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A
D .H. I , . .E
Bismillah Membangun Generasi Khaira Ummah
( B )
A
C :
G
. A ,
C1 C4 , .
B 2 , ; 6, C4 C7
. ( )
, . ., .
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.
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C4 C7 6 .
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H I : C 1
6 : C 3 A : C 4 7
A
Narrowest point = cricoid cartilageINFANT
ADULT
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F
C ( )
(A)
, ,
E
F
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Walls of the laryngeal cavity:-
Mucousmembrane
intact on thisside
Mucousmembrane
removed on thisside
Vestibular fold
True vocal fold (Vocal cord)
Vestibular ligament :(inferior free margin ofquadrangularmembrane)
Vocal ligament:(superior free marginof conus elasticus)
C
, ,
A I
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C C
. 2 3
,
.
I &
B A
360 ,
E ,
& ,
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H
I
F E
E
E
E B
, . &
F
C
C
E
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C
C , ,
, .
G
G C ,
A 2/3
1/3
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B 5 C
C
A ,
B CA & CA
A
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.
.
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31
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx:-
,
, :
. F
. A .
A
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.
.
, :
( ) .
I
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C
A F
Muscles that abduct the vocal cords :
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Muscles that adduct the vocal cords: & .
Muscles that tense& relax the vocal cords:
C ( )
( )
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Muscles that close the laryngeal inlet:
&
. F
.
A
.
A :I
B : .
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: D I
I I ,
,
. : I .
E I
.
I
. I
. I
. ,
,
.
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. A.
. I . A. I .
.
B
I
C E
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C
A
C
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F H
F , ,
A
C
H A
K
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Impaired Movement of Vocal Folds
Cricoarytenoid joint dysfunction Trauma associated with endotracheal intubation
Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage Surgical injury and tumor compression
G I
, ,
( )
Cricoarytenoid Joint Dysfunction
The mechanism of arytenoid dislocation motor reactions during endotracheal intubation, or directtrauma to the cricoarytenoid joints leading to joint cavityhemorrhage. The frequency has been reported to be 0.023%.
Risk factors the use of lighted stylet, laryngeal mask airway and McCoy
laryngoscope, endotracheal intubation with double lumentube and cases of difficult intubation
Mikuni I, et al . Br J Anaesth 2006, 96(1): 136-138.
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Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage
The mechanism of recurrent laryngeal nervedamage Direct injury or indirect compression of the nerve
or it proximal innervation (vagus nerve)
Risk factors Injury, tumors, or surgery in the neck and upper
chest.
I
(
)
.
, .
.
B I
. C
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E C
I
( )
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Intubation Technique
Effect Of Edema
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TERIMA KASIH!