Apple OS XJoshua S Goldman
About MeEducation
Master of Business Administration – Lakeland College
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science – UW OshkoshComputer Information SystemsExtensive programming in C, C++, OpenGL, Scheme,
ML all in a Linux environmentConfigured and operated CompSci Linux server as a
Windows Domain controller
CompTIA Network+ Certified Apple Certified Technical Coordinator (ACTC) Apple Certified Macintosh Technician (ACMT) HP Self-Maintainer Warranty repair certified Linux Professional Institute (LPI-101) Coursework
About MeExperience
Started with Amiga OS and IBM DOS MS DOS, then Windows 3.11, then 95 Windows 2000 and XP with Netware 5, 6, 6.5 at UWO
Final position at UWO was Netware / Windows server administrator. Configured their first Netware cluster to connect to a true HP EVA 5000 SAN
Macintosh OS X 10.4 – 10.6 and Windows XP, 7 and Linux at UWGBPrimary support for OS X client and serverAlso heavily support Windows XP and 7 in a Microsoft
Active Directory environmentSupport NASA/JPL Linux workstation and Computer
Science Linux serverSupport various enterprise software applications (Xythos,
SDE, etc)
OS 9 and earlierNow referred to as the Macintosh Classic OS
Ran on Motorola PowerPC architecture (G4, G3, earlier)
No true multitasking
No true multi-user support
No protected memory
Macintosh OS XReleased in 1999
XNU kernel (X is not UNIX) Purchased by Apple as the base for DarwinHybrid kernel of BSD and the Mach kernelMany functions of UNIX / Linux are readily
available via command line or SSH
Aqua interface
X11 environment available
Macintosh OS XFinder default file browser (ie Windows Explorer)
Default Folder Structure
What’s really there:
User Home Folder Structure
Macintosh OS XOriginal releases ran on Motorola PowerPC
Architecture (G3, G4) and later IBM PowerPC G5
10.4 was the last version to support Classic ModeAllowed Classic VM to run inside OS X
10.6 was first to only support Intel hardwareLowered install footprint (4GB smaller than 10.5)Grand Central Dispatch handles multithreading at
an OS level instead of relying on individual programs
Macintosh OS XPrimary file system HFS+
Full support for FAT / FAT32 NTFS read only native, full support can be added with
NTFS-3G
Ability to bind to any LDAPv3 directory service Custom plugin specifically for Active Directory Easily bind and share files with any Windows
(SMB/CIFS), WebDAV, FTP, NFS, AFP file system
Uses CUPS printing Can be managed through System Preferences or built
in CUPS webpage
OS X Server Officially supported on Mac Mini, Mac Pro, Xserve
Xserve recently EOL’ed (will they go virtual?) Can be ran on a Mac Laptop – but unsupported
Open Directory LDAPv3 compliant directory server Windows and Linux workstations can bind to it
WorkGroup Manager Provide user and computer policy management Very similar to Active Directory (MCX = GPO)
Netboot services PXE Boot Macintosh workstation to either run diskless in a thin
client setup or for imaging tasks Use in conjunction with many free imaging tools
OS X ServerAlso support for numerous services that any
other server would provide:HTTPMailFile Services (SMB, AFP, NFS)DNSDHCPFirewallXgrid clusteringLocally hosted software update server
iOSAlso based off of Darwin kernel
Runs on iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, AppleTV
Primarily focused on touch screen interface
Designed to work around App store for all purchases
Jailbroken to unlock greater functionality and use the Cydia App store (SSH, non-approved apps, etc)
Some elements of iOS are being integrated into 10.7 Lion
Your QuestionsIs there an easy way to mass deploy
iPhones/iPadsQuick answer: NO iOS Devices are designed for a single user 1 to 1Reliance on App store makes distribution a
challengeEducational Institutions can use App Store Volume
Purchase Program (voucher system – may go private)
Still an ownership issue since Apps belong to end redeemer of voucherIn case of employee termination or leaving they
would still own the Apps
Is there an easy way to deploy Mac OS XQuick answer: YESLeverage OS X Server for netboot deploymentUse free imaging service such as DeployStudio
Hand free booting of systemsWorkflow style allows custom imaging and post
image package installsAbility to add scripts pre-flight and post-flight to
name computers, bind them to AD or other directory service
Control workstations with VNC, SSH, Apple Remote Desktop
Manage workstations using Open Directory or Active Directory with AD Schema expansion and Thursby ADmitMac
DeployStudio Runtime example
Apple Remote Desktop ARD
In what technical ways does OS X differ from Linux?Same as asking how Linux differs from UNIXOS X is based around the Aqua interfaceAqua designed to provide the most intuitive simple to
use user interfaceOS X requires Apple hardware (legally)
Major reason for stability Side note – 80% of Windows BSODs are poor video drivers
OS X primary package delivery is the .PKGOS X removes some command line features and adds
