Background Project began Fall 2012 with P13625 Sarah Brownell -
Guide Dr. James Myers Customer Team was charged with building an
air quality monitor with increased functionality over previous
models. Previous model was created by Berkeley Air Quality
monitoring Group in conjunction with University of California
Berkeley. Known as UCB-PATS
Slide 3
Background: AQM To improve performance and feasibility, broke
project down into 2 similar monitors Both will monitor temperature,
humidity, and PM First monitor will record CO levels Second monitor
will record NOx and SOx levels
Slide 4
VOC: Customer Needs: AQM Customer needs: Primarily need monitor
to have functionality of UCB-PATS Additionally want to monitor CO
and humidity
Slide 5
VOC Review: Technical Goals: AQM Monitor should have all
capabilities of the UCB-PATS monitor Ensure all sensors record
continuous data Increase the battery life Improve upon UI Create a
monitor which is discrete in subjects home Monitor is capable of
resisting outside environment, shipping, and installation
Slide 6
Functional Decomposition: AQM
Slide 7
Specifications: AQM
Slide 8
Project Budget: AQM ComponentQuantity EachTotal Cost PVC
Junction Box w/ Cover1$12.00 PCB1$45.00 CO Sensor (MQ 7)1$10.00 CO
Sensor Breakout Board1$15.00 Particulate Matter Sensor
(Shinyei)1$50.00 Temperature & Humidity Sensor (SHT15)1$45.00
Microcontroller (MSP430)1$10.00 AA Battery12$0.65$7.80 Internal
Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00 Miscellaneous Electrical
Components---$10.00 Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00
Total$232.80 Previous monitor purchase cost was $435 $200 of which
was labor This project looks to follow the same path. Anticipated
budget for this project is $500 Need money to test sensors and
purchase additional materials Includes shipping costs as well.
Slide 9
Feasibility Analysis: Cost and Weight Team wanted to prove that
the monitor would not be so heavy that it could damage a home. Cost
of monitor should be in line with customer needs and specs.
Slide 10
Feasibility Analysis: Power Consump.
Slide 11
Slide 12
Feasibility Analysis: Size
Slide 13
VOC: Customer Needs: SOx NOx Customer Needs same as AQM, just
changing what is being monitored Also needs to be able to record
Temperature and Humidity like UCB-Pats monitor
Slide 14
VOE: Differences between AQM and SOx NOx Functional
Decomposition -what needed to be sensed and what data was being
recorded are different Metrics and Specifications-again similar to
AQM except for the ranges and types of gases being sensed
Slide 15
Budget: SOx NOx ComponentQuantity EachTotal Cost PVC Junction
Box w/ Cover1$12.00 PCB1$45.00 NOX Sensor1$95.00 SOX Sensor1$80.00
Particulate Matter Sensor1$50.00 Temperature & Humidity
Sensor1$45.00 Microcontroller1$10.00 C Battery12$0.65$7.80 Internal
Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00 Miscellaneous Electrical
Components---$10.00 Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00
Total$382.80 There is no customer for this project yet, so there is
no actual funding However, for the future the proposed budget seen
here shows the major cost of the primary components High cost items
for this project are the SOx and NOx sensors, they are much more
pricey than the CO sensors available for the AQM
Slide 16
Feasibility In order for the project to run a basic feasibility
analysis should be done The major criteria that could pose an issue
to the success of this project are: Size: About the Size of RITs
P13625 and UCB-PATS Monitors Weight: Total < 10lbs Batter y
Life: Should last between 5-10 days
Slide 17
Feasibility: Battery Life A basic power analysis was run to
determine battery life AA batteries are not good enough for the
power need for these sensors 2 sets of 6 C batteries in parallel
are needed to obtain a battery life between 5-10 days
Slide 18
Feasibility: Size and Weight Weight feasibility with all major
components came out well below the spec of 10lbs at 3.4lbs The
UCB-PATS Volume was 667 cm 3 and the previous AQM was 2630 cm 3
Adding up the volumes and multiplying by a packing factor the
volume was within range at 840cm 3
Slide 19
Staffing: NOx SOx/AQM Since the only difference between the two
is the type of sensors being used the staff should be the same
Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed EE 2 Knowledge and
experience with sensors and breakout boards. Ability to deal with
power distribution and power optimization. ME 1 Machining, simple
system design, CAD modeling. CE 2 Programming for microcontrollers
and sensors. ISE 0-1 Project Management skills. Other
Slide 20
Project Background: Lamp Post Monitor Across the globe there is
a growing issue with air quality and its impact upon personal
health. The purpose of this project is to develop a monitor that
can visually show bystanders what kind of contaminants they are
being exposed to in real time. Hopefully, by showing people this it
might push for a movement to reduce environmental emissions and
improve air quality. Smog in Hong Kong
Slide 21
Voice of Customer Currently this group is the primary customer,
all of the VOC were determined by us. Similar needs to AQMs, with
additional sensors Rather than focusing on discreteness, monitor
needs to be able to withstand outdoor conditions and visually
display gas levels Customer Need # ImportanceDescription CN19
Device can operate in an outdoor environment(Rochester), year round
CN29Monitor is affordable to MSD Department CN39Tracks and records
CO CN49Tracks and records PM2.5 CN59 Electronics need to resist
local environmental factors in operating area CN69Monitor should be
