THE HUMAN ENGINEER IN TIME AND IN SPACEIN TIME AND IN SPACE
***THE COSMOS
THE ULTIMATE LARGE‐SCALE SYSTEM
John Chapman, Principal, J.A. Chapman Mining ServicesWhite Rock British Columbia Canada Earth Milky Way Galaxy
WORKSH0P ON COMPLEXITIES OF LARGE‐SCALE SYSTEMS
White Rock, British Columbia, Canada, Earth, Milky Way Galaxy
WORKSH0P ON COMPLEXITIES OF LARGE SCALE SYSTEMSFACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIAMARCH 17, 2009
VANCOUVER BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADAVANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA
OUR UNIVERSESTARBURST GALAXY (M82) NASA HUBBLE
AGE OF UNIVERSE BASED UPON CURRENT THEORY & OBSERVATION IS 13.7 BILLION YEARS
EARTH’S HUMAN TIME IN THE UNIVERSE IS ~200,000 YEARS (14.5 PPM)
EAGLE NUBULA (M16)
BIRTH OF SOLAR SYSTEMS( )
Newborn stars emerging fromevaporating gaseous globulesin a vast cloud of molecularhydrogen.
Hubble Image1995Hubble
Launched 1990Repaired 1993
Lifetime of StarsLifetime of Stars
Cosmic AbundanceCosmic Abundance
English Edition 1998
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
wikipedia
IN‐CORE FUSION OF HYDROGEN TO HELIUM (E=MC2)
AGE OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM BASED UPON CURRENT OBSERVATION IS 4.5 BILLION YEARSEARTH’S HUMAN TIME IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM IS ~200,000 YEARS (44.4 PPM)
wikipedia
CHARLES DARWIN (1809 – 1882)CHARLES DARWIN (1809 – 1882)
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, 1859
HUMANS LIKE ALL ANIMALS ARE “DRIVEN”HUMANS LIKE ALL ANIMALS ARE “DRIVEN”
TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE
ANY HUMAN MADE RULES OR REGULATIONSANY HUMAN‐MADE RULES OR REGULATIONS
THAT GO COUNTER TO THESE BASIC INSTINCTS
ARE DOOMED TO FAILURE
WHAT DEFINES HUMANS( f ll h k )(refer to William Shakespeare)
WHAT DEFINES SOCIETYWHAT DEFINES SOCIETY• RELIGION (superstition, supernatural)
• GOVERNMENT (politics)
• SCIENCE (rational understanding of cause and effect)( g )
• ENVIRONMENTAL NGOs (nihilistic, malthusian, anarchistic)
Dr. Dixy Lee Ray's Book: Environmental Overkill
"A democracy cannot survive as a permanent form of government. It can last only until its citizens discover they can vote themselves largesse from the public treasury. From that moment on, the majority (who vote) will vote for the candidates promising the greatest benefits from the public purse, with the result that a democracy will always collapse from loose fiscal policies, always followed by a dictatorship.
The average age of the world's greatest democratic nations has been 200 years. Each has been th h th f ll ithrough the following sequence:
From bondage to spiritual faith
From faith to great courage
From courage to liberty
From liberty to abundance
F b d t lFrom abundance to complacency
From complacency to selfishness
From selfishness to apathy
From apathy to dependency
And from dependency back again into bondage"
TODAYA POSSIBLE TURNING POINT
Carl Sagan’s Cosmos ‐ Travels in Space and Time (Episode 8), 1989.
“Those worlds in space are as countless as all the grains of sands on all the beaches of the earth ‐ and each of those worlds is as real as ours. In every one
of them there is a succession of incidences, events, occurrences which influence its future ‐ countless worlds, numberless moments, an immensity of space and time. Here on our small planet at this moment we face a critical branch point in history. What we do with our world right now will propagate
d h h h d f ll ff h d fdown through the centuries and powerfully affect the destiny of our descendants. It is well within our power to destroy our civilization and perhaps our species as well. If we capitulate to superstition or greed, or stupidity, we can plunge our world into a darkness deeper than the time between thecan plunge our world into a darkness deeper than the time between the
collapse of classical civilization and the Italian Renaissance. But we are also capable of using our compassion and our intelligence, our technology and our wealth to make an abundant and meaningful life for every inhabitant of thiswealth, to make an abundant and meaningful life for every inhabitant of this planet ‐ to enhance enormously our understanding of the universe and carry us
to the stars.”
COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY IMPACTING JUPITERJULY 16, 1994 (JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS 11.2 X EARTH’S)
NASA
THE CHALLENGETHE CHALLENGEDUNCAN STEEL – TARGET EARTH
• Humans cannot survive as a single planet species as evidenced in the Earth’s fossil record of mass extinctions of life caused mainly by comet/asteroidextinctions of life caused mainly by comet/asteroid impacts and super‐volcanic eruptions
• Humans have a genetic “wiring” that drivesHumans have a genetic wiring that drives exploration (risk) for discovery of new places and things (reward) – the earth no longer holds the
l i i l h d d d bexploration potential nor the rewards needed by society – it is time to move onto the rest of the Solar SystemSolar System
SPACE DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• SAVE HUMAN SPECIES FROM EXTINCTIONSAVE HUMAN SPECIES FROM EXTINCTION• OPTICAL AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS • MULTI & HYPER SPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING• GPS AND OTHER POSITIONING SYSTEMS• GPS AND OTHER POSITIONING SYSTEMS• HELIUM THREE FUSION RESOURCE• SOLAR POWER BEAMING• SERVICING HIGH‐ALTITUDE SATELLITES • ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS• REPOSITORY OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE• REPOSITORY OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES • TRACKING OF NEOs• NEO DEFLECTION• NEO DEFLECTION• GENERAL ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
BCIT “RETURN TO THE MOON” EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008
THOMAS JONES, PhD, ASTRONAUT & SPACE SCIENTIST
SELECT VIDEO CLIPS FROM 30 MINUTE PRESENTATION
CLIP: “IMPACT EARTH – ASTERIOD & COMET DANGER”
SEE: WWWBCIT CA/RETURNTOTHEMOONSEE: WWW.BCIT.CA/RETURNTOTHEMOON
Thomas Jones, EVA2
ASTERIOD IMPACT
DIAMETER: 1000m
VELOCITY 20km/s
Earth Impact Effects ProgramR. Marcus, H. Melosh, G. Collins
www.lpl.arizona.edu/~marcus/crater2.html/
DENSITY 2700kg/m3
IMPACT ANGLE 90d
ENERGY 2 83 X1020 JoulesENERGY 2.83 X1020 Joules
6.75 x 104 MT TNT
CRATER 17.1km Diameter
SIESMIC 7 8 Richter
r 100km
SIESMIC 7.8 Richter
IMPACT EFFECTS @ 100km
RADIANT FLUX 72.6 x Sunr = 100km
200k
EJECTA DIAMETER 11cm
EJECTA THICKNESS 20.4cm
WIND 178m/s (399mph)r = 200km
IMPACT EFFECTS @ 200km
RADIANT FLUX 13.7 x Sun
EJECTA DIAMETER 1 8cmEJECTA DIAMETER 1.8cm
EJECTA THICKNESS 2.6cm
WIND 59m/s (131mph)
ASTERIOD IMPACT
DIAMETER: 3000m
VELOCITY 20km/s
Earth Impact Effects ProgramR. Marcus, H. Melosh, G. Collins
www.lpl.arizona.edu/~marcus/crater2.html/
DENSITY 2700kg/m3
IMPACT ANGLE 90d
ENERGY 7 63 X1021 JoulesENERGY 7.63 X1021 Joules
1.82 x 106 MT TNT
CRATER 45.0km Diameter
SIESMIC 8 8 Richter
r 100km
SIESMIC 8.8 Richter
IMPACT EFFECTS @ 100km
RADIANT FLUX 693 x Sunr = 100km
200k
EJECTA DIAMETER 30cm
EJECTA THICKNESS 6.31m
WIND 801m/s (1790mph)r = 200km
IMPACT EFFECTS @ 200km
RADIANT FLUX 160 x Sun
EJECTA DIAMETER 4 8cmEJECTA DIAMETER 4.8cm
EJECTA THICKNESS 79cm
WIND 326m/s (728mph)
THE MOST ENGINEERING AND ENGINEER INTENSIVE INDUSTRY
SPACE EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Launch Complex 39 with the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) and Saturn V being transported to the launch pad.
Saturn V Launch(7.5M lb thrust)Kennedy Space CenterKennedy Space CenterUSA
NASA
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER
SHUTTLE ON PAD 3
NASA
CONSTELLATION PROGRAMAres V: Heavy-Lift Launch VehicleAres I: Crew Launch Vehicle
SATURN V: 111 m long, 2.9M kg launch mass,33.6M N launch thrust,129K kg to LEO, 49K kg to Moon
ARES: 109 m long (V) 3 7M kg launch mass (V+I)ARES: 109 m long (V), 3.7M kg launch mass (V+I)53.3M N launch thrust (V+I)148k kg to LEO, 64.8k kg to Moon
Specific Impulse: solid boosters ~265 s (vac)liquid hydrogen/oxygen ~450 s (vac)
NASA
NASAASSEMBLY OF SPACECRAFT IN EARTH ORBIT
LOWERING SPACE ACCESS COSTS
NASA: HYPER‐X
LOWERING SPACE ACCESS COSTS
SCALED COMPOSITES, LLC: WHITE KNIGHT ONE & SPACESHIPONE
NUCLEAR ENERGY USE IN SPACE( f d )(importance of energy density)
A URANIUM DIOXIDE FUEL PELLET ‐ SHADOW IS ~3 SQUARE CENTIMETERS.
