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Safety Observation
Safety Observation Process
Pathway to anInjury Free Career
If we can predict it: we can prevent it!
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Safety Observation
What Is a Safety Observation?
• Tool to raise safety awareness in a non-threatening way
• Allows for directed / guided observation teams
• Tool to build trust
• eedbac! loo" mechanism
• # increase safety awareness
• $ decrease an%iety or threat of re"orting errors
• &oal is to fi% things 'uic!ly and effectively
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Safety Observation
(haracteristics of effective safety "erformance)
*easurable+
ocuses on "ositive activities+
,irect im"act on outcomes+
O""ortunity for two-way feedbac! and "ositive
reinforcement+
O""ortunity for goal setting based on "erformance data+
ffective Safety *anagement
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Safety Observation
Observations identify .ob site haards0 controls0
conditions0 manage e%"osure to ris!s0 reduce
e%"osure0 and thereby reduce in.ury+
A""ly a strategic a""roach)
Antici"ate and "revent active error at the .ob site+
1educe total number of 2at-ris!3 critical behaviors and/or
conditions+
Identify and eliminate the related barriers/latent organiationalwea!nesses+
(hange other factors to encourage safe behaviors+
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Safety Observation
Safety Observation4Ob.ectives
• Provide "ositive reinforcement / feedbac! for safebehaviors observed+
• Identify error-li!ely conditions for corrective actions+
• &ather meaningful data for analysis that identifiesinstitutional wea!nesses in wor! managementsystems+
Do Work Safely
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Safety Observation
i% the Person or the System?
Is the Person
(lumsy?
Or Is theProblem + + +
The Ste"???
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II+ 5uman Performance 6
Integrated Safety *anagement
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ive 7asic Princi"les
5uman Performance Im"rovement
8+ Peo"le are fallible0 and even the best ma!e mista!es+
9+ rror-li!ely situations are "redictable0 manageable0 and "reventable+
:+ Individual behavior is influenced by organiational "rocesses and values+
;+ Peo"le achieve high levels of "erformance based largely on the
encouragement and reinforcement received from leaders0 "eers0
and subordinates+
<+ vents can be avoided by understanding the reasons mista!esoccur and a""lying the lessons learned from "ast events+
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Industry Statistics on
(auses of vents
5uman
rror
=ne%"ected
rror 'ui"ment
ailures
5uman rror
O"erational ="set
System Induced rror
>organiational wea!ness
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When Things &o Wrong
5ow It Is @ow
Human error is the cause of
accidents:
You are highly trained
and If you did as trained, you would
not make mistakes
so
You weren’t careful enough
so
You should be PUNIH!"#
5ow It Should 7e
Human error is a sym$tom of
trouble dee$er inside a system%
You are human
and Humans make mistakes
so
&et’s also e'$lore why thesystem allowed, or failed to
accommodate your mistake
&et’s I(P)*+! H! Y!(#
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When Things &o Wrong
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Where we are coming from)
I !ee" entering this in the system but something needs to be done+ The ma.ority
of the traffic going down and u" Pecos drive is s"eeding+ and a lot of the traffic
is &ov+ vehicles+ S"eed hum"s need to be "ut in "lace+ Someone is going to get
hit+
There should be S"eed hum"s installed on Pecos 1oad because of the e%cesss"eeding going on while "eo"le are wal!ing to there buildings in the morning
and also during lunch+ &ov+ vehicles and "ersonal vehicles driving very fast u"
and down the road+ @, SP, 5=*PSBBBB
As I was wal!ing from the guard gate into P-80 I observed a craft truc!ing
s"eeding from the south to the north in a 8C *P5 "osted area+ I was about to
ste" into the crosswal! when they saw me and sto""ed suddenly+ I motioned tothe driver to slow down+ They .ust laughed+
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Dehicle O"erator Observation
8+C Pre Tri" Ins"ection
• Observed multi"le cars in TA-<< "ar!ing lot and discovered that several of their tires were
either under inflated or over inflated+ with weather conditions becoming a factor "ro"er
tier "ressure is im"ortant to chec! before driving+
• rost on windshield caused "otential visibility "roblem+ On discussing the issue it was
decided to be late for a meeting and ta!e the necessary time to com"letely clean the frost
from the window before travelling+
• ,uring ins"ection of my motorcycle "rior to leaving home for wor!0 I found the bra!e light
to be non-o"erational+ The tail light was wor!ing0 but not the bra!e light+ I installed a s"are
bulb and that fi%ed the "roblem+
• Observed EA@E semi driver leaving yard "ulling trailer0 he did not do a "ull test on trailer
