misi warmomadgenlebi, saqarTvelos wamyvani uni-
versitetebi, skolebi, muzeumebis TanamSromlebi, arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebi. proeqti aseve iqca istoriis maswavlebel-
Ta saqarTvelos asociaciis gafarToebisa da misi regionuli
organizaciebis dafuZnebis xelSemwyobad da donorad, asocia-
ciis mravali saintereso wamowyebisa da aqtivobis mxardamWe-
rad. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom proeqti asociaciis amoq-
medebis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zalaa. misi miznebi da amocane-
bi, yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe, marTlac rom unikaluria.
msgavsi ram jer ar gakeTebula ara mxolod saqarTvelos sa-
ganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, aramed mTlianad kavkasiaSi. amitomac
safuZvlianad da samarTlianad gaxda igi interesisa da gans-
jis sagani ara marto Cvens saxelmwifoSi, aramed mezobel qvey-
nebSic. yovelive es aisaxa kidec 2010 wels JurnalSi ,, kav-
kasiuri aqcenti“ (rusul enaze) da veb-gverdze _ ,,kavkasiu-
ri kvanZi“ (rusul enaze). mas mieZRvna statia aseve saqarTve-
los ganaTlebis saministros JurnalSi ,,maswavlebeli“ (2010
weli, #2). proeqtma muSaoba realurad 2008 wlis 1 ivniss
daiwyo da gagrZeldeba 2011 wlis 1 noembramde.
2008 weli interkulturuli dialogis wlad gamocxadda.
swored am periods davamTxvieT Cveni proeqtis dawyebac. Cven
miznad davisaxeT tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swa-
vlebis gziT. dRes es Tema yvelaze mtkivneulia rogorc is-
torikosebisTvis, aseve araistorikosebisTvisac. toleranto-
baze bevri saubrobs, magram es ZiriTadad mis fasadur mxares
exeba. realurad ki Sinaarsi bevrisTvis ucnobia. swored aman
gvibiZga multikulturuli sakiTxebis wamowevisken. proeqtis
ideebiT moxiblulma Cveni mezobeli somxeTisa da azerbaija-
nis arasamTavrobo organizaciebis liderebma, romlebic ara-
erTgzis monawileobdnen proeqtis aqtivobebSi, gadawyvites da
Seqmnes kidec arasamTavrobo istoriis maswavlebelTa respub-
likuri asociaciebi. isini dResdReobiT muyaiTad muSaoben da
istorikosi N1 2011
25
eZieben saproeqto ideebs. niSandoblivia, rom wels martSi ga-
marTul evroklios yovelwliur konferenciaze, somxeTisa da
azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciebi evrklio
Si gaawevrianes. maT, ra Tqma unda, Cvenma asociaciamac dauWira
mxari. Cven bevrs vfiqrobT mezobeli qveynebis asociaciebTan
TanamSromlobaze. samomavlod, egeb regionuli mniSvnelobis
proeqtis ganxorcielebis mowmenic gavxdeT. es kidev ufro
did mniSvnelobas SesZens istoriis swavlebis srulyofasa da
ganviTarebas regionis masStabiT. aseve, aranaklebi mniSvneloba
eqneba istoriis maswavlebelTa kavkasiuri regionuli organi-
zaciis Camoyalibebasac, magram es jerjerobiT momavlis saqmea.
Tavdapirvelad, rodesac xsenebuli proeqtis miznebze da
amocanebze mimdinareobda muSaoba, Camoyalibda saTauris Sem-
profesori rumiana kuSeva (bulgareTi) Treinings atarebs TbilisSi,
evropul skolaSi, 2010 wlis 23 ianvari
26
degi varianti: ,,rogor vaswavloT istoria multieTnikur da
multikonfesiur garemoSi“. Semdeg, muSaobis procesSi mimar-
Tulebam saxe icvala da gaCnda axali saTauri _ ,, rogor vic-
xovreT erTad saqarTveloSi me-20-e saukuneSi“. es imas niS-
navs, rom Cvens saboloo naSromSi, e.w. ,,saswavlo furcleb-
Si“, gavaSuqoT eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis roli XX
saukunis saqarTvelos istoriaSi. is, Tu rogor qmnidnen is-
ini saqarTvelos istorias qarTvelebTan erTad. unda iTqvas,
rom msgavsi informacia saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvane-
loebSi jer ar gaJRerebula. vfiqrobT, istoriis aseTi xedva,
xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebis gamTlianebas. igi daaCqarebs ase-
ve eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis integrirebis process
samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi. es ki demokratiuli saxelmwifos
mSeneblobisa da ganviTarebis erT-erTi umTavresi safuZvelia.
istoriis swavlebis sakiTxi xSirad Zalze mgrZnobiarea
mravalerovan saxelmwifoebSi. saqarTveloSi eTnikuri umci-
sapilote gakveTils Temaze „gayofili lukma (ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi)“
atarebs Tbilisis 51-e sajaro skolis pedagogi ana kuprava
istorikosi N1 2011
27
resobebi arasakmarisad iyvnen warmodgenilni istoriis sa-
xelmZRvaneloebSi. Cven marTebulad vamayobT, rom gvaqvs to-
lerantuli sazogadoeba, rom tolerantoba CvenTvis geneti-
kuri Tvisebaa, magram imisaTvis, rom avaSenoT Cven mier xSi-
rad deklarirebuli demokratiuli sazogadoeba, Zalian seri-
ozulad unda vimuSaoT am mimarTulebiT. Cven istoriis mas-
wavleblebs unda mivceT damatebiTi, sruliad axali saxis ma-
sala. igi maT saSualebas miscems, pirvelwyaroebis meSveobiT,
Seavson saxelmZRvaneloebSi naklebad an sruliad gauSuqebe-
li Temebi. am masalis saSualebiT moswavleebi gaecnobian maT
gverdiT mcxovrebi xalxebis yofa- cxovrebas. vfiqrobT, moma-
valSi yvelam unda icodes TanamoqalaqeTa kulturis, tradi-
ciebisa da yoveldRiurobis Sesaxeb.
aqedan gamomdinare, poeqtis saavtoro jgufSi, Camoyalib-
da 4 ZiriTadi Tema: ,,multieTnikuri saqarTvelo“, ,,reli-
gia“, ,,migracia“ da ,,ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba“. Cven
wina planze unda wamovwioT da istoriis swavlebaSi Sevita-
noT siaxleebi: masalis mravalferovneba, multiperspeqtiulo-
ba, kompleqsuroba, gansxvavebuli narativebi, interpretaciebi,
wyaroebi, obieqturoba, winaaRmdegobrivi da saTuTi sakiTxebi-
sadmi originaluri, magram frTxili da samarTliani midgoma,
identobis pativiscema da sxva mravali axali midgoma. arada
90-ian wlebSi, rodesac praqtikulad daiwyo axali Taobis sa-
xelmZRvaneloebze muSaoba da roca dasavleli specialistebi
gviwevdnen konsultaciebs istoriis swavlebaSi arsebul sia-
xleebze, sakiTxi ase daisva: ramdenad exmareboda istoria sko-
laSi interkulturuli ganaTlebis miRebas. am sakiTxis pasu-
xad gamoikveTa ori mxare: nacionaluri istoriis sakiTxi da
stereotipi _ mezobeli qveynebis istoriuli mtrebis saxiT
warmoCena. am mxriv proeqtma ara mxolod es problema daayena
dRis wesrigSi, aramed miznad daisaxa maswavlebelTaTvis iseTi
masalis miwodeba, romlis mixedviTac istoriiT manipulirebas
veRaravin SesZlebda. misi saSualebiT moswavleebs istoriis
ganviTareba ara calmxrivad, aramed sxvadasxva kuTxidan unda
28
SeeswavlaT da warmoedginaT. maT aucileblad unda Seig rZnon
misi mravalferovneba rogorc negatiuri, ise piozitiuri mo-
vlenebis zomierad warmoCinebiT. udavoa, rom mtkivneuli saki-
Txebi arsebobs ara marto qarTul, aramed sxva saxelmwifoe-
bis realobaSic. sxvaganac vxvdebiT magaliTad, nacionalur na-
rativs, romelic am saxelmwifos poziciebidan gamomdinare, yo-
velTvis Zalian pozitiuri da myaria. istoriis mimarT kri-
tikuli midgoma aqac winaaRmdegobaSi modis dialogTan. ara-
da maTi Serwyma-Sejereba, albaT, saukeTeso gamosavali iqnebo-
da. Cveulebriv istoriis Txrobisas gvaqvs mxolod monolo-
gis reJimi da Tumca viZleviT uzarmazar informacias, magram
Sedegis gareSe. aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom istoriis swavle-
bisas mxolod emociebiT ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT.
am proeqtis ganxorcieleba arc Tu ise martivia mrava-
li TvalsazrisiT. proeqtis sawyis etapze mimdinareobda misi
gacnobis rTuli, magram saintereso procesi samTavrobo Tu
arasamTavrobo doneze. pirvel rigSi igi gavacaniT istoriko-
sebsa da istoriis maswavleblebs. midioda Zalian cocxali da
mniSvnelovani debatebi proeqtis Semdgomi ganviTarebis per-
speqtivebis garSemo. am problemiT dainteresebuli kompeten-
turi adamianebi gva wvdidnen im informacias, codnas, daskvnebs,
romlis gareSec ar eqneboda azri am proeqtis dawyebas. saq-
me imaSia, rom arasdros, arc qarTul istoriografiaSi da arc
saqarTvelos saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi, ar ixsenieboda eT-
nikuri umciresobebi da konfesiebi im prizmiT, rogorc Cven
vapirebdiT amis warmodgenas Cven mier Sedgenil e. w. ,,saswav-
lo furclebSi“. sawyis etapze amocana Zalze rTulad, xan-
daxan ganuxorcielebladac ki gveCveneboda. ucnobi iyo ro-
gor miiRebda amas Cveni sazogadoeba. daviwyeT mosamzadebeli
samuSaoebi, movawyeT Sexvedrebi wamyvan universitetebSi is-
toriis pedagogebTan da akademiur istorikosebTan. parale-
lurad vawyobdiT proeqtisa da asociaciis prezentacias re-
gionebSi: gorSi, rusTavSi, TelavSi, axalcixeSi, baTumSi, zug-
didSi, quTaisSi. Sedegi aseTia: proeqtis CarCoebSi Cven or-
istorikosi N1 2011
29
ganizeba gavukeTeT sam seminars wavkisSi, Caqvsa da bazaleT-
Si da 5 vorqSops: TbilisSi, gudaurSi, TelavSi, kvlav Tbilis-
sa da axalcixeSi. am aqtivobebSi monawileobdnen evropeli
da qarTveli eqspertebi, istoriis pedagogebi yvela regioni-
dan internacionaluri SemadgenlobiT, muzeumebisa da univer-
sitetebis TanamSromlebi, ganaTlebis saministros warmomad-
genlebi. Cveni proeqtis aqtivobebi araerTgzis gaSuqda Tbi-
lisisa Tu regionebis media sivrceSi. yovelive es Tanamimde-
vrulad Suqdeba evroklios organizaciis vebgverze www.eu-roclio.eu da evroklios yovelTviur biuletenSi. Cveni proeq-
tis warmomadgenlebi araerTgzis iyvnen miwveulni evroklios
egidiT gamarTul konferenciebze, seminarebsa Tu vorqSope-
bze: inglisSi, holandiaSi, kviprosze, bulgareTSi, germaniaSi,
latviaSi, TurqeTSi. proeqtis bolos Cven unda gavamzadoT
saboloo produqti da gamovceT igi sxvadasxva enaze. Cve-
saerTaSoriso seminari TbilisSi, 2009 wlis 25 ianvari. sityviT gamodis
istoriis maswavlebelTa somxeTis asociaciis vice-prezidenti stefan gri-
goriani. mis marjvniv zis istoriis maswavlebelTa azerbaijanis asociaciis
vice-prezidenti rauf rajabovi
30
ni saboloo gamocemis Semoklebuli varianti unda iTargmnos
inglisurad, xolo saqarTvelos skolebSi pilotirebisaTvis
mas gadaTargmnian rusul, azerbaijanul, afxazur, somxur da
osur enebze. Cven ukve daviwyeT proeqtis programis Sedge-
na ganaTlebis saministros mxridan misi akreditaciis mizniT,
raTa proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg, am programis saSualebiT
gvqondes SesaZlebloba CavataroT treningebi maswavlebel-
TaTvis am sakiTxebze.
proeqtma didi samsaxuri gauwia istoriis maswavlebel-
Ta saqarTvelos asociacias im TvalsazrisiT, rom dRis we-
srigSi daayena asociaciis vebgverdisa (www.imsa.ge) da Jur-nalis gamocema. veb gverdi moemsaxureba ara mxolod proeq-
tis saWiroebebs, aramed gaaerTianebs da saWiro informacias
miawvdis asociaciis wevrebsa da dainteresebul pirebs. xolo
rac Seexeba Jurnals, Seiqmna misi redkolegia da ganisazRvra
pirveli nomris specifika. rogorc xedavT Jurnals ,,isto-
rikosi“ ewodeba. xolo pirveli nomeri interkulturul di-
alogs eZRvneba.
2010 wlis seqtembridan proeqtis internacionalurma red-
kolegiam muSaoba daiwyo saboloo produqtis redaqtirebaze,
rac savaraudod 2011 wlis gazafxulze dasruldeba. parale-
lurad seqtembridanve saqarTvelos skolebSi _ Tbilissa da
regionebSi _ Sida qarTlSi, qvemo qarTlSi, aWaraSi, imereTSi,
samegreloSi, kaxeTsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi Seuferxeblad mim-
dinareobda proeqtis saswavlo masalebis pilotireba. aso-
ciaciis ofisSi yovel kviras ikribebodnen regionidan Camosu-
li maswavleblebi, proeqtis koordinatorebi, proeqtis jgu-
fis xelmZRvanelebi da redkolegiis wevrebi, imarTeboda coc-
xali diskusiebi pilotirebis mimdinareobis ama Tu im saka-
maTo sakiTxze, xdeboda pilotirebis Sedegebis Sefaseba wi-
naswar momzadebuli da maswavleblebisaTvis darigebuli ki-
Txvaris mixedviT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pilotirebis proce-
si redkolegiis muSaobis paralelurad mimdinareobda da er-
Timeores avsebda. yovelive aman kargad dagvanaxa, Tu raode-
istorikosi N1 2011
31
ni mniSvneloba aqvs Teoriisa da praqtikis Sejerebas, rac yo-
velTvis gamarjvebis sawindaria. diax, Cven gvjera gamarjve-
bis, gvjera imis, rom es proeqti gamoadgeba CvenSi istoriuli
ganaTlebis ganviTarebas, aseve gamoadgeba Cvens mravalferovan
sazogadoebas, mis yvela wevrs, eTnikur jgufebsa da konfesiebs,
momavali Taobebis demokratiuli faseulobebiTa da saxelmwi-
foebrivi azrovnebiT aRzrdas.
proeqtis redkolegiis wevri eva mamedova (Tbilisis #72 sajaro skola)
haagaSi, redkolegiis sxdomaze, 2010 wlis agvisto
32
proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis
gziT~ damatebiTi saxelwodebaa `rogor vaswavloT istoria
mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis, mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis,
rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul, rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul,
aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo
masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-
neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic
Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi
dRemde arsebobs.
qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-
clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba
maswavleblis wignic.
1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams? 1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams?
– sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara eTnokonfliqtebis fonze
keTilmezoblobis SenarCuneba?
moswavle, konfliqtis zonasTan mdebare ergneTis bazrobis
magaliTze, dainaxavs, rogor uwyobda xels savaWro urTier-
Toba urTierTndobis SenarCunebas qarTvelebsa da osebs So-
istorikosi N1 2011
krebuli _ `rogor vicxovreT erTad
saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSi~
anotacia
elene meZmariaSvili
istoriis doqtori,
proeqtis koordinatori
saqarTvelos mxridan
mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo
jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. nino Ciqovani
33
ris, ratom ar SeuSlia xeli konfliqts am urTierTobebis
ganviTarebisTvis.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ramdenad SeiZleboda ergneTis ba-
zrobis msgavsi adgili yofiliyo konfliqtSi monawile mxa-
reebis gamTiSveli da, amave dros, gamaerTianebeli?
2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor
SeZles duxoborebma TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba XX saukunis
saqarTveloSi?
moswavle gaiazrebs, rogor moaxerxes duxoborebma Tavi-
anTi tradiciuli meurneobis dargebisa da yofis SenarCuneba
samcxe-javaxeTSi, ra iyo duxoborebis dasaxlebebSi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani: meurneoba, ena, religia Tu sxva., ra gavlena iqo-
nia me-20 saukunis mniSvnelovanma politikurma movlenebma maT
cxo vrebaze saqarTveloSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra uwyobda xels mcirericxovani
eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas?
3. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi„kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
ramdenad iyo sofeli baraleTi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi
„kavkasiuri ezos“ magaliTi?
moswavle gaiazrebs, ras niSnavs „kavkasiuri ezo“, ra uw-
yobda da dResac uwyobs xels qarTvelTa da somexTa mSvido-
bian Tanacxovrebas javaxeTis sofel baraleTSi: Sromis pro-
cesi, RvTismsaxureba, mezobluri urTierToba, kanonmdebloba
Tu sxv..
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleba „kavkasiuri ezo“
sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis urTierTpativiscemis simbolod?
4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde – erTiano-
ba mravalferovnebaSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen
sxva dasxva erovnebis adamianebi cxinvalSi 1990-iani wlebis
dasawyisamde?
moswavleebi gaxdebian „kvleviTi jgufis wevrebi“ da
imuSaveben proeqtze, romlis mizania ipovon pasuxi kiTxvaze:
mcxovreblebs 1990–iani wlebis dasawyisamde?
5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts?5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts? – sakvanZo
kiTxva: ratom miiRes monawileoba 1956 wlis 9 martis movle-
nebSi sxvadasxva erovnebra akavSirebda erTmaneTTan sxvadasxva
34
eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis adamianebs cxinvalSi mSvi-
dobiani cxovrebisas? maT mouwevT sxvadasxva saxis, maT Soris,
adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis interviuebis gaanalizeba da sa-
kuTari daskvnebis gakeTeba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aerTianebda cxinvalis is war-
momadgenlebma?
moswavle gaiazrebs 1956 wlis 9 martis tragikul movle-
nebSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebis monawil-
eobis mizezebs da amis fonze gaakeTebs sakuTar daskvnebs, Tu
ramdenad CarTulebi iyvnen sxvadasxva erovnebis saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebi qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raze metyvelebs eTnikuri umci-
resobebis monawileoba sabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare pro-
cesebSi?
6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor vi-
brZodiT erTad saqarTvelos damoukideblobisTvis?
moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis meore naxevris am mniS-
vnelovan da tragikul movlenas axali kuTxiT: dainaxavs masSi
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianis monaw-
ileobas. garda amisa, gaerkveva wyaroebis tipebSi, daadgens
maTi sandoobis xarisxs.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba gaxdes da-
moukideblobisTvis brZola sxvadasxva erovnebis moqalaqeebis
gamaerTianebeli?
7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri 7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri
cxovreba)cxovreba) – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor gamoxatavda Teatraluri
cxovreba XX saukunis Tbilisis mravalerovan iersaxes?
moswavle gaicnobs qarTuli, rusuli, somxuri da azer-
baijanuli Teatrebis istorias da gaiazrebs, ra rols Ta-
maSobda zogadad Teatraluri cxovreba sxvadasxva erovnebis
Tbiliselebis daaxlovebaSi. moswavleebs mouwevT jgufebSi
muSaoba da „statiis“ momzadeba XX saukunis dasawyisis erT–
erTi Tbilisuri gazeTisaTvis.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor emsaxureboda Tbilisis
melpomena Tanacxovrebas mravalkulturul qalaqSi?
istorikosi N1 2011
35
8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ro-
gori urTierToba iyo saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebul rusebsa
da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris XX saukunis dasawyisSi?
moswavle gaiazrebs rogori iyo sagarejos raionSi XIX-XX
saukuneebSi Camosaxlebuli rusi malaknebis cxovreba XX sau-
kunis ganmavlobaSi: mezoblebTan urTierToba, Sroma, saojaxo
yofa, damokidebuleba eTnikuri da SeZenili samSoblosadmi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleboda saqarTvelo anu
„samxreTis cimbiri“ edemis baRad?
9. „Tbilisuri ezo“9. „Tbilisuri ezo“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ras niSnavs „Tbili-
suri ezo“?
moswavle gaiazrebs, ra istoriulma movlenebma Seuwyo
xeli e.w. „Semosavliani saxlebis“ gaCenas; rogori iyo Tbili-
sur ezoebSi yoveldRiuri cxovreba; ra iyo am cxovrebis
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. moswavles mouxdeba Tavisi
daskvnebis gakeTeba im masalaSi, romelsac vebgverdisaTvis
moamzadebs. aseve, moswavleebi gaiTamaSeben scenas Tbilisuri
ezos cxovrebidan.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raSi gamoixateba Tbilisuri
ezoebis gansakuTrebuli koloriti?
1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore 1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore
naxevarSinaxevarSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: romelma politikurma procesebma
iqonia gavlena saqarTvelos mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgen-
lobis cvlilebaze XX saukunis meore naxevarSi?
moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis analizis gziT, gaa-
cnobierebs saqarTvelos mosaxleobis demografiuli cvli-
lebebis Taviseburebebsa da mizezebs; gaecnoba saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis demografiul mravalferovnebasa da misi cvli-
lebebis dinamikas XX saukunis meore naxevarSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra istoriuli movlenebi axdenda
gavlenas Sereuli qorwinebebis dinamikaze?
ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba
jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. naira mamukelaSvili
36
2. erTi quCa marneulSi2. erTi quCa marneulSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo
sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufis Tanacxovrebis
tradiciebi marneulSi XX saukunis bolos?
moswavle, saqarTvelos erT-erTi regionis – marneulis
mosa xleobis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis magaliTze, sxvadasxva
xasiaTis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanalizebs rogor moxda
sxva dasxva aRmsareblobis adamianTa tradiciebisa da kultu-
ris daaxloeba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris marneulSi sxvadasxva
eTni kuri Tu religiuri jgufis urTierTobis damaxasiaTe-
beli niSani?
3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
ratom eZaxian Caqvs „xalxTa WianWvelebis budes“?
moswavle, gaecnoba saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze mra-
valeTnikuri soflis – Caqvis istoriul ganviTarebas XX
saukunis ganmavlobaSi. wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, is gaanalizebs,
Tu ra aris imis mizezi, rom saukunovani Tanacxovrebis pi-
robebSi, CaqvSi eTnikur niadagze ar momxdara arc erTi kon-
fliqti; ra aerTianebs erTmaneTisagan eTnikuri da religiuri
niSniT gansxvavebul adamianebs, ra ganapirobebs maT mSvidobian
Tanacxovrebas mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom ada-
mianebi mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen mravaleTnikur dasaxlebaSi?
4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
rogor cxovrobdnen udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi?
moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis albanuri
warmoSobis erT-erTi mcirecicxovani eTnikuri jgufis – ud-
iebis yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebas qarTvelebis garemocvaSi.
saerTo saklaso diskusiis gziT moswavle Tavad gamoTqvams
mosazrebebs, rogor unda moxdes udiebis integrireba qar-
Tul sazogadoebriobasTan ise, rom SenarCunebul iqnas maTi
tradiciebi da TviTmyofadoba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra faqtorebs SeuZlia mcire-
ricxovani xalxebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis xelSewyoba?
5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
rogor aRiqvams qistebs Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba?
istorikosi N1 2011
37
moswavle gaecnoba qistebis yoveldRiur cxovrebas saqa-
rTvelos erT-erT mTian regionSi; gaanalizebs, ras efuZneba
qristianebisa da muslimebis urTierToba sofel joyolos
magaliTze; Camoayalibebs kavkasiis xalxebis saerTo wes-
Cveulebebisa da mentalitetis Camoyalibebis mizezebs.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: eTnikuri, religiuri da enobrivi
siWrele – kavkasiuri kulturis simdidrea Tu problemebis
wyaro?
6. espaneli bebiis istoria6. espaneli bebiis istoria – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca
saqarTvelo samSoblod meore msoflio omis dros espaneTi-
dan evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis?
moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT da erTi
espanur-qarTuli ojaxis magaliTze, gaecnoba da gaanalizebs
upatronod darCenili espaneli bavSvebis mdgomareobas, saqa-
rTveloSi maTi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg; im istoriul faqtebs,
romlebmac maTi saqarTveloSi gadmosaxleba ganapiroba da
momavalSi maT beds Seexo. is gaanalizebs, rogori adamianuri
Tvisebebi ganapirobebs xalxis urTierT keTilganwyobil damo-
ki debulebas yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: romel istoriul movlenebs Seu-
Zlia gavlenis moxdena calkeuli adamianis bedze?
7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi 7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi – sakvanZo kiTxva: 1990-
iani wlebis ra istoriulma movlenebma iqonia gavlena bavS-
vebis cxovrebis pirobebze saqarTveloSi?
moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis bolosa da XXI sauku-
nis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli
eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebuli ojaxebis bavSvebis
mdgomareobas; daasabuTebs, Tu ratom unda iyos dainteresebu-
li saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba mozardi Taobis problemebis
gadaWriT. wyaroebis safuZvelze daadgens, Tu romeli ufle-
bebi xorcieldeboda eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebul
bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT; Seecdeba gamonaxos gzebi dazarale-
buli bavSvebis mdgomareobis Sesamsubuqeblad.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1990-iani
wlebis eTnokonfliqtebma saqarTveloSi bavSvebis bedze?
38
1. gayofili lukma1. gayofili lukma – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen
erTad qarTvelebi da evakuirebuli ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi
1930-40-ian wlebSi?
moswavle gaanalizebs: 1930-40-ian wlebSi ukrainelTa
saqarTveloSi migraciis mizezebs; maTi qarTul sazogadoebaSi
integraciis process; siZneleebs, romelsac waawydnen saqarT-
veloSi ukraineli migrantebi. Camoayalibebs Tavis mosazre-
bebs zemoaRniSnul sakiTxebze jfufuri muSaobis safuZvelze.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris samuSao furclis saTau-
ris gzavnili?
2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-
ulebi)ulebi) – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom eZeben dRemde deportirebuli
mesxebi TavianT samSoblos?
moswavle gaerkveva 1940-ian wlebSi samxreT saqarTvelosa
da aWaris regionebidan mesxi mosaxleobis erTi nawilis iZu-
lebiT gasaxlebis mizezebsa da SedegebSi; gaanalizebs saq ar-
Tvelos mTavrobisa da sazogadoebis, sxvadasxva organizaciis
pozicias deportirebul mesxebTan dakavSirebiT XX saukunis
40-iani wlebidan dRemde. moswavle am sakiTxebSi gaerkveva
klasSi simulaciuri aqtivobis meSveobiT.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom gaasaxla saxelmwifom
saqarTvelodan, xolo Semdeg daabruna mosaxleobis garkveuli
nawili?
3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi – sakvanZo SekiTxva:
saidan warmoiSva rusTavis zedmetsaxeli, `ormoci Zmis~ qa-
laqi?
moswavle gaigebs, rom 1940-ian wlebSi metalurgebis axa-
li qalaqis rusTavis daarseba industrializaciis politi-
kis gamoZaxili iyo, xolo qalaqis internacionaluri, mra-
valerovnuli xasiaTi – nawilobriv, saxelmwifos mxridan
Si da mi graciuli procesebis regulirebis Sedegi. moswavle
imsjelebs axali, mravalerovnuli qalaqis daarsebasTan daka-
istorikosi N1 2011
migracia
jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. cira CikvaiZe
39
vSirebul socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul problemebze
qalaq rusTavze pirobiTad gadasaRebi filmis scenarebSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra roli iTamaSa migraciulma
procesebma mravalerovani rusTavis SeqmnaSi?
4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)
_ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis
sakiTxi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobis problemad saqarT-
veloSi?
moswavle gamoikvlevs da gaanalizebs 1990-ian wlebSi
saqarTveloSi ekologiuri cvlilebebis Sedegad gamowveul
Si da migraciul procesebs; gamoTqvams mosazrebebs axali da-
sa xlebebis SeqmniT warmoqmnili problemebis da saxelmwifos
rolis Sesaxeb am problemebis gadaWrisas. mas dasWirdeba
prezentaciis momzadeba da Sexedulebebis Sejereba ekomi-
grantebis problemebis gadaWris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT.
ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra roli unda Seasrulos xelisu-
flebam da sazogadoebam ekomigrantebis adaptaciisaTvis xel-
sayreli garemos SeqmnaSi?
5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-
iani ww.iani ww.) _ sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara politikuri
lideris sajaro gamosvla calkeuli eTnikuri jgufis migra-
ciis mizezi gaxdes?
moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis daxmarebiT da jgu-
febSi muSaobis Sedegad, gaanalizebs: 1990-ian wlebSi saqarT-
velodan osebis migraciis mizezebsa da dinamikas; qarTuli
saxelmwifos mier gadadgmul politikur nabijebs; imsje-
lebs daZabulobis zrdis mizezebsa da konfliqtis mogvarebis
gzebze.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena moaxdina 1980-iani
wlebis bolosa da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis movlenebma
saqarTvelos mosaxlebis migraciul procesebze?
6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-
SiSi _ sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen baltiispirelebi
XX saukunis saqarTveloSi?
moswavleebi gaigeben: rodis dasaxldnen, rogor integrird-
nen da cxovroben saqarTveloSi estonelebi, litvelebi da
40
latvielebi; ramdenad aqtiurad aris CarTuli baltiispirel-
Ta diaspora saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi. Aam kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas moswavle moax-
erxebs sami _ estoneli, litveli da latvieli _ qalis
dRiurebis furclebidan.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saerTo saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi baltiispireli qalebis bedSi?