able to be run on 120V power CN79Monitor is discrete CN89Tracks and
records Temperature CN99Tracks and records Humidity CN109Sensors
records discrete data at high sampling rate CN119Software displays
live data to viewers CN129Software records data for later review
CN139Tracks and records ground level O3 CN143Sensors record data
over a continuous envelope of levels CN151Tracks and records NO2
CN161Tracks and records SO2 CN171Tracks and records PM10
CN181Operates without user action for at least a month
Slide 22
Functional Decomposition
Slide 23
Voice of Customer: Technical Goals Ensure that monitor has the
durability to endure outdoor conditions for extended period of time
Monitor display Gas levels need to clearly be displayed visually
Monitor records continuous data that can be easily imported to
computer by researcher
Slide 24
Metrics and Specs Four main focuses of specifications: Sensor
technology Monitor durability Data collection and storage Visible
display of data
Slide 25
Feasibility The major criteria that could pose an issue to the
success of this project are: Size: Small enough to be
non-obstructively mounted on lamp-post Weight: Total < 10lbs
Power: Can be powered by traditional 120V, 20A power source Cost:
Project needs to be affordable to MSD department
Slide 26
Budget ComponentQuantity EachTotal Cost Weather-Proof Junction
Box1$23.00 PCB1$45.00 CO Sensor1$10.00 CO Sensor Breakout
Board1$15.00 Particulate Matter Sensor1$50.00 Temperature &
Humidity Sensor1$45.00 Ozone Sensor1$13.00 Microcontroller1$10.00
AC Power Adaptor1$15.00 Internal Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00 LCD
Screen1$126.00 Miscellaneous Mounting Equipment---$30.00
Miscellaneous Electrical Components---$10.00 Miscellaneous
Connecting Components---$20.00 Total$420.00
Size and Weight Feasibility Component Volume (cm 3 ) PCB
Board22.7 CO Sensor30.3 Particulate Matter Sensor44.9 Temperature
& Humidity Sensor1.9 Ozone Sensor1.21 LCD Screen74.53
Preliminary Total175.6 Factor to account for air flow, packing4
Total702.6 ComponentQuantity EachTotal Weight (Oz.) PVC Junction
Box w/ Cover132 PCB133 CO Sensor10.1 CO Breakout Board Sensor10.5
Particulate Matter Sensor111 Temperature & Humidity Sensor10.5
Microcontroller10.1 Ozone Sensor10.2 Internal
Structure(dividers)248 LCD Screen122 Miscellaneous Mounting
Equipment---88 Miscellaneous Electrical Components---55
Miscellaneous Connecting Components---88 Total (Oz.)68.4 Total
(lbs.)4.3
Slide 29
Staffing Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed EE 2 EE
students will be concerned with device programing, battery power
design and power management, data transfer, computer interface,
etc. ME 1 ME students are to focus on designing the lamp post
structure and physical monitor design. CAD modeling. CE 2 CE
students are to develop the computer software interface and
communication between the device and computer. ISE 0-1 Project
Management skills.
Slide 30
Remberto Gutierrez Marc Koehler Arielle Mizov
Slide 31
In order to calibrate the Air Quality Monitor a need for a test
chamber came about Needs to expose the AQM to PM2.5 and varying
levels of CO Needs to expose the monitor to varying temperature and
humidity levels that compare to Haiti Voice of Customer
Slide 32
Objective: Test multiple varieties of sensors against each
other in a basic container to determine the best sensors for future
use. Possible Solutions: Glass Box with Integrated "2 in 1" Sensor
and Internal Experimental Burning Concrete Box with 2
Non-Integrated Sensors and Internal Experimental Burning and Matlab
Use Trash Can with 2 Integrated Sensors and Internal Experimental
Burning Basic Test Box
Slide 33
The largest cost for this project will be the material for the
chambers which will put the project over budget, however they may
not need as much material as anticipated Budget
Slide 34
Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed ( concise
descriptions ) EE 1 EE students will be concerned with device
programing, power management, data transfer, computer interface,
etc. ME 1 ME students will be concerned with integrating the
monitor and computer into the chamber CE 1 CE students are to
develop the computer software interface and communication between
the chamber and computer. ISE 0-1 Project Management Skills
Staffing
Slide 35
Concentrate on developing a test chamber while using simple
sensors Provides data at the end of test of the conditions inside
the chamber Capable of varying CO, PM, temperature, and humidity
Possible Option: Rise and reduce temperature through a blower and a
heater located inside the test chamber Test Chamber with Simple
Sensors
Slide 36
The largest cost for this project will be the material for the
chambers which will put the project over budget, however they may
not need as much material as anticipated Budget
Slide 37
Staffing Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed (
concise descriptions ) EE 2 Assessment of the sensor selection,
connections, electrical power ME 2 Design of the test chamber,
combustion, and stoichiometric analysis, CAD Modeling CE 1
Interface and data analysis
Slide 38
Combination of the developed chamber and the best sensors from
previous projects Develop a better interface for the test chamber
Allow the user to manipulate the environment more easily Output
live data and a more comprehensive report of the test Possible
Options: Computer attached to chamber Transfer data to/from a
computer (not attached) Integrated Chamber with Improved
Interface
Slide 39
The largest cost for this project will be integrating the
computer system which greatly increases the cost of the project.
