Maurissa SorensenValerie CasillasCasey Moroney
Rose Householder
Anti-Bullying Summit 2011
•Higher Prevalence Rates in the U.S. than in Other Countries--Why? •Who Does Research Benefit?
Why study bullying ?
Stability and consistency of bully-victims (over time)
• Bullies (>60%) and Victims (13%) remain in roles • Bully-victims and bystanders seem to stay the most
consistent over numerous periods of time.
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Bullies Victims Bully-Victims Bystanders
•Across settings and the dominance theory• How does stability look for different/same for both
genders? • How does this effect bullies?• How does this effect victims?
• Do you mean “effect” or affect?
Stability and consistency of bully-victims
(across settings)
Bullying does not end in high school
• College victims are bullied by teachers and students
• Leads to higher rates of:
• school avoidance
• levels of anxiety• suicidal ideation
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Observed A Student Being Bullied By Another Student
Witnessed A Teacher Bullying A Student
Bullied By Another Student Occasionally and Frequently
Bullied By A Teacher Occasionally and Frequently
• POORER ACADEMIC SKILLS AND GRADES?
• COMING FROM AGGRESSIVE HOMES?
• INCONSISTENT AND NON EFFECTIVE DISCIPLINE?
• LOW SELF-ESTEEM
Who is a Bully? Characteristic Factors
LGBT BULLYING vs. RACE/CLASS
• BOYS BEING CALLED GAY EXPERIENCED MORE “PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS”
• COMPARED TO OTHERS WHO ALSO SUFFERED FROM OTHER FORMS OF BULLYING
• BULLIES ATTACKING LGBT STUDENTS= MORE PHYSICALLY VIOLENCE
• THEY DON’T WANT TO APPEAR TO BE “GAY”
LGBT BULLYING vs. RACE/CLASS
• suffer from depression in adulthood
• School Truancy• increased risk in suicidal ideation.
What Happens to the Victims?
LGBT Not LGBT
• Common problems were poor academics
• Boys who are bullied, and called “gay”, reported
• The terms “man enough”, “real boy” led.
• Perpetrators of “gay males” were given the “boys will be boys” defense
• Anyone can be bulllied• Victims who were bullied for
reasons other than being called “gay”
• Reasons for this population experiencing bullying differently varied
• These victims showed a higher attendance rate than LGBT youth.
LGBT and Not LGBT Victims?
Victims and Suicide
• Suicide rates among youth are on the rise• Empirical research has shown that bullying is a
risk factor for suicide• Mass media attention has increased
• Dangers of cyber bullying?• Constant harassment
• Anonymity
• How Bullying leads to Gun Violence?• Gay baiting
• Not all victims internalize feelings
Cyber Bullying an epidemic!
“BYSTANDER BEHAVIOR MODERATES A CHILDS'
VULNERABILITY TO VICTIMIZATION.”
Bystanders Make a Difference!
“THE MORE BYSTANDERS THERE ARE DURING AN EMERGENCY, THE LESS
LIKELY IT IS THAT ANY ONE BYSTANDER WILL INTERVENE
TO PROVIDE AID.”
Diffusion of Responsibility
Sexual Violenc
eIt is a form of assault, a
form of abuse, and a form of
bullying!
“STUDENT LEADERS NOTED BECOMING MORE AWARE
THAT THEY COULD DO SOMETHING AND MAKE A
DIFFERENCE (FOR THE VICTIM)…”
Within a Study Done On Reducing Sexual Violence On Campus:
Possible Bystander Reactions To Bullying:
• Pressuring the bully into bullying
• 2nd party victim of bullying
• Lack of involvement
• Learned response
• Insensitive to bullying