Level 4
IELTS Writing Task 1
Task 1 – Temporal Graphs Extension
Task 1 on the IELTS exam requires you to transfer information from a chart into a written report. You need to be able to give a clear interpretation of the data in the chart. You need to produce a report that gives an introduction and a body paragraph for each of the data sources.
So far you have practiced how to write about a line graph with three lines.
In this section you will use the skills and language that you have learned to write about other types
of temporal charts with different amounts of information.
To get a band 5 or 5.5 in IELTS, you need to:-
• write an overview
• describe the main information in the chart(s) correctly
• make some comparisons
• organise your writing in a clear and logical way
• use some good linking words
• use suitable vocabulary with good range, spelling and correct word forms
• have some simple sentences, some compound sentences (using linking words like and &
but), some complex sentences (e.g. …., which was the highest figure in the period, …,
after which…)
1
Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis
The graph below shows the number of complaints made to a hotel in Dubai between 1990 and 2006.
Look at the graph and answer the questions.
1) What type of graph is it and what does it show?
Write the first sentence of the introduction in the box below.
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2) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about service?
3) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about cleanliness?
4) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about price?
5) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about food choices?
6) What are the similarities and differences in these trends?
7) How many paragraphs will you write for this report?
8) Will you start with two paragraphs with similar overall trends or different overall trends?
2
Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis
Look at the graph. Write the overview sentence of the introduction in the box below.
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Look at the graph. Write the first sentence of each body paragraph in the boxes below.
Looking at______________________________________________________________________________
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Similarly,_______________________________________________________________________________
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Unlike_________________________________________________________________________________
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Similar to______________________________________________________________________________
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Introduction - overview
Body 1 – general trend sentence
Body 2 – comparison & general trend sentence
Body 3 – comparison & general trend sentence
Body 4 – comparison & general trend sentence
3
Task 1 Temporal Graph Model Answer
The line graph shows the number of complaints received by a hotel, which were about service, how
clean it was, the cost and the choice of food, from 1990 to 2006. As an overall trend, the number of
complaints about food choices and cleanliness increased, while the number of complaints about prices and
service decreased over the sixteen year period.
Looking at the number of complaints about food choices, it is clear to see that it went up over
the period. It stood at 40 in 1990, after which it fluctuated upwards to 90 in 2004. Between 2004 and
2005, the figure leveled off.
Similarly, the number of complaints about cleanliness climbed during the same sixteen years. It
began at about 25 in 1990, before plateauing at 30 between 1992 and 1998. From 2000 to 2006, it rose
gradually to 80, which was the highest figure in the period.
Unlike number of complaints about food choices and cleanliness, there was an overall drop in the
number of complaints about hotel service. It started at 60 in 1990. Following this, there was a downwards
fluctuation in the number to approximately 5 in 2006, which was the lowest figure in the period.
Similar to the number of complaints about food choices, the number of complaints about prices fell
over the sixteen years. It began at 80 in 1990 and then rose slightly before following a downward trend to 30
in 2006.
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
199019921994199619982000200220042006
Nu
mb
er Service
Cleanliness
Price
Food Choices
4
Task 1 Temporal Graph Practice
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Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis & Comparison
Look at the graphs above and answer the questions.
1. What do the graphs show?
2. Is the information the same or different?
Sales of butter in millions of euros
Sales of sugar in millions of euros
2005 2015 2005 2015
Germany 1.5 8 Germany 2 7
Holland 3 6 Holland 1 5.5 Finland 1.8 2 Finland 0.6 4
Latvia 1 1.7 Latvia 1.8 1 Poland 0.8 1 Poland 2 0.9
7
Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis & Comparison
Look at the charts and answer the questions.
1) What type of charts are they and what do they show?
Write the first sentence of the introduction in the box below.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2) What is the overall trend for sales of butter in each country?
3) What is the overall trend for sales of sugar in each country?
4) Is it easier to write a body paragraph for each country or one body paragraph for butter and another body
paragraph for sugar?
5) For sales of butter, in which countries did it increase sharply and in which did it increase only slightly?
6) Which country had the highest sales of butter in 2015?
7) If you were writing one body paragraph about sales of butter, which country would you write first? Which
one would be second, and which three would you describe together?
8) For sales of sugar, in which three countries did sales rise and in which two countries did sales fall?
9) Which country had the lowest sales of sugar in 2015?