The budget will need to increased in order to complete this
project. Budget
Slide 40
DisciplineHow Many?Anticipated Skills Needed ( concise
descriptions ) EE 2 EE students will be concerned with device
programing, power management, data transfer, computer interface,
etc. ME 2 ME students will be concerned with integrating the
monitor and computer into the chamber CE 2 CE students are to
develop the computer software interface and communication between
the chamber and computer. ISE 0-1 Project Management Skills
Staffing
Slide 41
Determine the Cost for a Test Chamber Assumptions: We would
like a test chamber that is made of stainless steel. We would like
the stainless steel to have the following qualities: High
temperature and corrosion resistance with low maintenance
requirements. Nonmagnetic, with good weldability and formability.
Also, something that is frequently used in heat treating, moisture
barriers, chemical tanks, heat exchangers, fin stock, chemical
equipment, metal stampings, and shim stock. Alloy 34 seems to be
the best type of stainless steel to use. The reason why is because
is it 100% recyclable. Alloy 304 is the most widely used stainless
alloy. Alloy 309 has better temperature resistance at higher
temperatures. Alloy 321 has titanium added for superior corrosion
resistance and weldability. Specifications: Foil Roll, High Temp
Foil, Stainless Steel, 309, Thickness 0.002 In, Width 24 In, Length
50 ft, Finish Plain, Temper Soft, Thickness Tolerance +/-0.0002 In,
Width Tolerance +/-.010, Length Tolerance +/-1 Linear Foot, Typical
Tensile Strength 75, 000 min PSI, Typical Yield Strength 30, 000
min PSI, Standards A240 Incorporating these specifications, it is
approximately $375 and the weight of the stainless steel is about
10 lbs. We were looking for a test that weighs approximately 10-15
lbs and is under $500 so this seems feasible. Feasibility
Analysis
Slide 42
Compute a Simplified Power Summation Most modern united states
circuits are 15 20 amps with 120 being the standard number of volts
acquired from a power. we are content with anything lower than 2400
W. Power = Current * Voltage (P=IV). *minimum: 1800 W, maximum:
2400 W* Note: For continuous loads (on for more than three hours),
the limit is 20% lower: therefore, there will be 12 16 amps with
120 V is there is a load on for more than three hours. *minimum:
1440 W, maximum: 1920 W* Laptop: Make & model: Lenovo
Thinkcentre m91 w/ Lenovo LCD (purchased early 2012) Basic
specifications: Core i7, 8.0 gb ram, windows 7 professional (clean)
off (plugged in): 1 W boot (peak): 88 W moderate use (range): 50 68
W quiescent (5 minutes of no activity): 40Ww sleep: 1 W Mixing Fan:
Axial Fan, 115VAC, 4-11/16in H, 4-11/16in W: 18 W Feasibility
Analysis
Slide 43
Determine the time of combustion for PM: 25000ug/m^3 is an
ideal value of Particulate matter which requires a 24h operation in
the test chamber to correlate result with EPA standards The table
shown above provide a reference to make an estimation on time of
combustion process to create the required concentration of PM
Feasibility Analysis
http://www.ieabcc.nl/publications/Nussbaumer_et_al_IEA_ReportPM10_Jan_2008.pdf
Slide 44
Determine the time of combustion for CO: The concentration of
CO is 0-2000 ppm. Based on EPA standards and old household
detectors limits we might estimate the time of combustion which is
100ppm in 16 min. Concentrations differ as the times varies. The
table below shows the different times for which a common CO
detector works. Feasibility Analysis
http://www.usa829.org/Portals/0/Documents/Health-and-Safety/Safety-Library/Carbon-Monoxide-and-
CO-Detectors.pdf
Slide 45
Determine how long it would take CO and PM to diffuse in the
chamber if no mixing were to occur Assumed the volume the gas
needed to fill Assumed the velocity the gas would be traveling
based off of a potential fan that would be used Determined the flow
rate based off of the equation Q = vA Found that it would take less
than a minute to fill the container which is a reasonable time
Feasibility Analysis