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Catalog
1. Abstract2. Introduction
3. Environmental factors impact on butterfly po
4. Species Identification
5. Problems and improvements6. Conclusion
7. Reference
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1. Abstract
To study the ecological & cultural value of Pak To discuss the human impact on biodiversity
To appreciate the biodiversity in Pak Sha O
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5/56Picture from TPB Paper No. 9240, Plan 4e & 4f, 30/11/2012, Town Planning Board
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Background informations about Pak sha O:
Pak Sha O: High biodiversity:
75 butterfly species (~30% of the total butterfly species recorde
11 freshwater fish species38 bird species, 8 amphibian and 23 reptile species (Woo, 201
Some are of local or global conservation concern
2. Introduction
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Source: Preliminary results of butterfly survey at Pak Sha O and Lai Ch
Chau Frontier Closed Area (6 June 2013), Table 1 & 2, Green Power
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Background informations about Pak sha O:
Pak Sha O:DPA development permission area Plan established:
~1.38hectares zoned as Village Type Development--- Existing recognize
Remaining 31.89hectares designated Unspecified Used---statuto
Any demolition of or addition, alteration and/or modification to
replacement/redevelopment of an existing building requires pla
permission from the Town Planning Board. (18 October 2013
2. Introduction
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Picture from TPB Paper No. 9240, Plan 2e, 30/11/2012, Town Planning Board
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Picture from TPB Paper No. 9240, Plan 2c, 30/11/2012, Town Planning Board
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Background informations about Pak sha O (Cont.)
Partly developed:
Agriculture
Tourism
Established village
2. Introduction
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Background informations about Pak sha O (Cont.)
Partially preserved vegetation structure :
Habitat for butterfly & other native species
Ecological services (production, prevent flooding, climate regu
2. Introduction
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Background informations about Pak sha O (Cont.)
Partially preserved freshwater habitat :
Freshwater supply
Important for both crops and native species to survive
Habitat of aquatic organisms
2. Introduction
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Potential threat
Development:
The wetland in Pak Sha O has been excavated and destroyed (photo taken in October 2012), Green Power
Picture from TPB Paper No. 9240 For Consideration by The Town P
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Potential threat
DPA helps prevent further damage to the wetland and stream ecology of Pak Sha O. But more stringent regulation and monitoring willand long term protection of the area's natural environment.
As in general, a draft DPA plan will be replaced by an Outline Zoning Plan within 3 years:
It is important for Government to designate the area as Country Pa
as a Site of Special Scientific Interest) for long-term conservation
making the Outline Zoning Plan.
Or the species and the habitat would lost the protection from law, a
destroyed by development.
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3. Environmental factors
Stable temperature
-Latitudes
High plant diversity and richness
- Host plants
Attract migratory species
-ex. japan
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Decrease in migratory Butterflies
Come from semi-arid places
Butterflies that migrate to Pak Sha O after deve
occurs will be met with no resources.
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Change in ecological make-up
Loss of canopy
Temperature fluctuation
Increased edge effect
-Changes the type of flora that can survive ther
-Invasive species
Butterflies are prey to certain endemic birds
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Vital Plants and biodiversity destroye
Positive feedback loop
Those that remain will be scarce and competitio
fierce
Both endemic and migratory species affected
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Possible solution:
Integrate into Sai Kungs West country park
Creates a corridor between two environments
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4. Species identification
Butterflies Plants
Animals (other than butterfly)
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Butterfly species found in PSO: 15
(Danaidae) Euploea midamus
Danaus genutia
Parantica aglea melanoides
Tirumala limniace
(Pieridae) Catopsilia pomona
Eurema blanda
Fro
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Butterfly species found in PSO (cont.)