Sales of butter in millions of euros
Sales of sugar in millions of euros
2005 2015 2005 2015
Germany 1.5 8 Germany 2 7
Holland 3 6 Holland 1 5.5
Finland 1.8 2 Finland 0.6 4 Latvia 1 1.7 Latvia 1.8 1
Poland 0.8 1 Poland 2 0.9
8
Task 1 Temporal Graph Model Answer
Put the words/phrases from the boxes into the gaps in the paragraphs.
The tables show sales of butter and sugar in five European countries, __________________ Germany,
Holland, Finland, Latvia and Poland, in 2005 and 2015 in millions of euros. _________________________,
sales of butter increased in all the countries. _____________, sales of sugar rose in Germany, Holland and
Finland, _____________ in Latvia and Poland it decreased over the ten year period.
Looking at the amount of butter sold in the five countries, _______________________________
it went up over the period. In Germany, it climbed dramatically, from 1.5 million euros to 8 million euros,
_________________________ in the five countries. Butter sales in Holland ______________ grew
sharply, from 3 million euros to 6 million euros. ______________, sales of butter increased slightly in
the other three countries, from 1.8 to 2 million euros in Finland, from 1 to 1.7 million euros in Latvia and
from 0.8 to 1 million euros in Poland.
___________________________, sales of sugar went up in three of the countries, ___________
there was an overall fall in the other two countries. In Germany, sales stood at 2 million euros in 2005,
before rising rapidly to 7 million euros in 2015. Sales ___________ increased sharply in Holland and
Finland, from 1 to 5.5 million and 0.6 to 4 million euros ____________________. On the other hand, in
Latvia, the figure dropped moderately from 1.8 to 1 million euros, while in Poland, there was a moderate
decrease from 2 to 0.9 million euros, ______________________________ in the five countries.
Sales of butter in millions of euros
Sales of sugar in millions of euros
2005 2015 2005 2015
Germany 1.5 8 Germany 2 7 Holland 3 6 Holland 1 5.5
Finland 1.8 2 Finland 0.6 4 Latvia 1 1.7 Latvia 1.8 1
Poland 0.8 1 Poland 2 0.9
As an overall trend while which were However
In contrast which was the highest also it is clear to see that
respectively but which was the lowest also unlike butter sales
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Task 1 Temporal Graph Practice
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Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis and Comparison
Look at the graph and answer the questions below.
1) What type of graph is it and what does it show?
2) Is the percentage of people over 64 years in each country higher in 1940 or 2030?
3) Which parts of this graph are in the past, present and future?
4) Read the introduction below and underline the overview sentence. What does the overview
sentence compare?
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10
20
30
40
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Percentage of people 65 years and over
Qatar Bahrain Iran
Introduction
The line graph shows the percentage of people older than 64 years in three countries,
which are Qatar, Bahrain and Iran, from 1940 to 2030. As an overall trend, the percentage of
people 65 and older in all three countries will be higher in 2030 than in 1940.
12
present perfect simple
5) Read body paragraph 1 below and underline the ‘comparison and general trend sentence’.
6) Using the information from the description part of body paragraph 1, complete the diagram below
by filling in the boxes.
7) Look at the diagram above,
a) why are past simple tenses used in the first two time points?
b) why is the present perfect simple used in 2016?
8) How is the present perfect formed (complete the gaps)?
have / __________________ + increased (past participle)
9) What time word is used with the year 2010 in the sentence with the present perfect simple tense?
1940 2030 2016 Year
Percentage 8% 20% 25%
Verb
past simple
past
simple
stood at
Verb tense
fluctuated has increased
will rise
Body 1
Looking at the figures for Qatar, it is clear to see that the percentage was lower in the
past and it will be greater in 2030. It stood at about 8% in 1940, after which it fluctuated
upwards to 20% in 2010. Since 2010, the percentage has increased to about 22%. In 2030, it
will rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
13
present perfect simple
10) Complete the gaps in other ways to write a future form for this graph.
In 2030, it will rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
In 2030, it is expected _______ rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
or
In 2030, it is predicted to _______ to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
11) Read body paragraph 2 below and underline the ‘comparison and general trend sentence’. Then,
using the information from the description part of body paragraph 2, complete the diagram below.
1940 2030 Year
Percentage 12%
Verb
past simple
future
simple
_________________
Verb tense
_______________ will rise
Body 2
Similarly, the percentage in Bahrain was much smaller in the past than it will be in 2030.