7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-
ciacia _ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos moqa-
laqeebi samSoblos 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi?
moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanali-
zebs saqarTveloSi XX s. bolos arsebuli migraciuli pro-
cesebis gamomwvev politikur, ekonomikur, socialur mizezebs.
jgufuri muSaobis Sedegad, daasaxelebs maTgan, misi azriT,
yvelaze mniSvnelovan xuT mizezs, ris gamoc SeiZleboda im
dros saqarTvelos datoveba. aseve, ivaraudebs xuT mizezs, ris
gamoc samSobloSi darCena jobda.
ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: SeZles Tu ara 1990-iani wlebis
emigrantebma sxva saqarTvelos naxva?
mimarTuleba _ religia
1. kanoni da realoba1. kanoni da realoba – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sab-
WoTa saxelmwifos religiuri politika 1920-40-ian wlebSi?
samuSao furceli exeba 1920-40-ian wlebSi religiis
sferoSi sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis da saxelmwifoSi Seqmni-
li realuri viTarebis winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs. moswavle
gaacnobierebs saxelmwifos rols negatiuri stereotipebis
Camoyalibebis saqmeSi da rom marto kargi kanoni ar aris sak-
marisi realur cxovrebaSi mis gansaxorcieleblad.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra monawileobas iRebdnen qarTve-
li bolSevikebi saxelmwifos religiuri politikis ganxor-
cielebaSi?
istorikosi N1 2011
religia
jgufis xelmZRvaneli istoriis doqtori
beso lorTqifaniZe
41
2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom ebrZoda
sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvela aRmsareblobis adamians 1920-30-
ian wlebSi?
samuSao furceli gadmogvcems 1920-30-ian wlebSi sabWoTa
propagandistuli manqanis damokidebulebas yvela religiis
mimarT. moswavle dainaxavs, rom es negatiuri damokidebuleba
Seexo yvela aRmsareblobas. is Tavad Seqmnis TvalsaCinoebas
da gaiazrebs, rom yvela mrwamsis adamianis mimarT unda iyos
tolerantuli.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor axsni samuSao furclis
saTaurs „uRmerTo saxelmwifo“?
3. faruli locv3. faruli locva – sakvanZo kiTxva: ra Sedegi mohyva re-
ligiuri politikis cvlilebas sabWoTa kavSirSi 1940-70-ian
wlebSi?
samuSao furcelSi gadmocemulia saxelmwifos damokideb-
uleba sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis mimarT da real-
uri suraTi 1940-70-ian wlebSi. moswavle dainaxavs xalxis
Cum protests saxelmwifo politikis mimarT.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom loculobdnen sabWoTa
saqarTveloSi farulad?
4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?!4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?! – sakvanZo kiTx-
va: ramdenad iyo aRmsarebloba da erovnuloba konfliqtebis
mizezi damoukidebel saqarTveloSi XX-XXI saukuneebis mi-
jnaze?
moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sxvadasxva
mrwamsis adamianebis urTierTdamokidebulebas 1990-ian wleb-
sa da Tanamedrove periodSi. is Seecdeba gaarkvios, ramdenad
uwyobs xels urTierTSemwynarebloba qveynis karCaketilobis
daZlevasa da siZleres. amisaTvis mas istoriidan magaliTebis
moSvelieba dasWirdeba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlenas axdens qveynis gan-
viTarebaze sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenelTa TanamSrom-
loba da urTierTSemwynarebloba?
5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis?5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis? – sakvanZo kiTxva:
ramdenad misaRebia fraza: saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebi sTvis?
moswavle Seecdeba gaarkvios, ratom aris garkveuli ste-
42
reotipebi saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis
mimarT. aseve Seecdeba dasaxos gzebi am stereotipebis dasa-
Zlevad.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom unda izrunos qveynis
mosaxleobis marTlmadidebelma umravlesobam sxva aRmsare-
blobis adamianebis uflebebze?
6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
rogori iyo quTaisis mosaxleobis damokidebuleba adgilo-
brivi kaTolikebis mimarT XX saukuneSi?
moswavle gaecnoba da gaiazrebs qarTveli kaTolikebis
wvlils me-20 saukunis quTaisis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela
sferoSi; adgilobrivi mosaxleobis maTdami damokidebulebas.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom Tvlidnen Tavs sxvadasxva
konfesiis adamianebi, maT Soris, kaTolikebi, upirvelesad, WeS-
marit quTaislebad?
istorikosi N1 2011
43
ganaTleba inkluziurobis, cnobierebis
amaRlebisa da tolerantobisaTvis:
ZiriTadi Temebi sakiTxis droulobisa da
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb
istoriis saganmanaTleblo roli skolebSi
2008 wels sajaro ganaTlebis Sefasebis holandiurma cen-
trma sakuTar veb-gverdze Semdegi daskvna gamoaqveyna: „sko-
lebs mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba kanonierebis, demokratiisa
da moqalaqeobis zogadi faseulobebis gadacemis saqmeSi. es
gansakuTrebiT xorcieldeba iseTi sagnebis meSveobiT, rogori-
caa istoria da moqalaqeobis safuZvlebi.“ swored es wina-
dadeba xsnis sakiTxis arss, kerZod imas, rom istoria, rasac
Cven skolebSi vaswavliT, axalgazrda Taobis aRzrdasTanaa
dakavSirebuli da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi msjelobis sagani
unda iyos sayovelTao faseulobebi, humanuri midrekilebebi
da demokratiis monapovari.
vici, rom bevri istorikosisaTvis es gancxadeba SeiZle-
ba arakomfortul WeSmaritebas warmoadgendes, radgan isini
ufrTxian warsulis instrumentalizacias da, miT ufro, ide-
ologiuri mizezebiT mis arasworad gamoyenebas. samwuxarod,
ioke van der leu-roordi
evroklios damfuZnebeli,
misi pirveli prezidenti,
amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori
saerTaSoriso siaxleebi istoriis swavlebaSi
44
istoria da istoriis swavleba evropaSi Tu mis farglebs
gareT uamrav magaliTs gvTavazobs am SiSis gasamarTleb lad.1
Tumca, istoriis pedagogebs isic gaazrebuli aqvT, rom isini
saganmanaTleblo sistemis nawils warmoadgenen da ganaTleba
axlagazrda Taobaze unda iyos morgebuli. skolaSi mozardebi
ar Seiswavlian warsuls mxolod im mizniT rom gaarkvion
zustad ra moxda; sagani unda daiwyos mTavari SekiTxviT mis
mizanTan dakavSirebiT.
istorias evropul saskolo kurikulumSi uamravi mniS-
vnelovani mizani akisria. evroklios mier 2003, 2006 da 2009
wlebSi Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom istoriis Seswav-
lisa Tu swavlebis upirvelesi miznebi mTels evropaSi met–
naklebad erTnairia: esaa ganaTleba demokratiisa da moqa-
laqeobriobis xelSewyobisTvis, moswavleTa mier samyaros
Se cnoba, maTSi kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba da
sakuTari saxelmwifosadmi erovnuli kuTvnilebis grZnobis
Camo yalibeba.2
pasuxismgebeli profesiuli Zala
cnobilia, rom istoria sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelvan ma-
moZravebel Zalas warmoadgens. aqedan gamomdinare, evroklio
cdilobs xeli Seuwyos istoriuli ganaTlebis jan saR gam-
oyenebas demokratiuli sazogadoebebis mSene blobisa da ga-
Zlierebis mizniT. aseve cdilobs kavSiri daamyaros isto-
rikosebs Soris miuxedavad maTi eTnikuri Tu religiuri
kuTvnilebisa. organizaciis wevrebi erToblivad eZeben gzebs,
1 magaliTisTvis ixileT Antoon de Baets, Responsible History (Oxford, 2008), Christina Koulouri (ed), Clio in the Balkans. The Policy of History Education (Thessaloniki, 2002), Christina Koulouri (ed), Teaching the History of Southeastern Europe (Thessaloniki, 2001) da Wolfgang Hopken(ed), Oil on Fire: Textbooks, Ethnic Stereotypes and Violence in South-Eastern Europe (Hannover, 1996).
2 evroklios saiti Seicavs ZiriTadi kiTxvarebis Sedegebs, moyolebuli
1998 wlidan rogorc PowerPoint-Si warmodgenil prezentaciebs, aseve dia-gramebsa da rukebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,402/.
istorikosi N1 2011
45
raTa danergon sayovelTao Rirebulebebi, humanuri midrekile-
bebi, demokratiuli monapovari da, amgvarad, gazardon gana-
Tlebis mniSvneloba keTilsindisieri moqalaqeobisa da Seri-
gebis saqmeSi.
daarsebis dRidan, 1993 wlidan evroklio xels uwyobs
saeTaSoriso urTierTgagebas, pativiscemasa da TanamSromlo-
bas. organizaciis upirveles mizans warmoadgens xeli Seuwyos
istoriis swavlebis ganviTarebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, gaaZlierebs
mSvidobas, stabilurobas, demokratias da kritikul azrovne-
bas. evroklio iRwvis, raTa istoriisa da moqalaqeobriobis
safuZvlebis swavleba mravalferovani xedviT, inovaciiT da
kritikuli azrovnebiT gaamdidros.
evroklio amtkicebs, rom warsuls ar gaaCnia sazRvrebi da
istoriis swavleba udides gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor
aRiqvamen adamianebi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklios xedviT,
istoriis swavla da swavleba gansakuTrebuli pasuxismge-
blobis sferoa, radgan swored is gaxlavT ganaTlebis sfero-
Si yvelaze metad politizirebuli sagani. saskolo istoria
moiTxovs pasuxismgeblobis mqone yovelmxriv profesionals
da evroklioc Tavs uyris istorikosebsa da istoriis peda-
gogebs evropidan, raTa erToblivad ganixilon da gamoscadon
warsulis inkluziuri swavlebis meTodebi.
evroklios miaCnia, rom istoria aris yvelaze struqturi-
zebuli arxi sazogadoebebSi istoriuli cnobierebis Camoya-
libebisTvis da, Sesabamisad, SemoqmedebiTad uwyobs xels mis
winsvlas. evroklio propagandas uwevs imgvar midgomas isto-
riis swavlebisadmi, romelic ganamtkicebs demokratiul fa-
seulobebs, unarebs da midrekilebebs. Tavis mxriv, es sagani
zrdis ormxriv pativiscemas, tolerantobas da antieqstremi-
stul ganaTlebas. is svams kiTxvebs, romlebic iwveven kamaTs.
imisaTvis, raTa es ideebi praqtikaSi gaataros, 1993 wlidan
moyolebuli evrokliom evropaSi organizeba gauwia 30-ze met
saerTaSoriso konferencias, asobiT adgilobriv seminars da
vorqSops, ganaxociela uamravi grZelvadiani proeqti.
46
novatoruli meTodologia
evroklios politika SemuSavebulia uamravi erovnuli da
saerTaSoriso debatebis Sedegad. istoriis saskolo swav-
lebis tradiciuli funqcia mravaljer dadga kiTxvis niSnis
qveS, radgan xSirad igi iaraRad qceula erebsa Tu saxelmwi-
foebs Soris dapirispirebebSi. 2007 wels bledSi (slovenia)
gaimarTa saerTaSoriso konferencia Temaze ,,adamianTa ufle-
bebis swavleba: gakveTilebi istoriidan“ sadac kviprosel-
ma istoriis ganaTlebis eqspertma Cara makriianim damswre
farTo evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe wamoWra mniSvnelovani
kiTxvebi saskolo sagnis miznebTan dakavSirebiT.1
• moeTxovebaT Tu ara istoriis swavlebis procesSi mo-
swavleebs daeTanxmon movlenebis Sefasebas Tu kiTxvis niSnis
qveS unda daayenon is;
• morCilad unda miyvnen movlenebis „oficialur“ inter-
pretacias Tu disciplinirebuli kamaTisa da argumentebis
Sedegad sakuTari versiebi SeimuSavon;
• daeTanxmon romelime konkretul xedvas Tu multiper-
speqtiuli xedvisaken iswrafon?
• istoriam skolis moswavleebs daTanxmeba unda aswavlos
Tu winaaRmdegobis gaweva?
cxadia, istoriis swavlebis evropeli da aramarto evro-
peli specialistebi ufro metad am kiTxvebis meore nawi-
l ebs daeTanxmebian, Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom umravlesoba
swored am midgomas iziarebs. umetes evropul qveynebSi poli-
tikosebsa da mediis warmomamdgenlebs Zalian uWirT gaiTavi-
son saskolo istoriis es kritikuli pasuxismgebloba.
doqtori Cara makriiani aseve Seexo sagnis Tematikas da
dasva Semdegi kiTxvebi:
• unda misces Tu ara saskolo istoriam moswavleebs co
1 doqtor makriianis sruli prezentacia SegiZliaT ixiloT bmul-
ze: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Ite-mid,402/.
istorikosi N1 2011
47
dna da gaagebinos warsulis Sesaxeb istoriuli azrovnebis
mniSvneloba;
• unda ganaviTaros Tu ara maTSi warsul da axlandel
sa zo gadoebebSi individebis Tu jgufebis rolis, pasuxismgeb-
lobis, uflebebis SesaZleblobebis da movaleobebis gageba;
• unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa demokratiuli damo-
kidebulebebi da unarebi;
• unda waaqezos Tu ara sazogadoebaSi CarTuloba da aqti-
voba;
• unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa Soris mravalfe ro-
vnebis mimReoba.
am SemTxvevaSi istoriis Tanamedrove swavleba valdebulia
yvela moTxovna gaiTvaliswinos.
sakiTxavia, ramdenadaa es midgomebi saskolo istoriis r e -
a lo ba Si danergili?
2006 wels evroklios mier Sedgenili kiTxvari sTxovda
respodentebs eCvenebinaT, Tu ra adgili uWiravs maT erovnul
kurikulumebSi garkveul koncefciebsa da kompetenciebs.
gamokiTxvis Sedegad, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad dasaxelda
Sedegi:
• qronologiuri cnobierebis Camoyalibeba da movlenaTa
qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT dalagebis unari;
• cvlilebisa da uwyvetobis gaazrebis unari;
• analizis unari;
• istoriuli masalebis Sefasebisa da maTi istoriul kon-
teqstSi gamoyenebis unari.
da mainc, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad istoriuli codnis Tanmim-
devrulad gaxseneba iTvleboda, vidre faqtebisa da Sexedu-
l e bebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva. aseve, istoriuli mniSvnelobis
Sefaseba urTierTsawinaaRmdego interpretaciebis ga mo yenebiT.
yvelaze umniSvnelod CaiTvala dRevandeli istoriografiuli
debatebis saqmis kursSi yofna.
48
faseulobebi da midgomebi
samxreT floridis ganaTlebis koleji Zalian kargad uR-
e bs alRos istoriis pedagogTa muSaobas, rodesac wers, rom
„yvela profesia xasiaTdeba saerTo codnis erTi da imav e Tvi-
sebebiT, unarebiT da midgomebiT.1 swavleba ki xelobaa, rad gan
srulyofilebis ZiebaSi is iyenebs mecnierebasac da xelovneba-
sac“... es ganacxadi maswavlebelTan erTad moswavlesac exeba
– “socialuri disciplinebis (ganaTleba) ZiriTad winapirobas
warmoadgens is, rom moswavle valdebulia gamoavlinos codna,
unarebi, midgoma“.
es ganacxadi socialuri disciplinebisa da ganaTlebis
erT Zalian mniSvnelovan da saintereso aspeqts usvams xazs.
es ori sagani ara mxolod gadascems codnas da unarebs, ar-
amed nergavs konkretul faseulobebs da aviTarebs sazogadoe-
bisaTvis sasargeblo midgomebs moswavleebSi.2 swored zemox-
senebul or sagans aqvs yvelaze metad pirdapiri urTierToba
politikasTan, ideologiasa da sazogadoebebis Tanadroul
saWiroebebTan. sakiTxebi, romlebic yovelTvis iwveven kamaTs
istoriis axali kurikulumis Sesaxeb aris globalizacia,
gadagvareba, erovnuli identobis SegrZnebis Semcireba, saer-
TaSoriso islamis mzardi roli da erovnul Tu religiur
umciresobaTa naklebi integracia sazogadoebaSi.
ukanasknel wlebSi evropaSi am sakiTxebs socialuri mis-
wrafebebis mTel wyebasTan akavSirebdnen. yofil komunistur
qveynebSi dRis wesrigSi upirvelesi adgili daiWira gana-
Tlebam demokratiis ganviTarebisaTvis.3 bevri iseTi dasav-
1 ixileT: Social Studies Education (SSE) Course & Program Policies & Expec-tations bmulze: http://www.coedu.usf.edu/main/departments/seced/SocialS/SSEho-me.html
2 evroklios 2009 wlis kiTxvaris avlens Semdeg prioritetebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.
3 Michail A. Boytsov, “A EUROCLIO and Russian Joint Venture. Writing Scho-olbooks on Post-War History”–History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Euro-pe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Series: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 154-163. evroklios proeqtebi fikusirdeba Semdegi sa-
kiTxebis garSemo. http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/vb.
istorikosi N1 2011
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leTevropuli qveynis winaSe, romlebSic maRalia migracia, mag-
aliTad, safrangeTi, didi britaneTi, niderlandebi, moulod-
nelad dadga sakuTari rolis gaazrebis sakiTxi sazogadoe-
baTa kavSiris, mravalferovnebis dafasebis da tolerantobis
mSeneblobis saqmeSi.1 konfliqtur teritoriebze, magaliTad
bosniaSi, saqar Tvelosa da makedoniaSi, Serigebasa da mraval-
ferovnebis dafasebas didi yuradReba eqceva. TiTqmis yve-
la evropuli skolis istoriis kurikulumSi Sevida Temebi,
romlebic moicavs Tanasworobas, adamianTa uflebebs, gen d ers,
uwyvet ganviTarebas da garemos. gansakuTrebuli davalebebi
da e kisra socialur disciplinebsa da istoriis kurikulumebs,
amisi kargi magaliTia evroklios egidiT TurqeTSi mimdinare
proeqti. SeiZleba zogma ikiTxos, ramdenad emTxveva evro-
pel politikosTa da istoriis pedagogTa damokidebulebebi
da ramdenad misaRebia maswavlebelTaTvis es moTxovnebi, an
saerTod, ramdenad xSirad ekiTxebian maT rCevas, aqvT Tu ara
survili da unari msgavsi faseulobebi gadascen Taobebs da
ganaviTaron garkveuli tendenciebi?2
evroklios mer 2009 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam
dagvanaxa, rom evropaSi amgvar gadawyvetilebebze istoriis
peda gogebs mcire gavlena aqvT.3 da kiTxva, pedagogTa Taname-
drove kompetencia da arsebuli saswavlo masalebis xarisxi
gamodgeba Tu ara dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad, jerac pa-
suxgaucemelia.
evroklios meTodi gamoxatavs azrs, rom istoriasa da is-
toriis swavlebas adamianuri faseulobebis, damokidebule-
bebis da midrekilebebis mTel wyebasTan uxdeba Sepirispireba.
1 Gordon Brown, The Future of Britishness, moxseneba fabianelTa sazoga-
doebaSi, 2006 wlis 14 ianvari. sazogadoebis pres-relizi ixileT bmulze
http://www.fabians.org.uk/events/speeches/the-future-of-britishness; magaliTad, ni-
derlandebSi debatebi Temaze Canon and National Museum for History ixileT
http://www.jijmaaktgeschiedenis.nu/blog/ an http://entoen.nu/forum.aspx.2 James Fitzgerald, ‘History in the Curriculum: Debate on Aims and Values’ in
History and Theory, Vol. 22, No. 4, Beiheft 22: The Philosophy of History Teaching (Dec., 1983), 81-100, ixileT bmulze http://www.jstor.org/pss/2505217.
3 2009 wlis kiTxvaris Sedegebi ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.
50
esaubro axlagazrda Taobas warsulze, niSnavs moicva pozi-
tiuri Temebi, rogoricaa demokratia, tolerantoba, adamianTa
uflebebis pativiscema, urTierTgageba, solidaroba, Tavisufle-
ba, gambedaoba, Tanabari SesaZleblobebi, pasuxismgebloba, si-
yvaruli da megobroba. Tumca, aseve Tavs ver aarideb negatiur
cnebebs, rogoricaa stereotipebi, crurwmena, brma rwmena, qse-
nofobia, rasizmi da Zaladoba.
evrokliom partnior organizaciebTan erTad am sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT mTeli rigi saswavlo strategiebi da masa-
lebi SeimuSava.1 istoriaSi mravladaa movlenebi, procesebi
da fenomenebi, romlebic moqalaqeobas Tu samoqalaqo pasux-
ismgeblobas exeba. evroklio cnobs istoriis pedagogTa sa-
sicocxlo rols axalgazrdebSi samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis
da sazogadoebaSi maTi aqtiurad CarTvis saqmeSi.2
specifiuri istoria
evropis istoriis swavleba Zalian momTxovni da gansa-
kuTrebulia. zogadad, erovnuli istoriis swavlebaSi erovnu-
li umravlesobis warmomadgeneli jgufis xedvebi Warbobs.
1 amis Sedegi iyo 14 inovaciuri saxelmZRvanelosa da maswavlebelTa
damxmare wignis gamoqveyneba, magaliTisTvis: Ordinary People in an Extraordina-ry Country. Every Day Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. Yugosla-via between East and West 1945-1990 (2008) and Change and Continuity in Everyday Life in Albania, Bulgaria and Macedonia 1945-2000 (2003). evroklios arsebo-
bis pirveli 15 wlis namuSevris Sejameba ixileT organizaciis 26-e biule-
tenSi Making a Difference. Fifteen Years of EUROCLIO, bmulze: http://www.eu-roclio.eu/site/index.php/2008-making-a-difference-bulletins-381. evroklios mier
gamocemuli yvela publikaciis naxva SegiZliaT organizaciis saitze.
2 magaliTad, ixileT Fair and Balanced History. 44 working sheets for active student work with a multicultural approach (http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/materials-bulgaria-129). evrokliosa da evropaevmis gaerTianebuli Zalisxme-
vis Sedegia proeqti Connecting Europe through History. am wlis ZiriTad Temas
warmoadgens Experiences and Perceptions of Migrations in Europe da informaciis xilva SesaZlebelia bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-ma-inmenu-125/current-projects-mainmenu-32/connecting-europe-mainmenu-304. pir-veli wlis (Human rights in Europe? Tolerance, Democracy, Citizenship, Criti-cal thinking and Multiperspectivity as European Values) sruli moxseneba xelmi-
sawvdomia bmulze http://www.connectinghistory.eu/.
istorikosi N1 2011
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martini Tavs statiaSi evropis istoria da Zveli franguli
wes-Cveulebebi aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTisaTvis „absolutu-
rad warmoudgenelia iseTi kurikulumi, romelic mieZRvneboda
bretanisa Tu baskuri regionis istoriis swavlebas1.“ amave
dros, is acxadebs, „meore msoflio omis periodSi ganviTare-
bul genocidamde evropaSi ar moiZebna adgili ebraelTaTvis.
magram arc qalTa da arc genderis istoria ar TamaSobs ara-
viTar rols; franguli istoriuli ganaTleba aris erovnuli
franguli politikuri istoria“. zogierTi qveyana, magaliTad,
britaneTi, kvlav mtkiced ewinaaRmdegeba iseTi kurikulumebis
ganviTarebas, sadac istoriuli samyaro ufro vrclad an mci-
red iqneba warmodgenili, vidre erovnuli saxelmwifo. jounsi
Tavis statiaSi ,,spilosTan erTad sarecelis gayofa: isto-
riis swavleba uelsSi“ wers, rom es sakiTxi aris gamowveva,
romelsac swrafad unda gaumklavdes britaneTi, sadac ing-
lisuri istoria, kultura da ena saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
batonobda britaneTis sxva qveynebze.2 evroklios mier 2004
wels kardifSi gamarTulma konferenciam aCvena, rom isto-
riis uelsur kurikulumebsac gaaCndaT siZneleebi.3 saskolo
istoria jerac fokusirdeba uamrav mniSvnelovan personaze,
romlebic dominant kulturas warmoadgenen. mcire yuradReba
eqceva qalebs da saerTod uyuradRebod rCebian eTnikuri
jgufebis warmomadgenlebi.4
1 Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European History and Old French Habits’, – History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Europe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Se-ries: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 45-57.
2 Elin Jones, ‘Sharing the bed with an elephant: teaching history in Wales’, in: History for Today and Tomorrow, 36-44 and Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European Histo-ry and Old French Habits’, idem 45-57.
3 R.R. Davies, ‘Wales and History, Small Country, Large Issues’ and Bjorn Mat-sen, ‘The Learning Country, Jane Davidson, Welsh Minister of Education’, orive ixileT evroklios me–20 biuletenSi: Belonging to Europe – Small Nations, Big Issues (2004) 10-17 and 17.
4 Jan Bank en Piet de Rooy, ‘Een canon van het Nederlandse verleden. Wat iede-reen móet weten van de vaderlandse geschiedenis’, gazeTma NRC Handelsblad 2004 wlis 30 oqtombers warmoadgina am midgomis SesaniSnavi magaliTi, msgavs
tendenciebs amJRavnebs 2001 wlis holandiuri kurikulumi Seqmnili saSu-
alo skolis maRali klasebisaTvis.
52
zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad, rumineTsa da latviaSi, calke
sagnad iswavleba eTnikuri jgufebis istoria. Tumca aseTi
midgoma realurad sulac ar uwyobs xels inkluziur swav-
lebas, radganac ar zrdis erTmaneTis Sesaxeb metis gagebis
SesaZleblobas. umravlesobis jgufis warmomadgenelTaTvis
sakuTari istoria Tu kultura warmoadgens erTaderT sagans
saskolo istoriaSi. Tumca, umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa
istoriis calke sagnad gamoyofa rumineTSi, sul cota, is-
toriis swavlebaSi mravalferovnebis danergvas niSnavs. lat-
viaSi axali moqnili kurikulumi aseve iZleva saSualebas
Seswavlil iqnas eTnikuri istoria rusul, polonur, litvur,
ukra inul, estonur da belorusulenovan skolebSi.
inglisSi kurikulumis dagegmvisas mTavar moTxovnas war-
moadgens is, rom igi pasuxobdes axalmosaxleTa saWiroebebs
da erTnair uflebebs aniWebdes moswavleebs „miuxedavad maTi
socialuri warmomavlobis, kulturis, rasis, sqesis, gansxvave-
buli SesaZleblobebisa Tu unarebisa“.1 istoriis kurikulu-
mis farglebSi moiTxoveba „Seuqmnan inglisSi axlad Camosul
moswavleebs iseTi garemo, rom maT CamouyalibdeT sakuTari
identobis da msoflioSi sakuTari adgilis myari SegrZneba.
es daexmareba maT gaiazron, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina warsulma
awmyoze da rogor ganviTarda is adgili, sadac axla isini
cxovroben. istoria daexmareba axalmosulebs ukeT Caswvdnen
inglisis kulturas, institutebs da istorias.“ Tanamedrove
kurikulumTa damxmare saSualeba „uCvenebs maswavleblebs,
Tu rogor SuZliaT maT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gardaqmnan
erovnuli sakurikulumo programebi da Seusabamon isini mo-
swavleTa gamowvevebs ToToeul etapze.2“ QCA-s saitze am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mravladaa mocemuli direqtivebi da
aqtivobebis nimuSebi.3
evroklios modelis mixedviT, saskoli istoriis mizans
1 QCA-s saiti iZleva saintereso SeTavazebebs termin inkluziasTan da-
kavSirebiT.http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7277.aspx. 2 ixileT: http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7341.aspx.3 xelmisawvdomia bmulze http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7964.aspx.
istorikosi N1 2011
53
unda warmoadgendes yovelmxrivi inlkuziuroba, SekavSireba,
gaazreba im maxasiaTeblebisa, rac ganasxvavebs sxvadasxva sqe-
sis da asakis adamianebs, eTnikur, lingvistur da religiur
jgufebs, mdidarsa da Raribs, qalaqis Tu soflis mosaxleobas,
gansxvavebuli azris mqone sazogadoebebs.1 yovlismomcvelo-
bis amgvari interpretacia tradiciul midgomaze Sors midis,
radgan moicavs ara mxolod eTnikur da religiur, aramed
asakobriv, sqesobrv jgufebs da Sexedulebebs. evroklios ram-
denime proeqti albaneTSi, bosnia-hercogovinaSi, xorvatiaSi,
bulgareTSi, estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniaSi, ruseTSi, ser-
beTsa da ukrainaSi swored am sakiTxebs mieZRvna.2
umciresobis warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb saskolo savarjiSoe-
bisTvis kargi wyaros moZieba namdvilad problemuria. moviyvan
erT magaliTs: proeqtis istoriisa da moqalaqeobrivi gana-
Tlebis xelSewyoba rumineTSi menejmentma sTxova eqsperts
iad vaSemids (israeli), stimuli mieca proeqtis wevrTaTvis,
rom maT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmoedginaT ruminul/ebrauli
istoriuli wyaroebi. damswre sazogadoebas Zalian daswyda
guli, rodesac eqspertma mxolod polonuri masalebi moitana.
