8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
1/26
Global construction consultants
WIND/SOLAR ENERGY TRADING: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVEJohn Connaughton | Ecobuild 2010
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
2/26
RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY - Making it work
Obstacles
Natural energy sources are variable high levels of fossil-fuel
back-up are requiredHigh capital expense vs fossil fuels (at least for now)
Grid infrastructure is nation-based rather than regional
Solutions
Capture energy where it is abundant and transport it to where itsneeded
Make use of multiple types of energy to offset variabilityCapture and distribute energy over a wide area to balance supplyand demand
Use storage mechanisms to meet peaks in demand
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
3/26
RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY - Making it work
David Mackay: UK Government Chief Scientist (Sustainable Energy without the hot air)
Places like Britain and Europe are in a pickle because they have largepopulation densities, and all the available renewables are diffuse theyhave small power density.
we should look to countries that have three things: a) low population
density; b) large area; and c) a renewable power supply with high powerdensity
Lord Turner, CCC. Dec 2008:
"Solar energy reaching the earth each day is around 10,000 times currenttotal human energy consumption.
Both solar PV and CSP could theoretically meet all 2050 global electricityneeds with a land use of less than 0.4% of global land surface area.
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
4/26
ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARED
Peak Power 100 to 2000 hours per year 10 to 25 ct/kWh
Pumped Hydro Storage, Fuel Oil, Gas Turbine, Biomass,Geothermal, CSP
Intermediate Power 2000 to 5000 h/y 5 to 12 ct/kWh
Coal, Gas Combined Cycle, Biomass, Geothermal, CSPBase Load 6000 to over 8000 h/y 3 to 6 ct/kWh
Coal, Lignite,Nuclear, River run-off, Gas combined cycle, Co-
generation, Wind, Solar PV, Geothermal, CSP
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
5/26
RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN EU-MENA
(Yield in GWhel/km/y)
Solar (up to 250)
Biomass (0-1)Geothermal (0-1) Wind (0-50)
Hydropower (0-50)
A CSP plant of thesize of Lake Nasserequals the total Middle
East oil production
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
6/26
HARVESTING SOLAR ENERGY IN BULK
Solar PV
Scaleable, no need for water or supervision, but fickle.
Concentrated Solar PV (CPV)
Suitable for siting on buildings, where cooling may be a beneficial
by-product
Concentrating Solar Thermal
Receivers much simpler and more durable than PV
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
7/26
CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY
The mainstream CSP technology
One sq km of high insolation desert region can provide: peak power of 20-60 MW (e) and 250million kWh p.a.
or 60 million m3 of desalinated water / year (4kWh/m3)
Solar Field
Expansion
vessel Air cooled or wetcooled condenser
ThermalStorage
Generator
Turbine
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
8/26
CSP vs PV
CSP Uses heat rather than light
CSP is typically utility scale, ie 10 MW 250 MW per plant.Centralised vs Decentralised
CSP requires strong clear sunshine, PV copes better with cloud andin cooler climates. PV loses efficiency as temperatures increase
PV has higher embodied energy and carbon and produces moretoxic waste in manufacturing / disposal
CPV requires less semiconductor material, but greater land area.
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
9/26
CSP vs PV
CSP can store collected solar energy. Electricity generation cancontinue through cloudy periods and into darkness.
CSP can be co-fired with gas to maintain output.
CSP can supply process heat for industry, desalination, andabsorption cooling for buildings.
CSP - 10GW in detailed planning worldwide, 1 GW in construction.Current installed base circa 500 MW
PV - in 2008 Spain installed 2.5 GWp out of global 5.5GWp. Currentinstalled base circa 15 GW.
CPV Iberian peninsula leading. SolFocus target of 100MWp byend 2009
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
10/26
CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY
TECHNOLOGIES
Parabolic Trough
Compact LinearFresnel
Power Tower
Parabolic Dish
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
11/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
Nevada 1
Kramer Junction
PARABOLICTROUGHS
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
12/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
Kramer JunctionCOMPACT LINEARFRESNELREFLECTOR
Main player:Ausra, (USA / Australia)
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
13/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
Kramer JunctionPOWER TOWER
Main players:eSolar, BrightSource
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
14/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
Fresnel is claimed to need less land than parabolic troughs and athird as much as dish systems.
