Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
Part FourPart Four
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I. Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III.Word Building
IV. Grammar
Language Language StudyStudy
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:
1. acclaim
2. content
3. convert
4. corrupt
5. creed
6. convention
7. discard
8. doctrine
17. hollow
18. inhabit
19. mock
20. neglect
21. perish
22. realm
23. restrain
24. stroll
9. elaborate
10. elegant
11. emulate
12. erase
13. expedition
14. extravagance
15. fiery
16. flatter
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
1. acclaim
v. to praise enthusiastically and often publicly n. enthusiastic applause Examples:
Penicillin was acclaimed as the most important discovery during the 1940's.
He was acclaimed as the winner.
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acclamatoryacclamationSynonym
applausepraise hail
Word formation
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
2. content
a. a. satisfied b. willing v. to make satisfied n. a. something contained b. subject matter of a written work c. substantive or meaningful part d. proportion of a specified substance
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Word formation
contentedcontentmentdiscontented
be content to dobe content withcontent oneself withto one’s heart content
Collocation
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Examples:
She was content to step down after four
years as chief executive.
She is content with very little.
He contented himself with one piece of cake.
The brain is hungry not for method but for
content.
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3. convert
v. a. to adapt to a new or different purpose b. to persuade to adopt a religion, or belief c. to exchange for sth. of equal value
Examples:
That building has been converted into a school.
We converted to Islam several years ago.
I want to convert some RMB into US dollars.
Word formation
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convert toconvert into
conversion convertibleCollocation
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
4. corrupt
a. a. marked by immorality and perversion b. dishonest v. a. to ruin morally b. to taint; contaminate c. to cause to become rotten; spoil
Examples:
We find him a corrupt judge.
The businessman was sent to prison for
trying to corrupt a tax official with money.
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Synonyms
rottendishonestdeprave debase
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
5. creed n. a system of beliefs, principles, or laws
Examples:
Discrimination should be banned on the
basis of race or creed.
He had an architectural creed that
demanded simple lines.
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6. convention n. all habits or traditions
Examples:
It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions.
By convention, north is at the top of most maps.
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Word formation
Synonyms
conveneconventionalunconventional
customhabitstradition
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
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v. to throw away; reject
Example: She bundled up the clothes she would
discard.
7. discard
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Synonyms
rejectabandondesert
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. doctrine
n. rule or principle
Example:
They strongly opposed the Monroe
Doctrine.
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creed
belief
synonyms
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
9. elaborate
v. to work out with care and detail a. intricate and rich in detail
Examples:
elaborate plan
elaborate furniture
elaborate security precaution
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. elegant
a. exhibiting refined, tasteful beauty of manner, form, or style
Examples:
elegant woman
elegant clothes
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Synonyms
polishedrefinedgraceful
Word formation
elegance
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
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11. emulate
v. to strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation
Synonyms
Example:
You must work hard to emulate your
brother's success.
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rivalimitatecopyfollow
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
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12. erase
v. to wipe out or rub out
Examples:
erase an equation from the blackboard
erase all thoughts of failure from his mind
erase a file from the disc
erase the video cassette
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removecanceldelete
Synonyms
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
13. expedition
n. a journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite objective
Examples:
a scientific expedition to the South Pole
The builders promised to expedite the
repairs.
expedite v. to speed up the progress of; facilitate
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14. extravagance
n. luxury
Example:
Salmon trout is an unnecessary extravagance.
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Synonym
luxury
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
fiery hair a fiery sunset fiery cheeks a fiery boil a fiery temper a fiery denunciation
15. fiery
火红的头发火红的夕阳发红的脸蛋红肿的水疱暴躁的脾气激烈的控诉
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a. flaming, growing, passionate like fire
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
v. a. to compliment excessively and often insincerely
b. portray favorably
Examples:What really flatters a man is that you think him worth flattering.The photograph flatters its subject.