TviT am kargad aRWurvili ebrauli resurscentrisaTvisac ki
ar aRmoCnda advili sasurveli masalebis moZieba.
zemoTaRniSnuli problemis gamo, ukrainul saxelmZvanelo-
Si ukraina 1901–1938 wlebSi, individis TvaliT danaxuli
periodi TiTqmis ar moixsenieba im drois ukrainis mraval-
ricxovani ebrauli mosaxleobis istoria.3 igive SeiZleba
iTqvas boSebze, romlebic centraluri Tu aRmosavleT ev-
1 magaliTad, evroklios rusuli warmomadgenlbis publikacia Mosaic of Cultures (2005) , ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-mainmenu-125/past-projects-mainmenu-47/national-mainmenu-241/cat_view/61-na-tional/150-2002-2005-russia-mosaic/170-educational-materials
2 estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniasa da ruseTSi proeqtebis meore wye-
bis gansakuTrebuli kvlevis sagani gaxda termini inkluzia, igive SeiZle-
ba iTqvas evroklios proeqtze bulgareTSi Dialogues, a Cultural Rainbow for the Future.
3 ixileT bmuli: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/gid,173/task,cat_view/
54
ropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi cxovroben. es xalxi TiTqmis
arc erT istoriul saxelmZRvaneloSi Tu publikaciaSi araa
moxseniebuli. gamonakliss warmoadgens evroklios maswavle-
belTa resursebis wigni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis cvlileba da
uwyvetoba albaneTSi, bulgareTsa da makedoniaSi 1945-2000.1
TiToeul monawile qveyanas davalebuli hqonda warmoedgi-
na sakuTari samSoblos eTnikur jgufTa warmomadgenlobebi.
es Zalian faqizi sakiTxi iyo da mTavrobebs, gansakuTrebiT,
bulgareTisa, gauWirdaT konkretuli jgufisaTvis umcireso-
bis statusi mieniWebina. magram, sabolood, garda makedoniuri
dasaxlebisa bulgareTSi, yvela warmomadgenlobam ipova saku-
Tari adgili.
inkluziuri istoriuli ganaTleba gulisxmobs, imas, rom
erovnul doneze, evropasa Tu mis gareT, aucilebeli piro-
ba iyos multiperspeqtiuloba da mravalgvari narativi. es
midgoma mimarTulia imisaken, rom axalgazrdebma Seiswavlon
da gaiazron warsulis safuZvlebi; is gvTavazobs ufro ax-
los gavecnoT sxvadasxva, erTmaneTs dapirispirebul mxareebs,
gan sxvavebul rekonstruqciebs da alternatiul interpreta-
ciebs; igi exeba im daskvnebs, romlebic momavlisTvis unda
gamovitanoT Sesabamisi warsuli gamocdilebidan. cxadia, Cven
erTsa da imave warsul movlenaze SegviZlia gansxvavebuli
xedvebi CamovayaliboT.2 swored aq Semodis sityva „kompleq-
suroba“, radganac warsulis aRqma rTuli xdeba da efuZneba
mravalgzis narativs da interpretaciebs. Sesabamisad, isto-
riis swavleba Tavidan ver aicilebs paeqrobas da wyenas. am
yvelafers frTxilad da gabedulad unda mivudgeT, ar unda
uarvyoT an ugulvebelvyoT konkretuli faqtebi.
evropuli da ara mxolod evropuli gamocdileba cxadad
aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad rTulia es Temebi politikosebisa da
1 damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/in-dex.php/Publications/Teaching-Materials/
2 evroklios meTodologiis Sesaxeb meti informacia SegiZliaT moi-
ZioT bmulze: http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/leafl et-3-methodology-backg-round-material-898.
istorikosi N1 2011
55
istorikosebisaTvis, da kidev ufro metad rTuli saskolo
istoriisaTvis. evroklios saitze, axali ambebis ganyofile-
baSi mocemuli seqcia – istoria gviCvenebs, Tu rogor ebrZvian
sazogadoebebi yoveldRiurad winaaRmdegobriv warsuls. am
TemaTagan bevri maTgani iseT rTul problemebsa da Zireul
moralur sakiTxs exeba, rogoricaa kacobriobis winaaRmdeg
Cadenili danaSaulebi – holokosti, genocidi, diskriminacia,
kolonializmi, monoba, TanamSromloba da Tanasworoba. ar ar-
sebobs evropuli qveyana, romlis warsulis ganxilvisas rome-
lime am sakiTxTagan ar axdendes masze uzarmazar gavlenas.
genderi
istoriaSi CarTulobis specifiur elements warmoadgens
qalebisa da mamakacebis rolze fokusirebis mravalferovneba.
Cveulebriv, qalebi kurikulumebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis
miRma rCebian. evroklios kiTxvari 2003, 2004, 2005 wleb-
Si Seicavda kiTxvebs saskolo istoriaSi genderis Sesaxeb.
Sedegma uCvena, rom es aspeqti jerac ganuviTarebelia. 2003
wels swored genderi iyo saskolo istoriaSi 1989 wlidan
moyolebuli, yvelaze naklebganviTarebadi midgoma.1 2004 da
2005 wlebSi gamokvlevam uCvena, rom qalisa da genderis is-
toria evropaSi fasdeboda, rogorc yvelaze umniSvnelo sas-
wavlo sakiTxi. man xmebis 7%-ze naklebi miiRo.2 es maSin,
rodesac demokratiisa da adamianTa uflebebis maCvenebeli
25%-s aRemateboda.3 am TvalsazrisiT, holandiis istoriis
axal saxelmZRvaneloebSi 16 kacze 4 qali modis.4 aseve,
1 Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, History Changes. Facts and fi gures about history education in Europe since 1989 (The Hague, 2003).
2 kiTxvari SegiZliaT ixiloT mulze: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.
3 ibidem.
4 standartebze pasuxismgebeli komitetis oficialuri saitis misamar-
Ti gaxlavT: http://entoen.nu/informatie.aspx?id=10, informaciis nawili mocemu-
lia inglisur enaze, Turquli Targmani ki gamoqveynda NIHA –s mier (umaR-
lesi ganaTlebis niderlanduri instituti ankaraSi): Ana Hatlarıyla Hollan-da Tarihi (De Canon) (Ankara, 2008).
56
fra ngul/germanuli skolis evropisa da msoflios istoriis
axladgamocemulma eqsperimentulma saxelmZRvanelomac, rac
orive qveyanaSi saSualo ganaTlebis maRal klasebSi swav-
lebisTvisaa gankuTvnili, Tavi ver aarida warsulis Sesaxeb
xedvaSi genderis naklebobas.1 1945 wlidan moyolebuli, mx-
olod 2 qali Cndeba mniSvnelovan pirovnebaTa biografiebis
nusxaSi, esenia: angela merkeli da margaret tetCeri. frangma
avtorebma ver SesZles Tundac erTi qali-Tanamemamulis war-
modgena, romelic imdenad cnobili iqneboda, rom saxelmZRva-
neloSi SeetanaT.
evroklios mizans warmoadgens qalebis ukeT warmoCena.
fokusirebis gadatana mkacri politikuri da samxedro isto-
riidan ufro mravalmxrivi midgomisaken vfiqrobT, namdvilad
waadgeba alternatiuli narativebis ganviTarebas. ukrainuli
saxelmZRvanelo „ukraina 1901-1938 wlebSi, individis TvaliT
danaxuli periodi“ imden magaliTs Seicavda genderuli per-
speqtivebisa, rom gaocebulma gamomcemelma imwamsve daaskvna,
TiTqos wignis avtorebi qalebi iyvnen. Tumca es mcdari daskvna
iyo. yvela avtori mamakaci iyo, rac Tavis mxriv, avtorTa
gundis formirebisas daSvebul uyuradRebobaze metyvelebda.2
axali Turquli kurikulumi
sazogadoebriv disciplinebis axali Turquli kurikulumi
Zireul faseulobaTa danergvas da pasuxismgeblobiT gamsWval-
uli xedvis ganviTarebas emsaxureba. kurikulumis yovel Tavs
sakuTari miznebi gaaCnia. magaliTad TavSi me vswavlob so-
cialur disciplinebs, erT-erT mizans warmoadgens, moswavleTa
mier iseTi gadawyvetilebebis miReba, rac daefuZneba uflebebs,
pasuxismgeblobebs da Tavisuflebebs. meore mizans warmoadgens,
1 Histoire/Geschichte, Europa und die welt seit 1945. (Leipzig, 2006). ixileT:
www.histoiregeschichte.com.2 Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, EUROCLIO Executive Director and Clio Stronk,
EUROCLIO staff member, ‘Learning by Experience’ – Making A Difference. Fifte-en Years of EUROCLIO (The Hague, 2007) 6-11.(http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/in-dex2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=76&Itemid=401).
istorikosi N1 2011
57
moswavleebma gaiazron, rom socialuri disciplinebi xels
uwyobs TurqeTis respublikis aqtiur moqalaqed Camoyalibe-
bas. TavSi Zalaufleba, administracia da sazogadoeba, saubaria
imaze, rom moswavleebma unda imsjelon imaze, rom demokrati-
ul sazogadoebebSi adamianebs gaaCniaT sicocxlis, re li giisa
da azris Tavisuflebis, fizikuri usafrTxoebis ufleba. da
bolos, Tavi globaluri kavSirebi, asabuTebs, rom istoriul
dokumentebze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi aanalizeben adamianTa
uflebebis ganviTarebis process da interpretirebas ukeTeben
TurqeTis istoriaSi qalTa rolsa da qalTa uflebebis gan-
viTarebas. igive Tavi moiTxovs, rom axalgazrdebs unda ganuvi-
TardeT pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba kulturuli memkvidreobis
dacvisa da ganviTarebis mxriv. aseve axalgazrdebs moeTxovebaT
gaiazron qveyanaTa Soris TanamSro mlobis mniSvneloba bune-
brivi safrTxeebisa Tu garemos dacvis TvalsazrisiT.
istoriis, rogorc sagnis, zogadi miznebi aseve moicavs mora-
lur valdebulebebs, magaliTad, moswavleebis informi rebas
iseT Zireul faseulobebze, rogoricaa mSvidoba, tolerantoba,
ormxrivi gageba, demokratia, adamianTa uflebebi; axalgazrdebi
unda gaxdnen am faseulobebis damcvelebi da ganmaviTareblebi.
kurikulumi gulisxmobs mozardebSi gaZlierdes Sromismoyva-
reoba, mecnieruli xedva, xelovnebis siyvaruli da esTetika,
es yvelaferi ki unda moxdes erTi romelime konkretuli
an zogadi civilizaciebis Sesaxeb istoriuli kvlevis war-
moebis saSualebiT. istoriis kurikulumis farglebSi aseve
moiTxoveba moswavleTa Soris ganviTarebul iqnas sulieri,
eTikuri, socialuri da kulturuli aspeqtebi. momdevno miza-
nia mozardTa Camoyalibeba individebad, romelTac ecodinebaT
TavianTi uflebebi da gamoiyeneben maT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.
amave dros, gaazrebuli eqnebaT sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebi da
iqnebian mgrZnobiareni socialuri problemebis mimarT.
istoriis swavlebis bolo wlebSi gamoikveTa, rom Taname-
drove msofliosa Tu TurqeTis istoria maswavleblebs akis-
rebs gansakuTrebul miznebs da moTxovnebs. sagnis Seswavlis
58
Sedegad moswavleebs eqnebaT „unari, gaaanalizon globaluri
samyaros mravlismomcveloba da politikuri, socialuri, kul-
turuli Tu ekonomikuri movlenebis mravalmxrivi maxasiaTe-
blebi; ganuviTaron axalgazrdebs is Cvevebi, rac aucilebela
21-e saukunis cvalebad da mzard moTxovnilebebTan gasamklave-
blad. maT unda hqondeT TavianTi xedva da SesZlon jansaRi
komentarebis Tu ideebis warmoCena momavlis Sesaxeb“. TavSi
„globalizaciis procesSi myofi samyaro“, saubaria imaze, rom
moswavleebma unda iswavlon „gageba im problemebisa, romle-
bic warmoiSveba msoflioSi mimdinare ganviTarebis procesis
Sedegad da gaiTavison, rom saWiroa am problemebs gadawyveta
movunaxoT.“
Tumca, yvela am moTxovnis kurikulumSi dafiqsireba sakma-
risi araa, bevrad rTuli procesia maTi xorcSesxma. evropul
qveyanaTa umetesobaSi saTanadod araa Sefasebuli is efeqti,
rasac kurikulumSi ganxorcielebuli cvlileba axdens fi-
nansur Tu adamianur resursebze. amis Sedegad, reformebis
ganmaxorcielebelma programebma ver miaRwies mosalodnel
miznebs da joxi gadatyda maswavleblebze, TiTqos isini ar
emxrobodnen cvlilebebs.1
istoriuli mniSvneloba
bolo wlebSi saskolo istoriis sakvanZo sakiTxi gaxda
istoriuli mniSvnelovnoba. ukve 1994 wels piter seiqsasi
statiaSi moswavleTa mier istoriis mniSvnelobis gageba, wer-
da – „istoriuli fenomeni mxolod maSin xdeba mniSvnelobis
matarebeli, Tu Tanamedrove sazogadoebis wevrebs SeuZliaT
gaavlon paraleli am da sxva istoriul fenomens Soris da
sabolood, am movlenasa da sakuTar Tavs Soris“. Semdeg ki
svams sakvanZo kiTxvas: „romel fenomens aRiqvamen moswavleebi
mniSvnelovnad“?2 samwuxarod, Zalian mcire odenobis akademi-
1 Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, History Changes. 17-32.2 Peter Seixas, ‘Students’ Understanding of Historical Signifi cance.’ – Theory
and Research in Social Education 23.3 (1994): 281-304, 285.
istorikosi N1 2011
59
uri gamokvleva Catarda saimisod, rom am kiTxvis pasuxebSi
Caxedulni viyoT. Tavad seiqsasma Caatara mcire kvleva 14
meaTeklasels Soris kanadaSi. van boriesi germaniaSi aseve
dainteresda am kiTxvaze evropis farglebSi pasuxis moZiebiT;
aseve, holandielma maria griverma Caatara kvleva erovnebiT
holandiel Tu migrant moswavleebs Soris. maT mier miRebuli
Sedegebi ramdenime sakiTxs fens naTels. seiqsasis kvlevam
gamoavlina, rom moswavleebi irCevdnen iseT Temebs, romlebmac
gavlena iqonia xalxTa farTo masebze da romelTa zemoq-
medeba iyo xangrZlivi da awmyoSic grZeldeboda. van boriesis
kvlevam aCvena, rom axalgazrdebs gansakuTrebuli interesi
gaaCndaT uaxlesi istoriis mimarT.1 es mosazreba ganamtkica
griv eris kvlevamac. Tumca man aseve aRniSna, rom es maxasiaTe-
beli gansakuTrebiT exeboda gaerTianebuli samefosa Tu safr-
angeTis mkvidr mosaxleobas. mozardebi yofili koloniebidan
aseve SesamCnev interess iCendnen antikuri istoriis mimarT.
niderlandebSi ki mkvlevari waawyda garkveul interess me-
20 saukunis mimarT, Tumca ara gansakuTrebuls.2 mTel rig
ganmartebebs da miTiTebebs istoriuli mniSvnelovnobis Te-
maze iZleva istoriis swavlebis 125–e tomi, aseve QCA– gan-ma r tebi Ti SeniSvnebi.
3
axali warmodgena kurikulumze
saskolo istoriis inovaciuri swavlebisadmi wamoyenebulma
zemoxsenebulma uamravma axalma moTxovnam da mniSvnelovnobis
sakiTxma gavlena moaxdina Sexedulebaze kurikulumis Sesaxeb.
evropis sabWom proeqtis swavleba evropis me-20 saukunis is-
toriis Sesaxeb farglebSi doqtor robert stradlings daav-
1 Bodo von Borries, Magne Angvik (eds.) Youth and History. A Comparative Eu-ropean Survey on Historical Conciousness and Political Attitudes among Adolescents vol. A: description, vol. B: documentation, CD-ROM (Hamburg, 1997).
2 Maria Grever en Kees Ribbens, Nationale identiteit en meervoudig verleden (WRR Verkenning nr. 17) (Amsterdam, 2007) 130-131.
3 Teaching History 125, December 2006: http://www.vanderkaap.org/histofo-rum/2009/historischbelang.html.
60
ala gamoeca cnobari am Temaze.1 pulikaciisTvis stradlingma
gamoiyena evropis sabWoSi umcros konsultantad muSaobisas
dagrovili gamocdileba, aseve, evropis sabWosa da evroklios
Sefasebis qseli. erT-erTi sakiTxi, rac xangrZlivi ganxilvis
sagani gaxda, iyo Semdegi: rogor gadaetanaT axali sakuriku-
lumo moTxovnebi ganaxlebul, ufro mimzidvel sakurikulumo
modelSi. cxadia, unda gaeTvaliswinebinaT, is, rom moswavleebi
Tanamedrove istorias aniWeben upiratesobas. es aris magali-
Ti me-20 saukunis istoriis swavlebis bevr evropul qveyanaSi
gamoyenebadi tradiciuli programisa, sapirispirod ki warmod-
genilia Temebis alternatiuli CamonaTvali.2
tradiciuli Temebi me-20
saukunis istoriaSi
inovaciuri Temebi me-20
saukunis istoriaSi
pirveli msoflio omis safuZvlebiteqnologiuri da mecnieruli win-
svla
pirveli msoflio omisocialuri cvlilebebi rigiTi ada-
mianebis cxovrebaSi
ruseTis revoluciaqalTa rolis cvlileba sazogado-
ebaSi
evropis restruqturizeba, 1918
weli
mas-kulturisa da axalgazrduli
kulturis warmoqmna
totalitarizmis dasawyisi: komu-
nizmi, erovnuli socializmi da fa-
Sizmi
gamorCeuli moZraobebi kulturasa
da xelovnebaSi
ekonomikuri depresiaindustrializacia da post-indus-
triuli sazogadoebebis warmoqmna
saerTaSoriso mSvidobis darRveva urbanizacia
II msoflio omi: saxalxo omi transporti da komunikaciebi
evropis restruqurizacia 1945
welssaxalxo moZraobebi
1 Robert Stradling, Teaching 20th-century European History, (Strasbourg, 2001).2 Stradling, R. ibidem (22) ixileT bmulze http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-o-
peration/education/History_Teaching/.
istorikosi N1 2011
61
civi omis xana: nato da varSavis
paqti
erovnuli da sxva jgufebis warmo-
madgenlobebis mdgomareobis cvli-
leba evropaSi
dekolonizacia konfliqti da TanamSromloba
politikuri da ekonomikuri Tanam-
Sromloba 1945 wlis Semdegerovnuli moZraobebi
evropuli sazogadoebatotalitarizmi da liberaluri
demokratia
glasnosti da perestroika adamianTa uflebebi
sabWoTa kavSiris daSla
centraluri da aRmosavleT evro-
pis Camoyalibebis procesSi myofi
damoukidebeli demokratiebi
rogorc xedavT, sakiTxebis am axal nusxaSi, romelic 2008
wels Seiqmna, sakmarisi adgili moiZebneba yvela tradiciuli
TemisaTvis; Tumca isini mocemulia ufro gafarToebul per-
speqtivaSi da SesabamisobaSia axali kurikulumis modelTan.
es CamonaTvali aseve naTlad uCvenebs, Tu ramdenad swrafad
Zveldeba kurikulumebi/saxelmZRvaneloebi. 2009 wels am
CamonaTvals daemata garemos dacva, energiaze damokidebuleba,
winsvla globaluri komunikaciebis sferoSi, globalizacia
da islamuri cnobierebis gaZlierebis sakiTxebi.
2009 wlisTvis Seicvala ara mxolod Temebis tradiciuli
SerCeva, aramed, zogadad, fokusireba saxelmZRvaneloebze. na-
Telia moTxovna moqnil da interaqtiur multimediur saSu-
alebaze, romelic pativiscemiT moepyroba mravalferovnebas da
istoriis mimarT multiperspeqtiul midgomas gamoiCens. imi-
saTvis, raTa evropis masStabiT realoba gaxados yovelive es,
2009 wlis Sua xanisaTvis, evrokliom moamzada samwliani pro-
eqti evropuli istoriisa da memkvidreobis kvleva. davexmaroT
pedagogebs saSualo skolebSi mravlferovani perspeqtivebiT
aswavlon evropis istoria da memkvidreoba. am proeqtis far-
glebSi ganviTardeba, gamoicdeba da dainergeba onlain saSu-
aleba saSualo skolebSi evropis istoriisa da memkvidreobis
62
Sesaswavlad. es yvelaferi ki iqneba Semdegi saxis: yvelasaTvis
xelmisawvdomi informaciuli baza saganmanaTleblo masaliT,
romelSic Zieba SesaZlebeli iqneba Tematikis, periodis Tu
adgilmdebareobis mixedviT da erT gakveTilad iqneba warmod-
genili saswavlo TavebSi. masalas eqneba istoriis, memkvidreo-
bisa da geografiis kurikulumebis danamatis saxe da motiva-
cias miscems axalgazrdebs meti Seityon evropis Sesaxeb. am
bazis unikaluroba ki iqneba SesaZlebloba, gakeTdes Sedarebebi
saxelmwifos SigniT Tu gareT da evropis istoria da memkvi-
dreoba danaxul iqnes mravalmxrivi perspeqtiviT. Tavebi age-
bulia Semdegi Temebis irgvliv: „evropis istoriis gardamtexi
momentebi“, „kolonializmi“, „industria da mentaloba“, „migra-
cia“, „globalizacia“ da „yoveldRiuri cxovreba“.
am axali pan-evropuli gamowvevis mizans warmoadgens
imgvari sakiTxebis SerCeva, romlebic inkluziurobasa da mra-
valferovnebas SesZenen istoriul ganaTlebaze muSaobas. axali
Turquli kurikulumi sazogadoeriv disciplinebsa da isto-
riaSi gvTavazobs uamrav saSualebas am axali saSua le bis aqti-
uri gamoyenebisaTvis. inovaciur meTodologiaze dafuZnebuli
saganmanaTleblo masalebi evroklios axali proeqtidan „ev-
ropis gasaRebi–inovaciuri meTodologia Turqul saskolo
istoriaSi“ imedia gamosadegi iqneba evropis warsulisadmi am
axal midgomaSi. aseve vimedovneb, rom istoriis Turqi pedago-
gebisTvis es SesaZlebloba warmoadgens morig nabijs evropaSi
integraciis gzaze.
daskvna
istoriuli ganaTleba evropasa Tu mis gareT mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli saganmanaTleblo da politikur dRis wesrig-
Tan. amJamindel prioritetebs warmoadgens CarTuloba, mraval-
ferovneba, adamianTa uflebebi, garemo da mdgradi ganviTareba.
istoriuli ganaTleba evropaSi Tavisi axali Sinaarsobrivi
arCevaniT Tu inovaciuri meTodologiiT sruliad naTlad
asaxavs am prioritetebs.
istorikosi N1 2011
63
interkulturalizmi da istoriis swavleba
germanuli gamocdileba da xedva
germanul sazogadoebasa da germanul skolebSi interkul-
turuloba realuri faqtia. germaniis zogierT federalur
olqSi migrantTa ojaxebidan gamosuli bavSvebis raodenoba
30% Seadgens, zogierTSi ki 50% aRemateba. germaniis (moz-
rdil) mosaxleobas, normaluri cxovrebisaTvis, aucileblad
Wirdeba ucxoelebTan Segueba. evrokavSiris farglebSi sul
ufro mWidro Tanacxovrebisa da muSaobis faqti moiTxovs
urTierTobas gansxvavebuli eTnikuri Tu kulturuli war-
momavlobis xalxTan. garda amisa, globalizacia ufro metad,
vidre odesme warsulSi, zrdis ucxo kulturaTa Sexvedris
albaTobas. yovelive es xSirad warmoSobs SiSisa da agresiis
grZnobas.
mosaxleobis nawilSi, Cemi azriT, 4 tipis damokidebuleba
SeimCneva:
1. SavkanianTa diskriminacia. rasizmis msxverplni gansa-
kuTrebiT Savkaniani afrikelebi xdebian, rasac safuZveli ko-
lonializmSi eZebneba.
2. islamis siZulvili. es grZnoba gamowveulia Zveli Se-
xed ulebiT aRmosavleTidan SemoWril cxenosan urdoebze, ro-
gorebic iyvnen, magaliTad, hunebi da TaTrebi. mogvianebiT amas
daemata TurqebTan omebi. dRes islamuri terorizmis Zalado-
robert maierirobert maieri
georg ekertis sax. instituti
germania, q. braunSvaigi
64
ba xSirad warmoSobs iracionalur grZnobebs. informacia mus-
limebis mier Cagruli qalebis Sesaxeb Semdgomi negatiuri
Sefasebebis mizezi xdeba.
3. SiSi organizebuli danaSaulis winaSe. igulisxmeba uc-
xo elTa mier Seqmnili bandebi, romlebic yaCaRoben, qurdoben,
Cabmuli arian prostituciasa da narkotikebTanAdakavSirebul
saqmianobaSi.
4. daucvelobis grZnoba, romelic gamowveulia sazogadoe-
baze ucxouri elementebis uzarmazari zegavleniT. uamravi
adamiani misTvis Cveul garemoSi mimdinare didi cvlilebebisa
mowme xdeba da mSobliuri qveynisa da individualobis dakar-
gvis SiSi eufleba.
cnobilia, rom es Sexedulebebi da SiSi seriozul zians
ayenebs saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas.
istoriis maswavleblebi unda daupirispirdnen am saziano
crurwmenebs istoriis swavlebis meSveobiT. am mimarTulebiT
gaweuli mcdelobebi interkulturuli swavlebis cnebas uka-
vSirdeba.
adamianis cxovreba metad xanmoklea saimisod, rom man
SeiZinos eqsperimentuli codna misTvis uCveulo movlenebTan
gamklavebisaTvis. magram istoria gvTavazobs mraval sibrZnes
interkulturuli urTierTobis Sesaxeb. arsebobs uamravi do-
kumenturi masala, romlebic gvaCvenebs, Tu rogor iqmneboda
negatiuri stereotipuli Sexedulebebi ,,sxvebze“, ,,ucxoele-
bze“. stereotipTaA Camoyalibebis gaazreba maTi kontrolis
saSualebas iZleva. Zveli SiSi SeiZleba avxsnaT Sesabamisi
faqtebis mokle da gazviadebul aRweriT da, amgvarad, abso-
luturi ki ara, SefardebiTi mniSvneloba mivaniWoT. SeiZleba
vaCvenoT, Tu ra gadaWarbebuli panikiT xvdebodnen savaraudo
saSiSroebas warsulSi da ra damangreveli Sedegebi mohyveboda
amas. isteriuli reaqcia mudam uadgilod miiCneoda. keTil-
Sobiluri da mSvidi damokidebulebis SemuSaveba sxva kul-
turaTaA mimarT sazogadoebis kulturuli simwifis niSania.
istoria gvTavazobs dadebiTi da uaryofiTi gamocdilebis
istorikosi N1 2011
65
nimuSebs imigrantTa talRebTan dakavSirebiT. SeiZleba naT-
lad warmovidginoT kulturul Tu ekonomikur doneze umci-
resobebis warmatebuli integraciis upiratesoba. amas xSirad
mosdevda axali regionuli identobis Camoyalibeba, rac dRes
simdidred da xalxis siamayis sagnad miiCneva. rogorc wesi,
did sirTules qmnis faqti, roca erovnuli an eTnikuri umci-
resobebi erTmniSvnelovnad aRiqmebian rogorc problema. kri-
tikuli xedvis mqone nebismieri istorikosi upirispirdeba
amgvar damokidebulebas _ umciresobebi maSin qmnian problemas,
roca saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba ar cnobs maT Rirebule-
bebs da, saerTod, kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs maTi arsebobis
uflebas.
warmodgena imis Taobaze, rom mxolod eTnikurad homogen-
uri nacionaluri saxelmwifo SeiZleba iyos srulyofili
da „bunebrivi wesrigis“ Sesabamisi, XIX saukunis bolos war-
moiSva da XX saukuneSi piks miaRwia. igi dResac inarCunebs
garkveuli gavlenas.
is, rac erTi SexedviT bunebrivi Cans, axlo dakvirvebiT,
xelovnuri da ararealuria. ,,eTnikuri siwminde” gamogonili
da warmosaxviTi ideaa, xolo roca igi politikaSi tar-
deba, aucileblad iwvevs arahumanur qmedebebs. advilad war-
movidgenT, rogorc miiyvana eTnikuri erTgvarovnebis dacvam
adamianebi Zaladobriv zomebamde, romlebic upirispirdeboda
normalur ganviTarebas da sakuTari kanonebiT moqmedebda. mo-
swavleebi unda dafiqrdnen am Zaladobriv zomebze da gaiTa-
maSon Sesabamisi situaciebi, magaliTad, qorwinebis akrZalva
sxvadasxa kulturis warmomadgenelTa Soris.
amerikeli sociologi frensisi (francis) aRniSnavda, rom
kulturaTSorisi komunikacia da kontaqtebi sxvadasxva eTni-
kur da religiur jgufebs Soris adamianTa istoriis mTavari
maxasiaTebelia. magram es kavSirebi Zalauflebis gauwonas-
worebel urTierTobaTa farglebSi eqceoda, amitom interkul-
turul komunikacias – magaliTad, sxvadasxva tomis wevrebs
Soris, mogvianebiT jariskacTa da mmarTvelTa da TviT mis-
66
ionerTa da maswavlebelTa Sorisac ki _ met-naklebad Za-
ladobrivi forma hqonda. amgvarad, ucxos aRqma da mis Sesaxeb
arsebuli warmodgenebi xSirad damaxinjebuli iyo. istoriis
Zveli saxelmZRvaneloebi amis uamrav magaliTs gvTavazoben.
aq gavixseneb istoriis erT frangul saxelmZRvanelos, ro-
melic adre gamoiyeneboda afrikul koloniebSi. is iwyeboda
winadadebiT: „Cveni winaprebi, galebi...“
sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis wevrebs Soris interkul-
turuli urTierToba, romelSic Zalauflebis elementebi ar
dominirebda, istoriaSi gamonaklisia. swored es aris „inter-
kulturuli swavlebis“ dRevandel gagebis amosavali.