HOW MANY DAYS OR YEARS WOULD THE SUN NEED TO SHINE ON THE SHADOW
AREA, AT ARIZONA USA SOLAR INTENSITY, 12 HOURS PER DAY, TO EQUAL THE
FISSILE ENERGY IN THE FUEL PELLET?
THE ANSWER IS 951,000 YEARS.
(from Chuck Edwards, Cameco Corporation, 2003)
THE USE OF NUCLEAR HIGH‐TEMPERATURE GAS REACTORS IN SPACETHE USE OF NUCLEAR HIGH‐TEMPERATURE GAS REACTORS IN SPACE FOR ROCKETS, HABITATION AND INDUSTRY IS ESSENTIAL IF SPACE DEVELOPMENT IS TO BE SUCCESSFUL (LOWEST POSSIBLE COST AND
)LEAST TECHNICAL RISK)
BCIT “RETURN TO THE MOON” EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008BCIT RETURN TO THE MOON EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008
HARRISON SCHMITT, PhD, ASTRONAUT & SCIENTIST
SELECT VIDEO CLIPS FROM 30 MINUTE PRESENTATION
CLIP: “HELIUM THREE FUSION – LUNAR SOURCE”
SEE: WWW.BCIT.CA/RETURNTOTHEMOON
Harrison Schmitt, Apollo 17
MARK ELOWITZ
“WE CANNOT PROVE THAT THOSE ARE IN ERROR WHO
TELL US THAT SOCIETY HAS REACHED A TURNING POINT,
THAT WE HAVE SEEN OUR BEST DAYS. BUT SO SAID ALL
BEFORE US, AND WITH JUST AS MUCH APPARENT REASON.
ON WHAT PRINCIPLE IS IT THAT, WHEN WE SEE NOTHING
BUT IMPROVEMENT BEHIND US WE ARE ABLE TO EXPECTBUT IMPROVEMENT BEHIND US, WE ARE ABLE TO EXPECT
NOTHING BUT DETERIORATION BEFORE US?”
LORD THOMAS B MACAULAY 1830LORD THOMAS B. MACAULAY, 1830
"Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even though checkered by failure, than to take rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy nor suffer much, because they live in that gray twilight that knows no victory nor defeat." Theodore
Roosevelt
"People must be focused on a challenge, that solving, gives pride and pleasure – this “fl ” b i h h f i hi h i d i i d f ll (“flow” banishes the state of entropy into which unoccupied spirits tend to fall. (Entropy: The degradation of the matter and energy in the Universe to an ultimate state of inert
uniformity)." Anon
"It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness " Anon"It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness." Anon
"Failure is never so frightening as regret." Anon
"All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing " Edmond BurkeAll that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing. Edmond Burke
"Truth and technology will triumph over bullshit and bureaucracy." Rene Anselmo (space pioneer)
"Accept the challenges, so you may feel the exhilaration of victory." Gen. George S. Patton
"Obstacles cannot crush me. Every obstacle yields to stern resolve." Leonardo da Vinci
“If you do it when you need it, it’s too late – you missed the boat.” Wernher von Braun
HOW ARE WE ENGINEERS DOING?HOW ARE WE ENGINEERS DOING?• It was good during the Classic Egyptian, Greek and Roman periodsp
• It was terrible during the Dark Ages • It got better during the Renaissance• The past 100 years have been amazing!• Many new exciting challenges and opportunities are available now, on earth and in space – embrace them and keep up the good work, as humanity needs engineers in order to maintain a modern andneeds engineers in order to maintain a modern and advancing life‐style and to survive as a species
BCIT “RETURN TO THE MOON” EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008BCIT RETURN TO THE MOON EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008
ROBERT RICHARDS, PhD, SPACE SCIENTIST
SELECT VIDEO CLIPS FROM 30 MINUTE PRESENTATION
“COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE”
SEE: WWW.BCIT.CA/RETURNTOTHEMOON
OPTECH LIDAR ON PHOENIX MARS LANDER