(Nymphalidae) Neptis hylas Cyrestis thyodamas chinensis
(Papilionidae) larva of Papilio polytes
Papilio helenus
Graphium doson postianum
Papilio paris
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Long-banded Silverline
Scientific Name:Spindasis lohita
Common Name: Long-banded Silverline
Chinese Name:
Family: Lycaenidae
Food: Nectar
Description:
Long Silvery Band
Extended Tail as false head on
hindwing
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Dark-brand Bush Brown
Scientific Name: Mycalesis mineus
Common Name: Dark-brand Bush Brown
Chinese Name:
Family: Satyridae
Food: Nectar, Tree sap
Description:
Eyespot on wings
Dark and White brand
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Blue-spotted CrowScientific Name: Euploea midanmus
Common Name: Blue-spotted Crow
Chinese Name:
Family: Danaidae
Food: Nectar
Description:
Purplish-Blue color on forewing
Toxic species to birds
Caterpillars consume toxic
goat plant ()
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Common Tiger
Scientific Name:Danaus genutia
Common Name: Common Tiger
Chinese Name:
Family: Danaidae Food: Nectar
Description:
Orange interspaces
The margins of the wings are black with two rows of white spot
Toxic to predators
Batesian Mimicry
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Glassy Tiger
Scientific Name: Parantica aglea
Common Name: Glassy Tiger
Chinese Name:
Family: Danaidae
Food: Nectar
Description:
Toxic to predators
White interspaces
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Similar Morphology!!!
Blue TigerGlassy Tiger
Mullerian Mimicry
Intensify predator's memory
Avoid eating that species
Each population lost less individual
Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger
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Plant species found in PSO: 11 s
Herbaceous plants
Polygonum barbatum Linn. Impatiens chinensis
Colocasia esculenta
Shrubs:
Psychotria asiatica Citrofortunella microcarpa
Agave tequilana
Melastoma candidum
Plumeria obtuse
Trees:
Bougainvillea Bauhinia
Others:
- Winding plant
Ipomoea ca
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A.Knotgrass B.Chinese balsam C.Taro
Freshwater indicator species
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Common name Chinese name Special feat
Wild Coffee Common birds food
Chinese orange Butterflies larval host
CoastMorning glory Invasive species
Maguey Tequila making
Identified special plants
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1. Psychotria asiatica
Scientific name: Psychotria asiatica
Common name: Wild Coffee / Red Psych
Chinese name :Features
Very common in Hong Kong
Evergreen shrub
Usually 1 to 2 meters tall
Fruit turns from green to red (food fo
Function
Fruit: birds food !!!
Seeds dispersed by birds
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Scientific name: Citrofortunella microca
Common name: Chinese orange
Chinese name :Features
Evergreen shrub
Originated from Philippines
Rutaceae ()
Dense leaves and orange fruits
Usually used for gardening and celeb
Snacks
Function
Food for butterflies larvae
2. Citrofortunella microcarpa
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Scientific name: Ipomoea cairica
Common name: CoastMorning glory
Chinese name: Features
Herbaceous twining plants
Originated from North America
Looks like morning glory (
Perennial, with large palmate lea
Positive phototropic Strong, tough seeds and reprod
Function
Act as a weed...invasive species
3. Ipomoea cairica
4 Agave tequilana
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Scientific name:Agave tequilana
Common name: Maguey
Chinese name :Features Originated from Mexico
Perennial, evergreen
Strong and long leaves, with short s
Only flowering at least after 10 years
Physical defence : Small spikes at the edge of leaves
Chemical defence :
Calcium oxalate raphides
4. Agave tequilana
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Other animals found in PSO:
Insects:
Opiliones (Harvestman)
Pyrops candelarius
Grasshoppers
Orthetrum luzonicum (blue dragonfly)
Crocothemis servilia servilia
Abraxas illuminata
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Other animals found in PSO (cont.):
Fish:
Parazacco spilurus
Birds:
Aethopyga
Pycnonotus sinensis
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Photo & Description
Crocothemis servilia servilia
Orthetrum luzonicum
Pyrops candelarius
Abraxas illuminata
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Opiliones (Harvestman) vs. Araneae(Sp
Opiliones Araneae
Generally, legs are exceptionally long compared
to their own bodies and slender
Generally, legs are relatively short
Body regions are fused Abdomen is separated from cephaconstriction
Single pair of eyes 3 to 4 pairs of eyes
No venom gland Possess venom glands
No silk glands so do not build webs Possess silk glands for building w
Can swallow solid food Can only swallow liquid
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Parazacco spilurus Endemic to HK
Dominant fish species infreshwater streams which are
well-oxygenated and unpolluted or
mildly polluted
Taken as indicator species because
it is sensitive to pollutants.