otherssoftware_update – check for updatesdsconfigldap – bind to directory servicessystem_profiler – give detailed info on software/hardware
installeddiskutil – change volumes, check raid, mount drives
What are some sysadmin problems for a Mac that are not problems on WindowsNo wake on LAN. Wake from sleep supported, but
no true wake from powered off stateFinger pointing when troubleshooting. Many
vendors love to use this as an excuse.Limited troubleshooting tools
Techtool Pro is goodApple provides basic Apple Hardware Test CDs with
all MacsCertified Apple Service stations have access to Apple
Service Diagnostic images that will test every component
Anyone who supports Linux / UNIX workstations will have no problem supporting Mac workstations / servers
Is it trivial to get a Mac to connect to a Windows server?Yes!Go -> Connect to serversmb://servername/sharenameCurrently does not support DFS sharesADmitMac by Thursby software provides a custom
SMB/CIFS implementation that gives better performance and enhanced AD configuration optionsAlso a bonus when troubleshooting issues. They will
check any logs and find the source of issues for youCan also connect to any other standard protocol
such as NFS, HTTPS, AFP
How is IPv6 Supported on OS XPersonally unsure of underlying supportFully supported on OS X clientCan be enabled / disabled through network
preferencesSupported by OS X Server DHCP Service
Are there any Mac tricks that you find useful such as tethering I don’t use tethering – so I have no adviceLearn the shortcut keys (Command +)
Command + O = openCommand + Q = QuitCommand + Option + Escape = force quit appsCommand + Tab = page through open programs
Learn startup keysCommand + S on boot takes you to single user (Unix)
modeN on boot boots to networkC on boot boots to optical driveT on boot boots into Target Mode (ie External firewire
drive) also can share Optical drive in this modeOption on boot brings up boot selector
Maintenance / RepairDisk Utility
Verify / Repair file permissions Verify / Repair file structure issues Can be ran from command line and single user mode
Apple Hardware Test CD (or hidden partition) Provide a basic test of Mac Hardware Comes with all Macs
AppleJack Run from Single User Mode for maximum useability Run Memtest Clear Caches, Run Disk Utility scripts, verify preference
files Set scan options and walk away
Maintenance / RepairOnyx
Schedule maintenance scripts to run (GUI cron)Clean System, User, Internet, Font, and log CacheChange parameters for various OS X applications
Change default path for screen captureShow hidden files in FinderChange default login settings
PLIST filesPreferences in the user’s ~/Library/Preferences folderSimply deleting the plist for misbehaving apps can
often fix a problemBe careful when doing this to the main
/Library/Preferences folder
Onyx
Maintenance / RepairBoot holding in Command + Option + P + R
Resets PRAM which has settings for startup disc, sound, screen settings, and more
Checking / replacing hardware ifixit.com provides excellent color take apart guidesMost components are now standard PC components
Ram, hard drives, optical drives, LCD PanelsNot all video cards are compatible in Mac Pro sytemsMost commonly needed tools are high quality precision
screw drivers (#0, #00, #000) and a Torx setSuction cups needed for iMacs
Things to consider before switching
Software compatibilityYou will need to buy all new software – few
licenses transfer cross platformMicrosoft Office 2011 is finally a good releaseSome web apps require Internet Explorer - not an
option unless you want to run a VMGame support getting better – Steam is now on
Mac
New OS = learning curve. Even though OS X is considered intuitive, its not if you used Windows your whole life
Good Freeware/Shareware/Dona
tionware AppsText Wrangler – text editing
SimplyBurns – Easy to use disc burning
AppleJack – UNIX maintenance scripts – can be ran from single user mode
Onyx – OS X maintenance / UI tweaking
Handbrake – Video converting (cross platform)
Audacity – Sound recording / editing (cross platform)
Mac the Ripper – DVD decryption
Open Office
Chicken of the VNC – VNC viewer (VNC server built in)
Good Freeware/Shareware/Dona
tionware Apps Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection – connect to PCs
Adium – Multi-service chat client (Google, AIM, Yahoo, MSN, etc)
Menu Meters – Graphical display of Network, CPU, Disk IO in Menu bar
Sophos AV – Not really needed for the Mac, but scans/removes Windows viruses
Firefox / Chrome / Opera
DeployStudio – Deployment tool for OS X and Windows
WinClone – Imaging too for Windows partitions
Carbon Copy Cloner (CCC) – Simply cloning for OS X
Pacifist – Extract individual components from an OS X installer DVD
[email protected] - feel free to email me!
www.afp548.com - excellent source of server info
www.macfixit.com - Cnet owned Mac support site
www.macrumors.com - Support forums / Mac rumors
www.ifixit.com - color manuals for repair Apple devices and find parts