„interkulturuli swavleba“ ar aris calke saskolo
sagani, aramed es aris principi, romelic yvela sagansa da
swavlebis SinaarsSi unda Caidos. misi mizania waaxalisos
moswavleebi, raTa maT Seimecnon ucxo kultura da Seamowmon
sakuTari pozicia sxvebTan urTierTobaSi, rac urTierTgac v-
las Seuwyobs xels.
istoriis programa cdilobs am princips misdios. amis
magaliTia germaniis Slezvig-holStainis federaluri miwa:
_ saxelmZRvaneloebi Seswavlil unda iqnas maTi eTno-cen-
truli, evrocentruli da monokulturuli Sinaarsis Tval-
sazrisiT. es SezRuduli perspeqtiva gacilebiT farTo Tval-
sawieriT unda Seicvalos.
_ saskolo Temebi unda gamdidrdes magaliTebiT ucxouri
kulturebidan. xazi gaesvas gansxvavebul kulturaTa Soris
arsebul msgavsebas.
_ moswavleebma unda Seiswavlon faqtebi sxva kulturebi-
dan, dainaxon maTi mdidari memkvidreoba da miRwevebi.
_ konkretuli interkulturuli sakiTxebi ar unda iswav-
lebodes rogorc gancalkevebuli patara elementebi, aramed
saxelmZRvaneloebSi maT meti adgili unda daeTmos.
interkulturuli swavlebis meSveobiT SeiZleba miRweul
iqnas Semdegi saganmanaTleblo miznebi:
_ moswavleebi cdiloben dainaxon warsuli sazogadoebebis
istorikosi N1 2011
67
fundamenturi gansxvavebebi. maTTvis cnobili xdeba araevro-
puli kulturebis Zireuli gansxvavebebi, rac aRiqmeba rogorc
adamianTa cxovrebis organizaciis sxva, damoukidebeli forma.
_ moswavleebi unda gaecnon eTnikur mravalferovnebas, ro-
gorc faseulobas, rac win aRudgeba kulturaTa nivelire-
bas. maT unda scadon am faseulobis damkvidreba yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi.
_ moswavleebi tolerantulad aRiqvamen im faqts, rom mra-
valeTnikur sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes gansxvavebuli
kulturuli normebi.
_ moswavleebma ician eTnikuri mravalferovnebis istoriu-
li magaliTebi da SeuZliaT axsnan maTi specifikuri nimuSebi.
_ warsuli ucxo kulturebis Seswavlis gziT, moswavlee-
bi xedaven da upirispirdebian winaswarganwyobebsa da crur-
wmenebs.
_ isini aRar aRiqvamen araevropul kulturebs, rogorc
samxedro an ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT maTze dabla mdgoms.
_ SeuZliaT eTnocentristuli azrebisa da interpreta-
ciebis identificireba.
_ ukeT acnobiereben evrocentristul xedvasa da inter-
pretacias. amaSi maT araevropul identobaTa farTo speqtris
codna exmareba.
_ gaiazreben sxvadasxva kulturas Soris komunikaciis
struqturul siZneleebs.
_ moswavleebi swavloben, rom dialogis procesSi sxva
Tanasworad unda aRiqvan.
_ maTTvis cnobili xdeba sakuTari kulturuli memkvi-
dreoba da normebi.
programa an saxelmZRvanelo ar gvTavazobs interkul-
turuli swavlebis Sesabamis CarCos, Tu:
• aucilebel moTxovnad ar ayenebs sxvaTa gagebas.
• vrclad ar exeba iseT Temebs, rogoricaa migracia, kul-
turuli kontaqtebi, sasazRvro regionebi, integraciasTan da-
kavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
68
• aqcenti ZiriTadad erovnul istoriaze keTdeba.
• evropis sxva qveynebis istorias exeba mxolod saku-
Tari eris istoriasTan mimarTebaSi.
• araevropuli istoria mxolod erovnuli/evropuli
gan vi Tarebis fonadaa warmodgenili.
• ar Seicavs eTnologiisa da kulturis istoriis
aspeqtebs.
• ar misdevs istoriis tradiciul periodizacias anu
drois dayofas antikurobad, Sua saukuneebad, Tanamedrove is-
toriad da uaxles istoriad.
• istoriuli sivrceebi, upirvelesad, gansazRvrulia
erovnuli da eTnikuri kriteriumebiT da ara rogorc mrava-
laspeqtiani urTierTgacvlis arealebi, magaliTad, xmelTaSua-
zRvispireTi an baltiispireTi.
es saswavlo miznebi unda dainergos kurikulumSi, Temebis
klasifikaciisas, avtoriseul teqstebSi, wyaroebsa da ilus-
traciebSi. da bolos, msurs warmogidginoT davalebebisa
da kiTxvebis ramdenime magaliTi amJamad moqmedi germanuli
saxel mZRvaneloebidan, romlebic, Cemi azriT, interkulturuli
cnobierebisa da gagebis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels (me gamovi-
yene saxelmZRvaneloebi: ,,istoriuli eqspedicia“ ,,istoriuli
xana“, ,,epoqis xedva“, ,,anno“ ,,istoria plus“).
1 Tema: ilustracia, romelzec gamosaxulia Cinuri faifuris
mxatvroba, me-16 saukune.
davaleba: dawereT werili, romelSic vaWari aRuwers mego-
bars Cinuri faifuris mSvenierebas.
2 Tema: kultura tradiciasa da Tanamedroveobas Soris.
davaleba: daajgufeT afrikuli kulturis formebi da
SeadareT isini evropuls.
3 Tema: afrikuli xelovneba.
davaleba: ratom aris afrikuli qvis qandakebebi esoden
saintereso evropuli xelovnebisaTvis?
4 Tema: espanelTa mier amerikis dapyroba.
davaleba: warmoidgine Seni Tavi evropelisa da indielis
istorikosi N1 2011
69
adgilas da isaubre meore mxaresTan. ram moitana zewola da
Cagvra da rogor SeiZleboda amis Tavidan acileba? ganixi-
leT, hqondaT Tu ara indielebs rodesme igive uflebebi, rac
TeTrebs?
5 Tema: aRmoCenebis xana.
davaleba: imsjeleT, namdvilad iyvnen Tu ara mkvidri
amerikelebi `velurebi“? ris safuZvelze acxadeben afrikele-
bi, rom evropelebi kanibalebi arian?
6 Tema: samxreT-dasavleT afrika germaniis kolonia xdeba.
davaleba: moifiqre dialogebi, romlebSic herero kolo-
nistebTan saubrobs imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda gakeTdes
saqme. gaiTamaSe gansxvavebuli situaciebi.
7 Tema: afrikuli leqsi burundidan, 1982 w.
davaleba: leqsis safuZvelze ganixileT, Tu ras niSnavs ko-
lonializmi koloniuri qveynebis identobisaTvis.
8 Tema: foto, romelzec gamosaxulia turistebis winaSe
mocekvave zulu.
davaleba: warmoidgine Seni Tavi mocekvaveebisa da turi s-
tebis adgilas. gadmoeci maTi fiqrebi da grZnobebi.
9 Tema: foto, romelzec gamosaxulia 1898 wels CineTSi
germanul koloniur administraciaSi momuSave Cineli poli-
cieli.
davaleba: dawere cindaos navsadgurSi germanelTa samsaxur-
Si myofi Cineli policielis moxseneba mokriveTa ajanyebis
Sesaxeb.
10 Tema: 1853 wels amerikelebma omis gamocxadebis muqariT
aiZules iaponia, gaexsna navsadgurebi.
davaleba: dawere mcire zomis teqsti am movlenis Sesaxeb
1854 wlis a) amerikuli saxelmZRvanelosTvis b) iaponuri
saxelmZRvanelosTvis.
11 Tema: moxseneba petre didis dasavleT evropaSi mogzau-
robis Sesaxeb.
davaleba: dawereT, ras uambobda ojaxis wevrebs imperato-
ris mosamsaxure Sin dabrunebis Semdeg.
70
12 Tema: jvarosnebi, me-13 saukune.
davaleba: warmoidgine Seni Tavi ebraelis adgilas rainlen-
dis regionSi da muslimisa _ ierusalimSi. am poziciebidan
dawere komentarebi jvarosanTa moqmedebebze.
13 Tema: islami da qristianoba.
davaleba: kontaqtebi ucxo kulturasTan SeiZleba aRviq-
vaT, rogorc saSiSroeba, magram, amave dros, rogorc gamraval-
ferovnebis saSualeba. daasaxele kulturuli kontaqtebis
dadebiTi da problemuri mxareebi da Camoayalibe Seni azri.
14 Tema: islami dRes.
davaleba: axseni, ratom SeiZleba daimowmon yurani qalebma
Tanasworuflebianobis moTxovnisas.
15 Tema: Sua saukuneebis warmodgena ebraelTa mier qris-
tiani bavSvis ritualuri mkvlelobis Sesaxeb.
davaleba: ratom sjeroda xalxs aseTi gamonagoni istoriebis?
16 Tema: ebraelTa istoria, me-14 saukune.
davaleba: xar ebraeli vaWari da fiqrob dasaxlde ger-
maniis qalaq SpeierSi. Sen acnobiereb, rom am SemTxvevaSi Sen
qalaqis umciresobis nawili xdebi. ris SegeSindeba? esaubre
ebraels, romelic didi xania germaniaSi cxovrobs da miiRe
gadawyvetileba.
17 Tema: ebraelebi da qristianebi.
davaleba: romeli tipis umciresobebi cxovroben germani-
aSi. ra azrisa xar Sen maTze da rogor Camoyalibda Seni
Sexeduleba? rogor SeiZleba aRmovfxvraT winaswari ganwyo-
bebi da crurwmenebi adamianTa gonebidan?
18 Tema: reformacia, me-16 saukune.
davaleba: gamoarkvie, sad xdeba dResac Zaladobis faqte-
bi religiur niadagze. arsebobs aseTi tipis konfliqtebis
mogvarebis magaliTebi?
19 Tema: germanelTa emigracia amerikaSi.
davaleba: Seadare 1900 wlisaTvis aSS-Si mcxovrebi ger-
maneli emigrantebis da germaniis federaciul respublikaSi
aragermanuli warmoSobis imigrantebis mdgomareoba.
istorikosi N1 2011
71
20 Tema: emigracia amerikaSi me-19 saukuneSi.
davaleba: gamokiTxe skolis moswavleebi, romlebic emi-
grantebi arian.
21 Tema: iZulebiTi muSaxeli nacistur germaniaSi.
davaleba: dawere werili, rogorc yofilma sabWoTa an po-
lonelma iZulebiT momuSavem, romelic germanuli kompaniisgan
iTxovs finansur kompensacias iZulebiTi samuSaosTvis.
22 Tema: foto, romelzec gamosaxulia abano _ calke TeT-
rebisa da calke - SavebisaTvis aSS-Si, 1960 weli.
davaleba: ifiqre, Tu ra SeiZleboda egrZno Savkanian moqa-
laqes am tipis sanitaruli pirobebis mimarT.
23 Tema: amJamad arsebuli problemebi, romelsac ucxoeli
migrantebi awydebian integraciisas.
davaleba: moiZieT informacia, ra mizezis gamo eZeben TavSesa-
fars ucxoelebi germaniaSi. gamoiZie saimigracio samsaxurSi,
romeli mizezebia aRiarebuli maT mier.
24 Tema: Sua aRmosavleTi.
davaleba: moemzade, raTa iTamaSo roli sam jgufTan, is-
raeli-palestinis konfliqtTan dakavSir ebiT. pirve li jgufi
warmoadgens israelis pozicias, meore _ pales tinur mxares,
TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens winadadebebs konfliq tis gada-
saWrelad. mesame jgufi SeimuSavebs da warmoadgens SesaZlo
gadawyvetilebas, romelic miRebul iqneba gareSe (magaliTad,
gaeros) poziciidan.
72
naimexenis gakveTilebi
anu
qarTvel istorikosTa evropuli integracia
2010 wlis 22-28 marts aRmosavleT niderlandebSi mde-
bare uZveles, 2000 wlis qalaq naimexenSi Catarda istoriis
maswavlebelTa evropuli asociaciis ,,evroklios“ meCvidmete
yovelwliuri konferencia, sadac evropis 43 qveynis isto-
riis maswavleblebi da universitetebis profesorebi iyvnen
miwveulni. maT Soris iyo warmomadgenloba sa qa rTvelo dan:
q-ni nana cixisTavi – evroklio/matra-saqarTvelos proeqtis
koor dinatori saqarTveloSi, kavkasiis saerTaSoriso uni-
versitetis profesori, q-ni cira CikvaiZe – saqarTvelos
universite tis profesori, q-ni nino Ciqovani – iv. ja v a-
xiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
pro fe sori da Sorena xecuriani – Tbilisis 42-e sajaro
sko lis maswavlebeli.
konferenciis programa mravalferovani iyo. 23 marts yve-
la monawiles hqonda saSualeba moesmina naimexenis redbau -
mis universitetis profesorTa prezentaciebisaTvis. ZiriTadi
Temebi iyo istoriis swavlebis kriteriumebi da sistemebi
holandiaSi, romlis Semdeg gaimarTa diskusiebi konferen ci is
Sorena xecurianiSorena xecuriani
Tbilisis 42-e sajaro skolis
bilingvuri swavlebis proeqtis
pedagogi
qarTveli istorikosebis saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi
73
monawileTa da prezentatorTa Soris. aqve Catarda parale-
luri sesiebi Temebze: ,,jvarosnebi“, ,,pirveli msoflio omi“,
,, meore msoflio omi“, ,, fotografiis Zala“, ,, civi omi
dasavlur pop-musikaSi“. am striqonebis avtori ,,jvaros nebis“
pre z e ntacias daeswro. es iyo gakveTili, romelic Zalze
sai n te re so da axlismomcveli aRmoCnda CemTvis. prezentaciis
damswre ,,mo s wa vl eebi“ dagvyves xuT jgufad. dagviriges fur-
clebi, sad ac gamosaxuli iyo jvarosnuli laSqrobebis peri-
odis amsa xveli naxatebi da dokumentebi. Cveni pirveli dava-
leba iyo naxatebis dakavSireba wyaroebTan da dokumentebTan,
xolo meore davaleba ki _ am wyaroebis qronologiurad
dawyoba. pre zentatorma aRniSna, rom am Temas sami gakveTili
unda daTmoboda, aqedan ori gakveTili uSualod istoriu-
li masalebis gacnobas, xolo erTi gakveTili aseTi tipis
gakveTilis Catarebas.
leqcia q. naimexenis redbaumis universitetSi
74
guli damwyda, rom Cvens realobaSi am tipis gakveTilebi
TiTqmis ar tardeba da saerTod, istoriis gakveTilebis mod-
elebi sakmaod mwiri gvaqvs. vfiqrob, es gamowveulia CvenSi
istoriis swavlebis meTodikis, rogorc sagnis, ararsebobiT.
es garemoeba mniSvnelovnad asustebs da akninebs Cveni pedago-
gebis profesiuli daostatebis perspeqtivas. marTalia, gana-
Tlebis saministros trenerebi bevrs muSaoben swavlebisadmi
axali midgomebis danergvis TvalsazrisiT, magram es saqmianoba
gaTvlilia zogadadYyvela pedagogze da aqedan gamomdinare,
istoriis sagnisa da istoriis maswavleblis Taviseburebebs
TiTqmis ar iTvaliswinebs.
24 marts monawileebi daviyaviT jgufebad da vewvieT sx-
vadasxva skolebsa da institutebs. me aRmovCndi erT-erT sa-
Sualo skolaSi, sadac daveswari istoriis gakveTils meSvide
klasSi. moswavleebs momzadebuli hqondaT Temebi ebraelTa
holokostis Sesaxeb. Zalian momewona Tanamedrove te q no lo-
giebis gamoyeneba gakveT ilis
msvlelobisas – foto-ma-
salis Cveneba interaqtiur
dafebze da wyaroebis moZie-
ba internetis saSualebiT.
yvela moswavles individu-
alurad hqonda mom zadebuli
mravalferovani masala. es
iyo kargad organizebuli
da mo ukidebeli muSaobis ga-
mo cd ileba bavSvebisaTvis.
isi ni TviTon Seecadnen, moe-
Zieb i naT Sesaferisi wyaroebi,
rac SemdegSi argumentirebu-
li daskvnebis gasakeTeblad
gamoadgebodaT. Ees viziti,
istorikosi N1 2011
gakveTili me-7 klasSi q. naimexenis
saSualo skolaSi
75
marTlac, araCveulebrivi saSualeba iyo, gavc nobodi holan-
diis skolebSi istoriis swavlebis uaxles me To debs.
imave dRes Catarda paraleluri vorkSopebi Temebze: ,,rom-
eli pirovneba an movlena aris ufro mniSvnelovani holan-
diuri demokratiis ganviTarebisTvis?“. ,,inter-komunaluri
kon f liqtebis istoriis swavlebis strategiebi“, ,,pirveli
cifruli biblioTeka evropuli integraciis istoriaSi“, ,,ev-
ropel karikaturistTa mier danaxuli evropa“.
Zalzed saintereso iyo mravalferovani Temebis ganxilva
istoriis swavlebaSi, raSic monawileobas iRebdnen am fo-
rumze evropis sxvadasxva qveynebidan Camosuli istoriis mkv-
levarebi da istoriis maswavleblebi. marTlac, sasargebloa
amgvar SexvedrebSi monawileoba, radgan aq Tavs iyrian evropis
masStabiT yvelaze warmatebuli da saintereso adamianebi. isi-
arqeologiuri park-muzeumi q. santenSi (germania)
76
ni TavianTi maRali profesionalizmiT emsaxurebian saskolo
istoriul ganaTlebas.
Semdegi dRe eqskursiebs daeTmo. monawileebi wagviyv anes
ge r maniis or qalaqSi – santensa da kalkarSi.
kalkari Suasaukuneebis qalaqia, koxta saxlebiT, eklesiebi-
Ta da muzeumebiT. aq SegiZlia datkbe CrdiloeTis evropuli
qalaqis silamaziT.
q. santenSi arqeologiuri park-muzeumi davaTvaliereT. es
iyo romis imperiis germanuli provincia, romelic muzeumad
aris gadaqceuli da ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebzea gaTv-
lili. iq maT SesaZlebloba eZlevaT xeliT Seexon romaelTa
iaraRs, samoss, gaiTamaSon imdroindeli scenebi.Eesec Tavise-
buri skola iyo CvenTvis, vinaidan amgvari aqtivobebi Cveni
mos wa vleebisaTvis, samwuxarod, ar arsebobs. vimedovnebT, rom
momavalSi Cveni bavSvebic SeZleben aseTi xerxebiT gaicnon
isto riuli epoqebi.
26 martis dila kvlav moxsenebebiT daiwyo. gamomsvleleb-
ma warmoadgines Semdegi Temebi: ,,istoria multikulturul
klasebSi“, ,,kulturuli ganaTleba maswavlebelTa gadamza-
debisaTvis dawyebiT skolebSi“, ,,avstraliis erovnuli kuri-
kulumi“ da ,,holokostis gakveTilebi ukrainaSi“. kvlav minda
aqcenti gavakeTo prezentaciebis maRal doneze, informaci-
ulobaze, SemoqmedebiTobaze, rac zogadad damaxasiaTebelia ev-
roklios yvela aqtivobisaTvis.
27 marti, Cveni saqmiani mogzaurobis bolo dRe, q. naimexenis
liberaciisa da samxedro-istoriul muzeumebSi vizitebs dae-
Tmo, sadac meore msoflio omisadmi miZRvnili mravalferovani
masalebia daculi. saocaria is garemoeba, rom eqspozicia
mTlianad warmodgenilia mulaJebiT, video-rgolebiT, xmovani
Canawerebis efeqtebiTa da videofilmebiT, rac mnaxvels namd-
vilad meore msoflio omis viTarebas aRaqmevinebs da droebiT
im saSinel periodsac ganacdevinebs. amas emateba saskolo is-
toriuli ganaTlebisaTvis eqspoziciis didaqtikuri masalebi,
rac Cveuli movlenaa aseTi tipis muzeumebisaTvis dasavleTSi.
istorikosi N1 2011
77
Cveni evropeli kolegebis samuSao pirobebiT aRfrTovaneb-
ulebi da emociebiT datvirTulebi vemSidobebodiT holan-
dia-germanias momavali Sexvedrisa da TanamSromlobis imediT.
didi madloba evroklios, mis aRmasrulebel direqtors qal-
baton ioke van der leu-roords aseTi saintereso da sasarge-
blo gamocdilebis gaziarebisaTvis.P
minaweri: Tavisuflad SeiZleboda am werilis saTauri ase-
Ti yofiliyo ,,oTxi qarTveli alisa saocrebaTa qveyanaSi“.
ioke van der leu-roordi, Sorena xecuriani, nino Ciqovani da cira CikvaiZe
78
nacionalisturi narativi da
interkulturuli istoria axal qarTul
saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi
dasavluri meTodologiuri rekomendaciebi da
maTi adgilobrivi implementacia implementacia
TiTqmis oci welia, rac saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva intensi-
vobiT mimdinareobs saganmanaTleblo sistemis reformirebis
procesi. am xnis ganmavlobaSi, araerTgzis ucdiaT erovnuli
istoriuli narativis gadafaseba da Secvla sxvadasxva saer-
TaSoriso organizaciebidan Tu dasavluri institutebidan
momdinare rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, erTi umniSvnelo-
vanesi sakiTxis Taobaze: rogor unda daiweros `marTebulad~
erovnuli istoria axlad dafuZnebul saxelmwifoSi, romelic
sakuTar momavals dasavleTTan integraciaSi xedavs.
zogadi politikuri miznebisken mimaval gzaze gansakuTre-
bul mniSvnelobas iZens istoriis swavleba skolaSi, Tu ga-
viTvaliswinebT am sagnis gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas axali Tao-
bis identobisa (socialuri, erovnuli) da faseulobaTa sis-
temis CamoyalibebisTvis, Taobisa, romelsac savaraudod mou-
wevs am sanukvar momavalSi cxovreba.
istoriis Tanamedrove Teoria da didaqtika sayovelTa-
od aRiarebs warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis urTierTkavSi-
nino kiRuraZe
iv. javaxiSvilis sax.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis
asocirebuli profesori
mecniereba da ganaTleba
79
ris gagebas. istoriis didaqtikis saxelmZRvanelos erT-er-
Ti cnobli germanuli gamocema ganmartavs, rom `nebismier si-
namdvileSi awmyo, warsuli da momavali, rogorc gamocdileba
da molodinebi, ganuyofladaa urTierTdakavSirebuli. vinaidan
istorikoss saqme aqvs sxvadasxva warsul sinamdvilesTan, mo-
mavali, dakavSirebuli am gansxvavebul istoriul sinamdviles-
Tan, misTvis istoriografiul problemas warmoadgens. am vi-
Tarebis arss gamoxatavs cneba `warsuli momavali~ (kozele-
ki, 1979). warsuli momavlis, rogorc istoriuli problemis
kvleva dakavebulia ara momxdariT, romelic istoriul sinam-
dviles mosdevs droSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, isev istoriuli si-
namdvile iqneboda, aramed imiT, rasac moelian da SiSoben is-
toriul sinamdvileSi mcxovrebi adamianebi~.1 amasTanave, moma-
vali ganixileba rogorc Semecnebis warmmarTveli kategoria:
`istoriis dawera SesaZlebelia mxolod momavlidan gamomdi-
nare, romelic Cvens anticipirebul rwmenas warmoadgens, mxo-
lod iqedan gamomdinare, rac jer ar arsebobs, magram rasac
moveliT da rasac vufrTxiT~.2
istoriis Tanamedrove TeoriisTvis warsuli movlenebis
erToblioba mxolod maSin iqceva istoriad, roca is erT
gansazRvrul Tvisebas SeiZens: kavSirs warsulisa awmyosTan.
istorikosebi TavianTi saqmianobiT gansakuTrebul istoriul
sazriss aniWeben warsuls, imyofebian ra amave dros maTi
Tanamedrove sazogadoebis problemebis zegavlenis qveS.3 aseve,
istoriis didaqtikis TvalsazrisiTac, istoriuli codna, es
upirveles yovlisa, orientaciis momcemi codnaa, romlis Se-
Zenasac praqtikuli mizani aqvs, kerZod, awmyosa da momavalSi
gonivruli qmedebisa da momavlis proeqtis racionaluri ar-
Cevnis uzrunvelyofa.
magram, Tuki istoriis awmyosa da momavalTan mimarTebis ka-
1 Bergmann K., Fröhlich K., Kuhn A., Rüsen J., Schneider J. (Hrsg.). Handbuch der Geschichstdidaktik. 5. Aufl . Hannover, 1997. gv. 12.
2 iqve, gv. 13.
3 Rüsen J. (Ed.) Meaning and Representation in History. Berghahn Books, 2007. gv. 9; Bergmann K. ... dasax. naSr., gv. 45, 250.
80
tegoriebi, rogorc istoriuli mecnieruli azrovnebis kate-
goriebi udavoa da Sesabamisad, absoluturad legitimuri, igi-
ve kategoriebi SesaZloa metad sakamaTo aRmoCndes sazoga-
doebriv-politikuri TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, gamoiTqmis xol-
me safuZvliani eWvebi imis Taobaze, rom awmyosa da momaval-
Tan kavSirSi myofi istoria SesaZlebelia iqces tendenciu-
rad funqcionalizebul da ideologizebul istoriad. swo-
red aq iqmneba mTavari problema. istoriis swavleba zogadsa-
ganmanaTleblo skolaSi xom aramxolod samecniero-didaqti-
kuri sakiTxia, aramed sazogadoebriv-politikuri saqmec. Sesa-
bamisad, esaa sakiTxi, romelic metad faqiz da gaazrebul mi-
dgomas moiTxovs. gasagebia agreTve am sakiTxis mimarT gansa-
kuTrebiT didi interesi saxelmwifos, sxvadasxva saerTaSo-
riso organizaciebisa da arasamTavrobo instituciebis mxri-
dan. saqarTveloSi am TavisTavad rTuli problemis gadawyve-
ta Wirs damatebiT imis gamoc, rom arcTu ise mkafiodaa gamok-
veTili mizani, anu, bundovania momavlis monaxazi. kerZod, erTi
mxriv, qarTulma saxelmwifom sruliad garkveviT gamoacxada
qarTuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kursi dasavluri nimuSis
mixedviT. es deklarirebuli gezi, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs da-
savluri faseulobebis damkvidrebas, samarTlebrivi saxelmwi-
fos mSeneblobas, demokratiis ganviTarebas, adamianis ufleba-
Ta dacvasa da sazogadoebis keTildReobaze zrunvas. magram
meore mxriv, araTanmimdevrulia am mizanTan misaaxloeblad ga-
dadgmuli nabijebi.
es mdgomareoba pirdapir aisaxeba istoriis axal qarTul
reformirebul saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi. saxelmZRvanelo
xom zogadi socio-kulturuli garemos reprezentaciis erT
-erTi formaTagania. Sesabamisad, is SesaZloa metis mTqmeli
iyos qarTuli sazogadoebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobaze, vidre
saqarTvelos istoriul warsulze. bevri maTganis teqsti axa-
li, `vardisferi~ ideologiis monuments warmoadgens. mTavari
`mesiji~, romelic egzavneba qarTul sazogadoebas saxelmZRva -
nelos furclebidan da romelSic mkafiod ikveTeba qarTu-
istorikosi N1 2011
81
li saxelmwifos xma, Semdegnairad ikiTxeba: qarTvelebis axali
Taoba dasavluri kulturis konteqstSi unda `gadaityorc-
nos~, mTlianad unda amoiSalos koleqtiuri istoriuli mex-
sierebidan sabWoTa socio-kulturuli memkvidreoba. am Ziri-
Tadi ideologiuri kursis gatarebas axal saxelmZRvaneloeb-
Si xSirad Tan axlavs Tanamedrove procesebisa (mag.: globali-
zaciis) Tu dasavluri faseulobebis arasrulfasovani gageba.
sxvaTa Soris, ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, amgvarma umwifrobam saq-
misadmi damokidebulebaSi, dasavluri faseulobebis diskredi-
taciac ki gamoiwvia Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoebis cno-
bierebaSi. aqve samwuxarod unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi sa-
xelmZRvanelo, dominik la kaprasgan nasesxebi sityvebiT rom
SevafasoT, antiinteleqtualizmis zRvarze imyofeba.
amrigad, dasavluri da qarTuli zogadsaganmaTleblo sis-
temebis, maT Soris, saskolo swavlebis saxelmwifo stan-
dartebis (erovnuli saswavlo gegma), dagegmili `Tiuningis~
nacvlad, Sedegad miviReT is, rom axali Taobis qarTul isto-
riis saxelmZRvaneloTa umetesoba araTu dauaxlovda, aramed
piriqiT, daSorda dasavlur rekomendaciebs, ascda maT mier da-
saxul gezss.
mainc ras urCevda dasavleTi saqarTvelos `warsulis da-
saZlevad~, tolerantobis aRsazrdelad da ra saxiT moxda am
rCevebis implementireba axal qarTul istoriis saxelmZRva-
neloebSi?
am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad Tavdapirvelad saWiroa ga-
movkveToT sxvadasxva dasavlur dokumentebSi mocemuli fu-
Zemdebluri Tezisebi. aseve, aucilebelia moviyvanoT saxasia-
To magaliTebi qarTuli saxelmZRvaneloebidan, rogorc pozi-
tiuri, ise negatiuri, romlebic metyveleben dasavluri do-
kumentebis ZiriTadi debulebebis implementaciis adekvaturo-
bis xarisxze.
