Maximum Parallel Links based routing Maximum Parallel Links based routing scheme with Power Control for Ad Hoc scheme with Power Control for Ad Hoc
Wireless Sensors NetworksWireless Sensors Networks
Khan Gul WaqarComunication Laboratory
Helsinki University of Technology
Funded by Control Engineering LaboratoryHelsinki University of Technology
OutlineOutline
What is a Ad hoc wireless NetworkWhat is a Ad hoc wireless Network Important features of Ad hoc NeworksImportant features of Ad hoc Neworks Ad hoc Sensor NetoworksAd hoc Sensor Netoworks Applications of Ad hoc Sensor NetworksApplications of Ad hoc Sensor Networks Main CriteriaMain Criteria
My Thesis Topic My Thesis Topic Motivation behind itMotivation behind it
7 Differenent routing schemes7 Differenent routing schemesResultsResultsFuture workFuture work
Important features of Ad hoc Important features of Ad hoc NeworksNeworks
No Base station or central controlNo Base station or central control
The established links are short-lived The established links are short-lived links links
multi-hop multi-hop
packet forwarding capabilities packet forwarding capabilities
self-organizing self-organizing
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Source
Destination
Ad hoc Sensor NetworksAd hoc Sensor Networks
The number of nodes in a sensor network is The number of nodes in a sensor network is very highvery high
Sensor nodes are densely deployedSensor nodes are densely deployed
Sensor nodes are prone to failuresSensor nodes are prone to failures
The topology of a sensor network changes The topology of a sensor network changes very frequentlyvery frequently
Sensor nodes are limited in power, Sensor nodes are limited in power, computational capacities, and memory.computational capacities, and memory.
Applications of Ad hoc Sensor Applications of Ad hoc Sensor NetworksNetworks
Commercial and Military applicationsCommercial and Military applications
Industrial Control and MonitoringIndustrial Control and Monitoring
Home automation and consumer electronicsHome automation and consumer electronics
Security and Military sensingSecurity and Military sensing
Asset tracking and Supply chain managementAsset tracking and Supply chain management
Intelligent agriculture and Environmental sensing Intelligent agriculture and Environmental sensing (Temperature, humidity, soil make up and other (Temperature, humidity, soil make up and other environmental applications)environmental applications)
Health care applications Health care applications
Main Limitations Main Limitations
Energy i.e. Batery lifeEnergy i.e. Batery life
ThroughputThroughput
Idea of my thesis workIdea of my thesis work
Energy saving but not at cost of throughputEnergy saving but not at cost of throughput
A
B C
No RTS-CTS caseA ’Hidden Node’ Problem
RTS
CTS
CTS
RTS-CTS CASE
RTS-CTS caseA solution for ’Hidden Node’ Problem
Exposed Node Problem - Capture EffectExposed Node Problem - Capture Effect
A B C DA B C D
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C
A
D
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Routing- A random walk approachRouting- A random walk approach
Seven Different Protocols Seven Different Protocols (1/2)(1/2)
Without Power ControlWithout Power Control
Algo_1: Minimum Distance Algo_1: Minimum Distance
Algo_2: Maximum Distance Algo_2: Maximum Distance
Algo_3: Minimum NeighborsAlgo_3: Minimum Neighbors3A: Nearest3A: Nearest3B: Farthest3B: Farthest
Algo_4: Maximum NeighborsAlgo_4: Maximum Neighbors4A: Nearest4A: Nearest4B: Farthest4B: Farthest
E
C
A
D
G
Seven Different Protocols Seven Different Protocols (2/2)(2/2)With Power ControlWith Power Control
Algo_5: Minimum Distance Algo_5: Minimum Distance 5A: Nearest5A: Nearest5B: Farthest5B: Farthest
Algo_6: Neighbors BasedAlgo_6: Neighbors Based6A: MinPowerMinNeighborsMinDistance6A: MinPowerMinNeighborsMinDistance
6B: MinPowerMaxNeighborsMinDistance6B: MinPowerMaxNeighborsMinDistance
6C: MaxDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist6C: MaxDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist
6D: MinDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist6D: MinDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist
Algo_7: Parallel LinkAlgo_7: Parallel Link
Algo_7: Parallel LinkAlgo_7: Parallel Link
E
C
A
D
G
RFR RFR SFRSFRRFRDRFRDRDRD
Signalling for Algo 7Signalling for Algo 7And timing DiagramsAnd timing Diagrams
RFR = 352 Micro secRFR = 352 Micro secSFR = 352 Micro secSFR = 352 Micro secRFRD= 352 Micro secRFRD= 352 Micro secRD= 352 Micro secRD= 352 Micro sec
Aeronet PC 4800Aeronet PC 4800Power Levels 1,5,20,50,100mW Power Levels 1,5,20,50,100mW and -60dB Rx Sensitivityand -60dB Rx Sensitivity
Example with reference valuesExample with reference values
Matlab Environment is usedMatlab Environment is used
Total_Num_nodes=10Total_Num_nodes=10SOURCE ID= 1SOURCE ID= 1DESTINATION ID = 2DESTINATION ID = 2PathLoss=2; PathLoss=2; MinReqRxPower=0.4 (Units) MinReqRxPower=0.4 (Units) PowerLevel1= 1(Units);PowerLevel1= 1(Units);PowerLevel2= 2(Units);PowerLevel2= 2(Units);PowerLevel3= 3(Units);PowerLevel3= 3(Units);PowerLevel4= 4(Units);PowerLevel4= 4(Units);PowerLevel5= 5(Units);PowerLevel5= 5(Units);T_RFR= T_SFR= T_RFRD= T_RFR= T_SFR= T_RFRD=
T_RD=2unitsT_RD=2units7 4 27 4 27 4 37 4 37 4 67 4 67 10 67 10 6
a. Algo_1 b. Algo_2a. Algo_1 b. Algo_2c. Algo_3 _A c. Algo_3 _A d. Algo_3_B d. Algo_3_B
a. Algo_4_A b. Algo_4_Ba. Algo_4_A b. Algo_4_Bc. Algo_5_A c. Algo_5_A d. Algo_5_B d. Algo_5_B
Algo_6, A, B, C,DAlgo_6, A, B, C,D
Simulation results Routing processSimulation results Routing process
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Algorithms
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Algorithms
Co
nsu
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Consumed Energy with sleep mode
Simulation results Simulation results Data transferData transfer
Sample values with realistic valuesSample values with realistic valuesAverage Results over 5 simulations
N=10, A=100*100sqm, Free Parth loss exponent=5
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
Algorithms
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Number of hops -LatencyNumber of hops -LatencyAverage Hops
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Algorithms
Nu
mb
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of
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Future workFuture work
To implement the same idea for searching To implement the same idea for searching a set of routes instead of random walka set of routes instead of random walk
To incorporate mobilityTo incorporate mobility
More power level and continuous power More power level and continuous power control control
Thank You ALL!!Thank You ALL!!
Questions Questions ????