Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 1
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Lecture 18Photon Entanglement and Teleportation
Reminder: •Lecture notes taker: Zhou Fang•HWK4 due date extended to 4/14 Monday•Condensed Matter Seminar Friday 3:30pm on QD-Si energy transfer (excitonic)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 2
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Lectures Topics Lecture 1 (1/13) Overview (FQ1+) Lecture 2 (1/15) Review Classical Optics (FQ2; FS1-2) No Class on 1/20 Monday (MLK day) Lecture 3 (1/22) Review Quantum Mechanics, birth of photons (FQ3+) Lecture 4 (1/27) Quantum Information, cryptography & communication (FQ12) Lecture 5 (1/29) Radiative Transitions in Atoms & Molecules (FQ4; FS8.2) Lecture 6 (2/03) Radiative/Inter-band transition in solids (FS3, FS7.3.2) Lecture 7 (2/05) Masers & Lasers: CW, pulsed, frequency comb, Xasers Lecture 8 (2/10) Photon Statistics (FQ5) Lecture 9 (2/12) Photon Correlation (FQ6), extension to other (quasi)particles Lecture 10 (2/17) Coherent, Squeezed & Number states (FQ7,8) Lecture 11 (2/19) Resonant Light-atom interaction, density matrices, Rabi oscillation (FQ9) Lecture 12 (2/24) Solid state quantum structures: wells, wires and dots (FS6) Lecture 13 (2/26) Laser cooling of atoms & solids (FQ11+) Lecture 14 (3/03) Cold atoms & atom optics, atom lasers (given by TA R. Niffenegger) Lecture 15 (3/05) TBD (Special topics/APS/coherent control) Lecture 16 (3/10) Excitons and Polaritons (FS4+) Lecture 17 (3/12) Luminescence, Luminescence/NV centers & quantum emitters (FS5,9+) No classes on 3/17 & 3/19 (Spring Break) Lecture 18 (3/24) EIT, slow light (Agarwal) & coherent control Lecture 19 (3/26) Quantum entanglement, memory & teleportation (FQ14) Lecture 20 (3/31) Atoms in cavities, Jaynes-Cummings model (FQ10) Lecture 21 (4/02) Cavity QED/circuit QED, optomechanics Lecture 22 (4/07) Quantum Computing, photon based QC (FQ13+) Lecture 23 (4/09) Quantum Computing systems: ions, Rydberg atoms, molecules Lecture 24 (4/14) Quantum Computing systems: superconductor/cQED, quantum dots, NMR Lecture 25 (4/16) Photonics with nanomaterials: CNT, graphene & 2D materials (FS8+) Lecture 26 (4/21) Phonons/Vibrons and Raman spectroscopy, CARS (FS10) Lecture 27 (4/23) Special topics: Quantum Sensing & Photodetectors, applications Lecture 28 (4/28) Special topics: Optically synthetic gauge fields/topological/quantum
matter, quantum emulation, student presentations Lecture 29 (4/30) Special topics: Casimir, (quantum) plasmonics etc. student presentations Final Exam on (TBD)
Course OutlinePart 1: basic review:Optics+Quantum;
Part 2: Basic Light-matter interaction; laser;
Part 3: Quantum Optics of photons
Part 4: More advanced light-matter interaction
Part 5: Quantum information/photonics/applications
Subject to change;Check updates on course web/wiki
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 3
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Today’s Plan
• Quantum Entanglement and Teleportation (photons)
[FQ Chap 14]
• Student Presentation of Special Topic: Boson Sampling (photons)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 4
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Quantum Entanglement & Teleportation (of Photons)
Beam Me Up Scotty? A Q&A about Quantum Teleportation with H. Jeff Kimble ---- Scientific American 2008
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 5
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Entangled States (“Bell States”)A “many-body” (at least 2 particles) state:Cannot be factored into “product” states (|particle1>|particle2> etc.)
Example:
(perfect positive correlation) (perfect negative correlation)
• Can be generated from product state by CNOT gate
Entanglement also important for many-body correlated quantum states, “topological order”, eg. in FQHE (cf. Haldane, Bernevig, …)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 6
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Generate Entangled States (correlated photon pairs)
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)-Bohm
Individual measurement results: random yet correlated b/t two detectors
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 7
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Schrodinger Cat?
But:Decoherence in macro object(environment)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 8
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Generation of entangled photon pairs• Cascade in atomic transitions (eg. Ca)
• Down-conversion in nonlinear crystal
(“type-II”)
Phase matching
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 9
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Single Photon Interferometer
Hong-Ou-Mandelinterferometer
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 10
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Quantum Theory of HBT Experiment
(normal ordering)
(vac)
classical quantum
input
for |1>=|n>(number state)
for |1>=|>(coherent state)=1
(=0 “anti-bunching” for single photon)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 11
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
“Which path” interferometer• Possibility to know destroys
interference
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 12
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
“Bell’s theorem/inequality” (for local hidden variables) ---- violation proves no LHVs
QMLHV
“in-flight” changeno >c info
Aspect’82
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 13
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Teleportation
Quantum state (info), not the physical qubit/entity (eg. photon)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 14
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
EPR/Bell-assisted teleportation
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 16 (3/31/2014) Slide 15
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Nature 390, 575-579 (11 December 1997) | doi:10.1038/37539; Received 16 October 1997; Accepted 18 November 1997
Experimental quantum teleportationDik Bouwmeester1, Jian-Wei Pan1, Klaus Mattle1, Manfred Eibl1, Harald Weinfurter1 & Anton Zeilinger1