dasavleli eqspertebi yvelaze xSirad akritikebdnen sa-
bWoTa saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Semdeg niSan -
Tvisebebs:
82
• gadaWarbebuli ideologizirebuloba (aRsaniSnavia, rom es
xarvezi, yvelaze advilad aRmosafxvreli, daZleul iqna
ganaTlebis reformis pirvel etapze. pirveli Taobis sa-
xelmZRvaneloebi gaTavisuflda sabWoTa ideologiisagan);
• codnis gadmocemis xerxi;
• politikuri da saxelmwifoebriobis istoriis dominireba
saswavlo programebSi (nacionalisturi narativi nawilo-
briv, Tumca arasakmarisad, gadaixeda meore Taobis saxelm-
ZRvaneloebSi);
• yuradRebis koncentrireba upiratesad movlenebsa da pi-
rovnebebze;
• istoriis swavlebis ageba ZiriTadad erovnuli istoriis
qronologiasa da Sinaarsze;
• erovnuli istoriis gadmocema ZiriTadi erovnuli jgu-
fis, rogorc kulturulad da lingvisturad dominanti
sazogadoebrivi jgufis gadmosaxedidan, saerTo-erovnuli
istoriis am dominanti jgufis istoriasTan gaigiveba (eT-
nocentrizmi).
dasavleli eqspertebi dabejiTebiT gvirCevdnen agreTve
gavTavisuflebuliyaviT axlad warmoqmnili saxelmwifoebis
erovnuli istoriuli narativisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli miTebi-
sagan. ZiriTadad gamoyofdnen oTxi saxis miTs (aleida asmanis
klasifikaciiT)1: miTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb (rogorc wesi,
gansakuTrebuli, keTilSobili warmomavlobisa), miTi rCeulo-
bisa da gansakuTrebuli misiis Sesaxeb, miTi mravaltanju-
lobisa da usamarTlo Zaladobis msxverplad yofnis Sesa-
xeb (viqtimizacia, miTi, romelic moraluri upiratesobis gan-
cdas qmnis) da `oqros xanis~ miTi. imis dasadastureblad ki,
rom SesaZlebelia Serigebis miRweva odesRac dapirispire-
bul mxareebs Soris, istoriis swavlebis marTebuli meTodis
SerCeviT, dasavleli eqspertebi xSirad iSvelieben xolme me-
ore msoflio omis Semdgomi evropis gamocdilebas `warsu-
1 Assmann, Aleida. Checklist for the Georgian National Narrative. White Paper Prepared for the Georgian Ministry of Education. Based on the Working Meeting „Negotiating a New National Narrative in Georgia“. Bellagio, August 2005. gv. 5-7.
istorikosi N1 2011
83
lis gadalaxvis~ saqmeSi. kerZod, mohyavT germanul-franguli
da germanul-polonuri istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnis
warmatebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis magaliTebi (ukanask-
neli proeqtis warmateba ukavSirdeba vili brandtis aRmosa-
vleTis politikas).
istoriis swavlebis dasavlur rekomendaciebSi mniSvnelo-
vani adgili eTmoba agreTve tolerantobis aRzrdis auci-
leblobas postkonfliqtur da TviT konfliqtis mdgomare-
obaSi myof regionebSic ki. am rekomendaciebSi miznis miRwe-
vis meTodologiur xerxad interkulturuli istoriis swa-
vleba da multiperspeqtiuloba saxeldeba. ukanasknelma, Ta-
vis mxriv, xeli unda Seuwyos kritikuli azrovnebis Camoya-
libeba-ganviTarebas.
ra aris multiperspeqtiuloba? yvelaze martivi ganmar-
teba ekuTvnis ana lou-birs: multiperspeqtiuloba esaa `is-
toriul movlenebSi garkveva sxvadasxva gadmosaxedidan (per-
speqtividan)~1 (maT Soris sxvadasxva socialuri, eTnikuri
Tu genderuli jgufebis poziciidan). multiperspeqtiulo-
ba niSnavs agreTve Tezisis gaziarebas, rom arsebobs sakuTa-
ri msofl mxedvelobisgan gansxvavebuli sxva warmodgenebic
da rom isini imdenadve marTlzomieri da unikaluria, rogorc
sa kuTari. multiperspeqtiuloba esaa survili `sxvis tyavSi
CaZromis~, samyaros sxvisi TvalebiT danaxvisa da `ucxos~ em-
fatikuri gagebis.
rogor iqna aRqmuli multiperspeqtiuloba qarTvel re-
formatorTa mier? magaliTad, erT-erTi qarTveli eqsperti,
renomirebuli rogorc ,,Western trained“, multiperspeqtiul
midgomas miiCnevs istoriis axali saxelmZRvaneloebis umniS-
vnelovanes miRwevad da maT upiratesobad Zvel saxelmZRvane-
loebTan SedarebiT. magram, amis dasadastureblad mohyavs ru-
tinuli magaliTi, romelic asaxulia istoriis yvela qarTul
saxelmZRvaneloSi im droidan moyolebuli, rac qarTvelma is-
torikosebma aiTvises jer kidev XIX saukuneSi damkvidrebuli
1 cit.: Страдлинг, Роберт. Многоперспeктивный подход в преподавании истории. Пособие для учителей. Страсбург, 2003, gv. 7.
84
wyaroebis kritikis meTodi. kerZod, saubaria oTx sayovelTa-
od cnobil wyaroze didgoris brZolis Sesaxeb.1 vfiqrob, aq
zedmetia imis ganmarteba, Tu ratom ver gamodgeba es magali-
Ti multiperspeqtiuli midgomis nimuSad.
meore xerxi, romelic SemoTavazebulia dasavlur rekomen-
daciebSi tolerantobis aRsazrdelad da Serigebis misaRwevad,
aris interkulturuli istoriis swavleba. rogor SeiZleba
aviciloT Tavidan nacionalisturi midrekilebebi erovnul
istoriul narativSi, saxelmwifo saswavlo standartebSi in-
terkulturuli istoriis CarTviT?2
evropis sabWos mier miRebuli erT-erTi dokumenti amis
Sesaxeb ambobs: `XXI saukuneSi istoriis swavlebis Taobaze
ministrTa sabWos rekomendaciaSi (2001 wlisa) xazgasmulia
informaciis kritikuli analizisa da interpretaciis inte-
leqtualuri unaris ganviTarebis aucilebloba moswavleebSi,
aseve maTSi pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis aRzrda dialogis, is-
toriuli mtkicebulebebis moZiebisa da winaaRmdegobriv da
mgZr nobiare sakiTxebze multiperspeqtiulobaze dafuZnebu-
li Ria debatebis gziT. istoriis swavlebas aqvs instrumen-
tuli funqcia holokostis, genocidisa da adamianurobis wi-
naSe Cadenil sxva danaSaulebaTa, eTnikuri wmendisa Tu adamia-
nis uflebebis masobrivi darRvevis ganmeorebis an gadafasebis
1HHistory Teaching in Georgia: Representation of Minorities in Georgian History Textbooks. CIMERA. Jeneva, 2007. gv. 13.
2 Tavis droze msgavsi problemis winaSe aRmoCnda SeerTebuli State-
bic. 1995 wels, los-anjelesSi, kaliforniis skolebsa da universiteteb-
Si istoriis swavlebis nacionaluri centris mier miRebul iqna aSS-is da
msoflio istoriis swavlebis nacionaluri (saxelmwifo) standarti. es
dokumenti uars ambobda unificirebuli eris cnebaze da aqcents akeTebda
eTnikuri kulturebis pluralizmze, umciresobaTa da qalebis rolze isto-
riaSi, aseve yuradRebas amaxvilebda midgomaze, romelic globaluri inter-
kulturuli Sedarebebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda. axali standartebi kon-
servatulad ganwyobil istorikosTa mwvave kritikis obieqtad iqca. SemTx-
veviTi araa, rom axali standartebis kritikosTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze
radikaluri iyo humanitarul mecnierebaTa xelSewyobis nacionaluri fon-
dis Tavmjdomare lin Ceini, aSS-is yofili vice-prezidentis, riCard Ceinis
meuRle (Iggers G.G. and Wang Q.T. (Eds). A Global History of Modern Historiogra-phy. UK, Pearson Education Ltd., 2008. gv. 380).
istorikosi N1 2011
85
prevenciis saqmeSi. istoriis swavleba warmoadgens warsulis
Wrilobebis moSuSebisa da im fundamenturi faseulobebis po-
pularizaciis umniSvnelovanes instruments, romlebsac ganu-
xrelad icavs evropis sabWo.
istoriis swavleba ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens Se-
rigebis, adamianebs Soris urTierTgagebisa da urTierTndobis
miRwevis saqmeSi. istoriis swavlebas demokratiul evropaSi
unda ekavos mniSvnelovani adgili pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT
aRsavse da aqtiuri moqalaqeebis aRzrdis saqmeSi, agreTve ne-
bismieri gansxvavebis mimarT erovnuli identobis gagebasa da
tolerantobis principebze dafuZnebuli pativiscemis grZno-
bis Camoyalibebis procesSi.
istoriis swavleba ar unda iyos ideologiuri manipuli-
rebis, propagandis instrumenti an gamoiyenebodes ultranaci-
onalisturi, qsenofoburi, rasistuli Tu antisemituri idee-
bis gasavrceleblad ...
istoriis swavlebam xeli unda Seuwyos winaswarganwyobi-
sa da stereotipebis daZlevas saswavlo programebSi (kur-
sebSi) sxvadasxva qveynebis, gansxvavebuli religiebisa da fi-
losofiuri skolebis (evropuli) pozitiuri urTierTgavle-
nis asaxvis gziT, aseve, istoriis borotad gamoyenebis (fal-
sifikacia ideologiuri miznebiT) sakiTxis kritikulad Ses-
wavlis gziT~.1
evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleam da adamianis ufle-
baTa evropulma sasamarTlom moiwones es dokumenti. isto-
riis swavlebis prioritetul mimarTulebebad, romelTac meti
yuradReba unda daeTmos saskolo programebSi, gamoiyo reli-
giuri sakiTxebi, interkulturuli istoria da aseve, arafor-
maluri swavleba.2
ramdenadaa gaTvaliswinebuli evropis sabWos rekomenda-
ciebi meore Taobis qarTul reformirebul saxelmZRvaneloeb-
Si (`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg SemuSavebuli axali saxel-
1MMinisters’ Deputies CM Documents. 118th Session of the Committee of Minis-ters (Strasbourg, 7 May 2008). White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue. gv. 16.
2 iqve, gv. 17.
86
mwifo standartebis safuZvelze Seqmnil saxelmZRvaneloebSi)
da rogor pasuxoben isini XXI saukuneSi istoriis swavle-
bis Taobaze ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciaSi wamoyenebul
mniSvnelovan sakiTxs `winaaRmdegobrivi da mgrZnobiare~ saki-
Txebisadmi istoriul-didaqtikuri midgomis Sesaxeb?
meore Taobis istoriis qarTul saxelmZRvaneloebSi moi-
Zebneba am problemebis rogorc swori, ise araswori gadawyve-
tis magaliTebi.
negatiur magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos upirveles yo-
vlisa is, rom saxelmZRvaneloebi amgvar problematur sa-
kiTxebs ki ar arkveven, aramed arc ki svamen gansaxilvelad.
am rigis sakiTxebi ubralod gamqralia saxelmZRvaneloebi-
dan. magaliTad, erT-erT saxelmZRvaneloSi saerTod arafe-
ria naTqvami sabWoTa kulturaze, sabWoTa sazogadoebis cxo-
vrebis wesze an bolosdabolos disidentebze mainc. amis na-
cvlad is gvTavazobs ekleqturad SerCeul informacias miRe-
buls, ZiriTadad arcTu ise sando eleqtronuli resursebidan
da maT safuZvelze TavSi `Tanamedrove sazogadoeba~ mogvi-
Txrobs mxoloddamxolod bitnikebze, pankebze, metalistebze
da a.S.1 mar Tlac rom `Tineijeruli~ midgomaa! aqve unda Sev-
niSnoT, rom es Tavi aseve arafris mTqmelia, damabnevelic ki,
Tanamedrove dasavluri sazogadoebis gagebis msurvelTaTvis.
Tuki es SeiZleba aRqmul iqnas `travmatuli warsulis
daZlevis~ gzis Ziebad, rac TavisTavad Znelad warmosadgenia,
maSin am gzebis maZieblebisTvis umjobesi iqneboda isev da-
savluri rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, miemarTaT germaniis
magaliTisTvis, sadac saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi weren ro-
gorc nacisturi reJimis danaSaulebebis, ise qveynis SigniT
reJimisTvis gaweuli winaaRmdegobis Sesaxeb.
1 samagierod, imave saxelmZRvaneloSi Seusabamod da gaumarTleblad
didi adgili eTmoba afrikis istorias. erTaderTi axsna, romelic am ukanas-
knel faqts SeiZleba moeZebnos aris is, rom afrikis istoriis esoden far-
Tod gaSuqebis idea, rogorc Cans, nasazrdoebia romeliRac britanuli sa-
xelmZRvanelodan, sadac saswavlo programaSi britaneTis yofili koloni-
uri samflobeloebis istoriis CarTviT ucdiaT interkulturuli swavle-
bis sakiTxis gadawyveta.
istorikosi N1 2011
87
imave saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia kategoriulad cal-
mxrivi Sefaseba samoqalaqo omisa, romelic saqarTvelom gada-
itana uaxloes warsulSi. erTi fraziT, _ ̀ opoziciam rusuli
armiis daxmarebiT daamxo kanonieri mTavroba~, saxelmZRvanelo
ar utovebs moswavleebs mcired Sanssac ki gaerkvan qarTuli
sazogadoebis mTavar dramaSi, romlis Sedegebsac mtkivneulad
ganicdian Tavad dRevandeli moswavleebi. igive damokidebule-
ba mJRavndeba eTnokonfliqtebis mimarTac. afxazebi da osebi
iwodebian mxoloddamxolod eqstremistebad, Tumca iqve moce-
mulia saSinao davaleba Temaze: ̀ tolerantoba _ mSvidobis ga-
rantia~ da `Tanaarsebobis realuri gza~. rogorc Cans, es da-
savleli eqspertebisTvis gadaxdili erTgvari xarkia.
magram axali Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebSi moxda pozitiuri
cvlilebebic tolerantobis aRzrdisa da istoriis swavleba-
Si interkulturulobis Semotanis mxriv. magaliTad, erT -erT
maTganSi tolerantobis sakiTxi ganixileba Zveli imperiebis
magaliTze, didi yuradReba eTmoba islamsa da islamur kul-
turas. iqve Tematizirebulia Tbilisis saqalaqo cxovreba,
romelic naCvenebia istoriul ganviTarebaSi Tbilisis saami-
rodan moyolebuli (ukanaskneli Tema gansakuTrebiT Sedegi s
momtania zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT) da es mxolod ram-
denime magaliTia.
dabolos, daskvnis saxiT, gvinda gamovkveToT ZiriTadi mo-
sazrebebi mTavar sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, _ rogor mivaRwioT
Serigebasa da tolerantuli damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas
da ra rols TamaSobs am saqmeSi istoriis swavleba skolaSi.
1. aucilebelia mkafiod gamokveTili miznis, momavlis mona-
xazis arseboba, radgan mxolod am miznidan gamomdinare SeiZle-
ba istoriis wera da misi swavlebis strategiis SemuSaveba;
2. Tuki mizani marTlac naTladaa gansazRvruli, maSin prob-
lemis gadaWris xerxi SeiZleba iyos multiperspeqtiuli mi-
dgomisa da interkulturuli istoriis swavlebis danergva;
3. rac mTavaria, dauSvebelia mwvave sakiTxebisTvis gver-
dis avla da piriqiT, aucilebelia yvela `winaaRmdegobrivi da
88
mgrZnobiare sakiTxis~ ganxilva racionalurad argumentire-
buli debatebis gziT da mozard TaobaSi am sakiTxebisadmi sa-
kuTari damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba.
gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. Assmann, A. Checklist for the Georgian National Narrative. Whi-te Paper Prepared for the Georgian Ministry of Education. Based on the Working Meeting „Negotiating a New National Narrative in Georgia“. Bellagio, August 2005.
2. Ergmann K., Fröhlich K., Kuhn A., Rüsen J., Schneider J. (Hrsg.). Handbuch der Geschichstdidaktik. 5. Aufl . Hannover, 1997.
3. History Teaching in Georgia: Representation of Minorities in Georgian History Textbooks. CIMERA. Geneva, 2007.
4. Iggers G.G. and Wang Q.T. (Eds). A Global History of Modern Historiography. UK, Pearson Education Ltd., 2008.
5. Ministers’ Deputies CM Documents. 118th Session of the Com-mittee of Ministers (Strasbourg, 7 May 2008). White Paper on In-tercultural Dialogue.
6. Rüsen J. (Ed.) Meaning and Representation in History. Berghahn Books, 2007.
7. Страдлинг, Роберт. Многоперспeктивный подход в препо-давании истории. Пособие для учителей. Страсбург, 2003.
istorikosi N1 2011
89
saistorio kvlevis ganviTareba
saqarTveloSi – ra aris saWiro
(seminaris mokle mimoxilva)
ilias saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetSi 2010 wlis 26
aprils Catarda samuSao Sexvedra Temaze: saistorio kvlevis
ganviTareba saqarTveloSi – ra aris saWiro? seminars araerTi
dargis specialisti eswreboda. maT Soris iyvnen, rogorc
ucxo elebi, aseve adgilobrivi umaRlesi ganaTlebis centrebis
warmomadgenlebi: ilias saxelmwifo universitetidan, iv. ja-
vaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisi saxelmwifo universitetidan
da a.S.
seminari Catarda Sveicaria-kavkasiis akademiuri qselis –
AAACADEMIC SWISS CAUCASUS NET (ASCN) egidiT. aRniS-nuli programis koordinatori gaxldaT denis dafloni, baze-
lis (Sveicaria) universitets warmoadgenda doqtori jeronim
peroviCi, xolo ilias saxelmwifo universitets – prof. giga
zedania.
proeqtis mizani qarTuli istoriografiis ZiriTadi ten-
denciebis gansazRvra da specifikur problemebze msjelo-
ba iyo. ganixileboda saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis roli,
aRniSnuli problemebis ganxilvasa da gadaWraSi. seminaris
saerTaSoriso formatis gaTvaliswinebiT, ZiriTadi samuSao
ena iyo inglisuri, aseve rig SemTxvevebSi, rusuli.
leri TavaZe
istoriis magistri,
iv. javaxiSvilis sax.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
90
sxdoma gaxsna doqtorma oliver raisnerma, romelmac isau-
bra saqarTveloSi Tanamedrove istoriuli mecnierebis ganvi-
Tarebaze da am dargis Camoyalibebaze, romelSic didi roli
ivane javaxiSvilma iTamaSa. swored javaxiSvilis saxels uka-
vSirdeba saqarTveloSi nacionaluri istoriis kvleva, romlis
fuZemdebladac raisners aRniSnuli mkvlevari miaCnia. sabWoTa
periodis saqarTveloSi nacionalur istorias marqsistuli
ideologiiT gajerebuli istoria upirispirdeba. sabolood,
saqarTveloSi nacionaluri istoriis kvlevis tendencia imar-
jvebs, xolo yvela is Tvisebrivi miRwevebi, romelic am xnis
ganmavlobaSi hqonda evropul istoriografias, saqarTveloSi
ar dainerga. raisnerma xazi gausva saqarTveloSi samecniero
kritikis naklebobas, rasac socialuri axsna mouZebna. kriti-
kis skolis faqtobrivad erTaderT warmomadgenlad is guram
yoranaSvils asaxelebs.
post-sabWouri istoriografiis kritikuli ganxilvis
mcde l oba warmogvidgina prof. giorgi anCabaZem. misi az-
riT, miuxedavad imisa, rom sabWoTa istoriografia mkacrad
iyo ideologizirebuli, is mainc axerxebda (antikuri da
Sua saukuneebis magaliTze) rig SemTxvevebSi Tavi daeRwia
mkacri SezRudvebisTvis da miukerZoebeli samecniero sti-
li daecva. misive TqmiT, amis gakeTeba TiTqmis SeuZlebeli
iyo me-19-20 ss. saqarTvelos istoriis werisas, ris gamoc
qarTul istoriografiaSi ufro antikuri da medievisti-
kis sakiTxebis kvleva ganviTarda, sadac warmatebebi mniS-
vnelovani iyo. momxseneblis azriT, me-19-20 ss. istorias
jerovani yuradReba Tanamedrove etapze mieqca da am kuTxiT
dResac bevri iqmneba.
Semdegi gamomsvleli iyo prof. beJan javaxia, medievis-
ti (bizantinologi) Tsu-dan. misi gamosvla bundovani iyo
leqsikuri da stilisturi TvalsazrisiT da exeboda dasav-
luri istoriografiaSi gavrcelebuli tendenciebis daner-
gvis aucileblobas saqarTveloSi. magaliTad moyvanili iyo
analebis skola.
istorikosi N1 2011
91
Tsu-s prof. Tedo dundua mokled Seexo im problemebs,
romlebic saqarTveloSi idga sabWoTa epoqaSi, daeTanxma ra
g. anCabaZis gamosvlas Tavis mxriv aRniSna, rom qarTuli
istoriografia, miuxedavad marqsistuli cenzurisa, yovel-
Tvis cdilobda saqarTvelos istoria saerTo evropul kon-
teqstSi ganexila. aRniSnulis magaliTi mravalia qarTul
antikur kvlevebsa Tu medievistikaSi. manve mianiSna im prob-
lemebze, romlebic dRemde aqtualuria qarTul istoriogra-
fiaSi. es ZiriTadad Seexeba msoflio istoriis kvlevas, ase
mag: miuxedavad bizantinologiis, rogorc damxmare dargis,
mniSvnelobisa saqarTvelos istoriis SeswavlaSi, am sferos
seriozulad mxolod filologebi ikvleven. es maSin, rode-
sac maT mier Targmnil wyaroebsa da specifikur masalas
Sesabamisi specialistebi (istorikosebi) aklia, raTa maTi
Seswavla safuZvlianad moxdes. T. dunduam xazi gausva im
dadebiT tendenciebs, rac gakeTda regionaluri integraci-
is sferoSi, sadac Savi zRvis auzis qveynebisTvis gamovida,
saxel mZRvanelo aRniSnuli sivrcis istoriisa da kultu-
ris Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso red. kolegiiTa da avtorobiT.
wigni SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo Savi
zRvis regionis SeswavliT dainteresebuli studentebisT-
vis. analogiuri saxelmZRvanelos idea kavkasiis regionisT-
vis Cavarda eTnikuri SuRlis niadagze.
momdevno gamomsvleli iyo Tsu-s prof. mariam CxartiSvili,
romelmac sainteresod warmoadgina sakuTari moxseneba sten-
duri saxiT. xazi gausva im problemebs, romelic Seqmnilia
qarTul akademiur wreebSi. misi TqmiT, Zveli droisgan gan-
sxvavebiT dRevandel etapze mwiria samecniero koordinacia
qveynis SigniT arsebul akademiur struqturebs Soris, rac
ar uwyobs xels mecnieruli kvlevebis jansaRad warmarT-
vas. man aseve wuxili gamoTqva, imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos
istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti da aseve sxva akademi-
uri dawesebulebebi arian pasiurni damkvidrebuli konceptua-
luri midgomebis gadaxedvis aspeqtiT. m. CxartiSvilma aseve
92
ganacxada, rom is awarmoebs erovnuli identobis kvlevebs,
riskenac gadadgmuli erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo en-
toni smitis monografiis Targmna. amave sakiTxebze gamoica
misi ramdenime monografiac, maT Soris erTi inglisurenovani.
problemis aqtualobisa da axali midgomebis damkvidrebis
mcdelobis miuxedavad, misi TqmiT nacionaluri identobis
kvlevebs Wirdeba meti finansuri da akademiuri mxardaWera
saqarTveloSi arsebuli samecniero jgufebisa Tu fondebis
mxridan.
Semdegi gamomsvleli iyo doqtori Tamila mgalobliSvili,
romelic Seexo Tanamedrove akademiuri tendenciebis ganxil-
vas istoriografiaSi. misi azriT, saWiroa met specifikur
codnaze orientirebuli swavlulebis momzadeba da empiriuli
Semecnebis gamravalferovneba akademiur wreebSi.
guram yifianis moxseneba mokled Seexo im ZiriTad prob-
lemebs, romelic qarTul istoriografias awuxebda sabWoTa
epoqaSi. is aseve daeTanxma sxva gamomsvlelebs sabWoTa isto-
riografiaSi gabatonebuli marqsistuli ideologiuri wnexis
Sesaxeb gamoTqmul SefasebebSi. aRniSnulis daZleva misi TqmiT,
SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg.
Tsu-s profesoris nino Ciqovanis gamosvlaSi xazi gaesva
komparativistuli kvlevebis aucileblobas saqarTveloSi,
romelic momxseneblis azriT naklebad gamoiyeneboda qa-
rTul istoriografiaSi, rogorc adre, aseve Tanamedrove
etapze. aRniSnulma gancxadebam mwvave kamaTic ki warmoqmna
seminaris monawileTa Soris. aRniSnulis komentirebisas T.
dunduam ganacxada, rom komparativistika anu SedarebiTi
analizis meTodi erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli kvlevis
formaa iyo qarTul istoriografiaSi. amas ar daeTanxma n.
Ciqovani, Tumca konkretuli magaliTebis moyvanisgan, Tu
romeli avtoris mecnierul naSromSi ar iqna gamoyenebuli
aRniSnuli meTodi, man Tavi Seikava – dasaxelda mxolod
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi (rva tomi), romelic av-
torTa koleqtivis mier aris Seqmnili, moicavs mTlianad
istorikosi N1 2011
93
saqarTvelos istorias da ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc
samecniero kvleva.1
informaciis Tavisuflebis ganviTarebis institutis di-
reqtoris giorgi kldiaSvilis sityva Seexo arqivebis mdgo-
mareobas saqarTveloSi. momxseneblis azriT, qveyanaSi arsebu-
li arqivebis mZime mdgomareoba, misi gadarCenis perspeqtivebi
da daintereseba saarqivo saqmisadmi ganelebulia. es prob-
lema gadaWras saWiroebs. aRniSnulma Temam didi interesi
gamoiwvia da iqve aRiniSna, rom daintereseba saarqivo saqmis-
admi didia, Tumca es exeba, ZiriTadad feoda luri epoqisa da
me-19 da me-20 s. dasawyisis masalebs.
prof. nino kiRuraZem Tavis gamosvlaSi gamohyo qarTuli
istoriografiis zogadi problemebi da saqarTveloSi is-
toriis kvlevebisa da istoriis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis
ZiriTadi gzebi. man xazi gausva saerTaSoriso TanamSrom-
lobis aucileblobas istoriis Teoriisa da meTodologiis
dargSi, dasavluri istoriuli azrisa da istoriuli kvlevis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis qarTuli samecniero sazogadoebis-
Tvis ukeTesad gacnobis mizniT.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom msgavsi seminarebis
gamarTva mowodebulia istoriis, rogorc mecnierebis, ganviTa-
rebis xelSewyobisa da axali ideebis danergvisken. migvaCnia,
rom adgilobrivi da ucxoeli mkvlevarebis amgvari profe-
siuli urTierTobebi mravali saintereso proeqtis dasabami
gaxdeba.
1 Cvenis mxriv unda SevniSnoT, rom saqarTvelos istoriis narkveve-
bi (rva tomi), warmoadgens im mecnierul kvlevebze dafuZnebul monogra-
fiaTa kompilacias, romlis mizanic iyo metnaklebad warmoeCina saqarTve-
los istoriis kvlevaSi miRweuli Sedegebis saerTo suraTi da ara uSua-
lod kvleva. amasTan pirvel oTx toms hqonda da dRemde (2010 weli) aqvs
erTgvari saxelmZRvanelos funqciac. Tumca aqve isic aRsaniSnavia, rom maga-
liTad narkvevebis pirvel tomSi (saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. I tomi,
red. g. meliqiSvili, „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“, Tbilisi, 1970) wamodgenilia
samecniero kvlevac da gamoyenebulia komparativistuli meTodic (mag. akad.
giorgi meliqiSvilis avtorobiT Seqmnili statiebi).
94
saqarTvelosa da niderlandebis
urTierTobis saTaveebTan
saqarTvelos ur TierToba dasavleT evropis nebismier qvey-
anasTan sainteresoc aris da sasargebloc, magram unda iTqvas,
rom TviT es qveynebic sakmaod seriozulad arian daintereseb-
ulni CveniT. amis mizezia saqarTvelos ara marto geostrate-
giuli perspeqtiva, aramed saukuneebis siRrmidan momdinare
misi kulturac.
niderlandebi dasavleT evropis erTi patara saxelmwifoa.
misi teritoria farTobiT TiTqmis orjer Camouvardeba sa-
qar T velos, magram ekonomikuri ganviTarebis doniT msoflios
mowinave qveynebis rigSia. winamdebare publikacia swored am
saxelmwifosTan Cveni qveynis urTierTobebs warmoaCens.
holandiasa da saqarTvelos arasdros hqoniaT mWidro
politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli urTierTobebi, Tum-
ca am or qveyanas Soris kontaqtebi saTaves jer kidev Soreul
istoriul warsulSi iRebs. am problemis kvlevisas uTuod
ver avuvliT gverds ruseTis pirveli imperatoris – petre
I-is ,,did elCobas~ dasavleT evropaSi. erTi SexedviT, es iyo
ruseTis axalgazrda, niWieri da energiuli mefis mcdeloba,
ziareboda dasavleT evropis kulturas da, rac mTavaria, mis
samecniero-teqnikur Tu teqnologiur miRwevebs, magram es
mxolod erTi SexedviT.
giorgi kiknaZe
istoriis doqtori,
Zveli msoflios istoriis
saxelmZRvanelos Tanaavtori
istorikosi N1 2011
95
cnobilia, rom petre I-s mraval TanamoazresTan erTad ev-
ropaSi Tan axlda aleqsandre arCilis Ze bagrationic. maT
megobrobasa da urTierTobaze bevri dawerila da Tqmula,
magram am SemTxvevaSi Cven erTi metad mniSvnelovani momenti
gvainteresebs aleqsandre batoniSvilis moRvaweobidan.
aleqsandre batoniSvili saartilerio saqmis Seswavlas
pet resTan erTad jer kidev 1797 w. maisidan Seudga kenigs-
bergSi, vice-polkovnikis Seiner fon Stenferldis xelmZRvan-
elobiT. agvistoSi ki am saqmis srulyofis mizniT, holandias
gaemgzavra. 31 agvistos petre Tavad Tevdore iuris Ze roma-
novisadmi gagzavnil baraTSi CamoTvlida ra, romeli volon-
teri sad da ra saqmeze iyo gamwesebuli, werda: ,,aleqsandre
arCilovi gaemgzavra haagas bombardirebis Sesaswavlad (1,200).
aleqsandre batoniSvilis moRvaweobidan naTlad Cans, rom
saartilerio saqmis Seswavla ar iyo misi erTaderTi mizani.
igi uwinares yovlisa, holandielebs gaecno, rogorc qarTveli
ufliswuli, rogorc saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli da cdi-
lobda politikuri urT i erTobebi daemyarebina maT Tan. mas
yuradReba, Turme, naci o naluri samosiTac miuqcevia, romelsac
evropelebi SecdomiT sparsuls uwodeb dnen (2, 100).
holandielebi moixsenieb dnen mas rogorc qarTvel Ta v ads
aleqsandre bagrati ons. igi didi pativiT sargeblobda holan-
diel didkacTa, komersantTa da mecni erTa wr e Si. cnobilma
zaand amelma nego ciantma mienert arendezoon bliumma, qarT-
vel ufliswuls, zaandamSi yofnisas, Tavisi mdidruli sasax-
le dauTmo vrceli xexilis baRiT. amasTan, bliumi marTavda
wveulebebs gamoCenili stumrebis pativsacemad. aq qarTvel
ufliswuls gaecno cnobili holandieli mecnieri, amsterda-
mis burgomistri nikolo korneli vitzeni, romelic Semdeg
ramdenjerme estumra aleqsandres Sin. isini didxans esaubre-
bodnen erTmaneTs saqarTvelosa da CerqezeTis ambebze. aqve
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom swored am pirovnebis didi zrunviTa
da mecadineobiT, mefe arCilis SekveTis safuZvelze Camoasxes
aq erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli Srifti.
96
rogorc holandielebi irwmunebian, princi aleqsandre
bagrati oni, madlobis gadasaxdelad im samsaxurisaTvis, ro-
melic holandielma swavlulma da politikosma gauwia mama-
miss, qarTvel mefes arCil meores 1685 wels, ,,CrdiloeTisa
da aRmosavleTis saTaTreTis avtors~ e.i. vitzens uambobda
yvelafers, rac ki mas ainteresebda. ase Seiqmna am naSro-
mis is nawili, sadac aRwerilia saqarTvelos kuTxeebis yofa,
tradiciebi, zne-Cveulebebi da mokle istoria. mas gansakuTreb-
uli mniSvneloba imiTac eniWeba, rom aq vxvdebiT unikalur qa-
rTul-holandiur mokle leqsikons. unda iTqvas, rom es aris
pirveli da dRemde erTaderTi mcdeloba qarTul-holandiuri
leqsikonis Seqmnisa.
erTi garemoeba aSkarad adasturebs, rom holandiaSi
aleqsandre batoniSvils aSkarad ar uyurebdnen, rogorc ru-
seTis mefis rigiT volonters: vitzeni ver Serigeboda imas,
rom princi, romelsac, rogorc ufross gvarSi, didi samefos
taxti unda gadascemoda, aq holandiaSi, rusi mefis saameblad
da misi monarqiis sasargeblod mdabiur xelobas da xelosno-
bas swavlobda (1,202-3).
aleqsandre batoniSvilma
Tavisi mogzauroba da swav-
la inglissa da holandiaSi
aRwera naSromSi ,,artile-
riis wigni~. rusi samxedro
istorikosebi erTxmad izi-
areben im azrs, rom es wig-
ni pirveli aguria rusuli
saar tilerio mecnierebis ba-
la varSi.
zemoTqmulidan naTlad
Cans, rom aleqsandre, rogorc
arCil mefis Svili, cdilobda
Tavisi qveynis sakeTildReod
politikuri urTierTobebi
istorikosi N1 2011
97
daemyarebina holandiasTan. rogor gagrZelda es urTierTobebi,
CvenTvis jerjerobiT ucnobia. albaT, male mova dro, rodesac
qarTveli mkvlevarebi amsterdamSi, zaandamsa Tu niderland-
ebis sxva qalaqebis arqivebSi mraval am mxriv saintereso
dokuments moiZieben, magram es momavlis saqmea.
unda iTqvas, rom me-17-18 saukuneTa gasayarze kidev erTi
cnobili holandieli mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe, eqimi
da geografi olfert daperic dainteresebula saqarTveloTi.
mis mravalricxovan naSromTagan CvenTvis sainteresoa 1672
w. gamoqveynebuli ,,sparseTis aRwera~. aq igi sparseTis sxva-
dasxva provinciebsa da mis morCilebaSi myof qveyanaTa Soris
qarTul miwebsac aRwers. igi detalurad mogviTxrobs misi
mdebareobis, sazRvrebis, klimatisa da istoriis Sesaxeb. mas
saqarTvelo nayofier da lamazi reliefis mqone qveynad miaC-
nia. igi dawvrilebiT aSuqebs me-17 saukunis saqarTveloSi mim-
dinare politikur movlenebs da marTebul daskvnasac akeTebs.
misi azriT, ,,maT (e.i. qarTvelebs) rom moexerxebinaT gaer-
Tianeba da sakuTar saxlSi wesieri mmarTvelobis damyareba,
aRar mouxdebodaT qveynis SenarCuneba-dacvaze fiqrio~ (3,29).
mkvlevarTaTvis es naSromi didad sainteresoa upirveles yov-
98
lisa imitom, rom holandiaSi (da SesaZlebelia dasavleT ev-
ropaSic) igi warmoadgens erT-erT pirvel mcdelobas, gaacnos
Tavis xalxs evropis aRmosavleT sazRvrebze mcxovrebi qris-
tiani qarTvelebis mZime xvedri da is Zireuli mizezebi, ris
gamoc aRmoCndnen isini aseT yofaSi.
vfiqrobT, rom zemoTqmuli kidev erTi dasturia imisa, Tu
raoden dainteresebuli iyo msoflios erT-erTi uZlieresi
saxelmwifo holandia saqarTveloTi jer kidev me-17 saukuneSi.
rac Seexeba ekonomikur urTierTobebs, Cvens xelT arsebuli
masalebidan gamomdinare Znelia masze saubari. vfiqrobT, rom
istoriis axali eris gariJraJze igi SeuZlebelic ki iyo. es
is periodia, rodesac otomanTa imperia (osmaleTi) politi-
kuri da samxedro Zlierebis zenitSia. samxreT-dasavleTiT
TurqeTis Zlieri mahmadianuri saxelmwifos Camoyalibebam
saqarTvelo metad mZime mdgomareobaSi moaqcia yovelmxriv
da maT Soris ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTac. igi rkinis mZime
fardad CamoeSva qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis sazRvarze da
mTeli sami saukuniT mowyvita isini evropis wiaRs, dasavleTis
istorikosi N1 2011
99
qristianul samyaros. amitom Zalze Znelia vilaparakoT uSu-
alo ekonomikur urTierTobebze dasavleT evropis qveynebTan
da maT Soris holandiasTanac. rac Seexeba holandiuri fulis
erTeulis _ florinis gavrcelebas saqarTveloSi, mxol od
amaze dayrdnobiT or qveyanas Soris raime ekonomikur kavSire-
bze saubari TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.
gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. vl. tatiSvili _ qarTvelebi moskovSi, Tb., 1959 w.
2. n. cixisTavi _ frangi ganmanaTleblebis gavlena qarTuli
sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis ganviTarebaze me-18 saukunis bolosa da
me-19 saukunis pirvel aTwleuls, disertacia, Tb., 1993 w.
3. a. karbelaSvili _ niderlandebze saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1993 w.
100
istoriis swavlebis problemebi
multieTnikur sazogadoebaSi
(saqarTvelos magaliTi)
saqarTvelo, istoriuladac da dResac, mravaleTnikuri sax-
elmwifoa, rac, Sua saukuneebidan dawyebuli, saqarTvelos ru-
seTis imperiaSi Sesvlamde, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebuli iyo misi
istoriul-geografiuli mdebareobiT, misi strategiuli mniS-
vnelobiT. garda amisa, eTnikuri siWrele, garkveulwilad, im
politikis Sedegic iyo, romelsac jer ruseTis caristuli
imperia, Semdeg ki sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvaneloba axor-
cielebda. unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove etapze, konkre-
tulad ki sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi
arsebuli eTnikuri mravalferovneba seriozul gamowvevad
iqca axlad damoukideblobamopovebuli saxelmwifosaTvis, ro-
melic, amave dros, pretenzias acxadebs, iyos demokratiuli,
dasavluri standartebis Sesabamisi qveyana. igi, konstituciis
Tanaxmad aRebuli valdebulebiT, icavs yvela misi moqalaqis
Tanasworobas da uflebebs, ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa,
enisa, religiisa da erovnuli da eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa (sa-
qarTvelos konstitucia, 1995, muxli 14).
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
problema, romelsac saxelmwifo Seejaxa, iyo eTnikur niadagze
aRmocenebuli konfliqtebi afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTis av-
tonomiur erTeulebSi. aseve problemebi saqarTvelos sxva
elene bodaveli
Tbilisis pirveli klasikuri
gimnaziis pedagogi
istorikosi N1 2011
101
teritoriaze kompaqturad gansaxlebul eTnikur umcireso-
bebTan mimarTebaSi, kerZod, qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTis
regionSi. eTnikur siWreles Tan daerTo maSindel sazogadoe-
baSi gavrcelebuli nacionalisturi ganwyoba, ris gamoc bev-
rma eTnikurad araqarTvelma datova saqarTvelo. Tumca, amiT
sakiTxi ar gadawyvetila. eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomad-
genlebis samoqalaqo integraciis done jerac dabalia. isini
naklebad arian CarTulni qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikur
da ekonomikur cxovrebaSi, rac, vfiqrobT, bariers qmnis inter-
kulturuli dialogis, rogorc am procesis erT-erT xelSe-
mwyobi aspeqtisaTvis.
,,vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg am sakiTxze muSaoba aqtiu-
rad daiwyo. eTnikuri umciresobebis interkulturuli dia-
logis xelSewyobisa da samoqalaqo integraciis misaRwevad
da maTSi samoqalaqo nacionalizmis gasaRviveblad saqmianoba
ramdenime kuTxiT gaiSala. saxelmwifom strategia da amo-
canebi eqvsi ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT gansazRvra. esenia:
• kanonis uzenaesoba;
• ganaTleba da saxelmwifo ena;
• media da informaciis xelmisawvdomoba;
• politikuri integracia da samoqalaqo monawileoba;
• ekonomikuri da regionuli integracia;
• kultura da TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba.
mocemul statiaSi saubari iqneba swored ganaTlebis faq-
torzetorze, rogorc eTnikur umciresobaTa samoqalaqo integra-
ciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan aspeqtze. 2004 wels dawyebuli
ganaTlebis reformis procesSi aqcenti gakeTda istoriis
saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis mniSvnelobaze, aseve istoriis
rolze eTnikurad mravalferovani, saerTo Rirebulebebze da-
fuZnebuli, erTiani samoqalaqo cnobierebis mqone sazogadoe-
bis CamoyalibebaSi.
reformis yvelaze problemur sakiTxs saxelmwifo enis ar-
codna warmoadgens, rac erT-erTi mniSvnelovani barieria samo-
qalaqo integraciis gzaze.Eenis arcodna warmoadgens bariers
102
eTnikuri umciresobebis sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebisaT-
vis, aseve politikur, ekonomikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi
monawileobisaTvis. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom 2004 wels ga-
naTlebis sistemaSi dawyebuli reformebis erT-erTi wamyvani
amocana kompaqturad gansaxlebul eTnikuri umciresobebis
warmomadgenelTa mier saxelmwifo enis codnis gaumjobesebaa.
am mimarTulebiT saxelmwifo Semdeg miznebs isaxavs:
• saxelmwifos mier skolamdeli ganaTlebis momsaxurebis
xarisxis gaumjobeseba.
• saxelmwifo enis Seswavlis xelSewyoba.
• saxelmwifos mier umciresobebis enis Seswavlis xelSew-
yoba.
• umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis mier sakuTar enaze gana-
Tlebis miRebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa.
• umciresobebis enis, rogorc Rirebulebis popularizacia.
• umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis mier kerZo ganaTlebis
miRebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa.
• umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis mier umaRlesi da profe-
siuli ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa.
• profesiuli swavlebis xelSewyobiT dasaqmebis stimuli-
reba.
enis sakiTxebTan erTad, ganaTlebis reformis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani sakiTxia istoriis swavleba.
istoriis mniSvnelobis gaazreba da gamoyeneba erT-erTi
gadamwyveti faqtoria saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSi, gan-
sakuTrebiT, postkoloniur qveynebSi. es ganpirobebulia Tavad
istoriis ,,TaviseburebebiT~. istoria mimzidveli Cans sax-
elmwifo mmarTvelebis, nacionaluri proeqtis mSenebelTaTvis.
rogorc cnobilia, SesaZlebelia istoriis mravalgvari in-
terpretacia, istoria aris eTnikuri mobilizaciisa da iden-
tobis gamtkicebis saukeTeso saSualeba; is mniSvnelovania
nacionaluri identobis ,,ganaxleba-aRdgenisaTvis~ da, saerTod,
identobis politikisaTvis, aseve politikuri moTxovnebis
legitimurobis dasasabuTeblad. igi xSirad iaraRad iqceva
istorikosi N1 2011
103
politikosebis xelSi da warmoadgens konfliqturi idento-
bebis Camoyalibebis erT-erT wyaros.
nacionaluri mSeneblobisas mTavar aspeqtad taras kuzio
nacionaluri istoriografiis aRdgenas miiCnevs. postkolon-
iur saxelmwifoebSi istorikosebs daekisraT misia, daemtkice-
binaT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis calke istoriis arsebo bis
ufleba, ris gareSec isini istoriis umoqmedo obieqtebad
dar Cebodnen.
saintereso mosazrebebi aqvs warsulis Sesaxeb e. smiTs.
mi si azriT, mexsierebas centraluri adgili uWiravs idento-
baTa da kulturaTa gamowrTobaSi, ar arsebobs warsuli, garda
araeTnikurisa da araracionalurisa. smiTis azriT, TiToeuli
naciis istoriuli mexsierebis buneba Zalian gansxvavebulia.
zogierT erTobas aqvs xangrZlivi, kargad dasabuTebuli da
STambeWdavi eTno istoria. eTnoistoria mniSvnelovania imdenad,
ramdenadac mas SeuZlia kulturuli Zalauflebis mniSvnelo-
van wyarod da kulturuli politizaciis centrad iqces.
eTnoistoriis arseboba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania patara
erTobebisaTvis. mniSvnelovania isic, rom istorikosebi eT-
noistoriebs eTnikuri konfliqtebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
wya rod ganixilaven.
qarTuli eTnonarativi, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis
droisaTvis arsebobda da eTnikuri nacionalizmi, romelic XX
saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gamococxlda da dResac aqtiuria,
ufro adrindel safuZvlebs eyrdnoboda. am narativSi saqa-
rTvelo ganixileboda mxolod rogorc qarTvelTa saxelm-
wifo, istoria ki _ rogorc mxolod eTnikuri qarTvelebis
istoria, damokidebuleba eTnikuri umciresobebisadmi _ es
iyo damokidebuleba stumrisadmi, romelsac ar aqvs mudmivad
yofnis statusi. danarCen mizezebTan erTad (magaliTad, caris-
tuli da sabWoTa kavSiris politika), es momenti erT-erTi
barieri iyo samoqalaqo integraciis gzaze. igi warmoadgenda
gamowvevas eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis da ubiZgebda maT, Se-
eqmnaT istoriis sakuTari interpretacia.
104
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg mis SemadgenlobaSi myofi
yvela saxelmwifo axali gamowvevis winaSe aRmoCnda. saqa-
rTvelo, rogorc mravaleTnikuri saxelmwifo, gansakuTrebul
sirTuleebs Seejaxa. gaqra gamaerTianebeli (Tumca ara sxva
identobaTa gadamfaravi) sabWoTa identoba. axali identobis
ZiebaSi eTnikuri jgufebi kvlav warsuls miubrundnen. daiwyo
warsulis dekonstruqcia da xelaxali gaazreba. miuxedavad
marqsistuli ideologiis daZlevisa, istoria kvlavac darCa
mxolod eTnikuri qarTvelebis istoriad, romelic msoflio
istoriis konteqstisgan izolirebulad iswavleboda da sau-
kuneTa manZilze Seqmnili memkvidreoba ganixileboda aseve
eTnikuri qarTvelebis ,,sakuTrebad~. jer caristul imperias-
Tan, Semdeg ki sabWoTa sistemasTan brZolis pirobebSi Camoya-
libebuli da, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, nacionaluri
saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSi SenarCunebuli istoriu-
li narativi aqcents akeTebda saqarTvelos mudmiv brZolaze
damoukideblobis mosapoveblad, mis didebul warsulze da
qveynis istoriis miRma tovebda saqarTvelos teritoriaze
mcxovreb sxva eTnikur jgufebs, rac am ukanasknelTaTvis Zne-
lad aRsaqmeli da misaRebi aRmoCnda da, ramac ubiZga maT, ez-
runaT eTnikur mobilizaciaze.
90-ian wlebSi qarTvelebs Soris aqtiuri nacionalisturi
ganwyobebis pirobebSi, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis garda,
eTnikuri umciresobebiT gansaxlebul regionebSic eTnikuri
mobilizaciis niSnebi SeimCneoda. am TvalsazrisiT, samcxe-ja-
vaxeTis regioni ufro aqtiurobda. 1990-ian wlebSi aq eTni-
kur safuZvelze Seiqmna moZraoba „javaxk“-i, romelic miznad
isaxavda somexTa kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvas, javaxeTis
somxur skolebSi somxeTis istoriis swavlebis uzrunvelyo-
fas. am moZraobis da mogvianebiT Seqmnili „virq“-isagan 1990-ian wlebSi periodulad ismoda avtonomiis moTxovna. rac
Seexeba qvemo qarTls, moTxovnebi avtonomiis Taobaze aqac
gaisma, aRiniSna dapirispirebis ramdenime faqtic qarTvel da
azerbaijanel mosaxleobas Soris, Tumca gacilebiT naklebi
intensivobiTa da aqtiurobiT.
istorikosi N1 2011
105
istoriis, warsulis Sesaxeb eTnikuri jgufebis saerTo
codnis Camoyalibebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs eTnikuri umci-
resobebis samoqalaqo integraciisa da eTnikuri nacional-
izmidan samoqalaqo nacionalizmze gadasvlis procesSi. war-
sulis da misi aRqma-gaazrebis udidesi mniSvneloba aSkara
gaxdeba, Tu gaviziarebT s. jonsis mosazrebas am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. misi azriT, awmyo damokidebulia warsulis aq-
tualizebasa da rekonstruqciaze. axali momavali yovelT-
vis moiTxovs gansxvavebul warsuls. es uSualod mexsierebis
politikis saqmea.
ganvixiloT, rogor icvleba damokidebuleba istoriis swav-
lebisadmi, rogorc eTnikurad qarTveli, aseve eTnikuri umci-
resobebis im warmomadgenelTa mxridan, romlebic uSualod
arian CarTuli swavlebisa da swavlis procesSi. konkretu-
lad, SevexebiT istoriis reformamdel da reformis Semdgom
SemuSavebul pirveli Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebs, romlebic
dResac gamoiyeneba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi. yuradRe-
bas gavamaxvilebT im sirTuleebze, rac Tavs iCens istoriis
swavlebis procesSi Tanamedrove etapze. daveyrdnobiT ori
kvlevis Sedegebs, romlebic Catarda istoriis axal saxel-
mZRvaneloebTan da swavlebis axal meTodTan dakavSirebiT: erTi
- CIMERA-s mier 2006 wlis seqtember-dekemberSi, meore ki
– iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis kulturis mecnierebaTa institutis mier 2009 wlis
Teberval-martSi, am ukanasknelSi Tavad viRebdi monawileobas.
CIMERA-s mier Catarebul kvlevaSi sul monawileobda
20 respondenti. kvleva Catarda axalcixeSi, axalqalaqSi, mar-
neulsa da TbilisSi. respondentTa Soris iyvnen azerbaija-
nelebi, somxebi da qarTvelebi, rogorc istoriis maswavleble-
bi, aseve istoriis saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi. meore kvlevis
farglebSi gamokiTxva CavatareT q. Tbilisis 9, q. rusTavis 4,
kaspis 3, qobuleTis 7, zugdidis 6 skolaSi (sul 29 skola).
gamokiTxva mimdinareobda jgufuri da individualuri inter-
viuirebis meTodiT da masSi 50 maswavlebeli monawileobda.
106
kvlevis Sedegebis ganxilvisas CIMERA-s proeqtis mona-
wile eva gundare aRniSnavs qarTvel maswavlebelTa mier
is to riis, rogorc legendaruli moTxrobis aRqmas, da mis
warmodgenas eTnocentruli saxiT, sadac ZiriTadi aqcenti
keTdeba qveynis Zlierebis xanaze. istoriis popularuli aRqma,
ZiriTadad, stereotipuli da miTiuria. avtori aRniSnavs aseve
ramdenime respondentis mosazrebas, romelic am Sexedulebas
amtkicebs (History Teaching in Georgia... 2007: 29). erT-erTi sir-Tule, romelic gamoikveTa is iyo, rom maswavlebelTa garkveu-
li jgufisaTvis rTuli aRmoCnda istoriis mravalperspeq-
tiuli variantis swavleba. saxeldeboda, magaliTad, sakiTxebi
ruseTis Sesaxeb, romelic gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT unda
miewodebinaT (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 32).kidev erTi sakiTxi, romelic gansakuTrebul yuradRe-
bas iqcevs, aris „swori“ istoriis, erTi istoriuli „WeS-
maritebis“ Ziebis tendencia. e. gundare aRniSnavs, rom maswav-
lebelTa umravlesoba kvlav midrekilia „swori“ istoriis
ideis ganxorcielebisaken (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 33). miuxedavad am kuTxiT maswavlebelTa datreningebisa, maTi
umravlesoba mainc fiqrobs, rom istoriuli WeSmariteba mx-
olod erTia (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 34). Tumca, av-tori aqve miuTiTebs maswavlebelTa nawilze, romlebic pozi-
tiurad afaseben istoriis swavlebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebs
da Tvlian, rom amgvari midgoma xels Seuwyobs eTnikuri da-
pirispirebebis daZlevas (History Teaching in Georgia... 2007: 34).mniSvnelovan sirTules qmnis is faqti, rom reformamde
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb eTnikur umciresobebs istoriis
saxel mZRvaneloebi miewodebodaT maTi eTnikuri samSoblos
ganaTlebis saministros mier. es wignebi iqauri avtorebis
mier iyo dawerili, rac aisaxeboda ama Tu im sakiTxis inter-
pretaciaSi (magaliTad, eTnikuri umciresobiT dasaxlebuli
teritoriis istoriuli kuTvnilebis problema, daZabuloba
da urTierTbraldeba eTnikur qarTvelebsa da somxebs Soris
istoriis „araswori“ interpetaciis gamo da sxva sakiTxebi).
istorikosi N1 2011
107
am sakiTxis problemurobas aRniSnavdnen samcxe-javaxeTis re-
gionSi gamokiTxuli respondentebi (eTnikuri umciresobebis
warmomadgenlebi), romlebic saubrobdnen imis Sesaxeb, rom sa-
xelmZRvaneloebSi mocemuli faqtebi da movlenebi da maTi Se-
fasebebi ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. imave problemaze miuTiTeb-
da erT-erTi qarTveli maswavlebelic, romelic axal qalaqSi
aswavlida somex moswavleebs (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 60) (magaliTad, saxeldeboda eklesiebTan dakavSirebu-
li daZabuloba, aseve rukebTan dakavSirebuli uTanxmoebani).
kvle vis Sedegebis mixedviT, qarTvel da azerbaijanel eTnikur
jgufebs Soris, samcxe-javaxeTis regionTan SedarebiT, am mxriv
naklebi problemebi arsebobs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxul eTnikur umciresobaTa warmo-
madgenlebis didi nawili aucileblad Tvlida saqarTvelos
istoriis swavlebas da gamoTqvamda sayvedurs imis gamo, rom
eTnikuri umciresobebi saTanadod ar arian warmodgenili is-
toriis saxlmZRvaneloebSi, an, Tu arian, maT moixsenieben ro-
gorc emigrantebs, stumrebs an mezoblebs (History Teaching in georgia…2007).
rac Seexeba meore kvlevas, unda aRiniSnos, rom eTnikuri
umciresobebisgan gansxvavebiT, qarTvel maswavlebelTa reaqcia
Zalian emociuri iyo. gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis daaxloe-
biT 15% dadebiTad afasebs cvlilebas, miesalmeba saqarT-
velos istoriis swavlebas msoflio istoriis konteqstSi da
istoriis eTnocentruli gagebis daZlevis mcdelobas. magram
maswavlebelTa umravlesobis pretenzia isaa, rom saqarTvelos
istoria Zalian cudad aris mowodebuli. maTi azriT, istori-
is msgavsi saxiT swavlebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia erovnu-
li suliskveTebiT gamsWvaluli patriotebis aRzrda. aRsan-
iSnavia, rom arc erT maswavlebels saxelmZRvanelos dadebiT
mxareebze saubrisas ar aRuniSnavs im mciredi cvli lebis
mniSvneloba, rac ganxorcielda eTnikur umciresobebTan dakav-
SirebiT, metic, arc erT maTgans ar gamouTqvams azri am kuT-
xiT raime cvlilebis saWiroebasTan dakavSirebiT. SekiTxvaze
108
– ras daamatebdiT an SecvlidiT axal saxelmZRvaneloebSi
– maswavlebelTa umravlesobis pasuxi aseTi iyo: meti yurad-
Reba saqarTvelos erovnuli istoriisadmi, faqtologiisadmi,
calkeuli sakiTxebis ufro siRrmiseuli ganxilva, mowesrige-
ba da sistematizacia; saxelmwifoebrivi, samarTlebrivi da
kulturis Temebis damateba; teqstis gamartiveba; asakobrivi
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba; ilustraciebis daxvewa. aqve
minda aRvniSno, rom kategoriulobiT gamoirCeoda gamokiTxul
maswavlebelTa garkveuli nawili, romelic aswavlida Sereuli
tipis – qarTul-azerbaijanul skolaSi da, TiTqos, ukeT unda
hqonoda gacnobierebuli dasaxelebuli sakiTxis mniSvneloba.
istoriis swavlebis sferoSi dasaxuli amocanebis gadaWra
bevr sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli. pirvel rigSi, saxelmZR-
vaneloebi saWiroebs Semdgom daxvewas. sasurveli iqneboda
saxelmZR vaneloebis Seqmnis procesSi eTnikur umciresobaTa
warmomadgenlebis – ra Tqma unda, profesionalTa _ CarTva, meti
yuradRebis daTmoba maswavlebelTa treiningebisadmi, muSaoba
istoriis, rogorc interpretaciis mniSvnelobis gacnobierebis
kuTxiT, multiperspeqtiuli midgomebis damkvidreba. vfiqrobT,
zemoTqmuli iqneba erT-erTi faqtori qarTvelebsa da eTnikur
umciresobebs Soris arsebuli stereotipebisa da ormxrivi
SiSis (qarTvelebisaTvis separatizmis safrTxe eTnikuri um-
ciresobebis mxridan, eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis _ asimila-
ciis safrTxe) daZlevisaTvis, rac xels Seuwyobs saerTo
Rirebulebebze dafuZnebuli samoqalaqo cnobierebis Camoya-
libebasa da interkulturul dialogs, am procesSi ki isto-
riis swavlebis mniSvnelobis gacnobierebas da mizanmimarTul
gamoyenebas.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1990-ian wlebSi Se-
qmnilma viTarebam da axalma gamowvevebma cxadyo, rom eTni-
kurad mravalferovani qveynebis mSvidobiani arsebobisa da
ganviTarebisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs qveynis yvela
moqalaqis – ganurCevlad rasis, kanis feris, eTnikuri da re-
ligiuri kuTvnilebis – samoqalaqo integracias, qveynis moqa-
istorikosi N1 2011
109
laqeebs Soris saerTo samoqalaqo cnobierebis Camoyalibebas
da maTi uflebebis Tanasworobis aRiarebas, maT Soris, sakuTari
identobis SenarCunebis uflebisa. am sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi
mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia istorias da mis
swavlebas, gansakuTrebiT _ zogadsaganamanaTleblo safexurze.
gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. bluaSvili u. mesxiSvili c. samoqalaqo integraciis problemebi samcxe-javax-
eTSi. Tbilisi, 2004.
2. eTnikuri umciresobebis samoqalaqo integraciis politikis analizi. bTkk –politikis kvlevis jgufi eTnikuri umciresobebis programa. Tbilisi, 2008.
3. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pirveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris
Sedegebi. tomi I. Tbilisi, 2003.
4. smiTi, entoni d. nacionalizmi Teoria, ideologia, istoria. Tbilisi, 2004.
