About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.orgICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org
June 2019
Chris Ojiewo1*, Essegbemon Akpo1, Muricho Geoffrey1, Hippolyte Affognon1, Jean-Claude Rubyogo2, Enid Katungi2, Lucky Omoigui3, Julius Manda3, Arega Alene3, Rajeev Varshney1
1 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India2 International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); 3 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)* Correspondence: [email protected]
Legume Variety Adoption and Varietal Turnover in Selected African Countries
High numbers of public variety releases, but low adoption rates (http://www.asti.cgiar.org/diiva). Why? ▪ Could the varieties be inferior to the
ruling ones? ▪ Superior varieties but limited data
to demonstrate superiority? ▪ Limited awareness of new varieties
and their superior traits? ▪ Seed systems unable to respond
to demand due to systemic bottlenecks?
Public Private Partnerships for seed delivery:Develop commercial seed opportunities1. Ensure effective ‘handover’ from research to public Early Generation Seed (EGS)
system ▪ Robust testing, documentation of product, its quality and fit
▪ Strengthen public seed system to provide initial seed stocks in right amounts, right time, and right quality ▪ Building the capacity of public system actors in technical, operational/planning and
business skills
64% of legume farmers are buying ‘seed’ from local markets (McGuire and Sperling, 2016):
Product advancement criteria and variety prioritization process
Systemic bottlenecksProfitability of grain legumes• Need for robust data to put a strong case of profitability of new varieties?
Estimating markets and demand for seed• Erratic demand that does not drive investment
Market aggregation and demand structure• Limited data for informed decision making about market segmentation• Limitations in policy support• Complex regulations by governments.
Seed value chain: End-use demand determines
Own seed Local market Agro-dealer
Friends/neighbours/relatives
GLDC germplasm/
Breeding
Variety release/ adoption
Seed production/
quality control
Grain production
Post harvest/ value
addition
Markets (local and
export)
Consumption/ utilization
Breeding, testing, release, breeder seed
Basic/foundation seed production
Seed commercialization,improving production & consumption systems
Breeding units (CGIAR, NARS, HLI); Regulator
Public/Private sector; Regulator
Public & Private partnerships; Civic Society; Regulator
24
4
64
6
▪ Allocation of resources Choice of crop
▪ Choice of seed source Seed replacement rate
▪ Choice of variety Varietal turnover
▪ Unknown variety and hence performance
▪ Unknown vigor and germination ▪ Unknown seed-borne disease
burden ▪ Sub-par genetic purity ▪ Farmer needs to further sort
before planting; loses over 20% ▪ Why don’t they obtain seed from
the right sources?
▪ Hold Back: Worst in class for researcher and stakeholders
▪ Innovative: Best bet variety for researcher and stakeholders
▪ Subsistence: Worst in class for researcher; best in class for stakeholders
▪ Speciality: Best in class for researcher; worst in class for stakeholders
Current adoption levels and area-weighted average variety age (AWAVA) in selected countries.
Crop/country Variety adoption (%) AWAVA (years)
Cowpea/Nigeria 29 4.6
Groundnut/Tanzania 19 26.9
Common bean/Tanzania 38 18.4
Common bean/Ethiopia 14 19.4
▪ Use demand for quality grain to drive seed purchase ▪ Formalizing markets (local & regional export, processing markets) ▪ Five or more SMEs in each key geography (100s in some cases) ▪ Multi-stakeholder platforms (hundreds) formed across grain/seed value chains
▪ Ensures market signals are heard ▪ Raising awareness via demos, seed fairs, and media campaigns
Contact InformationDr Chris Ojiewo, PhDTheme Leader, Seed Systems Global Coordinator, Tropical Legumes III and Hope llProjectsGlobal Research Program, Genetic GainsInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsAddress: ICRISAT-Nairobi, UN Avenue, GigiriPo.Box 39063 – 00623, Nairobi, Kenya
Phone: +254-20 722 4566, Cell: +254 720 351 323Email: [email protected]; [email protected]: www.icrisat.orgSkype: jakarachuonyoFor ICRISAT’s scientific information see:http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org
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