to ma!e sure it was secure to tractor0 sto""ed driver hel"ed with "ull test+
Where we are headed)
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Dehicle O"erator Observation 9+C Sto""ing
• ,river initially sto""ed with about 8/9 car length distance between our vehicle and the vehicle in front of us0 but increased
this to a full car length after discussion+
• ,river did a rolling sto" at the sto" sign+ Pointed out the F(aliforniaF sto" in a nice way and driver agreed that full sto"
would have been safer+
• ,river in government vehicle did not fully sto" at sto" sign when leaving "ar!ing lot+ I noted who the driver was >someone I
!new and s"o!e/teased them about it later+ They agreed that they should have fully sto""ed+
• ,river often yields at sto" signs rather than sto"s+ A discussion was held concerning the behavior and the drive admitted to
fault and stated that through awareness0 the drive will be com"ly to sto" signs and ma!ing a com"lete sto"+ In addition0 a
discussion was held concerning crashes that could be "revented if the drivers sto""ed com"letely as re'uired by law+
Dehicle O"erator Observation :+C Par!ing
• Several cars were noted in the "ar!ing lot as having "ar!ed outside of designated s"aces+I s"o!e with one driver0 who didnGt really care that they might get a tic!et+ They did not
want to have to wal! from TA-<C "ar!ing lot stating that it was more dangerous to wal! and
"ossibly sli" on the ice than "ar! in an unmar!ed s"ot+
• The driver did forget the turn the wheels while "ar!ing on a hill+ This behavior was
identified and will be corrected for future vehicle o"erations+
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Dehicle O"erator Observation
;+C 7ac!ing
• Air"orts could be designed so that air"lanes would never have to bac! u"+
• ,river and Observer do not understand this 'uestion+ Is this as!ing if the "assenger
bac!ed u" the vehicle before the driver did?
• ,river failed to chec! rear of vehicle for any "ossible haards before bac!ing u"+ S"otter
was needed and used after being notified+
• The driver was not aware that it is a good driving "ractice to sound the horn "rior to0 and if
"ossible0 during the bac!ing u" "rocess+ 5e concurred that this signals "edestrians
behind the vehicle to clear the area and committed to begin using this "ractice+
• The driver did not sound the horn while bac!ing u"+ This was a safety concern that both
the observer and the observee learned by "erforming the ATO*I(S observation+
• ,river and Observer do not understand this 'uestion+ Is this as!ing if the driver bac!s u"
the vehicle by turning the wheels HC degrees and moving the vehicle side ways?
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Safety Observation
Safety Observer 1oles and 1es"onsibilities
Observer rules for observing "erformance)
-udge the beha.ior of the worker being obser.ed with the
same criteria you would use for yourself%
/e 0udge oursel.es with e'ternal factors%
/e 0udge others with internal factors%
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Safety Observation
undamental Tenets of Safety Observations
1ocuses on beha.iors and conditions
No name, no blame $rocess
Process is for $eo$le, it in.ol.es e.erybody
2i.es $ositi.e reinforcement for safe beha.iors%
Pro3acti.e4 uses leading indicators
tatistically dri.en%
Unlike )56"7) $ro.ides $rocess numbers workers control%
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Safety Observation
; ssential lements
ATO*I(S Safety Process
Identify the critical beha.iors and conditions
5ollect data
Pro.ide feedback
Use data to reduce6remo.e latent organi8ationalweaknesses%
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Safety Observation
ocus Shifts
rom) crisis reaction To) $rocess im$ro.ement
Safety Stand downs
1e-read "rocedures
Safety *eetings
1etraining
Sto"
Thin!
Act
1eview
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Safety Observation
ocus Shifts
rom) tracking accidents To) $re.enting accidents
Total 1ecordable >T1(
,ays Away 1estricted Time >,A1T
irst Aid cases
i% the "roblem
before it in.ures the
wor!er+
Identification of error
li!ely situations+
Strengthen defenses+
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Safety Observation
ocus Shifts
rom) downstream factors To) u$stream factors
Eagging indicators
@on diagnostic
(risis 1eactions
Stand downs
T1(/,A1T
Eessons learned
Eeading indicators
Process im"rovement
Accident "revention
@ear miss re"orting
,evelo" defense in de"th
rror tolerance
ust wor! environment
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Safety Observation
Observations manage e%"osure to ris!s0
reduce e%"osure0 and reduce in.ury+
A""ly a strategic a""roach)
7ntici$ate and $re.ent acti.e error at the 0ob site%
)educe total number of 9at3risk critical beha.iors%
Identify and eliminate the related barriers6latent organi8ational
weaknesses%
5hange other factors to encourage safe beha.iors%
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Safety Observation
Traditional methods to im"rove safety "erformance)
5ow do we change behavior?