Ecologically important:
1. Effectively control no. of small animals as they eat a lot
2. As a food source to kingfishers and other water birds
5 P bl d i t
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5. Problems and improvements
Good: An experienced guide providing
comprehensive knowledge on the wild
Interesting, beautiful and amazing but
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6 C l i
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6. Conclusion
Pak Sha O
1. Has great biodiversity of species
2. Provides important ecological services
3. Nurtures many beautiful butterflies
Should thus be designated as a country park A
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7 Reference
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7. Reference
Update on Pak Sha O wetland, Sai Kung, Green Power
Hong Kong Live eco-map, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Departmenthttp://www.hkecomap.net/?lang=cht
The Information Services Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government
HONG KONG : THE FACTS
Opiliones: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiliones
Parazacco spilurus: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E9%B1%B2, http://www
hk/contents/Publications/Press/FishWeekly/20090712_c.php
Photos:
Opiliones:http://cerebraldump.com/insects/IMG_1637b.jpg
Spider: http://holmes.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/SPIDER/Copy%20of%20spider%20(5).jpg
Parazacco spirulus: http://www.hkis.hk/contents/Publications/Press/FishWeekly/20090712/Parazacc
http://www.hkis.hk/contents/Publications/Press/FishWeekly/20090712/Parazacco_spilurus-01.jpghttp://cerebraldump.com/insects/IMG_1637b.jpghttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E9%B1%B2http://www.hkecomap.net/?lang=chthttp://www.hkecomap.net/?lang=chthttp://www.hkis.hk/contents/Publications/Press/FishWeekly/20090712/Parazacco_spilurus-01.jpghttp://holmes.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/SPIDER/Copy%20of%20spider%20(5).jpghttp://cerebraldump.com/insects/IMG_1637b.jpghttp://www.hkis.hk/contents/Publications/Press/FishWeekly/20090712_c.phphttp://www.hkis.hk/contents/Publications/Press/FishWeekly/20090712_c.phphttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E9%B1%B2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opilioneshttp://www.hkecomap.net/?lang=cht8/13/2019 LIFS 4301 Field Trip
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The EndPlease feel free to ask if you have any question
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2 Introduction
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Background informations about Pak sha O:
Pak Sha O: Historical heritage, well preserved Hakkavillage
2. Introduction
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Historical heritages
Picture from TPB Paper No. 9240, Plan
Potential threat
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Potential threat
Development:(From Town Planning Department --- Gist of Representations for Draft Pak Sha O Development Permission Area Plan No. DPA/NE-PSO/1:)
5 out of 41 comments suggest that the land area zoned as
Village Type Development (V) is not enough for the present and
needs of the villagers:
TPB/R/DPA/NE-PSO/1-1:Area of Village Type Development (V) is not enough for the present and future nee
[Request the Town Planning Board to withdraw the plan]
TPB/R/DPA/NE-PSO/1-2:Developable area is too small; Villagers oppose the incorporation of the villages into th
Park
[Expand V]
TPB/R/DPA/NE-PSO/1-5:Object to the extensive Unspecified Use designation
[Rezoned from Unspecified Use to Agriculture (AGR), rezoned from Unspecified Use to Recreation to pro
compatible recreational uses]
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