MATERI GENETIK, ALUR INFORMASI GENETIK DAN EKSPRESI GEN
THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE GENETIC
MATERIALThe genetic material is consisted of :
Chromosomes
Genes
called as NUCLEOPROTEIN
reside along the chromosome
KROMOSOM
Jumlah kromosom• Setiap sel somatik mengandung satu set
kromosom yg diwariskan dr induk maternal (betina) dan satu set kromosom pasangannya (kromosom homolog) dr induk paternal (jantan)
• Set rangkap disebut DIPLOID (2n)• Sel kelamin atau gamet (1/2 dr sel somatis,
HAPLOID (n)
Chromosomes• The essential part of a chromosome
is a single very long strand of DNA. This DNA contains all the genetic information for creating and running the organism.
• The DNA is supported and neatly packaged by proteins bound to it. At different times, these proteins cause the DNA to be spread out like spaghetti in a bowl, or tightly condensed into the X-shaped chromosomes we can see in the microscope.
• Each chromosome has a central constricted region called a centromere that serves as an attachment point for the machinery of mitosis.
Morfologi Kromosom
Chromosome in general Chromosome in general (size, shape and number)(size, shape and number)
- Diploid organisms = 2n- Two copies of autosomes with sex chromosomes- diploid organisms have two cell-types somatic cells = body’s cells germ cells = gametes
- human bodies ~= 1014 cells many cell divisions => mitosis
- sexual reproduction require haploid (n) cells => meiosis
Human chromosomes =22 pairs of autosomes + sex chromosome (XX or XY)
Double helix DNA
GENE EXPRESSION
DNA
RNA
PROTEIN
CELL EFFECT TISSUE
ORGANISM
POPULATION
BIOSPHERIC PHENOTYPE
DNA
DNA Replication
RNA PROTEIN
Transcription
Translation
CENTRAL DOGMAFrancis Crick, 1958
TRANSCRIPTION
REMOVALOF INTRONS