Progressi.e "isci$line
7dministrati.e Policies
+isions, 2oals, Plans
5ore +alue tatements
afety raining
New afety Initiati.es
5ommittees
1ocus 2rou$s
7dditional "efense &ayers
5ontests ; 7wards
afety meetings
(oti.ational s$eakers
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Safety Observation
Traditional safety res"onse)
In.ury) em"loyee finished cleaning toilet inside stall turned tight and hit head on coat hanger1es"onse) retrain em"loyee on being more aware of surroundings and "otential haards+
In.ury) wal!ing to truc!0 sli""ed on ice
1es"onse) em"loyee reminded to chec! wal!ing area before "roceeding to vehicle for sli""ery
conditions
In.ury) em"loyee wal!ing around vehicle-sli""ed on ice and almost fell1es"onse) retrain em"loyee on sli"s0 tri"s0 and falls safety+
In.ury) em"loyee missed di" in sidewal!0 sli""ed and fell
1es"onse) be conscious of where you are wal!ing
In.ury) em"loyee sneeed acute internal "ain in lower left rib cage area
1es"onse) encourage em"loyee to stabilie body alignment before sneeing
In.ury) dis"osing metal "iece0 cut edge caught em"loyees glove cutting through and cutting
finger
1es"onse) need to describe to wor!ers conditions that ma!e u" 2line of fire3 and self control of
natural refle%es+
5ow do we change behavior?
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Safety Observation
• If we can "redict it) we can "revent itB
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Safety Observation
Observations identify .ob site haards0 controls0
conditions0 manage e%"osure to ris!s0 reduce
e%"osure0 and thereby reduce in.ury+
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Safety Observation
Are you from OS5A?
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Safety Observation
=nderstanding 7ehavior With
A7( Analysis
Activator
Police (ar lashing 1ed
Eights
1adiation Wor! Practices
Phone rings
(onse'uence
(itation/nothing
(ontamination J/@
Tal! with caller
7ehavior
Slow down/s"eed
u"
Turbo-ris!ing
Answer "hone
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Safety Observation
Influencing Eong-term 7ehavior
(onse'uences control behaviorB
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Safety Observation
actors that Affect the Power of (onse'uences
he most $owerful conse<uences are:oon
5ertain
Positi.e
Timing)Sooner
Eater
(onsistency) (ertain
=ncertain
Significance) Positive
@egative
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Safety Observation
eedbac!
eedbac! is a "owerful way to influence behavior
eedbac! is a conse'uence+
o be effecti.e it must be:
soon,
certain,
and $ositi.e
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Safety Observation
Organiational 1es"onsibilities
)educing !rrors =obser.ations>
It is na?.e =foolish> to think that $ositi.e reinforcement is the singlemechanism for safety obser.ations success%
(anaging "efenses =data analysis>
he organi8ational change initiati.e, identification of system, facility,and e<ui$ment issues identified are at least as likely to be $rimaryim$ro.ement mechanisms as $ositi.e reinforcement%
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Safety Observation
@efore the obser.ation:
&et $eo$le know you are obser.ing them 7nswer any <uestions about the $rocess (ention that there will be feedback6discussion after
7fter the obser.ation:
*bser.er reinforces safe beha.iors, and, if needed, discusses
obser.ed at3risk actions and o$tions to a.oid future
occurrence,
Interaction Techni'ue
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Safety Observation
,iscuss 2at-ris!s and e%"lore barriers to wor!ing 2safely3
e$arate discussion of 9at3risk beha.iors
from $ositi.e feedback%
7sk o$en3ended <uestions
=!': /hat’s the worst accident that can ha$$enA How couldyou be hurt doing this task% /hy are you doing it this wayA>
7sk for suggestions6ideas, draw out the correcti.e action that
may be re<uired from the $erson%
)ecord comments% eek a $ersonal commitment from that
the indi.idual will carry out the action and thank them for
$artici$ating%
&iving eedbac!
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Safety Observation
he goal of the beha.ioral obser.ation is to im$ro.e
=influence> the $erformance =beha.ior> of the workers
obser.ed%
It is critical for workers to understand the ty$es of beha.iors
and conditions that either increase e'$osure =at3risk
beha.iors> or reduce the risk of e'$osure =identified safe
beha.iors>%
&iving eedbac!
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Safety Observation
A Safety Observation
Is a sam$ling $rocedure
Is the cornerstone of the safety $rocess
Is systematic and standardi8ed
am$les beha.iors and conditions, not indi.iduals
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A Safety Observation
Shares e%"ertise)
1rom -anuary BCDC to (ay BCDC the +ehicle *$erator
*bser.ation sheet was utili8ed by the 7(3(( grou$ BE
times and by all other organi8ations FDE times%
1rom -anuary BCDC to (ay BCDC the &ifting *bser.ation
sheet was utili8ed by 7(3(( GB times and by all other
organi8ations BG times%