Less complex pipework for heat transfer fluid, lower pumpingoverheads
No complex tracking systems like tower heliostats
Towers dont need flat landTowers have more compact pipework can operate at highertemperatures - more efficient
Parabolic troughs have proven experience
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
15/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIESSTORAGE
Power supply from a CSP plant can be scheduled and can continue
after dark. Up to 8000 full power hours per year.
Thermal
Molten salt
Concrete, GraphitePhase change
Thermo-chemicalAmmonia (Wizard Power, Australia)
Magnesium Hydride (BSR Solar, Germany)
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
16/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
Thermal storage Andasol 1
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
17/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
Cooling
Wet Cooling
Uses 3.5 meters3 water perMWh
Dry Cooling
Reduces plant waterconsumption by 90%
but loss of efficiency increasescost of electricity by 10%
Hybrids being developed
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
18/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
TRANSMISSION
HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC)
Up to 800kV
3% loss per 1000km
Only viable system for undersea cablesCheaper than HVAC for long distances (like over about 600 800
kilometres)
Interconnects and decouples national grids
90% of global population live within 2700 km of a desert
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
19/26
CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
HVDC vs HVAC
Corridor widths (looking down the cables)
Fewer conductors
Smaller cables
Less land
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
20/26
GLOBAL HVDC TRANSMISSION
Total capacity > 75 GW in more than 90 projects, Total Length > 25,000 miles
Connect renewable power sources like hydropower or geothermal power withdistant centres of demand
Interconnect countries over sea (e.g. UK-France, Baltic Cable, Italy-Greece,
Sardinia)
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
21/26
DESERTEC CONCEPT
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
22/26
DESERTEC CONCEPT
TREC Trans Mediterranean Energy Cooperation
German Aerospace Centre (DLR) TRANSCSP and MED CSP
reportsPlan for 100GW of exportable solar power (above the needs of
sunbelt countries) by 2050
Improve the resilience and security of Europe's electricity supplies,
and avoid any new nuclear in Europe
Costs 400 billion Euros over 30 years, only 10 billion of Govt
subsidies
Multiple undersea HVDC cables linking MENA and EU. Twenty 5GW interconnectors in 2050
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
23/26
MEDITERRANEAN SOLAR PLAN
EU & N. African initiative Union for the Mediterranean
(French-Egyptian co-presidency - Economic and security
collaboration)MSP announced in mid 2008
20GW new RE capacity to be installed by 2020 with 15% forexport to EU
MSP to provide start up support for sunbelt countries:
carbon funding and concessional loans
access to European market RE prices
new public policies to address non economic barriers
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
24/26
CSP GLOBAL PICTURE
USA most active market, State RE targets driving investments.SW deserts prime resource. Start up manufacturers
BrightSource, sSolar, AusraGermany technology suppliers: Solar Millennium, MAN.
Architects and researchers: DLR and MSP.
France architects and political supporters: MSP
Spain most active EU market, 500MW CSP in planning.
Abengoa and Acciona. Researchers.
Australia perfect climate, high energy and water demand. Local
developers Ausra, Wizard Power, Acquasol. Retrofitting CSP tocoal plants. 50x50 km area would meet 2020 electricity demand
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
25/26
CSP GLOBAL PICTURE
Jordan supporter of DESERTEC concept, high desalinationdemand
Abu Dhabi MASDAR SHAMS 1 100MW CSP in constructionEgypt site of first CSP plant in 1920s, MSP supporter
Morocco co-fired CSP in construction
Tunisia NUR Energie working on scheme targeted at 2,000MW,mainly for export to Italy. Using a tower system by BrightSource
Algeria co-fired CSP in construction, exploring undersea cable
connection to Germany
China ample desert resources, local company Solar ETC.Building 1.5MW CSP Tower for 2010, 150 MW of CSP by 2015.
8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)
26/26
CSP - Davis Langdons involvement
For over a year, Davis Langdon have hosted a series of monthlymeetings with speakers from leading industrialists in solar
technology, and with senior representatives of government bodiesWe can help with feasibility work, using a financial model whichmay be interrogated according to the peak output requirement,
insolation levels, wet / dry cooling, amount of storage, operational
overheads, revenue per kWhr, seawater desalination (if required),etc.
Project Management
Contract management and negotiations
Risk management