It began at 5% in 1940, which was the lowest figure in the period. Since then, there has been
an upwards trend to around 12%. In 2030, it will rise to 30%.
14
present perfect simple
12) Read body paragraph 3 below and underline the ‘comparison and general trend sentence’. Then,
find the sentence with a present perfect simple verb and use the information from that sentence to
complete the diagram below.
Year
Percentage
Verb
Verb tense
_______________
Body 3
Similar to in Qatar and Bahrain, in Iran, the percentage in 1940 was not as high as it will
be in 2030. It started at around 3% in 1940, before declining slightly to about 1% in 1950.
Following this, there was no change to 1970. Next, the figure climbed gradually to
approximately 7% in 2000. Since 2000, it has gone up to 25%. In 2030, it will increase to
40%.
15
Task 1 Temporal Graph
Model Answer
The line graph shows the percentage of people older than 64 years in three countries, which
are Qatar, Bahrain and Iran, from 1940 to 2030. As an overall trend, the percentage of people 65
and older in all three countries will be higher in 2030 than in 1940.
Looking at the figures for Qatar, it is clear to see that the percentage was lower in the
past and it will be greater in 2030. It stood at about 8% in 1940, after which it fluctuated
upwards to 20% in 2010. Since 2010, the percentage has increased to about 22%. In 2030, it
will rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
Similarly, the percentage in Bahrain was much smaller in the past than it will be in 2030.
It began at 5% in 1940, which was the lowest figure in the period. Since then, there has been
an upwards trend to around 12%. In 2030, it will rise to 30%.
Similar to in Qatar and Bahrain, in Iran, the percentage in 1940 was not as high as it will be in
2030. It started at around 3% in 1940, before declining slightly to about 1% in 1950. Following this,
there was no change to 1970. Next, the figure climbed gradually to approximately 7% in 2000. Since
2000, it has gone up to 25%. In 2030, it will increase to 40%.
0
10
20
30
40
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Percentage of people 65 years and over
Qatar Bahrain Iran
16
Task 1 Temporal Graph Practice
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Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis (Answers)
The graph below shows the number of complaints made to a hotel in Dubai between 1990 and 2006.
Look at the graph and answer the questions.
1) What type of graph is it and what does it show? line graph, complaints about one hotel’s servcice, how clean it was, cost and food options
Write the first sentence of the introduction in the box below.
2) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about service? went down
3) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about cleanliness? went up
4) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about price? went down
5) What is the overall trend for the number of complaints about food choices? went up
6) What are the similarities and differences in these trends? services and price same, cleanliness and food choices same 7) How many paragraphs will you write for this report? 4
8) Will you start with two paragraphs with similar overall trends or different overall trends? probably similar
The line graph shows the number of complaints received by a hotel, which were about service, how
clean it was, the cost and the choice of food, from 1990 to 2006.
19
Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis
Look at the graph. Write the overview sentence of the introduction in the box below.
As an overall trend, the number of complaints about food choices and cleanliness increased, while the number
of complaints about prices and service decreased over the sixteen year period.
Look at the graph. Write the first sentence of each body paragraph in the boxes below.
Looking at the number of complaints about food choices, it is clear to see that it went up over the period.
Similarly, the number of complaints about cleanliness climbed during the same sixteen years.
Unlike number of complaints about food choices and cleanliness, there was an overall drop in the number of
complaints about hotel service.
Similar to the number of complaints about food choices, the number of complaints about prices fell over the
sixteen years.
Introduction - overview
Body 1 – general trend sentence
Body 2 – comparison & general trend sentence
Body 3 – comparison & general trend sentence
Body 4 – comparison & general trend sentence
20
Task 1 Temporal Graph Model Answer
The line graph shows the number of complaints received by a hotel, which were about service, how
clean it was, the cost and the choice of food, from 1990 to 2006. As an overall trend, the number of
complaints about food choices and cleanliness increased, while the number of complaints about prices and
service decreased over the sixteen year period.
Looking at the number of complaints about food choices, it is clear to see that it went up over
the period. It stood at 40 in 1990, after which it fluctuated upwards to 90 in 2004. Between 2004 and
2005, the figure leveled off.
Similarly, the number of complaints about cleanliness climbed during the same sixteen years. It
began at about 25 in 1990, before plateauing at 30 between 1992 and 1998. From 2000 to 2006, it rose
gradually to 80, which was the highest figure in the period.
