ITU International Satellite Communication Symposium
Geneva, June 2016Klaus MECHER
BNetzA, Germany
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016 Slide 2Klaus MECHER
Space Radio Monitoring within the
Bundesnetzagentur / Federal Network Agency
1 Space Radio Monitoring Station at Leeheim
4 Service Centres withmobile TLS reference transmitters and for microwave measurements
4 Service Centres formicrowave measurements
Slide 3Klaus MECHER
Motivation for Space Radio Monitoring
Knowledge of the real spectrum usage is a precondition for an efficient spectrum management and for negotiations
Spectrum monitoring is an essential tool to provide this knowledge to frequency managers
Detection and elimination of interference
These considerations apply to all radio services and the whole radio spectrum
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 4Klaus MECHER
Tasks Monitoring of emissions for compliance
with national and international rules-verification of orbital and spectral parameters
Occupancy measurements- spectral and spatial elements- verification of operational parameters
Compatibility measurements
Search for interferers or for unauthorized users
Inspection of earth stations
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Categories of interference
Interference caused by adjacent satellites Interference caused by terrestrial services Interference due to malfunction of
equipment Interference due to faulty operation Deliberate interference of a satellite
service Interference to the radio astronomy
service caused by satellites Interference to Earth exploration satellites
caused by terrestrial servicesITU Workshop Geneva 2013 Slide 5Klaus MECHER
ITU Workshop Geneva 2013Klaus MECHER
Space Radio Monitoring Stationat Leeheim
Bundesnetzagentur / Federal Network Agency
Germany
Slide 6
Slide 7Klaus MECHER
Leeheim a Central Location in Europe
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 8Klaus MECHER
67° W 83° E
Visible Geostationary Orbit: 67° W - 83° E
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 9Klaus MECHER
Leeheim Monitoring Station
SHF 2MBASHF 1
VHF/UHF
HGO
Omni
Klaus MECHER
Omnidirectional Antennas
High Gain Omni (HGO)
Conical Spiral Omni
Slide 11Klaus MECHER
HGO: Antenna Array (0.5 - 40 GHz)
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016 Slide 12Klaus MECHER
Spectra Power Position Bandwidth Frequency
Standard Measurements
Slide 13Klaus MECHER
Measurements Below The Noise Floor
Carrier Analysis
High Gain Omni Antenna 2 Channel Realtime Recorder
Frequency Band Recorder
Geolocation Systems
Special Measurements
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016 Slide 14Klaus MECHER
2 Channel Realtime Recorder
2 Channel RealTime Recorder Specs
Input frequency range (center frequency) 1 MHz - 140 MHz
Input bandwidth 36 MHz
Sampling rate per channel 5 MSps - 80 MSps
Frequency resolution (36 MHz bandwidth) 1 kHz - 100 kHz
Frequency resolution (smaller bandwidth) 60 Hz - 100 kHz
Number of spectral lines Up to 40 000
Digitizing Real-time, min. 16 Bit
Lossless digitizing of the signal, so that recorded signal can be demodulated / analyzed
Max record duration min. 10 h I/Q and PSD data
Hard disk array 32 TByte (16 TByte per channel)
Interference free dynamic range 75 dB
Channel decoupling 100 dB
Average Noise Level (input terminated) -160 dBm/Hz
Level accuracy 0,2 dB
Level resolution 0,1 dB
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016 Slide 15Klaus MECHER
Out-Of-Band / In-Band Comparison
Slide 16Klaus MECHER
Out-Of-Band (averaging 128) In-Band (averaging 256)
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Out-Of-Band / In-Band Comparison 2
Slide 17Klaus MECHER
Out-Of-Band: No averaging In-Band: No averaging
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Klaus MECHERSlide 18
Interferer
interferedsatellite
neighbouringsatellite
Space Radio Monitoring
Station Leeheim
Transmitter
Location
System
Mobile Reference Transmitters
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 19Klaus MECHER
Locations of the Reference Transmitters in Germany
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 20Klaus MECHER
TLS Facilities DownLink Frequency Ranges
L/S-Band 1.5 - 2.3 GHzC-Band 3.4 - 4.2 GHz
X-Band 7.25 - 7.75 GHzKu-Band 10.7 - 12.75 GHz
Ka-Band 18.3 - 22.0 GHzNew: 1 – 40 GHz synthesized Block-DownConverter
3 Large Parabolic Dish AntennasDiameter of 7m, 8.5m and 12m
One Block-Downconverter for both channels (each antenna and frequency band)
Avoid frequency inaccuracy
Dual Satellites TLS-Measurement-SystemState of the art 4 channel L-Band input digitiser system
Single Satellite TLS-Measurement-System2 channel L-Band input digitiser system
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 21Klaus MECHER
Our Geolocation History 2005 Beginning of TLS Measurements
the first commercial geolocation measurement system
2007 Upgrade with 4 Reference TransmittersAvoiding problems with wrong reference station information'sMore flexible use of the EEC functionImprovement of the localisation accuracy
2011 Upgrade of the TLS system with new hard- and softwareUsing L-Band input and block downconvertersQuick-Start-Function and better handling, extended digitising and computing power for better and faster results.
