Kingdom Diversity
3 Domains
• Domain Archae – contains members of the Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Domain Bacteria – contain members of the Kingdom Eubacteria
• Domain Eukarya – contain members of the Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria
• Prokaryotes• Live in extreme environments– Halophiles – salt– Thermoacidophiles – heat, acidic environments– Methanogens – swamps, intestines of cows
• No layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall• Biochemically more related to eukaryotic
cells.
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
• Prokaryotes– Three Shapes:– Cocci – round– Baccilli – rods– Spirilla – spirals
• Layer of peptidoglycan• Classified as gram + or gram –• Eubacteria cause most bacterial infections– Strep throat– Lactobacillus (yogurt bacteria)
How Bacteria Get Energy
• Photosynthesis – energy from sunlight• Cellular Respiration – energy from break down
of organic material• Chemosynthesis – energy from chemicals
available in the environment
• Charts pg. 582-583
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Protista
• Most diverse kingdom– Eukaryotic– Multicellular and unicellular organisms– Photosynthetic or heterotrophic
• Catch all group of eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, plants or fungus
• Amoebas, paramecium, algae
Kingdom Protista
• Animal like-Protozoa• Plant like-Algae• Fungi like-Slime Molds
How Protists Move
• Pseudopods – “false feet”
• Cilia – short, numerous, hair-like structures
• Flagella – relatively long, whip-like; one or two in number
How Protists Obtain Energy
• Autotrophic – use photosynthesis (green!!!)
• Heterotrophic – engulf and digest their food
How Protists Impact Humans
• Parasitic protists cause some of the world’s most deadly diseases–Malaria–African sleeping sickness
• Many protists are photosynthetic• Beneficial in digestion• Diatomaceous earth-toothpaste, pool
filters, etc.
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Fungi
• Saprotrophic – externally break down food and absorb it using a structure called hyphae, heterotrophic• Feed on dead and decaying material• Can cause disease – ring worm, yeast
infections
Kingdom Fungi
• Cell walls contain chitin (polysaccharide)• Mushrooms, truffles, yeast• Grouped by their reproductive
structures
Importance of Fungi to Humans
• Yeast!!!! Bread, and alcoholic beverages• Decomposition – breaking down all
the dead materials
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Plantae
• Autotrophic – make their own food through the process of photosynthesis
• Cell walls contain cellulose• Non-motile
• Nonvascular – moss• Vascular Seedless – ferns• Gymnosperms – pine trees• Angiosperms – flowering plants
Importance of Plants to the World
• Primary Producers – the energy source in ecosystems
• Medicines• Removing carbon dioxide from the air and
producing oxygen• Wood for construction• Fibers for clothing
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
• Heterotrophic• No cell wall• Motile • Most recent on the evolutionary time line!