Unlike number of complaints about food choices and cleanliness, there was an overall drop in the
number of complaints about hotel service. It started at 60 in 1990. Following this, there was a downwards
fluctuation in the number to approximately 5 in 2006, which was the lowest figure in the period.
Similar to the number of complaints about food choices, the number of complaints about prices fell
over the sixteen years. It began at 80 in 1990 and then rose slightly before following a downward trend to 30
in 2006.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
199019921994199619982000200220042006
Nu
mb
er Service
Cleanliness
Price
Food Choices
21
Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis & Comparison
Look at the graphs above and answer the questions.
3. What do the graphs show? how much butter and sugar was sold in 5 countries
over 2 years
4. Is the information the same or different? same
Sales of butter in millions of euros
Sales of sugar in millions of euros
2005 2015 2005 2015
Germany 1.5 8 Germany 2 7
Holland 3 6 Holland 1 5.5 Finland 1.8 2 Finland 0.6 4
Latvia 1 1.7 Latvia 1.8 1 Poland 0.8 1 Poland 2 0.9
22
Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis & Comparison (Answers)
Look at the charts and answer the questions.
1) What type of charts are they and what do they show?
Write the first sentence of the introduction in the box below.
The tables show sales of butter and sugar in five European countries, which were Germany, Holland, Finland,
Latvia and Poland, in 2005 and 2015 in millions of euros.
2) What is the overall trend for sales of butter in each country? went up for all countries
3) What is the overall trend for sales of sugar in each country? went up for Germany,Holland and Finland,
went dwn for Latvia and Poland
4) Is it easier to write a body paragraph for each country or one body paragraph for butter and another body
paragraph for sugar? butter and sugar
5) For sales of butter, in which countries did it increase sharply and in which did it increase only slightly?
Germany and Holland – sharply, rest – moderately
6) Which country had the highest sales of butter in 2015? Germany
7) If you were writing one body paragraph about sales of butter, which country would you write first? Which
one would be second, and which three would you describe together? Germany, Holland, other 3
8) For sales of sugar, in which three countries did sales rise and in which two countries did sales fall?
Germany,Holland and Finald – went up, rest - fell
9) Which country had the lowest sales of sugar in 2015? Poland – 0.9 million euros
Sales of butter in millions of euros
Sales of sugar in millions of euros
2005 2015 2005 2015
Germany 1.5 8 Germany 2 7
Holland 3 6 Holland 1 5.5
Finland 1.8 2 Finland 0.6 4 Latvia 1 1.7 Latvia 1.8 1
Poland 0.8 1 Poland 2 0.9
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Task 1 Temporal Graph Gapfill Answers
The tables show sales of butter and sugar in five European countries, which were Germany, Holland,
Finland, Latvia and Poland, in 2005 and 2015 in millions of euros. As an overall trend, sales of butter
increased in all the countries. However, sales of sugar rose in Germany, Holland and Finland, while in Latvia
and Poland it decreased over the ten year period.
Looking at the amount of butter sold in the five countries, it is clear to see that it went up over
the period. In Germany, it climbed dramatically, from 1.5 million euros to 8 million euros, which was
the highest in the five countries. Butter sales in Holland also grew sharply, from 3 million euros to 6
million euros. In contrast, sales of butter increased slightly in the other three countries, from 1.8 to 2
million euros in Finland, from 1 to 1.7 million euros in Latvia and from 0.8 to 1 million euros in Poland.
Unlike butter sales, sales of sugar went up in three of the countries, but there was an overall
fall in the other two countries. In Germany, sales stood at 2 million euros in 2005, before rising rapidly
to 7 million euros in 2015. Sales also increased sharply in Holland and Finland, from 1 to 5.5 million and
0.6 to 4 million euros respectively. On the other hand, in Latvia, the figure dropped moderately from
1.8 to 1 million euros, while in Poland, there was a moderate decrease from 2 to 0.9 million euros,
which was the lowest in the five countries.
Sales of butter in millions of euros
Sales of sugar in millions of euros
2005 2015 2005 2015
Germany 1.5 8 Germany 2 7
Holland 3 6 Holland 1 5.5 Finland 1.8 2 Finland 0.6 4
Latvia 1 1.7 Latvia 1.8 1
Poland 0.8 1 Poland 2 0.9
24
Task 1 Temporal Graph Analysis and Comparison
Look at the graph and answer the questions below.
1) What type of graph is it and what does it show? line graph showing percentage of older people
over 64 years from 1940 to 2030
2) Is the percentage of people over 64 years in each country higher in 1940 or 2030? 2030
3) Which parts of this graph are in the past, present and future?
4) Read the introduction below and underline the overview sentence. What does the overview
sentence compare? earliest time (1940) and latest time (2030)
0
10
20
30
40
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Percentage of people 65 years and over
Qatar Bahrain Iran
Introduction
The line graph shows the percentage of people older than 64 years in three countries,
which are Qatar, Bahrain and Iran, from 1940 to 2030. As an overall trend, the percentage of
people 65 and older in all three countries will be higher in 2030 than in 1940.
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present perfect
simple
5) Read body paragraph 1 below and underline the ‘comparison and general trend sentence’.
6) Using the information from the description part of body paragraph 1, complete the diagram below
by filling in the boxes.
7) Look at the diagram above,
a) why are past simple tenses used in the first two time points? because time markers are in
the past – 1940 and 2010
b) why is the present perfect simple used in 2016? sentence idea links past to now
8) How is the present perfect formed (complete the gaps)?
have / ____has___________ + increased (past participle)
9) What time word is used with the year 2010 in the sentence with the present perfect simple tense?
Since
1940 2010 2030 2016 Year
Percentage 8% 20% 22% 25%
Verb
past simple
past simple
future simple
stood at
Verb tense
fluctuated has
increased will rise
Body 1
Looking at the figures for Qatar, it is clear to see that the percentage was lower in the
past and it will be greater in 2030. It stood at about 8% in 1940, after which it fluctuated
upwards to 20% in 2010. Since 2010, the percentage has increased to about 22%. In 2030, it
will rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
26
present perfect simple
10) Complete the gaps in other ways to write a future form for this graph.
In 2030, it will rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
In 2030, it is expected ___to__ rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
or
In 2030, it is predicted to __rise_ to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
11) Read body paragraph 2 below and underline the ‘comparison and general trend sentence’. Then,
using the information from the description part of body paragraph 2, complete the diagram below.
1940 2030 2016 Year
Percentage 5% 12% 30%
Verb
past simple
future simple
began
Verb tense
has been will rise
Body 2
Similarly, the percentage in Bahrain was much smaller in the past than it will be in 2030.
It began at 5% in 1940, which was the lowest figure in the period. Since then, there has been
an upwards trend to around 12%. In 2030, it will rise to 30%.
27
present perfect simple
12) Read body paragraph 3 below and underline the ‘comparison and general trend sentence’. Then,
find the sentence with a present perfect simple verb and use the information from that sentence to
complete the diagram below.
2000 2016 Year
Percentage 25%
Verb
Verb tense
has gone
Body 3
Similar to in Qatar and Bahrain, in Iran, the percentage in 1940 was not as high as it will
be in 2030. It started at around 3% in 1940, before declining slightly to about 1% in 1950.
Following this, there was no change to 1970. Next, the figure climbed gradually to
approximately 7% in 2000. Since 2000, it has gone up to 25%. In 2030, it will increase to
40%.
28
Task 1 Temporal Graph
Model Answer
The line graph shows the percentage of people older than 64 years in three countries, which
are Qatar, Bahrain and Iran, from 1940 to 2030. As an overall trend, the percentage of people 65
and older in all three countries will be higher in 2030 than in 1940.
Looking at the figures for Qatar, it is clear to see that the percentage was lower in the
past and it will be greater in 2030. It stood at about 8% in 1940, after which it fluctuated
upwards to 20% in 2010. Since 2010, the percentage has increased to about 22%. In 2030, it
will rise to 25%, which is the highest figure for Qatar.
Similarly, the percentage in Bahrain was much smaller in the past than it will be in 2030.
It began at 5% in 1940, which was the lowest figure in the period. Since then, there has been
an upwards trend to around 12%. In 2030, it will rise to 30%.
Similar to in Qatar and Bahrain, in Iran, the percentage in 1940 was not as high as it will be in
2030. It started at around 3% in 1940, before declining slightly to about 1% in 1950. Following this,
there was no change to 1970. Next, the figure climbed gradually to approximately 7% in 2000. Since
2000, it has gone up to 25%. In 2030, it will increase to 40%.
0
10
20
30
40
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Percentage of people 65 years and over
Qatar Bahrain Iran