5. Chikovani N. The problem of the common past in multiethnic societies (The case of Georgian history textbooks). Internationale Schulbuchforschung/International Textbook Re-search, Volume 30 (2008), Issue 4. Textbooks in the Post-Soviet Caucasus and in Central Asia. Braunschweig, 2008, p. 797-810.
6. History Teaching in Georgia : representation of minorities in Georgian history textbooks. CIMERA. Jeneva, 2007.
7. Nora Pierre. Between Memory and Hisroty: Les Lieux de Memoire. Representations, No. 26, Sepcial Issue: Memory and Counter-memory. University of Califorinia. 1989,7-24.
8. Jones Sreohen F. Old Ghosts and New Chains. Ethnicity and memory in the Georgian Re-public. R.S. Watson (ed) Memory, History and opposition under State University of washington Press, 1994, 149-165.
9. Kuzio, T. (2002)” History, memory and nation building in the post-soviet colonial space. Nacionalities papers, II., pp 241-264.
10. Rapp Stephen. Caucasias’s Olace in the eurasian world: the testimoni of cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa. 45-55.
11. Suny, G. (2001) “Constructing primordialism: old histories for new nations”. The jour-nal of modern history, IV., pp 862-896.
12. Velychenko, S. National History and The :History of the Ussr”:the persistence and im-pact of categories. Nationalism and History. The Politics of Nation Building in post0soviet Ar-menia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. University of Toronto, 1994.
13. Чиковани Н., Какителашвили К. «Изображение «других» в учебниках истории для общеобразовательных школ». Совремеииые учебники истории на южном кавказе. Прага, 2009, с.57-83.
110
manana SeyilaZemanana SeyilaZe
istoriis maswavlebelTa
saqarTvelos asociaciis
vice-prezidenti,
Tbilisis evropuli skolis
pedagogi
istoriis maswavlebelTasaqarTvelos asociaciismimdinare saqmeebi
redkolegiis muSaoba, haaga, 2010 weli
111
viziti haagaSi
2010 wlis 21-28 agvistos proeqt ,,tolerantobis mSe-
nebloba istoriis swavlebis gziT saqarTveloSi” saredaq-
cio jgufi samuSao vizitiT haagaSi, evroklios ofisSi imyo-
feboda. erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi redkolegiis wevrebi pro-
eqtis mimdinare sakiTxebze muSaobdnen, iRebdnen rCeva-darige-
bebs saerTaSoriso eqpertebisagan, ixilavdnen proeqtis sabo-
loo produqtis - damxmare masalebis krebulis makets.
garda amisa, Tavisufal dros saredaqcio jgufi Sexve d-
rebs awyobda holandiaSi moRvawe adgilobriv da saerTaSori-
so organizaciebTan. saubrebi imarTeboda istoriis maswavle-
belTa saqarTvelos asociaciis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebze,
istoriisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis swavlebis Tanamedro-
ve moTxovnebsa da maTi gadaWris gzebze. evropeli kolege-
bi Cveuli uSualobiT uziarebdnen qarTvel istorikosebs Ta-
vianT gamocdilebas.
saqarTvelos delegacia haagaSi – oliver raisneri, eva mamedova, elene
meZmariaSvili, eliso CubiniSvili, nina zulumiani, giorgi abramiSvili da
nana cixisTavi
112
proeqti „sabavSvo arqeologia“
saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli
saagentos iniciativiT da dafinansebiT skolis moswavleebi-
saTvis specialuri saganmanaTleblo programa Seiqmna, rome-
lic bavSvebis arqeologiis samyarosTan ziarebas emsaxureba.
aRniSnulma saagentom da istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarT-
velos asociaciam erToblivi gegma SeimuSaves da am saqmeSi
saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionis skola CarTes.
2010 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi mcxeTaSi, samTavros vel-
ze, specialurad bavSvebisaTvis mowyobil saswavlo moedan-
ze moswavleTa nakadi ar wydeboda. bavSvebi, profesionali
arqeologebis xelmZRvanelobiT, iseT unikalur nivTebs „po-
istorikosi N1 2011
113
ulobdnen“, rogoricaa brinjaos
xanis sabrZolo iaraRi, antiku-
ri xanis vercxlis WurWeli, iS-
viaTi monetebi, Zvirfasi“ samkau-
lebi da sxva. bavSvebi „aRmo-
Cenil“ nivTebs zomavdnen, wonid-
nen, Canaxatebs akeTebdnen da mo-
nacemebi specialur savele dRi-
urebSi SehqondaT. bolos zo-
gierT nivTs iqve mowyobil sa-
restavracio saxelosnoSi saku-
Tari xeliT awebebdnen da aRad-
gendnen.
proeqtma imdenad didi gamo-
Zaxili hpova saganmanaTleblo
sivrceSi, rom Tadarigianma maswavleblebma, pirvel rigSi ki
asociaciis wevrebma, 2011 wlis gazafxulis sezonis arqeolo-
giuri seansebi winaswar dajavSnes.
„norCi arqeologis“ sertifikatis miReba yvela bavSvs uxaria
(Tbilisis „evropuli skolis“ moswavleebi gaTxrebis Semdeg)
114
istoriis saswavlo kabinetis gaxsna
2010 wlis 15 noembers istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTve-
los asociacia duSeTis raionis sofel ebniss ewvia. ebnisis
cxrawlian skolaSi sul 13 moswavle swavlobs. 2010 wlis
zafxulSi skola optimizaciis gegmaSi moxvda da kinaRam dai-
xura. amis Sesaxeb asociacias misma aqtiurma wevrma, bondo da-
viTurma Seatyobina kviprosidan da daxmareba iTxova.
asociaciis xelmZRvanelobam ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis sa-
ministrosTan SeTanxmebiT Seiswavla skolis sakiTxi, rome-
lic sabolood dadebiTad gadawyda. kerZod, skola Tavis ad-
gilze darCa. aseTive problema iyo mezoblad mdebare sofel
WilurtSi da iqac iseTive gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli. es
ori skola imuSavebs Tavis adgilze, mxolod administracia
eyoleba saerTo.
istorikosi N1 2011
duSeTis r. sof. ebnisis pedkoleqtivi stumrebTan erTad
115
ebnisisa da Wilurtis skolebs asociaciam saCuqrad ga-
dasca saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis saswavlo rukebi,
atlasebi, konturulebi da sxvadasxva Sinaarsis TvalsaCinoe-
ba. gadawyda am skolebSi istoriis kabinetebis gaxsna.
Sexvedraze saubari gaimarTa swavlebis problemebze, maswav-
leblis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis gzebze, kolegebis Sexvedre-
bisa da gamocdilebis urTierTgaziarebis aucileblobaze.
aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom msgavsi saswavlo kabinetebi
asociaciam manamde ukve gaxsna Telavis #3 sajaro skolaSi,
axalcixis #2 (rusul-somxur)da #6 (qarTul) sajaro sko-
lebSi. sul male gaixsneba Tbilisis #72 (rusul) da marne-
ulis #3 (azerbaijanul) sajaro skolebSi.
aseve dagegmilia istoriis kabinetebis gaxsna goris r. sof.
karaleTSi, xelvaCauris r. sof. SubanSi da baTumis saxel-
mwifo universitetSi – momavali pedagogebis mosamzadeblad.
ebniseli maswavleblebi istoriis kabinetis TvalsaCinoebas ecnobian
116
Sexvedra aWarel pedagogebTan
2010 wlis 20 dekembers istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarT-
velos asociaciis vice-prezidenti manana SeyilaZe aWarel pe-
dagogebs Sexvda.
Sexvedra gaxsna baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis req-
torma alioSa bakuriZem, romelic miesalma istorikosTa pro-
fesiuli asociaciis saqmianobas da universitetis saxeliT
Tanadgoma gamoucxada mas.
saubari gaimarTa asociaciaSi mimdinare adgilobriv da sa-
erTaSoriso proeqtebze, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRle-
bisa da sertificirebisaTvis mzadebis sakiTxebze.
manana SeyilaZem Caatara prezentacia Temaze „multimedia
teqnologiis gamoyeneba istoriis swavlebisas“, sadac gani-
istorikosi N1 2011
aWareli pedagogebi istoriul rukebze muSaoben
117
xila nimuSebi saqarTvelos istoriis eleqtronuli saxelm-
ZRvaneloebidan da pedagogebs esaubra aRniSnuli resursebis
gakveTilze gamoyenebis meTodikaze.
Sexvedris meore nawilSi Catarda treiningi Temaze „ro-
gor gamoviyenoT istoriuli rukebi sagakveTilo procesSi“,
sadac ganxiluli iqna sxvadasxva istoriul Temebze Seqmnili
kedlis rukebi, rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve msoflio istorii-
dan. stumarma pedagogebs saCuqrad gadasca saqarTvelos isto-
riuli atlasebi da konturuli rukebi, dauriga individualu-
ri savarjiSoebi sxvadasxva istoriul Temebze, romelTa nawi-
li maT iqve Seasrules.
Sexvedra Seajama da samomavlo gegmebze isaubra isto-
riis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis aWaris filia-
lis xelmZRvanelma madona miqelaZem.
istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis aWaris filialis
xelmZRvaneli madona miqelaZe pedagogebs esaubreba
118
profesor nodar asaTianis iubile
2010 wlis 25 dekembers Tbi-
lisis #1 sajaro skolis saaq-
to darbazSi gaimarTa gamoCeni-
li qarTveli istorikosisa da
sazogado moRvawis, istorikosTa
mravali Taobis aRmzrdelis, sa-
xelmZRvaneloebis avtoris, prof.
nodar asaTianis dabadebidan 80
wlisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo
saRamo. misi organizatorebi iyv-
nen „istoriis maswavlebelTa
saqarTvelos asociacia“ da Tbi-
lisis pirveli sajaro skolis
administracia.
Sexvedras mravlad eswrebod-
nen saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuT-
istorikosi N1 2011
prof. nodar asaTianis saiubileo sxdoma Tbilisis #1 sajaro skolaSi
119
xidan Camosuli istoriis pedagogebi, iubilaris aRzrdilebi,
raTa daefasebinaT amagdari mecnierisa da sazogado moRvawis
qveynisaTvis gaweuli Sroma.
saRamo gaxsna pirveli sajaro skolis direqtorma, amiran
jamagiZem. nodar asaTianis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze isaub-
ra prof. oTar janeliZem.
iubilars miesalmnen profesorebi naTela vaCnaZe, anton le-
Java, merab merabiSvili, asociaciis prezidenti nana cixisTa-
vi, pirveli sajaro skolis moswavleebi da sxvebi. Tbili mo-
gonebebiT gamovidnen iubilaris yofili studentebi, amJamad
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi moRvawe pedagogebi da sko-
lis direqtorebi.
„istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis“ saxe-
liT iubilars asociaciis sapatio wevrobis damadasturebe-
li diplomi gadaeca.
prof. nodar asaTiani (centrSi) Tavis aRzrdilebTan erTad
120
kavkasiis sakoordinacio sabWos dafuZneba
2011 wlis 13 Tebervals TbilisSi, sastumro „kolxSi“
Sedga saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis istorikosTa
Sexvedra, romlis mizani iyo am qveynebSi istoriis swavlebis
aqtualuri sakiTxebis ganxilva da gamocdilebis gaziareba.
Sexvedram samive mxares daanaxa, rom miuxedavad terito-
riuli siaxlovisa, maT Zalian mcire informacia gaaCniaT erT-
maneTis ganaTlebis sistemaze da kerZod, istoriisa da samoqa-
laqo ganaTlebis swavlebis sakiTxebze. Sexvedraze gadawy-
da garkveuli periodulobiT moewyos xolme Sexvedrebi sami
qveynis istorikosTa Soris mrgvali magidis formatSi.
aseve saubari gaimarTa axal wignebze, romlebic cota xnis
win erToblivad Seqmnes qarTvelma, somexma da azerbaijanelma
istorikosebma. daigegma maTi prezentaciis gamarTva TbilisSi.
saqarTvelos mxarem iTava sakiTxis dasma TbilisSi mdebare
„evropis saxlis“ winaSe, raTa proeqti ”evropuli klubebis „evropis saxlis“ winaSe, raTa proeqti ”evropuli klubebis
gaxsna skolebSi”, gaxsna skolebSi”, romelic saqarTvelos skolebSi male daiwy-
eba, aseve ganxorcieldes somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi.
daigegma tradiciad iqces Jurnal ”istorikosis” yovel
nomerSi somexi da azerbaijaneli istorikosebis statiebis
gamoqveyneba. aseve, maTi statiebi gamoqveyndeba istoriis mas-
wavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis veb-gverdze www.imsa.ge. iqve gadawyda momdevno nomris statiebis Tematika: ra mdgo-mareobaa istoriis maswavlebelTa axali kadrebis momzadebi-
sa da moqmedi maswavleblebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mxriv.
da bolos, Seiqmna sakoordinacio sabWo, romelSic Sevida
sam-sami warmomadgeneli TiToeuli respublikidan.
istorikosi N1 2011
121
sxedan marcxnidan:
1. haikaz oganesiani – somxeTis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis pre-
zidenti
2. rauf huseinovi – azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis
prezidenti
3. manana SeyilaZe – saqarTvelos istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis vi-
ce-prezidenti
4. nana cixisTavi – saqarTvelos istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis pre-
zidenti
dganan marcxnidan:
1. stefan grigoriani – somxeTis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis vi-
ce-prezidenti
2. bahadur baxtijarovi – azerbaijanis saxelmwifo pedagogiur univer-
sitetis profesori
3. rauf rajabovi – azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis vi-
ce-prezidenti
4. beso lorTqifaniZe – saqarTvelos istoriis maswavlebelTa asocia-
ciis wevri
122
ioke van de leu-roordma,ioke van de leu-roordma, evroklios evroklios
damfuZnebelma prezidentma da misma aR-damfuZnebelma prezidentma da misma aR-
masrulebelma direqtorma, istorikosis masrulebelma direqtorma, istorikosis
diplomi miiRo groningenis universitetSi diplomi miiRo groningenis universitetSi
(niderlandi). 1972-1993 wlebSi muSaobda
istoriis maswavleblad, pedagogTa tren-istoriis maswavleblad, pedagogTa tren-
erad da mrCevlad istoriis sakiTxebSi. erad da mrCevlad istoriis sakiTxebSi.
rogorc istoriis swavlebis, axali meTo-rogorc istoriis swavlebis, axali meTo-
debisa da trans-erovnuli istoriis eqspertma, man wamoiwyo debisa da trans-erovnuli istoriis eqspertma, man wamoiwyo
da koordinireba gauwia uamrav erovnul, transerovnul da da koordinireba gauwia uamrav erovnul, transerovnul da
saerTaSoriso mravalwlian proeqts Semdeg qveynebSi: albaneTi, saerTaSoriso mravalwlian proeqts Semdeg qveynebSi: albaneTi,
belorusi, bulgareTi, bosnia-hercegovina, xorvatia, kviprosi, belorusi, bulgareTi, bosnia-hercegovina, xorvatia, kviprosi,
CexeTis respublika, estoneTi, saqarTvelo, latvia, makedonia, CexeTis respublika, estoneTi, saqarTvelo, latvia, makedonia,
montenegro, rumineTi, ruseTi, serbeTi, TurqeTi. is aris: ev-montenegro, rumineTi, ruseTi, serbeTi, TurqeTi. is aris: ev-
rosabWos, iuneskos, euTo-s saerTaSoriso mzadyofnisa da ev-rosabWos, iuneskos, euTo-s saerTaSoriso mzadyofnisa da ev-
rokavSiris mTavari eqsperti da konsultanti; georg ekertis rokavSiris mTavari eqsperti da konsultanti; georg ekertis
institutis (germania) mrCevelTa sabWos vice-prezidenti da institutis (germania) mrCevelTa sabWos vice-prezidenti da
roterdamis erazmusis universitetTan arsebuli istoriuli roterdamis erazmusis universitetTan arsebuli istoriuli
kulturis institutis mrCevelTa sabWos wevri. ioke van der-kulturis institutis mrCevelTa sabWos wevri. ioke van der-
leus naSromebi istoriisa da istoriis swavlebis sakiTxebze leus naSromebi istoriisa da istoriis swavlebis sakiTxebze
gamoaqveyna koerberstiftungma, iuneskom da mravalma saerTa-gamoaqveyna koerberstiftungma, iuneskom da mravalma saerTa-
Soriso Jurnalma. 2009 wels holandiis dedofalma ioke Soriso Jurnalma. 2009 wels holandiis dedofalma ioke
am TavSi gagacnobT Cvens evropel kolegebs – istorikoseb-am TavSi gagacnobT Cvens evropel kolegebs – istorikoseb-
sa da istoriis meTodistebs, romlebic bolo wlebSi saqa-sa da istoriis meTodistebs, romlebic bolo wlebSi saqa-
rTveloSi Camodiodnen, CamohqondaT siaxleebi evropidan da rTveloSi Camodiodnen, CamohqondaT siaxleebi evropidan da
uaRresad sasargeblo treningebs utarebdnen istoriis mas-uaRresad sasargeblo treningebs utarebdnen istoriis mas-
wavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis wevrebs. wavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis wevrebs.
Cveni saerTaSoriso eqspertebi
123
van der-leu daajildova umaRlesi ordeniT. aseve, istoriis van der-leu daajildova umaRlesi ordeniT. aseve, istoriis
pedagogTa holandiis asociaciam mas gadasca fiub de riuter-pedagogTa holandiis asociaciam mas gadasca fiub de riuter-
is jildo istoriuli ganaTlebis saqmeSi Setanili udidesi is jildo istoriuli ganaTlebis saqmeSi Setanili udidesi
wvlilisaTvis.
profesori rumiana kuSeva, ( (bulgareTi)
evroklios proeqtis `evropis dialogi, evroklios proeqtis `evropis dialogi,
kul turis cisartyela momavlisaTvis~ kul turis cisartyela momavlisaTvis~
koor dinatori.koor dinatori.
rumiana kuSeva aris wminda kliment rumiana kuSeva aris wminda kliment
ohridskis saxelobis sofiis universite-ohridskis saxelobis sofiis universite-
tis profesori, informaciisa da praqtikos tis profesori, informaciisa da praqtikos
pedagogTa momzadebis departamentis xelmZ-pedagogTa momzadebis departamentis xelmZ-
Rvaneli. aswavlis aseve veliko tirnovos, plovdivis da Su-Rvaneli. aswavlis aseve veliko tirnovos, plovdivis da Su-
menis universitetebSi. is aris bulgareTis istoriis peda-menis universitetebSi. is aris bulgareTis istoriis peda-
gogTa asociaciis damfuZnebeli prezidenti. Tavisi kariera gogTa asociaciis damfuZnebeli prezidenti. Tavisi kariera
man daiwyo rogorc saSualo skolis istoriis pedagogma. mas man daiwyo rogorc saSualo skolis istoriis pedagogma. mas
aqvs istoriis eqspertebisa da maswavleblebis momzadebis xan-aqvs istoriis eqspertebisa da maswavleblebis momzadebis xan-
grZlivi gamocdileba istori is swavlebis Tanamedrove meTo-grZlivi gamocdileba istori is swavlebis Tanamedrove meTo-
debSi. profesori kuSeva ko or dinirebas uwevda evroklios debSi. profesori kuSeva ko or dinirebas uwevda evroklios
or saerTaSoriso proeqts istoriis swavlebaze. is aris mi-or saerTaSoriso proeqts istoriis swavlebaze. is aris mi-
wveuli rogorc mTavari saerTaSoriso konsultanti, maT So-wveuli rogorc mTavari saerTaSoriso konsultanti, maT So-
ris, ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul proeqtebSi. man ris, ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul proeqtebSi. man
dawera wignebi istoriis swavlebis meTodologiaze; testebi dawera wignebi istoriis swavlebis meTodologiaze; testebi
istoriis swavlebisaTvis; istoriis swavlebis gamowvevebi da istoriis swavlebisaTvis; istoriis swavlebis gamowvevebi da
maTi pasuxebi, agreTve istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebi, damxmare maTi pasuxebi, agreTve istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebi, damxmare
saxelmZRvaneloebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi pedagogebisaTvis saxelmZRvaneloebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi pedagogebisaTvis
dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi. rumiana kuSeva aris gamoce-dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi. rumiana kuSeva aris gamoce-
mebis `ganaTleba da kvali fikacia~ da `dialogi istoriaSi~ mebis `ganaTleba da kvali fikacia~ da `dialogi istoriaSi~
mTavari redaqtori.
da bolos, saqarTveloSi evroklio/matras proeqtis ,,tol-da bolos, saqarTveloSi evroklio/matras proeqtis ,,tol-
erantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis gziT“ mTavari erantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis gziT“ mTavari
mrCeveli da samuSao furclebis ,,rogor vicxovreT erTad mrCeveli da samuSao furclebis ,,rogor vicxovreT erTad
saqarTveloSi me-20 saukuneSi“ mTavari redaqtori.
124
margaret gestsdotiri, , islandiis univer-
siteti, evroklios sabWos yofili wevri da
prezidenti.
margaret gestsdotiri aswavlis istorias
reikiavikis armulis kolejSi. is agreTve aris
islandiis universitetis socialur mecniereba-
Ta mimarTulebis studentebis pedagog-treneri;
sxvadasxva istoriis asociaciis aqtiuri wevri,
maT Soris, islandiis istorikosTa asociaciis, sadac wlebis
ganmavlobaSi monawileobda maswavleblebis gadamzadebaSi. is
CarTuli iyo sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufis saganmanaTleblo
programebis Seqmnasa da Sua saukuneebis istoriis kvlevasa da
swavlebaSi. mas gamoqveynebuli aqvs statiebi da interviuebi
orive saganSi.
din smartidin smarti (gaerTianebuli samefo) dasavleT
inglisis universiteti, bristo li, ev ro klios
sabWos wevri da yofili prezide nti .
din smarti aris pedagog-treneri dasav-
leT inglisis universitetSi, bristoli, didi
britaneTi. is muSaobs magistrebTan 11-18+
wlis asakis moswavleebisaTvis istoriis
swavlebis sakiTxebze. misi sadoqtoro naS-
romi (2006) dakavSirebulia inglisis istoriis saxelmZR-
vaneloebSi eTnikur umciresobaTa warmoCenasTan. din smartis
interesis ZiriTadi sferoa eTnikuri mravalferovneba da
multikulturuli ganaTleba. misi publikaciebis mizania mas-
wavleblebisaTvis daxmarebis gaweva, saskolo praqtika da sa-
muSao masalebis Seqmna. mas miwodebuli aqvs masalebi araerTi
vebgverdisaTvis, maT Soris: QCA (inglisis kvalifikaciisa da
kurikulumis centri), britaneTis biblioTeka, BBC da ing-
lisis warsuli yvelasaTvis. is aris britaneTis istoriis
maswavlebelTa saganmanaTleblo qselis (HTEN) mdivani da
istoriis swavlis, swavlebisa da kvlevis saerTaSoriso Ju-
istorikosi N1 2011
125
rnalis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri. is iyo evroklios pro-
eqtebis mrCeveli ruseTis federaciasa da makedoniaSi. amJamad
aris evroklios Jurnal `biuleteni~-s redaqtori.
Zintra liepina Zintra liepina (latvia), evroklios sab-
Wos yofili wevri da istoriis pedagogTa
latviis asociaciis wevri.
Zintra liepina aris istoriisa da so-
cialur mecnierebaTa maswavlebeli, aqvs ga-
naTlebis mecnierebebis magistris xarisxi.
aswavlis istoriasa da politikur mecniere-
bebs rigaSi, natalia drauZinas gimanaziaSi.
agreTve aris pedagog-treneri da ramdenime publikaciis, mas-
wavleblis wignis da damxmare masalebis avtori. Zintra
liepina CarTuli iyo evroklios ramdenime proeqtSi, rogorc
erovnuli koordinatori da eqsperti. 2006-2007 wlebSi iyo
istoriis pedagogTa latviis asociaciis Tavmjdomare.
profesori eial navehiprofesori eial navehi (israeli), israelis
demokratiis institutis ufrosi mecnier-Tanam-
Sromeli, politikuri saganmanaTleblo pro-
eqtis xelmZRvaneli.
eial navehi aris istoriis profesori Tel-
avivis universitetsa da kibucizmis ganaTlebis
kolejSi, ufrosi mecnier-Tanam Sromeli israe-
lis demokratiis institutSi. eial navehi as-
wavlis aSS-is istorias istoriis fakultetze da samarTlis
skolaSi. igi aseve aswavlida israelis istorias israelSi
da sazRvargareT. profesorma navehma miiRo doqtoris xarisxi
berklis (kalifornia) universitetSi. misi kvlevis mTavar
sferos warmoadgens aSS-is inteleqtualuri da kulturuli
istoria iseve, rogorc istoriis swavleba. man dawera eqvsi
saxelmZRvanelo israelis sajaro skolis sistemisaTvis da
uamravi samecniero narkvevi. eial navehis bolo sami wignia
126
– reinhold niehbur da arautopiuri idealizmi (saseqsis aka-– reinhold niehbur da arautopiuri idealizmi (saseqsis aka-
demiuri gamomcemloba, 2002), istoriebi: israelis warsulTan demiuri gamomcemloba, 2002), istoriebi: israelis warsulTan
dialogis misaRwevad (babelis publikaciebi, 2002) da amerikis dialogis misaRwevad (babelis publikaciebi, 2002) da amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebi – arsebuli demokratia (Ria universite-SeerTebuli Statebi – arsebuli demokratia (Ria universite-
tis gamomcemloba, 2007). profesori navehi aris `israel-tis gamomcemloba, 2007). profesori navehi aris `israel-
palestinis ori istoriuli Txrobis swavlebis~ proeqtSi palestinis ori istoriuli Txrobis swavlebis~ proeqtSi
israelis jgufis koordinatori da mrCeveli.
doqtori robert maieridoqtori robert maieri (germania), georg (germania), georg
ekertis saxelmZRvaneloTa kvlevis saerTa-ekertis saxelmZRvaneloTa kvlevis saerTa-
Soriso institutis ufrosi mecnier-Tanam-Soriso institutis ufrosi mecnier-Tanam-
Sromeli.
doqtorma robert maierma akademiuri xari-doqtorma robert maierma akademiuri xari-
sxi marburgSi miiRo, sadac aswavlida aRmosav-sxi marburgSi miiRo, sadac aswavlida aRmosav-
leT evropis istorias 1989 wlidan 1994 leT evropis istorias 1989 wlidan 1994
wlamde. 1994 wlidan igi muSaobs georg eker-wlamde. 1994 wlidan igi muSaobs georg eker-
tis institutSi, ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromlis Tanamdebobaze. tis institutSi, ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromlis Tanamdebobaze.
igi pasuxismgebelia proeqtebze ruseTSi, poloneTsa da dsT-s igi pasuxismgebelia proeqtebze ruseTSi, poloneTsa da dsT-s
saxelmwifoebSi (2002 wlidan CexeTis respublikaSic). misi saxelmwifoebSi (2002 wlidan CexeTis respublikaSic). misi
kvlevis specifikur sferos warmoadgens centraluri da aR-kvlevis specifikur sferos warmoadgens centraluri da aR-
mosavleTi evropa. garda saxelmZRvaneloebis kvlevisa da maTi mosavleTi evropa. garda saxelmZRvaneloebis kvlevisa da maTi
samecniero eqspertizisa, is dainteresebulia stalinizmis is-samecniero eqspertizisa, is dainteresebulia stalinizmis is-
toriiT, sabWoTa kavSiris istoriiTa da sabWoTa kavSirSi qa-toriiT, sabWoTa kavSiris istoriiTa da sabWoTa kavSirSi qa-
lTa moZraobiT. mas agreTve aqvs pedagogis xarisxi istoriaSi, lTa moZraobiT. mas agreTve aqvs pedagogis xarisxi istoriaSi,
politikur mecnierebasa da rusul enasa da literaturaSi.
doqtori viken Ceterianidoqtori viken Ceteriani (Sveica- (Sveica-
ria), programaria), programa CIMERA-s direqtori.
viken Ceteriani, mecnierebaTa doq-viken Ceteriani, mecnierebaTa doq-
tori, aris Jenevis politikuri anali-tori, aris Jenevis politikuri anali-
tikosi da konsultanti, muSaobs pro g-tikosi da konsultanti, muSaobs pro g-
rama CIMERA CIMERA-saTvis. evropis ga ze TebSi -saTvis. evropis ga ze TebSi
aqveynebda statiebs kavkasiis regionSi aqveynebda statiebs kavkasiis regionSi
1990-ian wlebis konfliqtebze, aseve 1990-ian wlebis konfliqtebze, aseve
istorikosi N1 2011
127
gamosca araerTi naSromi. viken Ceterianma uxelmZRvanela ram-gamosca araerTi naSromi. viken Ceterianma uxelmZRvanela ram-
denime proeqts, agreTve daarsa kavkasiis mediis instituti denime proeqts, agreTve daarsa kavkasiis mediis instituti
erevanSi, romelsac uxelmZRvanela 2002 wlidan 2005 wlamde. erevanSi, romelsac uxelmZRvanela 2002 wlidan 2005 wlamde.
misi axali naSromis saxelwodebaa ,,omi da mSvidoba kavkasiaSi, misi axali naSromis saxelwodebaa ,,omi da mSvidoba kavkasiaSi,
ruseTis darRveuli sazRvari“ (harsti da kolumbiis univer-ruseTis darRveuli sazRvari“ (harsti da kolumbiis univer-
sitetis gamomcemloba).
elma hasimbegoviCi (bosnia-hercegovi- (bosnia-hercegovi-
na), humanitarul mecnierebaTa magistri, ev-na), humanitarul mecnierebaTa magistri, ev-
roklios saresurso wignis `Cvveulebrivi roklios saresurso wignis `Cvveulebrivi
xal xi araCveulebriv qveyanaSi. yoveldRiuri xal xi araCveulebriv qveyanaSi. yoveldRiuri
cxov reba bosnia-hercegovinaSi, xorvatiasa da cxov reba bosnia-hercegovinaSi, xorvatiasa da
serbeTSi 1945-1990 wlebSi~ Tanaredaqtori.serbeTSi 1945-1990 wlebSi~ Tanaredaqtori.
elma hasimbegoviCi daibada bosnia-herce-elma hasimbegoviCi daibada bosnia-herce-
govinaSi, saraevoSi, 1977 wels. man daamTavra govinaSi, saraevoSi, 1977 wels. man daamTavra
saraevoSi filosofiis mecnierebaTa fakulteti, istoriis saraevoSi filosofiis mecnierebaTa fakulteti, istoriis
gan xriT. budapeStis centraluri evropis universitetSi gan xriT. budapeStis centraluri evropis universitetSi
moi pova Sua saukuneebis Seswavlis mecnierebaTa magistris moi pova Sua saukuneebis Seswavlis mecnierebaTa magistris
xarisxi. amJamad, aris amave universitetis doqtoranti. aswav-xarisxi. amJamad, aris amave universitetis doqtoranti. aswav-
lida istorias saraevos gimnaziaSi, kembrijis saSualo ga-lida istorias saraevos gimnaziaSi, kembrijis saSualo ga-
naTlebis saerTaSoriso zogadi sertifikatis naTlebis saerTaSoriso zogadi sertifikatis (IGCSE) pro-gramis mixedviT. elma hasimbegoviCi aris gimnaziebisaTvis gramis mixedviT. elma hasimbegoviCi aris gimnaziebisaTvis
Sed ge nili istoriis saxelmZRvanelos avtori. man monawil-Sed ge nili istoriis saxelmZRvanelos avtori. man monawil-
eoba miiRo bosnia-hercegovinis, xorvatiisa da serbeTis gaer-eoba miiRo bosnia-hercegovinis, xorvatiisa da serbeTis gaer-
Tianebul proeqtSi, romelic exeboda socializmis periodSi Tianebul proeqtSi, romelic exeboda socializmis periodSi
yoveldRiuri cxovrebis istorias yofili iugoslaviis am sam yoveldRiuri cxovrebis istorias yofili iugoslaviis am sam
respu blikaSi. igi aris saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesuli praqtikuli respu blikaSi. igi aris saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesuli praqtikuli
dava lebebis avtori, romlebic proeqtis Sedegad daiwera. dava lebebis avtori, romlebic proeqtis Sedegad daiwera.
amJamad elma hasimbegoviCi muSaobs kuratorad bosnia-her-
cegovinis istoriis muzeumSi, sadac man moawyo ramdenime mud-cegovinis istoriis muzeumSi, sadac man moawyo ramdenime mud-
mivmoqmedi da droebiTi gamofena.
