Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia• Cell Number: Multicellular with extensive specialization
• Cell Type: Eukaryotic Animal Cells (no cell wall)
• Food: Heterotrophic – Carnivore (meat), Herbivore (plants), Omnivore (meat and plants), or Detritivore (scavenger)
• Reproduction: Sexual (Eggs or live birth)
• Special Features: Advanced nervous systems means cephalization (faces), brains, and efficient mobility (walk/run/swim/grab)
Animal Organization• Cell Specialization
• Cells are adapted for one job (digestion, transport, etc.)
• Cell Differentiation
• Cells look different from one another (muscle vs. skin cell)
• Body Organization
• Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism
• Heart cell + other heart cells Heart tissue + other heart tissue Heart + veins/arteries Cardiovascular system + other systems Human
Animal Organization (cont’d)• Asymmetry
• no set structure to the organism (draw one)
• Radial symmetry
• Cut in half anywhere (like a pie) and both halves look the same (draw one)
• Bilateral
• Cut in half at one place and both halves look the same (draw one)
Animal Organization (cont’d)
• Anatomy Terms
• Dorsal - Back
• Ventral - Belly
• Anterior - Head
• Posterior – Tail
Animal Classification
• Vertebrates
• Animals with a notochord (backbone)
• Only one phylum- Chordata
• Invertebrates
• Animals with no notochord (backbone)
• Lots of phyla - Most animals are invertebrates
Animal Reproduction
• Sexual with sperm (male) and eggs (female). Sperm + Egg = Zygote Embryo Fetus
• The more advanced the animals, the more complicated sexual reproduction
• Some animals exhibit metamorphosis in their life cycles• Complete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a larvae
(ex: tadpole or caterpillar) and then develops into an adult that looks very different (ex: frog or butterfly)
• Incomplete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a nymph, which is just a smaller version of the adult
Animal Evolution – first to last• Invertebrates
• Simplest Animals – Porifera (Sponges)• Asymmetrical; aquatic; filter feeders; sessile (do not move as
adults); hermaphroditic (both male and female)
• Nerves Evolve – Cnidaria (Jellyfish and Anemones)• Radial symmetry; aquatic; some sessile, some motile; specialized
tissues for feeding and movement
• Organ systems evolve – Nematoda, Annelida, Platyhelminthes (all Worms)• Bilateral symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial (land); motile; digestive
and simple nervous systems
• Cephalization (faces), Skeletons, and nervous systems evolve - Echinodermata (Starfish and Urchins), Mollusca (Clams, Octopus, Squid), and Arthropoda (Insects, Crabs, and Lobsters)• Bilateral or radial symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial; motile; digestive,
circulatory, and sometimes complex nervous systems; insects are most common animals
Animal Evolution- first to last (cont’d)• Vertebrates
• Backbones and complex brain systems evolve –Chordata (Vertebrates)• Separated into five major classes – Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia,
Aves (birds), and Mammalia
• Backbone allows for most complex brains; bilateral symmetry; specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, antennae, etc); highly organized bodies
• Mammals are considered “dominant”; especially humans
Porifera - Sponges
Cnidaria – Jellies and Anemones
Worms (Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Annelida)
Echinodermata – Seastars and Urchins
Mollusca – Clams, Snails, Octopuses, & Squid
Arthropoda – insects and crustaceans
Chordata –VertebratesClass 1 - Fish
Class 2 - Amphibia
Class 3 - Reptilia
Class 4 –Aves (birds)
Class 5 - Mammalia
Special Animal Characteristics• Animal Homeostasis
• Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot)
• Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or pant when hot)
• Cnidarian
• Body Plan• Polyp- attached (draw)
• Medusa- Free floating (draw)
• Special Cell • Nematocyst – stinging cell
Special Animal Characteristics (cont’d)
• Chordata – Fishes• Bony or cartilaginous (sharks)
• Chordata – Mammals• Live birth and mammary glands
• Marsupials – mammals with pouches
• Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs