PROBIOTICS IN POULTRY NUTRITION
__________________________
Cost or opportunity?
Baromfi Congress – Budapest 1° Oct 2013
Luca Vandi Poultry Tech Manager EMA
Biomin GmbH
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
MANY TIMES PROBIOTICS FAIL TO GIVE A RELIABLE RESPONSE IN THE BIRDS – WHY?
USE OF SINGLE-STRAIN PROBIOTICS COLONIZATION OF JUST A PART OF THE GIT
USE OF NOT SPECIE-SPECIFIC STRAINS • SLOWER REPLICATION • QUICK ELIMINATION (ONCE
REGULAR CONSUMPTION OF THE PROBIOTIC HAS CEASED) – Tannock, 2001
WRONG POSITIONING GROWTH PROMOTION??
SO… IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A RELIABLE REPLY FROM THE HOST A PROBIOTIC SHOULD BE
MULTI- STRAIN
• COLONIZATION OF THE WHOLE GIT TRACT
SPECIE- SPECIFIC
(selected by the gut of the bird)
• FASTER MULTIPLICATION • LOW ELIMINATION
WELL POSITIONED
• IMMUNOMODULATION • COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION
LESS PATHOGEN PASSAGE INTO THE BLOOD STREAM
PROMOTION OF A NON IMMUNOLOGIC GUT DEFENSE BARRIER
EFFICIENCY RELIABILITY R.O.I.
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
Single strains of PoultryStar® inhibit pathogenic bacteria
Enhancing effects through combination of strains
PS® PS®
PS®
PS® PS® PS®
PS®
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
PROBIOTICS’ M.O.A.
Immunity enhancement
Improvement of the intestine’s immunologic barrier (Isolauri et al., 2001)
Alleviation of intestinal inflammatory response (Isolauri et al., 2001)
Gut stabilizing effect (Isolauri et al., 2001)
(through balance control of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory Cytokines) (Isolauri et al., 2001)
Heterophils stimulation (Farnell et al., 2006)
Competitive exclusion
Promotion of a nonimmunologic gut defense barrier (Isolauri et al., 2001)
Normalization of increased intestinal permeability and altered gut microecology (Isolauri et al., 2001)
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
Probiotics – Non immunological barrier formation
Adapted Ng et al., (2009)
Probiotics – Immune response modulation
Adapted Bron et al., (2011)
IL 10
IL 10 Copyright © BIOMIN GmbH
Probiotics – Anti-inflammatory effect
Different steps…
Probiotics – selection criteria
ISOLATION OF BACTERIAL STRAINS
• Isolation out of the chicken gut • Diff. selective and non-selective media • Diff. conditions (aerobic, fac. anaerobic,
anaerobic)
CHARACTERISATION OF BACTERIAL STRAINS
• Physiologica and biochemical • Cultural-morphological • Molecular biological
EVALUATION OF STRAINS
• Pathogen inhibition • Adhesion to intestinal cell wall • Met. end products, stability, safety
status
• From poultry to poultry
• Chosen from different parts of the GIT.
Species Origin
Enterococcus faecium Jejunum
Bifidobacterium animalis Ileum
Lactobacillus salivarius Cecum
Probiotics – different strains growing in different GIT tracts
THE TRIALS
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
B.C.O. (Bacteria Chondronecrosis Osteomyelitis) LAMENESS
Worldwide surveys indicate the wide spread of lameness.
Studies in Europe show high level of lameness in broilers with 14-30% of the birds with lameness score >3 (Sanotra et al., 2003).
High prevalence rates up to 27.6% (UK- Knowles et al., 2008)
80% of the cases were attributed to BCO (Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Osteomyelitis) - 5% mortality.
10-15% of normal broilers suffer from subclinical BCO and the condition started to appear in younger birds (Thorp et al., 1993).
ECONOMICAL LOSSES!
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
Rapid growth rate Disruption of GIT barrier
Joint trauma ex. Rough handling
Immunosuppression ex. Mycotoxins, IBD,
MD
Inability of immune cells to reach the
infection site
Bone and joint infections
Micro- fractures
dysbacteriosis
BCO
Bacteraemia
Effect of PoultryStar® on incidence of BCO and lameness in commercial
broilers reared on wire flooring University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Poultry
Environmental Research Lab Poultry Research Farm, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
Prof. R.F. Wideman, Jr., Ph.D.
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Wideman et al. (2012) A wire-flooring model for inducing lameness in broilers: Evaluation of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment, Poultry Science 91: 870 – 883
Trial design:
4 independent experiments
Location: Poultry Environmental Research Lab at the University of Arkansas Poultry Research Farm
Wire flooring model for inducing lameness in broilers
Lameness trials - University of Arkansas, USA
Table: incidence % of lameness in broilers from two lines (C or D) that were fed control broiler starter feed (Control Feed) or the same feed containing PoultryStar® (Probiotic) while being reared on wood shavings litter or wire flooring from 1 through 56 days of age.
a,b Values with different superscripts differed significantly at P < 0.05 using repeated Z-tests (SigmaPlot) to compare proportions.
Experiment Line Gender Control Feed +
Wood Shavings
Total Lame
Control Feed +
Wire Flooring
Total Lame
PoultryStar® +
Wire Flooring
Total Lame
1 C M & F 12% b 68%a 36%b
2 D M & F 8%b 28%a 8%b
3 D M 2%b 22%a 10%ab
4 D M - 32%a 18%b
Summary Results Exp 1-4
Lameness trials - University of Arkansas, US
Effect of PoultryStar®
on amelioration of acute phase inflammation
____________________________
Purdue University
(USA) Department of Animal Sciences
Trial design:
4 groups, 192 male broilers (8 replicates per group),
injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Negative control: no additive
Positive control: LPS challenged (on days 14, 16, 18 & 20)
Pair-fed group: non-challenged, pair-fed to the positive control
PoultryStar® : microencapsulated, 2.0 x 108 CFU/kg of feed + LPS challenged
Amelioration of acute phase inflammation Purdue University (USA)
Feed intake 2, 4 and 6 days after LPS challenge
Amelioration of acute phase inflammation Purdue University (USA)
Results -
Body weight gain from 14 (first day of LPS challenge) to 21 days
Amelioration of acute phase inflammation Purdue University (USA)
Results -
Effect of PoultryStar®
on Clostridium perfringens-induced Necrotic Enteritis
Ghent University (Belgium)
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Pathology Bacteriology and Avian Diseases
____________________________________________________
M. Mohnl, F. Van Immerseel, R. Ducatelle2, G. Schatzmayr (2010) Inhibition of Clostridium Perfringens through Probiotic Strains and
Efficacy of Multispecies Probiotic to Reduce Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry, XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours. France, 23-27 August 2010,
Book of Abstracts, p. 254, oral presentation
Trial design Animals: day-old broiler chicks (mixed-sex; Ross) 3 groups, 90 birds, randomly assigend
Negative control: uninfected, untreated
Positive control: infected, untreated
NC + PoultryStar® me: infected, 1 kg/ton of feed
Feeding programm:
Starter: day 1 to 8, wheat/rye and soybean based Grower: day 9 to 16, wheat/rye and soybean based Grower: from day 17, soybean meal was replaced by fishmeal
Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)
Trial design
• Gumboro vaccination on day 16
• Oral challenge (3 times a day) of infected groups with C. perfringens 56 (type A strain which carries netB; no beta-2 or enterotoxin genes) at days 17, 18, 19 and 20
• Oral gavage with a ten-fold dose of vaccinal Eimeria oocysts (Paracox-5) at day 18
• At days 22, 23, and 24, ten birds from each group were euthanized and intestinal lesions in the small intestine (duodenum to ileum) were scored
Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)
Intestinal lesion scoring
0: no gross lesions 1: congested intestinal mucosa 2: small focal necrosis or ulceration (1 - 5 foci) 3: focal necrosis or ulceration (5 - 16 foci) 4: focal necrosis or ulceration (16 or more foci) 5: patches of necrosis 2 - 3 cm long 6: diffuse necrosis typical of field cases
Lesion scores of 2 or more were classified as necrotic enteritis positive. The statistical analysis was carried out for the 3 sampling days (total) by the means of multivariable logistic regression.
Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)
Number of birds with NE lesions per sampling day
Results
Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)
APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
Naturally ahead
21 days 42 days 1 day
Day 1: Marek IB NDV Coccidiosis?
Day 14: IBDV (1-2?)
Day 18: IB variant NDV
10 days
FEED APPLICATION PoultryStar® ME (1 kg/ton)
FEED CHANGE
FEED CHANGE
PoultryStar® ME (500 g/ton)
IN CASE OF SEVERE
LAMENESS
COMP. EXCLUSION
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
PoultryStar® ME (500 g/ton)
YES
Antibiotics - Probiotics compatibility?
(Ouwehand et al. 2000; Rachmilewitz et al. 2004; Katakura et al. 2005; Lorenzoni et al., 2012 Rehman et al., 2012).
Antibiotics - Probiotics compatibility?
Naturally ahead
TAKE-HOME MESSAGES • Probiotics can enhance immunity
• Probiotics can create a non immune defensive barrier in the GIT
• Multi-specie probiotics are more efficient than single-strain ones (they can colonize the whole GIT)
• Specie-specific probiotics can colonize better the GIT and stay longer in the GIT after stopping the administration
• Multi-specie, specie-specific probiotics can give a benefit in terms of BCO lameness reduction
Acute-phase inflammation modulation, N.E. reduction
Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013
PoultryStar®
Healthy gut - Strong chick!
• Poultry specific Out of poultry for poultry
• Multi-species
• Synbiotic Synergistic combination of probiotics and prebiotics
PoultryStar® is…
• Microencapsulated Heat-stable, strain-tailored microencapsulation
• Scientifically proven benefits
Worldwide R&D cooperation
Enterococcus faecium 60%
Bifidobacterium animalis 30%
Lactobacillus salivarius 10%
PoultryStar® ME - feed application
Can be pelleted up to temperatures of 85°C x 20 sec
Packaging: 25 kg corrugated cartons with polyethylene inlet
Contains 2x108 CFU/g
Dosage: 0.5 - 1 kg/ton of feed
PoultryStar® - Healthy gut, strong chick!
Origin chicken intestine ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Inhibition of pathogens ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Adhesion to intestinal cell walls ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Acidification of gut (lactic acid:1, acetic acid: 2) ✓ 1 ✓1,2 ✓1 ✓
Production of antimicrobial sustances ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Stability (storage, bile salts, acids) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Safety ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
PoultryStar® - Healthy gut, strong chick! P
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Bifid
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Ente
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PoultryStar® - Healthy gut, strong chick!
So… Probiotics can be just a cost or an opprtunity?
CATCH IT!!