128
ineke veldhuis-meesteri (niderlandebi)
istoriis pedagogTa holandiuri asocia-
cia.
ineke veldhuis-meesteri muSaobda asi-
stent-profesorad groningenis univer-
sitetSi (niderlandebi) pedagogTa gadamza-
debis kursebze da istoriis maswavleblad,
aseve saerTaSoriso saSualo ganaTlebis
sferoSi. man Seqmna saSualo skolis pedagogebis qseli da
iyo universitetis istoriis pedagogTa instruqtorebis Tavm-
jdomare. Cabmuli iyo istoriis erovnul gamocdebSi rogorc
istoriis erovnuli gamocdebis programis Semdgeneli Se-
fasebisa da aRricxvis erovnul institutSi (CITO). muSaobda istoriis da samoqalaqo swavlebis pedagogTa erovnul sab-
WoSi, niderlandebSi (VGN 1997-2000). iyo evropis saproeqto jgufis wevri `evropis istoriis swavla da swavleba XX
saukuneSi~, kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWo (1997-2001).
vorkSopebisa da publikaciebis saSualebiT (1991-1999), ioke
van der leu-roordTan erTad, danerga axali gamocdebi is-
toriaSi saSualo ganaTlebaSi, holandiis masStabiT. univer-
sitetidan wasvlis Semdeg groningenis merma niderlandebis
dedoflis saxeliT daajildova samefo medliT. dedofalma
mas mianiWa sapatio wodeba “Lady in the Order of Orange-Nassau” 2005. 2006 wlis Semdeg is muSaobs damoukidebel konsultan-
tad istoriis swavlebis meTodologiaSi.
fransuaz kompanieni (niderlandebi),
kulturis organizaciisa da menejmentis
departamenti, vrijes universiteti, am-
sterdami.
fransuaz kompanieni aris franguli
warmoSobis holandieli. igi swavlobda
anTrop ologias da praqtikul fsiqolo-
gias aSS-Si, belgiasa da niderlandebSi.
istorikosi N1 2011
129
igi aris asocirebuli profesori amsterdamis vrijes univer-
sitetSi. kompanienis specialoba aris interkulturuli komu-
nikacia da dialogi saqarTvelosa da niderlandebis xalxebs
Soris. aris avtori wignisa ,,tradiciulobasa da Tanamedro-
veobas Soris: arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa liderebis rolis
gaazreba saqarTvelos demokratizaciis procesSi“.
irina kostiuki (ukraina), istoriis
maswavlebelTa ukrainis asociacia „nova-
doba“. evroklio/matras proeqtis „axali
droeba, axali istoria~ koordinatori.
irina kostiuks pedagogobis 25 wliani
gamocdileba aqvs, rogorc saSualo skolis
istoriis maswavlebels da 10 wliani ga-
mocdileba, rogorc istoriisa da samo-
qalaqo ganaTlebis treners. 1994-dan 2004 wlamde parale-
lurad muSaobda lvovis regionalur institutSi rogorc
leqtori da istoriis swavlebis meTodebis specialisti.
2006-2007 wlebSi irina muSaobda meTodistad kvalifikaciis
amaRlebis lvovis regionalur centrSi, sadac bolo wlebSi
amzadebda da amowmebda testebs istoriis Sida gamocdebisT-
vis. is aris evroklios konferenciebisa da standartebis, pro-
gramebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis problemebze evropis sabWos
seminarebis aqtiuri monawile. aris saswavlo masalebis: `Cven
_ ukrainis moqalaqeebi~ (samoqalaqo ganaTleba), `Cven vzrdiT
pirovnebas da individs~ (adamianis uflebebis swavleba isto-
riis gziT), `me, Sen, is...~ (antidiskriminaciuli ganaTleba),
ukrainaSi holokostis Sesaxeb maswavleblis wignis `xeli
moawere~, saxelmZRvanelos `istoriuli epoqa pirovnebis
TvaliT. ukraina da evropa 1900-1939 wlebSi~ _ Tanaavtori
da saganmanaTleblo redaqtori. amJamad is aris matras pro-
eqtis `ukrainuli wignebi tolerantobis ganaTlebisaTvis~
trenerebis gundis wevri.
130
iulia kuSneriova iulia kuSneriova (ruseTi), istoriis mas-
wavlebelTa moskovis asociacia, evroklio/ma-
tras proeqtis `kulturebis mozaika~ avtori.
iulia kuSneriova aris istoriisa da samo-
qalaqo ganaTlebis maswavlebeli. 1989 wli-
dan muSaobs moskovis gimnaziaSi. 1985 wels
daamTavra moskovis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri
universitetis istoriis fakulteti. iyo is-
toriis maswavlebelTa moskovis asociaciis gamgeobis wevri.
orjer dajildovda rogorc istoriis pedagogi: miiRo wo-
deba „moskovis pedagogi“ da aris proeqt `ruseTis saukeTeso
maswavleblebi~-s gamarjvebuli. evroklios aqtivobebSi Car-
Tulia 1998 wlidan rogorc monawile, koordinatori da
eqsperti. muSaobda ruseTis ganaTlebis saministros eqspertad,
saerTaSoriso avtorad da ruseTsa da ukrainaSi istoriis
ganaTlebis proeqtebis eqspertad. iulia kuSneriova araerTi
publikaciis avtoria istoriisa da istoriuli ganaTlebis
Sesaxeb. maT Soris aris saxelmZRvaneloebi `1960-iani wlebis
msoflio: iluziebi da gulgatexiloba~ (Tanaavtori) da
`kulturebis mozaika~ (Tanaavtori), enciklopedia“Etiquette” (Tanaavtori) da CD `Sua saukuneebis istoria~ Tanaavtori da redaqtori.
tomas Serlokitomas Serloki (aSS), vest pointis sam-
xedro akademiis politikur mecnierebaTa
profesori. sadoqtoro disertacia daicva
kolumbiis universitetSi, sadac kiTxu-
lobda leqciebs SedarebiTi politikis, de-
mokratizaciisa da postsabWoTa regionis
Sesaxeb. tomas Serlokis kvlevis sferoSi
Sedis identurobis politika evraziasa
da samxreT aziaSi. is aris avtori wignisa ,,istoriuli
moTxrobebi sabWoTaA kavSirSi da post sabWoTa ruseTSi~ da
Tanaavtori wignisa ,,brZola kanonierebisaTvis: demokratia
istorikosi N1 2011
131
terorizmis sapirispirod~. misi statiebi gamoqveynebulia
araerT samecniero JurnalSi, romelTa Soris aris Sedar-
ebiTi politika, komunizmis problemebi, imperiaze, istoriisa
da sazogadoebaTmcodneobis swavleba skolaSi (ruseTi), ko-
mentarebi (safrangeTi). mas ekuTvnis calkeuli Tavebi sxva-
dasxva wignSi, romelTa Soris ukanaskneli dafinansebulia
karnegis sabWos, gaeros universitetisa da saerTaSoriso
swavlebisa da kvlevis centris (parizi) mier. misi statiebi
daibeWda iseT gazeTebSi, rogoricaa interneiSenal herald
tribuni. 2005-2007 wlebSi iyo vest pointis socialur
mecnierebaTa departamentis SedarebiTi politikis mimar-
Tulebis xelmZRvaneli.
stiven stegersi ( (niderlandebi). stiven
stegersma daamTavra garemos globaluri is-
toriis fakulteti, aseve leidenis univer-
sitetis socialuri fsiqologiis fakulteti.
igi Tavis sadiplomo SromaSi xazs usvams
fundamentur cvlilebas adamianisa da garemos
urTierTobaSi mas Semdeg, rac adamianma daiwyo
wiaRiseuli energiis gamoyeneba. garda amisa
stiveni gatacebiT muSaobs interaqtiur, eleqtronul da mul-
timediur saSualebebze, rac aucilebelia istoriaSi saerTo
Temebisa da evropuli memkvidreobis Sesaswavlad.
2006 wlidan stiveni muSaobs evroklios samdivnoSi pro-
eqtebis menejerad. misi specialobaa proeqtebis Seqmna. man
warmatebuli winadadebebiT Tavisi wvlili Seitana programeb-
Si ,,swavla mTeli cxovrebis manZilze” da ,,evropa moqalaqe-
obisaTvis”. CarTulia proeqtSi „tolerantobis mSenebloba
istoriis swavlebis gziT“. ramdenjerme iyo saqarTveloSi
da exmareboda Cvens asociacias aRniSnuli proeqtis ganxor-
cielebaSi.
132
blandin smilanski (safrangeTi). blan-
dini safrangeTSi swavlobda humanitarul
fakultetze, vidre aiRebda meore diploms
Tanamedrove istoriaSi _ Carlzis univer-
sitetSi, praRaSi. mas aqvs aseve magistris
wodeba kulturis menejmentSi parizis
politikuri mecnierebebis institutidan. man
evroklios samdivnoSi proeqtebis menejerad
muSaoba daiwyo 2008 wlis maisSi. igi dResdReobiT muSaobs
sxvadasxva mimdinare programebSi: ,,evropis warsuli, awmyo
da momavali”, ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis
gziT”. am ukanasknelze muSaobisas araerTxel iyo saqarT-
veloSi da exmareboda Cvens asociacias aRniSnuli proeqtis
ganxorcielebaSi.
patrik barkeripatrik barkeri (gaerTianebuli samefo),
evroklio _ istoriis pedagogTa evropuli
asociacia.
patrik barkerma 2009 wlis ivlisSi
daamTavra manCesteris universiteti (didi
britaneTi) da miiRo bakalavris xarisxi
politikasa da uaxles istoriaSi. muSao-
bda evroklios proeqtis (istoriis peda-
gogTaTvis) asistentad bulgareTSi, bosnia-hercegovinasa da
TurqeTSi. misi sabakalavro xarisxi moicavs interkulturul
vaWrobas Tanamedrove epoqis dasawyisSi. evroklioSi muSaob-
da proeqtis dagegmvaze dasavleT balkaneTisTvis da saerTa-
Soriso kvleviT proeqtebze, romlebic Seexeboda istoriis
swavlebis reformaTa iniciativebis gavlenas. amJamad patrik
barkeri saqarTvelos proeqtis ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba
istoriis swavlebis gziT~ asistentia da nayofierad TanamS-
romlobs Cvens asociaciasTan.
istorikosi N1 2011
133
r e c e n z i a
cota xnis win, gamomcemloba „ji-
siai“-m frangi avtoris, iv tisies me-
tad saintereso, fundamenturi naSromi
gamosca. avtors mis saxelwodebad
„evropis leqsikoni“ SeurCevia. erTi
SexedviT, ZiriTadi saTauri ar axdens
STabeWdilebas, magram mkiTxvels wig-
nisadmi sruliad ganawyobs iqve mcire
asoebiT miwerili saTauris ganmarteba:
„gamqrali da Tanamedrove saxelmwi-
foebi 1789 wlidan dRemde“. ganmarteba naTels hfens naSro-
mis dedaarss da did interess aRuZravs mkiTxvels.
naSromi gamorCeulad mainc qarTvel istorikosebs, poli-
tologebsa da moqmed politikosebs (rogorc gamobrZmedil,
aseve damwyebs) daainteresebs. masSi xom bevri iseTi saWir-
boroto da saintereso sakiTxia ganxiluli, romelic prob-
lematuria dRevandeli saqarTvelosTvis da axlo momavalSi
gadawyvets kidec misi saxelmwifoebriobis beds, mis momavals.
vfiqrobT, saintereso da aucilebeli iqneba igi aseve stu-
dentTaTvis, romlebic zemoT CamoTvlil specialobebs eufle-
bian. wigni bevr iseT movlenas gaacnobs maT, romelTa gareSec
faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli iqneboda evropaSi mimdinare poli-
tikuri procesebis gasigrZeganeba.
erTi mxriv, albaT didma interesma da imavdroulad qar-
Tuli saxelmwifosTvis mniSvnelovanma aqtualobam ganapiroba
swored am wigniT qarTvel istorikos-mkvlevarTa daintere-
axali gamocemebi da recenziebi
134
seba. igi iTargmna marina balavaZisa da nana cqitiSvilis mier.
wignis redaqtoria istorikosi, cnobili mecnieri da pedagogi,
profesori oTar janeliZe. naSromi stilisturad sakmaod
gamarTulia, Targmnilia Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo
eniT da ikiTxeba sainteresod. amitom igi udavod karg STabe-
Wdilebas moaxdens mkiTxvelze.
evropismcodneoba, rogorc samecniero mimarTuleba, CvenSi
ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg gaCnda, magram igi jer kidev Camoyali-
bebisa da ganviTarebis procesSia. migvaCnia, rom am naSromis ga-
mocema mniSvnelovani etapia saistorio mecnierebis am dargis
ganviTarebis gzaze. wignis mniSvnelobas kidev ufro zrdis
is garemoeba, rom am dargSi msgavsi moculobisa da Sinaarsis
monografia CvenSi pirvelad iTargmna.
naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, oTxi nawilis, sarCevis, ruka-
Ta sarCevis da politikuri rukebis krebulisagan. yovelive
moicavsB5 formatis 825 gverds. masSi warmodgenilia daw-
vrilebiTi informacia, Tu ra teritoriuli cvlilebebi gani-
cades evropis saxelmwifoebma safrangeTis didi revoluciis
Semdeg, rogor daaCqara am didma istoriulma movlenam maTi
politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli trans-
formacia. mkiTxveli gaecnoba, politikuri ganviTarebis ra
fazebi ganvlo evropam 1789 wlidan moyolebuli dRemde.
ratom warmoiSva an piriqiT, gaqra evropis rukidan rigi sax-
elmwifoebisa. avtori, konkretuli istoriuli faqtebis kon-
stataciis safuZvelze cdilobs axsnas, Tu ratom gamoiyureba
evropis politikuri ruka ase dRes; is, Tu rogor viTarde-
bodnen evropis saxelmwifoebi me-18 s-is bolodan dRemde.
naSromSi araa gamorCeuli cnobili da naklebad cnobili,
didi da patara, an gamqrali saxelmwifoebi. avtori cdilobs,
politikuri wonidan da avtoritetidan gamomdinare, vrclad
an mokled, yvela maTgani gaacnos dainteresebul pirs. misi
mizania aRweros politikuri bataliebi, romlebmac ganapi-
robes am saxelmwifoTa aRzeveba an dacema, anda zogierTis
sruliad gaqroba evropis politikuri rukidan.
istorikosi N1 2011
135
safrangeTis didi revolucia WeSmaritad uZlieresi bi-
Zgi iyo axali wesrigis damyarebisa evropis saxelmwifoebSi.
man zRvari dado Zvel, tradiciul, feodalur da axal, mod-
ernizebul, ganviTarebul evropas Soris. safrangeTis revo-
luciis Semdeg ki venis kongresi iyo is pirveli legitimuri
saerTaSoriso organizacia, romelmac daakanona axali wesrigi
evropaSi da kontinentze droebiT daabalansa politikuri
Zalebi. kongresis gadawyvetilebebma, samxedro-politikuri
Zlierebidan da saerTaSoriso avtoritetidan gamomdinare,
yvela saxelm wifos miuCina Tavisi adgili. evropis sazRvrebis
pirveli seriozuli gadanawileba swored aqedan daiwyo.
naSromSi danarTis saxiT warmodgenilia informacia ro-
gorc friad mniSvnelovan, aseve SedarebiT naklebad cno-
bil, TiTqmis miviwyebul movlenebsa da problemebze evropis
istoriidan: germaniis saRvTo romis imperiaze; napoleonis
sarezervo teritoriebze; rainis konfederaciaze; germaniis
konfederaciaze; meore raixze; ZiriTad diplomatiur aqtebze
1789 wlidan dRemde da sxva. erTad Tavmoyrili es masalebi
erTian monografiad aqamde ar gamoqveynebula. vfiqrobT, naS-
romis mniSvnelobaze esec kargad metyvelebs.
wignis gacnobisas erTi momenti mkiTxvels uciloblad
moxvdeba TvalSi. masSi saTanadodaa aRwerili aramarto ruse-
Tis imperiisa da misi memkvidris, sabWoTa kavSiris istoria. aq
Cven vxvdebiT ssrk-s nangrevebze aRmocenebul iseT evropul
saxelmwifoebs, rogorebicaa: belorusi, estoneTi, litva, lat-
via, moldova da ukraina. kavkasiis yelis qveynebs: saqarTvelos,
somxeTisa da azerbaijanis respublikebs avtori naSromSi ar
ganixilavs. CvenTvis es, erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba gulsatkenia,
magram ar aris miuRebeli. Tanamedrove geografiis princi-
pebidan Tu amovalT, aseTi midgoma sruliad gasagebia, magram
geostrategiuli TvalsazrisiT, evropel swavlulTa aseTi
pozicia vfiqrobT, TviT evropisTvis qmnis problemas. aqve
isic unda vTqvaT, rom jer kidev geografiis mamad wodebuli
strabonidan moyolebuli, kavkasiis da miTumetes saqarTvelos
136
(konkretulad das. saqarTvelos) teritoriis evropaze Tu
aziaze mikuTvneba, sxvadasxva epoqaSi sxvadasxvanairad wyde-
boda. sabolood, albaT, dro yvelafers miuCens Tavis adgils.
naSromi ar warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos da arc aqvs amis
pretenzia. igi marTlac kargi leqsikonia, magram aqve unda
iTqvas erTi mniSvnelovani ram. masSi imdenad bevri da sain-
tereso masalaa Tavmoyrili evropis saxelmwifoebze, rom
mkiTxvels sakmaod mdidar informacias awvdis maT Sesaxeb.
amitom, iv tisies zemoTxsenebuli naSromis Targmna, udavod
saWiro, drouli da mniSvnelovania evropis istoriiT dain-
teresebuli farTo auditoriisaTvis.
naSromi kargi stimulia Cveni istorikosebis, geografebisa
da politologebisaTvis, raTa samomavlod msgavsi leqsikoni
an mcire enciklopedia mieZRvnas kavkasias, anda Savi zRvis au-
zis qveynebs. igi uciloblad daakmayofilebs universitetebis
profesor-maswavlebelTa, mecnierTa, studentTa da ubralod,
dainteresebul pirTa ukmarisobis grZnobas am kuTxiT da re-
gionuli TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs uTuod
gazrdis.
naSromi, udavod, saWiroc aris da droulic. politikosebma
uciloblad unda gaiTvaliswinon masSi aRweril saxelmwi-
foTa istoria da yvela is niuansi, romlebmac ganapiroba maTi
Semdgomi bedi. metic, maT igi samagido wignad unda aqcion. igi
did daxmarebas gauwevs profesionalebs, saTanadod gaerkvnen
im farul, kuluarul politikur dinebebsa da qmedebebSi, rac
warmarTavda da dResac warmarTavs evropis qveynebis politi-
kas. es ki aucilebelia Tundac imisTvis, rom dRes gansacdel-
Si myofma, didi politikis oromtrialsa da manipulaciebSi
CaTreulma saqarTvelom SeinarCunos saxelmwifoebrioba da
ar gaiziaros evropis politikuri rukidan gamqral saxelm-
wifoTa bedi.
istoriis doqtori giorgi kiknaZe
istorikosi N1 2011
137
nodar asaTiani, oTar janeliZe
saqarTvelos istoria,
Tb., ,,petiti“, 2009
(ing lisur enaze)
wigni ZiriTadad ucxoeli mkiTx-
velisTvisaa gamiznuli. Cveni qveynis
warsulis ganmazogadebel am naSromSi
saqarTvelos istoria uZvelesi droidan 2008 wlis agvistos
ruseT-saqarTvelos omis CaTvliT kompleqsuradaa ganxiluli.
wignSi gaSuqebulia yvela qveynis socialur-politikuri,
ekonomikuri da kulturuli ganviTarebis problemebi, magram
naSromis umetesi nawili sabWoTa da postkomunisturi sinamd-
vilis warmoCenas eZRvneba, rac sazRvargareT am sakiTxebi-
sadmi arsebuli didi interesiTaa ganpirobebuli. sainteresod
SerCeuli fotomasaliT ilustrirebul wigns daerTvis is-
torikos manana SeyilaZis mier specialurad am naSromisaTvis
inglisur enaze Sedgenili feradi rukebi
levan bregaZe
mogzauroba „kaukaziSe postis“
furclebze
Tb., ,,artanuji”, 2010
levan bregaZis naSromSi monografi-
uladaa Seswavlili TbilisSi, 1906-
1914 wlebSi gamomavali germanuli
138
gazeTi „kaukaziSe po sti“. umTavresi yuradReba eqceva kavkasi-
uri Tema tikis Semcve li masalebis analizs.
wigni gamoadgeba kavkasiologebs, germanul -qarTuli, kavka-
siuri literaturul-kulturuli urTierTobebis mkvlevarT,
Jurnalistebs, literaturaTmcodneebs, Targmanis Teore ti-
k osebs, lingvistebs, istorikosebs. mas interesiT wai kiT xavs
agreTve yvela, visac Tavgadasavali izidavs, adamianebis, teq-
stebis, sityvebis Tavgadasavali.
oTar janeliZe
saqarTvelos axali da Tanamedrove
istoria, Tb., „universali“, 2009
wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTve-
los istoria XIX saukunis damdegidan
2008 wlis agvistos ruseT-saqarTve-
los omis CaTvliT.
naSromi gamorCeulia imiT, rom mas-
Si mocemulia 1801-1917 wlebSi saqarTvelos rus xelisufal-
Ta moRvaweobis uaryofiTi da dadebiTi Sedegebi, gamokveTilia
yvela mTavarmarTeblisa da mefisnacvlis portreti, gaanali-
zebulia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis saSinao da
sagareo politika 1918-1921 wlebSi, Seswavlilia komunistu-
ri periodis saqarTvelos Suq-Crdilebi, mimoxilulia postsa-
bWoTa xanis miRwevebi da gamowvevebi suverenuli da demokra-
tiuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRmSeneblobis mimarTulebiT da
sxva sakiTxebi.
istorikosi N1 2011
139
revaz gaCeCilaZe
Cemi XX saukune
Tb., ,,bakur sulakauris
gamomcemloba“, 2009
avtori wina saukunis saqarTvelos
msoflio geopolitikisa da istoriis
konteqstSi ganixilavs. wigni XX sauku-
nis I naxevris iseTi saintereso da mniS-
vnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs,
rogorebicaa: pirveli da meore msoflio omebi, maTi mizezebi
da Sedegebi; ruseTis romanovebis, germaniis hohencolernebis,
avstria-ungreTis habsburgebis, TurqeTis osmanTa imperiebis
saxelebis waSla msoflios politikuri rukidan da sxva.
mariam CxartiSvili
istoriuli mecnierebis Sesavali.
(saleqcio kursis
konspeqturi gadmocema),
Tb., „universali“, 2009
istoria ara marto gmiruli warsulis
faqtebis xsovnaa, aramed samecniero dis-
ciplina, romelic gardasuli sinamdvilis
reprezentacias axdens racionaluri Sem-
ecnebis gziT da specifikuri diskursis
meSveobiT. ra ganasxvevebs istorias adamianTmcodneobis sxva
dargebisagan (da, sazogadod, yvela sxva mecnierebisagan) da ra
saxis codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebaa saWiro imisaTvis,
rom profesionali istorikosi gaxdeT? wigni dainteresebul
mkiTxvels am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaSi daexmareba.
140
giorgi kiknaZe
saqarTvelos istoria
Tb., „zena“, 2010
sakiTxavi wigni _ `saqarTvelos is-
toria” uwinaresad saSualo asakis mo-
swavleebzea gaTvlili. igi warmoadgens
mcdelobas, SeZlebisdagvarad mokled, ma-
gram informatiulad mouTxros bavSvebs
Cveni qveynis warsuli. wigni sakmaod
lamazadaa gaformebuli feradi ilustraciebiT. aq mravladaa
gamoyenebuli specialurad am asakis bavSvebisaTvis Seqmnili
istoriuli rukebi, rac wigns kidev ufro sainteresos da mim-
zidvels xdis. wigni warmoadgens ortomeulis pirvel nawils.
uaxloes momavalSi misi meore nawilis gamocemac igegmeba.
nana soloRaSvili
qarTl-kaxeTis politikuri
mdgomareoba XVIII s. I naxevarSi,
Tb., ,, Tamarioni“, 2010
naSromi eyrdnoba dRemde gamouqvey-
nebel istoriul dokumentebs, ris sa-
fuZvelzec istoriul mecnierebaSi
aqamde arsebuli Sexedulebebisagan gan-
sxvavebulad aris war moCenili XVIII s.
qarTlisa da kaxe Tis samefoebis politikuri istoriis zogi-
erTi sakiTxi.
wignSi axleburadaa gaSuqebuli qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI-
isa da kaxeTis mefeebis, daviT imamyuli-xanisa da konstantine
mahmadyuli-xanis urTierTobebi. aseve, srulad aris gaSuqe-
buli Teimuraz-erekles politikuri moRvaweoba 1762 wlamde.
istorikosi N1 2011
141
mTavari redaqtorisagan ......................................................................................... 3
asociacia da misi partniorebi
nana cixisTavinana cixisTavi _ istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociacia ........................................................................................................................... 5
ioke van der leu-roordiioke van der leu-roordi _ evroklios istoria................................ 10
nana cixisTavinana cixisTavi _ proeqti ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba
saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“...................................................20
elene meZmariaSvilielene meZmariaSvili _ krebuli `rogor vicxovreT erTad
saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSi~ (anotacia) .....................................................32
saerTaSoriso siaxleebi istoriis swavlebaSi
ioke van der leu-roordiioke van der leu-roordi _ ganaTleba inkluziurobis,
cnobierebis amaRlebisa da tolerantobisaTvis: ZiriTadi
Temebi sakiTxis droulobisa da mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ......................43
robert maierirobert maieri _ interkulturalizmi da istoriis swavleba ....63
qarTveli istorikosebis saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebi
Sorena xecurianiSorena xecuriani _ naimexenis gakveTilebi anu qarTvel
istorikosTa evropuli integracia ..............................................................72
mecniereba da ganaTleba
nino kiRuraZenino kiRuraZe _ nacionalisturi narativi da interkulturuli
istoria axal qarTul saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi ..........................78
leri TavaZeleri TavaZe _ saistorio kvlevis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi
– ra aris saWiro ........................................................................................................89
giorgi kiknaZegiorgi kiknaZe _ saqarTvelosa da niderlandebis
urTierTobis saTaveebTan .....................................................................................94
elene bodavelielene bodaveli _ istoriis swavlebis problemebi
multieTnikur sazogadoebaSi (saqarTvelos magaliTi) ....................100
istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis
mimdinare saqmeebi (manana SeyilaZe)manana SeyilaZe) ................................................. 110
Cveni saerTaSoriso eqspertebi ......................................................122
axali gamocemebi da recenziebi................................................... 133
Sinaarsi
SeniSvnebisaTvis
SeniSvnebisaTvis
დაიბეჭდა შპს “ფავორიტი პრინტში”