2014 Upgrade result averaging and computing for more accurate results
2016 New TLS System for measurements with single satellite
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Signal does not match with the interference signal
Slide 22Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 23Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Signal matches with the interference signal
Slide 24Klaus MECHER
Geolocation Experience Interference of TV-Signals
Wrong antenna alignment with small antennas Radar interferes into the satellite receiver
Localisation points spread up over big area but feasible VSAT
Large part of interferers – faulty functions of VSAT-Stations Sweeping Interferer
very difficult to measure and also time-consumingDisappears often during measurement and search
Interferer retransmit original signals with high powerVery difficult to measure
CW-Signal InterfererMultiple measurements over longer time and accumulation of frequency lines or using Single Satellite TLS
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 25Klaus MECHER
Geolocation Experience (cont.)
Deliberate Jamming on Commercial Satellites- The measurements for these emissions are the same as for interference cases. However, due to the nature of these emissions any co-operation cannot be assumed.- All locations in countries are far away. Time consuming to collect all the necessary information and parameter.
“Last Mile” Interferer Search- Closing in on transmitter on Earth surface in the vicinity of the localized point of interferer with vehicles and helicopters within GermanyDifficult and time consumingIn the near future the use of multicopter drones is planned
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 26Klaus MECHER
Reference Transmitter Measurement Campaign
Influence of the reference transmitter location on accuracy
How to improve the measurements Which measuring precision can be
achieved Which variables affect the measurements Improving our understanding
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 27Klaus MECHER
Campaign in 3 countries
Different geographic constellationsFrance - Germany: East - WestSpain - Germany: North-East - South-WestSwitzerland - Germany: North – South
Different distances to reference transmitters in GermanyDistance to nearest reference transmitter in GermanyFrance - Germany: 360 kmSpain - Germany: 1400 kmSwitzerland - Germany: 300 km
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 28Klaus MECHER
“Portable” Reference Transmitter
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
ITU Workshop Geneva 2013 Slide 29Klaus MECHER
Slide 30Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 31Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 32Klaus MECHER
16.3
146
km
3.2
82
km
Ref. Reims 435 km Ref. Leeheim 580 km
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 33Klaus MECHER
Conclusions of the Campaign
• Improvement by … Short distance Reference in line with satellites and target Selection of two satellite with non-
synchronous movement Choice of best time of day Ephemeris Error Correction (EEC) Accumulation by multiple measurements
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 34Klaus MECHER
Limitations of TLS Measurements (Dual Satellite Technique)
Large amount of powerful traffic on the adjacent satellite
Usable adjacent satellite not close enough(not enough power on adjacent sat.)
Not enough sidelobe power on the adjacent satellite (big interferer antenna)
High power retransmitting interferer Slow satellite movement
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Single Satellite TLS Advantages
No adjacent satellite is required No satellite orbit data required Independent of the type of the interferer
signal structure No need to wait for the best time of the
day to get a useable constellation of the two satellites
Slide 35Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Limitations of Single Sat. TLS
The location of the compared signal must be known or need to be found out
The interferer must be located in the vicinity of other satellite transmitters
Slide 36Klaus MECHER ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Klaus MECHERSlide 37
Customers of Leeheim are...organisations or individuals, responsible for
frequency management spectrum engineering licensing conditions satellite system filing and frequency registration frequency co-ordination interference handling
who are under German jurisdiction, or, authorities who are members of the CEPT SatMoU, or,other authorities or operators on a comparable contractual basis or due to the ITU SatMoC.
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 38Klaus MECHER
The CEPT SatMoU
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Switzerland
The Netherlands
Spain
Luxembourg
What about your Country ?
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 39Klaus MECHER
Main objectives of the MoU
The SAT MoU provides the possibility for any Administration of the CEPT to access and undertake satellite monitoring activities under the conditions of the MoU.
To create a common understanding and provide a cooperation among the signatories for getting measurement results (Leeheim Station) for their own purpose.
To establish a procedure based on a non-profit making funding and a common management of satellite monitoring activities within the CEPT.
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Klaus MECHER
Join in the CEPT SatMoU : http://www.cept.org/eco/groups/eco/sat-mou/client/introduction/
Slide 40ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016
Slide 41Klaus MECHER
Questions?
ITU Int. Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva 2016