16. flatter
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Synonym
complimentpraise
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study17. hollow
a. a. having a cavity, gap, or space within b. sunken c. without substance or character d. devoid of truth or validity
Examples: a hollow wall a hollow person hollow footsteps hollow in one's life His bearded face already has a set, hollow
look. Theirs is at best a hollow form of flattery.
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18. inhabitv. to live or reside in
Example:
a district sparsely inhabited
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19. mockv. to treat with ridicule or contempt; deride
a. simulated; false; sham
Examples:Some MPs mocked the government’s decision.They mocked at the idea.He went to church only to mock.Jim threw up his hands in mock horror.
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20. neglectv. to pay little or no attention to; fail to heed;
disregard n. habitual lack of care
Examples: If you neglect this property, it will
depreciate.
Don't neglect to lock the door.
He was criticized for his neglect of duty.
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Word formation
neglectfulnegligentnegligence
Synonyms
ignoreoverlook
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
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21. perishv. to pass from existence; disappear
gradually
Examples:Man will go down into the pit, and all his thoughts will perish.
Flowers perish when frost comes.
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Synonyms
infringetransgress
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
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22. realm n. a. an area of interest or activity
b. a country ruled by a king or queenExamples:
The differences are profound in the realm of
ideology.
A new building for the school is not within
the realms of possibility.
The matter was hotly debated in the realm.
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Synonyms
areafieldkingdom
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
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23. restrainv. a. to hold back or keep in check; control
b. to deprive of freedom or liberty, limit or restrict
Examples:
She never restrained them from going.
I can't restrain my anger when I hear of
people being cruel to animals.
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Word formation
restraint
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
24. strollv. to go for a leisurely walk
Examples:
We strolled through the park.
My friend likes to stroll around the flea
market on the chance of picking up
something of value.
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Synonyms
saunterwalk
Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
List:
1. a (large) corps of
2. by design
3. provide for
4. seek out
5. toil and sweat
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
a body of persons acting together or associated under common direction
Example:A corps of technicians is/are accompanying the band on their tour.
1. a (large) corps of
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
Similar phrases:
a crowd of a large quantity of
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
on purpose, deliberately, intentionally
Example:
Did you phone me on my birthday by accident or by design?
2. by design
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
a. to take measures in preparation b. to supply means of subsistence
Examples:
We should provide for the common defense of the states.
She provides for her family by working in a hospital.
3. provide for
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
4. seek out
to look for something and find it
Example:
After the meeting he sought out the person who had spoken about the plan.
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
to work very hard for a long time
Example:
The laborers toiled and sweated during the hot summer.
5. toil and sweat
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingList:
1. Prefix–auto
2. Root–lun
3. Suffix–ish
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
automaton (12)automaton (12)
prefix
auto-: self, automatic
autobiographyautomobileautographautocracyautomationautonomyauto-focus
自传汽车亲笔签名,手稿独裁政治自动控制自治自动聚焦
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
lun: moon
lunalunarlunacylunitidalluneslune
月,月神月亮的精神病太阴潮的精神病的发作弓形,半月形
lunatic (1)lunatic (1)root
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
a. somewhat, characteristic, tending toward, having undesirable qualities
Suffix—ishMore examples
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
childishwomanishboyishgirlishmonkishwolfishdevilish
幼稚的像女人的孩子气的少女似的(男孩儿)僧侣的豺狼般的如恶魔般的
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
Suffix—ish
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
The end of Word Building.
coldishfattishsweetishgreenishyellowishreddishoutlandish
微冷的稍胖的有点甜的呈绿色的微黄的微红的奇异的
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
IV.IV. GrammarGrammarInversionInversion
Definition: reversal of the normal order of words, typically for rhetorical effect but also found in the regular formation of questions
Example:There is a pen on the table.Here comes the bus.I like swimming and so does my sister.Only in this way can you solve the problem.Were I you, I would refuse.Try as I could, I could not pass the exam.
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
Only then did I understand what she meant. Only when he told me did I realize the
importance of learning English. Never have I achieved such a rapid progress. Hardly had he entered the room when she
began to complain. On no account will they give up the plan.
Inversion Inversion
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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Lesson 10 – Diogenes and Alexander
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